DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL

REGION SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

Module in Properties, Changes, and Classification of Matter

First Quarter/ Week 1/ Day 1

Objectives:

1. To classify matter according to its state

2. To classify matter based on the following

i. Pure substance or mixture.

ii. Elements or compounds
iii. Homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture

3. To distinguish between physical and chemical properties

4. To identify whether or not such change is physical or chemical

In these activities, varied learning experiences shall be introduced to help you understand matter and equip you with
skills and knowledge for you to be successful the topic. This involves acquiring scientific knowledge through varied
source of information focusing on matter, its properties and changes. This also involves understanding or making
meaning out of the scientific knowledge obtained.

States of Matter

There are four states of matter

Solid – fixed shape and volume

Liquid- have fixed volume but shape varies with cont ainer
Gas – both volume and shape are variable
Plasma – ionized gas – both volume and shape are variable

Activity 1. Classify the following as solid, liquid, or gas:

a. Stone b. oxygen c. tree d. mayonnaise e. mango juice

Matter can be divided into two categories

 Pure Substances
 Mixtures

Pure Substances cannot be separated into different types of matter by any physical means. Atoms in pre substances
can be separated only by chemical means or chemical changes.

Elements are pure substances that are made of only one type of matter. The smallest particle of an element is
called atom

Example: sulfur, copper, carbon

Compounds are composed of more than one type of matter. The different substances cannot be separated without
changing the substance. The smallest particle of a compound that retains the properties is called a molecule.

Example: pure water(H2O), sucrose or sugar (C6H12O6), quarts (SiO2)

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Mixtures

Mixture is a material made up of two or more substances. Mixtures are composed of more than one kind of matter or
more than one pure substance. The composition can vary between different sample. Pure substances in the mixture
can be physically separated from each other by physical change.

Homogeneous mixture- a homogeneous mixture has two or more substance in it but you cannot see them
. they appear to be the same throughout. They may not look like mixtures but if tested, they can be found to be
composed of more than one type of substance. Composition can vary between different samples.

Examples, tapwater, saltwater, brass (a mixture of copper and zinc).

Saltwater would be a homogeneous mixture since you cannot actually see the salt and water. A homogeneous
mixture is otherwise called a solution.re not necessarily the same

Heterogeneous mixture- A heterogeneous mixture has two or more substances in it, and you can see what is inside
of it. Different samples are not necessarily the same. They are clearly composed of more than one type of matter
and contain regions with different properties.

Mixtures can be separated into different types of matter by some physical means such as

 Sorting
 Filtering
 Heating
 Cooling
 Freezing
 evaporation

Examples: trail mix (which is a mixture of raisins, peanuts, and chocolate candy,cookies, vegetable soup crunchy
peanut butter, chocolate chip.

Heterogeneous mixtures that are liquid can be subdivided into two types: suspensions and colloids.

Colloid consist of solid particles in a liquid. These particles are usually very small often less than 0.01 mm in
diameter. A colloid is a heterogeneous in which the contents do not settle over a long period of time. They tend
to stay combined together . Paint, orange juice, ketchup and most salad dressings are colloids.

A suspension is a homogeneous mixture In which the contents settle over a short period of time. Some examples
of this is muddy water.

Activity 1.

Match the following with thei r proper classification by writing the letter of the correct ma tch in a separate
paper.

1. Orange juice A .Element

2. Granite rock B. Compound
3. Milk C. Homogeneous
4. Carbon dioxide D. Heterogeneous
5. Mercury

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Physical Properties: Properties that describe the look or feel of a substance Examples:

 color
 hardness
 density
 texture
 shape
 size
 phase (solid, liquid, gas)

Chemical properties. Properties that relate to the ability of a substance to react with other substances or to
transform from one substance to another. The chemical properties of a substance relate to its chemical composition
and the way the atoms in the molecules are chemically bonded together.

Examples:

 Iron will rust

 Baking soda will react with vinegar to produce carbon dioxide and water

Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter

Physical change is a change in form of a substance without a change in its identity. A substance may change in
phase (solid, liquid, or gas), or it may change in phase (solid,

liquid, gas), or it may change in some other physical property, but, its chemical composition does not change.

Examples

 Boiling water
 freezing of water
 Chewing of food
 Sharpening of a pencil
 Crystallization of sugar

Activity 2

Materials needed
 Ice
 Two glasses
 Sugar
 Old newspaper
 Clay

A. Crumple the old newspaper and then cut into small pieces Is the
crumpled paper still the old newspaper
Did you change the composition of the newspaper when you cut it
into pieces?

B. Cut some clay. Mold it into different shapes.

Did you change the composition of the clay when you molded it into different shapes?
.

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 C. Put some ice in a clean glass. Examine it every 3 minutes for half an hour.
Describe what happens to the ice.

As you have noticed, the following changes have happened in the different parts of the activity
(A) There was a change in the size and shape of the old newspaper.
(B) There was a change in the size and shape of the clay.
(C) There was a change in the phase of matter. From solid it turned into liquid.

Thus the observations suggest that changes in matter described in the activity are all physical change . Remember
also that the phase change are just physical changes. It therefore follows that the processes of evaporation,
melting, sublimation, freezing and deposition are just physical changes.
On the other hand, chemical change involves a change or alteration in the composition of matter that is further
characterized by the formation of new substance.

Chemical change is a change in the identity or chemical make -up of a substance. A change that involves a
rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded is a chemical change.

Examples:

 Digestion of food
 Combustibility- the ability to react with oxygen. Methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon
dioxide and water
 Electrolysis of water
 Reactivity - Methane reacts with oxygen the ability to be changed chemically Methane reacts with oxygen
because of its reaction with another chemical substance.
 Formation of a precipitate
 Change in odor
 Oxidation

Activity 3

Identify whether the given processes have undergone physical or chemical change

processes Physical/chemical reason

change
Frying chicken
Souring of milk
Charcoal heating
Leaves changing color
Melting of copper metal
Slicing potatoes for fries
Food molding

Evaluation

Write your answer in a separate paper. Do not write anything on the module. Choose the letter of the best answer to the
question.

1. The following are all matter except one, which one?

A. Radio
B. Television set
C. Sound
D. Fire

2. Burning wood is a chemical change. Breaking bone is a physical change.

A. Both statements are true
B. Both statements are false
C. The first statement is true while the second is false
D. The second statement is true while the first is false

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 3. Evaporation is a phase change from
A. gas lquid
B. liquid solid
C. liquid gas
D. solid gas

4. Which is an example of a chemical change?

A. dissolving oil in water
B. fermentation of fish
C. melting of ice cream
D. mixing coffee powder and hot water

5. Dynamite fishing is prohibited by law because

A. It harms the fishermen
B. It poisons the people who will eat the fish
C. It pollutes the water and living organisms
D. All of the above

For items 6-10 classify if physical or chemical change

6. Crystallization of sugar from sugar solution
7. Digestion of food
8. Formation of a precipitate
9. Melting of gold
10. Oxidation or rusting of steel wool in water

References
1. General Chemistry . 4th edition. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005.
2. Chemistry: Molecules, Matter, and Change . 4th edition. W.H Freeman and Company, New York.
. 3. http://.chem1.com/wbte/pre/matter.html

Developer: Engr. Lorina P. DEL Rosario

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