Solution Manual for An Integrated Approach to

Health Sciences Anatomy and Physiology, Math,

Chemistry and Medical Microbiology, 2nd Edition

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Solution Manual for An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences Anatomy and Physiology, Math,

Instructor’s Manual to Accompany An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, Second Edition 37

Chapter 10
The Respiratory System

CHAPTER RATIONALE
Students need to know this material because many patients whom they will encounter in a
health care setting will either suffer from impaired breathing or need to move more oxygen into
the blood or tissues. In the latter situation, breathing will need to increase because of the
increased demand for oxygen. Respiratory problems such as these can affect patients of all ages.

CHAPTER OUTLINE
System Overview
Major Structures of the Respiratory System
The Airways and the Lungs
The Involved Structures
Their Functions
The Upper Respiratory Tract
The Involved Structures
Their Functions
The Transition to Your Lower Airways
The Involved Structures
Their Functions
The Lower Respiratory Tract
The Involved Structures
Their Functions
The Mechanics of the Respiratory System
How We Breathe
The Involved Structures
How They Function

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Instructor’s Manual to Accompany An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, Second Edition 38

Respiration or Gas Exchange

The Involved Structures
How They Function
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Professional Profile: Respiratory Care

TEACHING HINTS
You may want to begin this chapter by having your students pinch their noses and try to
mouth breathe through narrow cocktail straws for a full 2 minutes. They will struggle to
accomplish this. Inform them that they are lucky because they can stop breathing this way
whenever they wish, but that patients having certain lung diseases breathe this way 24 hours a
day. You can go on to discuss how important it is to have a healthy respiratory system. Oh, and
don't forget to collect the straws immediately following this demonstration, or paper wads will be
flying everywhere!

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Do You Go to School or Work in a "Sick" Building?
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the cause of indoor air pollution and its
effects on individuals. The term sick-building syndrome has been used to describe a situation
wherein individuals working or living in the same building either have common complaints or
possess symptoms that they feel are caused by the building.
Symptoms most commonly associated with a "sick" building are:
a feeling that the office or room is "stuffy"
lethargy
fatigue
headaches
irritation of the eyes, nose, or throat
dry or itchy skin
odors
flu-like symptoms
colds
dizziness or nausea

It is important to note that if the sick building is a school or workplace, symptoms usually
disappear on weekends and reappear on Monday mornings.

It is often difficult to link a sick building to a specific causative agent. Several possible
sources of indoor air pollution have been identified, however. Pollution released inside a
building can include contaminants from copy machines, cleaning agents, pesticides, and cigarette

©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Instructor’s Manual to Accompany An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, Second Edition 39

smoke. (Specifically with regard to cigarette smoking, it is important to note that 4,500 new
cases of lung cancer are attributed annually to breathing secondhand cigarette smoke.
Researchers now believe that secondhand smoke is a contributing factor to increased heart
disease risk leading to an additional 45,000 deaths in the United States each year.) Even those
materials used to construct and maintain buildings and their furnishings (glues, paints, solvents,
formaldehyde, herbicides, etc.) can contribute to sick buildings. Bacteria, fungi, and microbial
products also appear to play a role in polluting schools and workplaces, especially under
conditions of high humidity or poorly maintained heating or cooling systems.

Outside contaminants that work their way into a building's ventilation system can include
exhaust from motor vehicles and smoke from incinerators or factories. Other contributing factors
can include inadequate delivery of air to all occupied office or student work areas; locating air
intakes near sources of exhaust or contamination; increasing the number of students or workers
in a given space; or renovating a classroom or office without giving consideration to the airflow
in the area.

Generally speaking, curing a sick building involves increasing ventilation, usually by adding
outdoor air. If this is not possible, it is important to improve the distribution efficiency of the
original ventilating air. Replacement of the offending furniture, carpeting, or curtains can bring
about immediate improvement in air quality. Because fungi can grow in foam rubber, polyester
stuffing may be a better alternative. An electrostatic precipitator can eliminate up to 95 percent
of airborne dust (such as that from chalkboards) and antigens (substances that can produce
allergic reactions). Books should ideally be kept in closed bookcases because they are dust
catchers and can collect mold. Mold growth can be held in check if humidity is kept at
approximately 40 percent. This is dry enough to prohibit mold growth, but not too dry to
decrease moisture in the respiratory tract. Finally, avoid using fume-producing felt-tipped pens
and markers; replace them with less noxious products.

While job productivity can drop dramatically as a result of poor indoor air quality, it
is important to note that, at this time, it is felt that working in a sick building does not
generally pose a primary health threat to the majority of workers. Individuals having
pre-existing diseases such as asthma or sensitivities to contaminants can suffer severe reactions,
however. This can lead to an increase in the number of sick days used, workmen's compensation
claims, or even job resignation. A sick building can also lead to anxiety and low morale, which
may affect one or two individuals or several hundred people all at once.

"Well, I guess I'll just stay home," you say. But what about the dust catchers in your own
home? These can include curtains, carpeting, stuffed animals, and unchanged filters in your
furnace or air conditioner. A major problem for asthmatics is the feces from dust mites.
Inhalation of these particles can cause asthmatic attacks. Compounding this problem is the fact
that people often will vacuum a room in an attempt to get rid of mites and their associated waste.
Often, all this accomplishes is to blow the waste into the air, making it easier for everyone to
inhale the particles! If dust mites are a problem in the home, use only hardwood or linoleum
flooring. Also, either utilize a vacuum that filters the particles it sucks up, or at least air out the
room immediately following the use of a standard vacuum.

©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Instructor’s Manual to Accompany An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, Second Edition 40

Another recent concern centers on the effects of radon gas. Radon is an odorless, tasteless
(which doesn't mean that it tells bad jokes!), and colorless radioactive gas. It is released from the
Earth's crust as a result of uranium's 4-billion-year decay cycle. Radon occurs naturally in our
atmosphere.

Radon cannot penetrate intact skin. Rather, a threat occurs when this gas seeps either into a
basement through cracks in the floor or walls, up through the drain, or out of a water spigot.
Radon then attaches itself to dust particles, which can be inhaled. Once in the lungs, radon can
lead to or aid in the development of lung cancer. It is important to note that this may occur only
after 20 to 30 years of high-level radon exposure. Still, the Centers for Disease Control predicts
that 18,000 new cases of lung cancer annually are directly related to radon exposure.

Not all houses and buildings have radon problems. Much depends on the geologic makeup of
the area, the amount of cracks in a basement, the building materials in a home, and the building's
rate of air exchange. A simple home test costing from $25.00 to $75.00 will measure the levels
of radon gas in your home. For more information, contact your local Environmental Protection
Agency office.

It is important to note that there is still much disagreement among medical experts regarding
the relationship between buildings and the sicknesses of the occupants. Much more research
needs to be conducted to unlock the secrets of this perplexing enigma.

LESSON PLAN
Class Presentation
PowerPoint®

• Slides created in PowerPoint® are available for Chapter 10.

Instructor’s Manual

• View the Teaching Hints for Chapter 10.

• Incorporate the Additional Information for Chapter 10 into your class presentation.

Review

Textbook

• Complete the chapter review exercises for Chapter 10.

• Read and complete the “Real Life Issues and Applications” for Chapter 10.
• Complete one or more of the additional activities for Chapter 10.

©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Solution Manual for An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences Anatomy and Physiology, Math,

Instructor’s Manual to Accompany An Integrated Approach to Health Sciences, Second Edition 41

Workbook

• Complete the practice questions and activities for Chapter 10.

StudyWARE™

• Watch the following animations in Chapter 10.

- Asthma
- Asthma in Child
• Watch the following videos in Chapter 10.
- Respiration
- Asthma Emergency
- Oxygen Therapy
- How to Use a Medicated Inhaler
• Complete the interactive exercises for Chapter 10.
• Complete the practice quiz for Chapter 10.

Mobile Downloads

• Download and listen to selected medical terms for Chapter 10.

Evaluation
StudyWARE™

• Have learners complete the quiz for Chapter 10, and then print and hand in their score results.

ExamView® Testbank

• Give learners the quiz for Chapter 10.

©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

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