SHAMA SCHOOL OF BULACAN

Caingin Rd. Meywoods Subd. Lawa

City of Meycauayan Bulacan

SCIENCE 6
(Module)
NAME: ____________________________________________

Grade: ____________Section: _______________________

Teacher: __________________________________________

LESSON 1: MIXTURE AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

Objectives: In this lesson, the learners should be able to:
  Identify the classification of matter.
 Describe pure substance and mixtures.

EXPLANATION:

Classification of Matter
Matter can be generally divided into two major groups; pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances are divided into elements and compounds while mixtures are divided into
homogenous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Pure substance is a classification of matter which is made up of one or more
kinds of atoms. Examples or pure substances are salt, sugar and water. A mixture is made up of
substance which can be identified. Examples are sand, and pebbles and 3 – 1 instance coffee.

Classification of Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements Compounds Homogeneous Heterogeneous

Metals Non metals Metalloids Acids Bases Salts

Elements
Elements are pure substances made up of one kind of atom. Elements are classified as
metals, non-metals and metalloids.
Examples: gold, pan, copper wire, silver

Classification of Elements
Metals
 These are mostly solid in form except for mercury. They possess luster, and shine when
lights fall on them. They are used in electrical appliances because they are good conductors of
heat and electricity. Metals are used in electrical appliances because they are good conductors of
heat and electricity. Metals are malleable. They can be hammered into thin sheets. They are also
ductile or can be drawn into fine wires. Metals have high tensile strength - they can withstand
stress and strain which enable them ideal construction materials for building bridges and edifices.

Ex. Magnesium, platinum, nickel, iron, silver

Non - metals
They exist in solids, liquids, and gases. They are usually light in weight and are used as
insulators because they are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are not ductile and
malleable, and not strong enough to withstand stress and strain.

Ex. Carbon, Phosphorus, sulfur, Iodine, Bromine

Metalloids
Metalloids are elements that have the properties of both metals and non- metals. They are
solid but lack luster and typically are semiconductors, which means they both insulate and
conduct heat and electricity.
Ex. Boron, Arseni, Silicon

Arrangement of elements is found in the Periodic Table of elements. Elements in the periodic
table are written in symbols. Symbols of elements are short hand of writing the name of
elements. Most symbols of elements are taken from the first letter or first two letters of their
names. For example, H is taken from the first letter of hydrogen. Some elements have German of
Latin name. The first letter or first two letters are taken from the German or Latin name. For
example, K is the symbol of tungsten. It is taken from the first letter of its German name
Wolfram Au, the symbol of Gold, is taken from its Latin name Aurum.

Compounds

Compounds are combination of two or more elements that are chemically combined. The
properties of compounds are different from those elements that make them up. When elements
are combined chemically to form a compound, elements lose their own identity and
characteristics. The new substance formed has different characteristics and properties from the
original elements.
For example, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are both gases. They combine to form water
(H2O). They combine with a definite proportion. Water (H2O) has 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1
atom of oxygen. The compound sodium chloride (NaCl), or table salt, is a white solid with a
salty taste. It is produced when sodium reacts to form a compound, soft, silvery meta, while
chlorine is a yellow, poisonous gas. When they react to form a compound, sodium and chlorine
lose their identity and an edible table salt is formed.

Ex. Iron oxide, hydrochloric acid, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, bleaching liquid, soap, baking
soda, salt, sugar

Kinds of Compounds
Compounds are classified as acids and bases.

Acids
These are compounds that produce hydrogen ions when dissolves in water. Some acids
are weak while some are strong. Weak acids are sour.
Ex. Citric acid in calamansi, kamias, and unripe mango.
 Strong acids like hydrochloric (HCl), can eat away flesh and can corrode metals. Acid
cause certain chemical dyes called indicators to change color. An indicators is a substance that
changes color at a certain range of pH values. Litmus paper and pH scales are examples of
indicators. In acids, a strip of blue litmus paper changes to red. Acids can react with compounds
containing hydroxide ions to form water and salt.
Ex. Stearic, sulphuric, nitric, acetic, hydrochloric.

Bases
These are compounds that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. They usually
feel slippery and have a bitter taste. A strong base, like sodium hydroxide (NaOH), can burn
flesh. In bases, a strip of red litmus paper changes to blue. It can also react with acids to form salt
and water.
Ex. Sodium Hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide

SUMMARY

 Matter is classified as a pure substance or a mixture.

 A substance is made up of atoms and molecules.
 There are two types of substances – elements and compounds.
 An element is a substance that is made up of a particular kind of atom; thus, it cannot be
broken down or transformed into another element by chemical means.
 Combining elements can cause a chemical reaction in which atoms

EVALUATE
I. Using a Graphic Organizer. Make a comparison of the two words, using a Venn diagram.
Elements Compounds
II. Gathering Data: Research the following compounds. Complete the data in the table
below. Give the chemical name and the uses of common acids and bases.
Chemical Formula Chemical Name Uses
Common Acids
1.HCl Hydrochloric acid
2.H2CO3 Use in making soft drinks
3.HC2H2O2 Acetic Acid
Common Bases
4.Mg (OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide
5. Al (OH)3 Used in antacids and
deodorants
6. NaOH Used in soap making

III. Classifying Data: Classify the materials as an element or a compound. Write your
answer on the second column of the chart.
Materials/Substance Classification
1. Silver spoon
2. Sugar
3. Salt
4. Copper Wire
5. Baking soda
6. Vinegar
7. Soap
8. Frying pan
9. Bleaching liquid
10. Gold necklace