STATES,

CLASSIFICATIONS,
AND PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
PREPARED BY: LESTER L. DELA PENA L.P.T.
OBJECTIVES:
a) Describe and explain matter and different states of
matter.
b) Explain the different classification of matter and
differentiate the differences between pure substance
and mixture.
c) Compare and contrast physical properties and
chemical properties of matter.
MATTER
 It refers to anything that occupies space and has mass.
 It’s what the world is made of.
 Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
MASS refers to the amount of matter an object while
WEIGHT refers to a measure of how strongly gravity pulls
on a matter. Hence, if you were to travel to the moon, your
weight would change because the gravitational pull on the
moon is weaker than on Earth, but your mass would stay the
same because you are still made up of the same amount of
matter.
FOUR STATES OF
MATTER
SOLID
 It has definite shape and
volume.
 It is slightly compressible
because most of the solids are
rigid and the molecules of
solid are tightly packed to
each other.
LIQUID
 It has definite volume but its
shape varies with its
container.
 It is compressible because
the molecules of the liquid
are slightly apart from each
other.
GAS
 It is highly compressible
because the distance of
the molecules is far
greater than liquid.
 Its shape depends on its
container.
PLASMA
 It has no fixed shape or
volume, like gas, and is less
dense than solid or liquid.
 Plasma is charged gas made
up of atoms that acquire a
positive or negative charge
when it gains or lose electrons.
PLASMA
 Being made of charged
particles, plasma can do things
gas cannot, like conduct
electricity.
 Since moving charges make
magnetic fields, plasmas also
can have them.
 Ex. Sun, nuclear fusion, and
charge
PURE SUBSTANCES
 It is composed of a particle, which cannot be separated by
physical means.

 Elements- refers to the simplest form of pure substance

ex. Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon, etc.
1. METAL
2. METALLOID
3. NON-METAL
PURE SUBSTANCES
 ELEMENT
1. METAL
 Most elements are metals. It is usually solid at room
temperature except mercury.
 It is characterized by high luster, metallic appearance,
malleable, and ductile.
 It usually corrodes or oxidizes in air and seawater.
 It is usually dense and may have a very high melting point.
 It is also readily to lose electrons because of its good
conductivity of heat and electricity.
PURE SUBSTANCES
 ELEMENT
2. METALLOID
 Metalloid has some of the properties of metals and non-
metallic characteristics.
 It is characterized by a dull or shiny appearance, often
malleable, and ductile.
 It may gain or lose electrons in reaction that often makes its
semi good conductivity of heat and electricity, though not as
well as metals.
PURE SUBSTANCES
 ELEMENT
3. NON-METAL
 Non-metal exhibits very different properties from a metal.
 It is characterized by a dull appearance and is usually brittle
and less dense, compared to a metal.
 It tends to gain electrons in chemical.
PURE SUBSTANCES
 Compound- refers to the combination of two or more
elements.
ex. H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)
1. ACID
2. BASE
3. SALT
PURE SUBSTANCES
 COMPOUND
1. ACID
 It is sour in taste and corrosive in nature
 Acid is a compound that yields hydrogen ion (H+), when
dissolved in water.
 Acid changes the color of litmus paper to red. The pH value
for acid is less than 7.
 Ex. Lemon, milk, vinegar, carbonic acid, ascorbic acid, ect.
PURE SUBSTANCES
 COMPOUND
2. BASE
 It is the chemical opposite of acid. It is bitter in taste and soapy
to touch.
 Base is a compound, which yields hydroxide ion (OH-), when
dissolved in water.
 Ex. Antacids, detergents, soap, ect
PURE SUBSTANCES
COMPOUND
3. SALT
 It is formed by the combination of acid and based
through neutralization reaction
 Ex. Sodium Chloride or Table salt, fertilizer, bath salts
MIXTURE
 It is composed of two or more pure substances, which
can be separated by physical means
 Homogeneous- refers to combined substances that
are in the same phase.
ex. Alcohol and water
MIXTURE
 Homogeneous
1. Solution- it is a type of homogeneous mixture of two
or more substance, which cannot be separated through
filtration.
 Solvent- dissolving agent
 Solute- the substance that is being dissolved.
ex. Salt in water, sugar in water, etc.
MIXTURE
 Homogeneous- refers to combined substance,
which are in the different phase.
ex. Oil and water
1. Suspension
2. Colloid
MIXTURE
 Homogeneous
1. Suspension- it is a type of heterogeneous
mixture of two or more substance, which can be
separated through filtration.
 The particles in a suspension settle out if it is
allowed to stand undisturbed. The particles in a
suspension are large compared to a solution.

ex. Flour in water, sand in water, oil in water.

MIXTURE
 Homogeneous
1. Colloid- it is type of mixture intermediate
between solution and suspension.
 The particles in a colloid are suspended in a
solid, a liquid or a bubble gas.

ex. Fog, mist, gelatin, cheese, smoke, paint,

Styrofoam, mayonnaise, butter, margarine, etc.
 TYPES OF COLLOID
 Aerosol- refers to a solid or liquid particles in a gas. (Ex. Smoke,
mist, clouds, and fog)
 Sol- refers to solid particles in a liquid. (Ex. Milk of magnesia,
paint, inks, and toothpaste)
 Emulsion- refers to liquid particles in liquid. (Ex. Mayonnaise,
butter, cosmetic, cream, ointment, and milk)
 Gel- refers to liquids in solid. (Ex. Gelatin, jams, and quicksand)
 Foam- refers to a colloid of gas bubbles dispersed in a liquid.
(Ex. Marshmallow, foam, and whipped cream.)
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

OF MATTER
Physical Properties
it refers to the external characteristics of matter, such as its
shape, size, roughness, etc.
MALLEABILITY
refers to the property of material that allows it be
hammered into sheets.

Ex. Gates, body parts of machine, roof, etc.

 DUCTILITY
refers to the property of material that allows it to be drawn
into wire.

Ex. Cable wires, wires in cell phone chargers, etc.

BRITTLENESS
refers to the property of material that allows it to be easily
broken.

Ex. Picture frames, plates, mug, drinking glasses

 ELASTICITY
refers to the property of material that allows it to be
stretched, pressed, and twisted.

Ex. Rubber bands and springs.

FLEXIBILITY
refers to the property of material that allows it to be bent or
rolled.

Ex. Clothes, belts, copper wire.

SOLUBILITY
refers to the property of material that allows it to be
dissolved.

Ex. Powder juice, powder milk, coffee etc.

 POROSITY
refers to the property of material that allows water and gas
to pass through it.

Ex. Sponge, clothes, tissue, paper etc.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
refers to the property of material to transfer energy.

Ex. metal spoon, stainless cooking pan, etc.

Chemical Properties
It refers to the ability of matter to undergo a chemical
changes such as rusting, burning, ripening, etc.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE IN RELATION TO

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic compounds are not contained of carbon; most occur
outside the living organism.
 Water- this serves as a medium of many organisms in order for
them to live. All organisms necessitate water to continue to exist
and most living organisms are contained of water.
 Acids- these are described by sour taste.
 Bases- these are described by their bitterness.
 Salts- these are described as neutral, weakly acidic or weakly
basic. These are formed in the neutralization of an acid and base.
Organic Compounds
Usually consist of carbon; most occur only in the bodies and product
of living organism.
I HOPE YOU LEARN SOMETHING!
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