The Properties of Matter and its Various Form

What is Matter?
 Matter
-anything that occupies space
and has mass.
3 STATES OF MATTER
 Solid
- definite shape
- definite volume
- have molecules that are nearly fixed
distances apart and bound by relatively
strong cohesive forces
 Liquid
The molecular forces are strong enough to give the liquid a
- definite volume
- not strong enough to give it a definite shape.

The molecules of a liquid are close together and bound by

cohesive forces that are not as strong as in a solid.
3 STATES OF MATTER
Does gas is an
example of matter?
Let's have an experiment!
Matter = Gas?

Occupy space?
Mass?
 Gases
Gases therefore have neither fixed shapes nor
fixed volumes
Gases are composed of molecules with weak cohesive
forces acting between them. The gas molecules are
relatively far apart and move freely in a constant
3 STATES OF MATTER
The three states of matter can be interconverted
without changing the composition of the
substance.

Upon heating, a solid (for example, ice) will melt

to form a liquid (water
Water
Formula: H2O

Melting point: 0 °C
Freezing point: 0 °C
Boiling point: 100 °C
Further heating will
convert the liquid
into a gas. (This
conversion takes
place at the boiling
point of the liquid.)
On the other hand, cooling a gas will
cause it to condense into a liquid.

When the liquid is cooled further, it

will freeze into the solid form
 Mixture
A mixture is composed of different types of atoms or molecules that
are not chemically bonded.
Mud (dirt and water) Air
Milktea Blood
Crispy fry Saltwater

How to check
Can be broken down into simpler form and not chemically bonded?
 Homogeneous Mixture
- Various components not visually distinguish
- Composition is uniform

Air
Saltwater
 Heterogeneous Mixture
- various components can be visually
distinguished.
- composition is not uniform.
Mud (dirt and water)
Milktea
 Can be
Blood and
heterogenous
Crispy fry
or homogenous
 Pure Substance
Pure substances are further broken down into elements and
compounds (chemically bonded).

Water (H2O)
Methane (CH4)
Gold (Au)
How to check
Simpler form na ba siya?
 Element
substance that cannot be separated further into
simpler substances by chemical methods.

To date, 118 elements have been positively identified.

Most of them occur naturally on Earth. The others
have been created by scientists via nuclear processes
 Element
For convenience, chemists use symbols of one or two
letters to represent the elements. The first letter of a
symbol is always capitalized, but any following letters are
not.
For example, Co is the symbol for the element cobalt,
whereas CO is the formula for the carbon monoxide
molecule
Element
• C - carbon
Co – cobalt - element

CO – carbon dioxide - compound

 Compound
Atoms of most elements can interact with one another
to form compounds. Hydrogen gas, for example, joined
in oxygen gas to form water, which has properties that
are distinctly different from those of the starting
materials.
Water is made up of two parts hydrogen and one part
oxygen. This composition does not change, regardless
of whether the water comes from a faucet/poso in the
Batanes, Davao, Manila. Thus, water is a compound.
The water in Ilog Pasig: is it
pure substance or mixture?
QUESTION!
Physical and Chemical
Properties of Matter
 Physical Properties
Properties that describe the physical characteristics of a
substance and not how the substance behaves chemically.

Ex: Malleable, Ductile, Boiling point, viscosity, solubility,

length, volume, opacity, color, elasticity, density
 Chemical Properties
Properties of a substance that describe how that substance’s
chemical composition will change given a specific set of
conditions.

Ex: Flammable, Radioactive, toxic, explosive, corrosive, acidity,

oxidation
All measurable properties of matter
fall into one of two additional
categories: Extensive Properties and
Intensive Properties
 Intensive Properties
Properties of a substance that do not depend on the amount
of matter present.

Ex: Boiling point, Freezing point, Melting point, Condensation

point, Hardness, Color, Flammable, Combustible, Corrosive.
 Extensive Properties
Properties of a substance that do depend on the amount of
matter present.

Ex: Volume, Mass, Length, Weight