The Impact of Smartphone Technology Usage on Academic Performance among the Senior

High School Students of Kin Yang Academy Inc. Academic Year 2022 – 2023

Submitted by:

Barba, Haylee Irish

Belga, Carlyn Mae
Cruz, Sheena Rose
Delmo, Shannelle Harvy
Del Remedio, Andrey
Melgarejo, Dave
Omila, Marc Jonas
 Chapter 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

A. Introduction

In the past few years, the usage of smartphones by students has become increasingly
popular, signaling the growing prevalence of technology integration in education. Nonetheless,
there is rising concern about how using a smartphone affects academic performance. This review
aims to examine the current literature on the topic of smartphone technology usage and its
impact on academic performance among Senior High School of Kin Yang Academy Inc.

Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the impact of smartphone technology
on academic performance, with mixed results. Junco and Cotten (2012) discovered that students
who often used smartphones for non-academic purposes had lower GPAs than those who used
them less frequently. In the same degree, Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) found that students
who used smartphones frequently for non-academic purposes had lower test scores than those
who used them less frequently.

However, not all studies have discovered a negative relationship between smartphone
technology use and academic performance. According to Lee (2017), smartphone technology use
has no significant impact on academic performance among college students.
Furthermore, Rosen et al. (2011) discovered that, while smartphone technology usage was
associated with poor academic performance, self-regulation and time management are two
factors that help moderate the relationship

Factors that Influence the Impact of Smartphone Technology Usage: The impact of
smartphone technology usage on academic performance is not solely dependent on the amount of
time spent on smartphones. Other factors, such as the type of activities performed on
smartphones and the individual's self-regulation and time management skills, may also play a
role.
 A study by Billieux et al. (2015) found that the frequency of smartphone use for leisure
activities was associated with lower academic performance, while the frequency of smartphone
use for academic activities was associated with higher academic performance. Furthermore, a
study by Kirschner and Karpinski (2010) found that students who used smartphones for
academic purposes had higher GPAs than those who did not

B. Statement of the Problem

Researchers will be examining the relationship between smartphone technology usage

and academic performance because it has been observed that the regular use of a smartphone by
a Senior High School student of Kin Yang Academy may have an outcome that needs to be dealt
with. This research aims to identify any variables that might moderate this connection. The
following crucial questions are what our research is looking to address:

1. How often do students spend their time using smartphones on a daily basis?
2. What are the circumstances encountered on using a smartphone that may affect a
student's life?
3. What are the positive and negative effects of smartphones on the academic performance
of the students?

C. Scope and Limitations

Our research aims to determine how students' daily lives are being affected by the use of
their smartphones, including any potential consequences on their mental health, time
management abilities, and most likely academic accomplishment.

To carry out this investigation, the researchers will mostly use quantitative tools. This
study will focus on the selected Grade 11 Senior High students of Kin Yang Academy Inc. A
school-wide survey with around 50 participants will serve as the study tool.
D. Significance of the Study

The way people communicate, learn, and interact with the world has been dramatically
amended with the widespread use of smartphones. Hence, this study aims to examine the impact
of smartphone technology usage on academic performance among Senior High School students
of Kin Yang Academy Inc. The study will benefit the people listed below:

For the students, this finding seeks to enlighten senior high school students on how smartphone
technology affects their academic performance. Making knowledgeable decisions related to
smartphones in academic work turns into easier for Senior High School students with the study's
help.

For the parents/guardians, it can benefit from the study through understanding the link
between smartphone technology and their children's academic performance. Parents can gain
insight on managing smartphone use among their children through this study.

For the teachers, this study aims to aid teachers in comprehending the effect of smartphones on
their students' academics. It will help them to design instructional strategies that can
accommodate the use of smartphones in the classroom.

For the school administrators, by comprehending the effects of smartphone technology on

academic success, school administrators may utilize this research to help them. Insights on
smartphone regulation in schools will be provided to school administrators through the study.

And, for the future researchers, it can help as their guide in making their first research and can
be the basis that a new theory in learning will use.
E. Hypotheses of the Study

The researcher's assumptions were formed through their formulated questions, and they
considered their expectations based on their anticipated results on the hypothesis:

1. How often do students spend their time using smartphones daily?

H 0: There is no significant difference in the amount of time students spend using smartphones
daily.
H1: There is a significant difference in the amount of time students spend using smartphones
daily.

2. What are the circumstances encountered on using a smartphone that may affect a
student's life?
H 0: There are no circumstances encountered in using a smartphone that can affect a student's
life
H1: There are circumstances encountered in using a smartphone that affect a student's life

3. What are the positive and negative effects of smartphones on the academic performance
of the students?
H0: There are no positive or negative effects of smartphones on the academic performance of the
students
H1: There have positive and negative effects of smartphones on the academic performance of the
students
F. Conceptual Framework

According to the conceptual framework adopted in this study there is a relationship

between the academic performance of senior high school students and their usage of smartphone
technology, whereas smartphone technology usage is the independent variable measured through
frequency and duration of use as well as the specific activities performed on smartphones within
this framework.
G. Definition of Terms

Academic performance - is the measurement of student achievement across various academic

subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using classroom
performance, graduation rates, and results from standardized tests.
Behavior - The way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others.
GPA (Great Point Average) - the average obtained by dividing the total number of grade points
earned by the total number of credits attempted
Impact - The action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another.
Moderate - avoiding extremes of behavior or expression : observing reasonable limits
Relationship - an aspect or quality (such as resemblance) that connects two or more things or
parts as being or belonging or working together or as being of the same kind
Smartphone - a cell phone that includes additional software functions (such as email or an
Internet browser
Student - someone who's learning at school or university : an attentive and systematic observer
Technology - the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in
industry.
Teenagers - also known as teens or adolescents. Generally, teenagers have finished elementary
school, are growing fairly quickly, and are in the last stage of development before they become
official adults
Usage - the action of using something or the fact of being used.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDY

Local Literature

Academic activities, including daily life, have become inseparable from smartphones.
Various researches have been done by scholars to assess how smartphone usage impacts
academic achievement.

Smartphone use may negatively affect academic performance, as reported by some

studies reviewed by Button (2021). Furthermore, this unfavorable influence was specifically
apparent among those who frequently utilize their smartphones for learning activities. Numerous
studies have investigated how using smartphones impacts academic performance. Many aspects
can influence the correlation between academic achievement and cell phone utilization. Studies
have shown various elements like length of time used on cell phones; fitting tasks with
technology; student's restraint towards utilizing cellphones; their purpose behind utilizing them;
their personality traits regarding cell phone activity; FOMO (fear-of-missing-out); involvement
in Social Media. Besides, a number of surveys have demonstrated that the bond amid utilizing
smartphones and scholastic performance is not perpetually negative.

The effect that using smartphones has on the academic performance of students was
studied by Peters, De Vera, and Laguna (2022). Researchers identified participants and evaluated
their use of smartphones during classes through stratified random sampling. The respondents
were found to have satisfactory performance and frequently utilized their smartphones during
classes. According to the study, using smartphones has a minor negative correlation with
academic performance, but no noteworthy association was found. The researchers suggest that
teachers should regulate students' gadget usage during classes to guarantee that their scholastic
performance remains unaffected based on their findings.

In a study conducted by Cañares et al. (2022), it was found that there is a significant
negative relationship between Internet usage and academic performance in Science among Grade
5 pupils in a middle-class school in the Philippines. Using the descriptive method of research, the
study involved ten selected Grade 5 pupils from the school who were given journals to track their
Internet usage. The study recommends that teachers be trained on the proper usage and
integration of the Internet in the school and that parents should supervise their child's Internet
usage at home.

The paradigm that the previous educational system operated within has changed,
according to a study by the Child Hope Organization of the Philippines (2021). In the past,
students had to visit the library and read thick books in order to obtain the information they
required. In the 20th century, a short internet search for a particular item could yield hundreds of
results. The state of technology is constantly changing and progressing. Modern life is
impossible without electronic devices, including computers, laptops, cellphones, and tablets.
These are no longer merely for amusement. They are currently heavily utilized by the education
sector in our country. It is becoming clearer how crucial technology is to education and how
effective it is.

Alson and Misagal (2016) examined how college students at the University of Perpetual
Help-Calamba used their smartphones in two distinct colleges. The study found that students
utilized smartphones for a variety of activities, including interacting on social media platforms
and academic activities like taking notes and doing research. Another common usage was for
entertainment purposes, such as listening to music and taking pictures. The survey additionally
discovered that women were more likely than men to be smartphone addicts.

Foreign Literature

According to Fikret Sözbilir Muhammed and Kürşad Dursun (2018), the advancement of
technology has also led to increased smartphone usability; at one point, it was one of the most
significant communication tools of our time. Users have become so engrossed in their
smartphones that they have begun to treat them as if they were clothing. Smartphone
development has rapidly spread throughout the world, and because of that, the bulk of earlier
models of smartphones have been phased off the market.

According to a study by Meehyun Yoon and Heoncheol Yun (2021), every individual
owns a smartphone these days, and as it has become an integral part of daily adolescent life, they
have been drawn to the world of smart gadgets by the current trends of rapid information access
and the simplicity of managing everything while on the go. It is essential to understand the ways
they are using them and the various controls that are needed. Their patterns and connections with
self-control, achievement goals, and performance at school have been investigated among
adolescent subpopulations. As part of a significant longitudinal panel study, information was
gathered from 2341 high school students in grade S. Three separate smartphone usage profiles
were discovered by latent profile analysis: learning, use for leisure purposes, and little use.

According to Sharon Horwood and Jeromy Anglim (2019), despite the numerous
advantages that the smartphone provides, such as social connectivity, safety, task efficiency, and
entertainment, to the point where it has become a form of escapism for others in their lives,
multiple studies have found that its usage has become excessive to the point where it has a
negative impact on people's daily lives. It appears likely that relying on smartphones constantly
can become a way of experiencing anxiety, depression, and feeling out of control, along with a
tendency to use unhealthy coping mechanisms and compulsive behavior.

According to Santhi Venkatapathy and Rajesh Bhargavan (2020), young people are the
first to learn about any new technology. Their usage of smartphones is profoundly changing how
they communicate with one another and has a big impact on their academic and social lives as
well. Teenagers carry a smartphone with them at all times, and it has evolved into a symbol of
status. They showed that a mobile phone could potentially be added to the current crop of
fashionable accessories that satisfies the urge for creativity by choosing its wallpaper, ringtones,
phone cover, carry bag, and any other accessories needed for the device. Almost 60% of
teenagers were eager to upgrade their phones because of the device's appearance, functions, and
custom accessories.

A study found by Manvin Kaur Kuldip Singh & Narina A. Samah (2018) several
individuals currently utilize smartphones in many different kinds of contexts, especially in
educational institutions. It can be utilized for academic purposes to introduce young ones to the
world of knowledge because they can now quickly and readily access a range of material with
just a click. Because they always have internet access due to their internet-enabled smartphones,
students can more easily access online academic resources at any time. However, consuming an
excessive amount of time on mobile phones can have a detrimental effect on the connection
between education and smartphones. Due to their attachment to their smartphones, teens and
young adults right now think they are unable to live without them. Smartphone addiction can
lead to an increase in particular behavioral as well as psychological problems.
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the research design and methodology used to investigate the
impact of smartphone technology usage on academic performance among senior high school
students at Kin Yang Academy. The research design includes the sampling procedure, research
period, data gathering, research instruments, and statistical treatment.

A. Research Design

This research follows a quantitative approach, employing numerical data and statistical
analysis techniques. Its main objective is to investigate the effects of smartphone usage.
Consequently, it can be classified as a descriptive-causal study. The descriptive aspect focuses on
understanding the current situation, while the causal component aims to determine the
cause-and-effect relationship between smartphone usage and its impacts.

B. Data Gathering

This research's data gathering mechanism is via the use of a survey questionnaire and the
means of administering the questionnaire to participants is through an online platform. Electronic
devices like smartphones can be used by the participants to fill out the survey through a provided
link.

C. Respondents

The study focuses on senior year high school students of Kin Yang Academy, and fifty
(50) respondents will be selected from both grade 11 and grade 12 students to help the
researchers find the answer to the question they have been looking for in the research they
conducted.

D. Sampling Procedure

A simple random sampling technique will be used to select fifty (50) from the overall
four hundred seventy seven (477) population of senior high school students at Kin Yang
Academy Inc. The participants will be randomly selected from a list of senior high school
students at the school.
 E. Research Period

The study we are conducting, titled "The Impact of Smart Phone Usage on Academic
Performance Among the Senior High School Students of Kin Yang Academy Inc.," took place
from 2022 to 2023. During that time, we collected data, performed statistical analysis, as well as
worked on the publication. In 2022, we started gathering the data, and it continued until 2023.
Before that, there was a brief period before we finished it.

F. Instrument/s to be Used

There will be two sections in the survey questionnaire. Demographic data about the
participants, including their age, academic level, and frequency of smartphone usage, will be
gathered in the first section. Data will be collected in the second section regarding the academic
performance of the participants and their utilization of smartphone technology. Participants will
be asked about the activities they engage in using their smartphones, including social media,
gaming, or educational purposes. In addition to inquiring about the frequency and duration of
smartphone use, the questionnaire will also assess participants' perception of how smartphone
use affects their academic performance.

G. Statistical Treatment

The total of three (3) various techniques will be used by researchers throughout the
statistical analysis. The weighted mean pertains to an average that is produced by giving varied
values to several different data points. Chi-square will be used to know the difference between
the anticipated results and the value that is observed and assess how well the data match the
range. Hypotheses testing will be conducted to determine whether the hypotheses is accurate.