Department of Plant Breading and Genetics

College of Agriculture & Food Science

Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City Leyte 6521-A

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Pbre 11: Agricultural Botany (Laboratory)

Exercise 8
SEEDS

RECHEL V.BELMORES
June 2023
INTRODUCTION

The seed is the embryonic stage of the plant life which consists of three parts the
embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. Embryo is a tiny plant that has root, stem, and
leaf. Endosperm is a nutritive tissue of the seed and seed coat is the protective
covering that helps the seeds remain viable for a long time. Some seeds can be
eaten includes peanut, beans and peas. Some spices ingredients are from seed
such as mustard, and nutmeg.

Seeds are important features of the seed plants which are subdivided into
gymnosperms or naked eye seeds and angiosperms flowering plants with seed that
enclosed in ovaries. Seeds have different variety in shapes and sizes and a lot of a
variation relates to dispersal mechanism. Examples of seed dispersal are zoochory,
anemochory, hydrology, and antochory. Despite the importance of seeds in life of
plants as food for human other animals and about the genetic control of the growth
and development of seeds.

OBJECTIVES

a) To identify the basic parts of a seed

b) To differentiate monocot seed and a dicot seed

c) To compute percent seed germination

d) To identify the different seed dispersal mechanism in plant

MATERIALS

60 pcs. mungbean seed

60 pcs. Corn seed

60 pcs.petri dish

Cloth

Distilled water
METHODOLOGY

a) The seeds (corn, mungbean) were divided into three groups and each group has
10 pcs of seed. Each 10 pcs of seed was layout onto the cloth with proper spacing
and each seed was not overlapped. Then the cloth rolled without disarranging the
seed and it was sprinkled with water to moisten set up. The seed was incubated on
the room temperature until the seed was germinated.

b) In a petri dish method, tissue paper was placed on a petri dish then the 10 seeds
(corn, mugbean) placed inside with proper spacing and overlapped of seed avoided.
Then the seed inside the perti dish that contained tissue paper was moistened with
distilled water and covered. Lastly the seed was incubated on a temperature room.

DATA AND DISCUSSION

Percent seed germination

Crop Type of Total no. of Total no. of Average

germination test seed sown seed percent
germinated germination
Corn Ragdoll method 30 23 76.67%
Petri dish method 30 20 66.67%
Mungbean Ragdoll method 30 27 90%
Petri dish method 30 30 100%

% seed germination= # of seed germinated x100

Total # seed sown

20
= 30 x100

= 66.67%

% seed germination= # of seed germinated x100

Total # seed sown

30
= x100
30

= 100%
% seed germination= # of seed germinated x100

Total # seed sown

23
= x 100
30

=76.67%

% seed germination= # of seed germinated x100

Total # seed sown

27
= x 100
30

=90%

A) Petri dish method B) Ragdoll method

Day1 Day2 Day3 Day4 Day5 Day5

M1-0 10 10 10 10 M1-13
M2-0 10 10 10 10 M2-11
M3-0 10 10 10 10 M3-12
C1-0 1 7 7 9 C1-8
C2-0 2 8 8 8 C2-5
C3-0 0 2 3 3 C3-10

The corn was germinated faster in a petri dish method rather than in ragdoll method
as well as the mungbean. The mungbean in day two was grown until the last day
before it was transplanted and also the corn on day two it seems to grow and others
are not. In this method there are some seed did not grow it’s because maybe it don’t
get enough water. In computation of the average percent germination of the seed
that was germinated on the petri dish method corn has the average of 66.67% and in
mungbean was 100%. In ragdoll method germination the corn has 76.67% and
mungbean has 90%.

The basic part of the seed are embryo, endosperm and seed coat were embryo is a
tiny plant that has roots, stem and leaves and endosperm is a nutritive tissue and a
protective covering is also called a seed coat. Monocot seed has only one seed leaf
inside the seed coat and it s often thin leaf. Dicot seed have two seed leaves inside
the seed coat and they are usually round and flat. In monocot seed the endosperm
feed the new plant is not inside of the leaf where as in dicot seed it contains the
endosperm to feed the embryo plant.

The different seed dispersal mechanism in plant is zoochory/ animal dispersed,

anemochory dispersed by wind, hydrochory dispersed by water, and anthochory
dispersed by plant itself.

CONCLUSION

The student concludes that seed is important because it is a byproduct to grow into
another plant and so keep the species going. Dispersal often helps them to spread
away from the plant itself. The seeds also need oxygen, water and warmth for
germination. Not all plants produced seed but those that do often rely on these seed
to replicate themselves over successive seasons. Seed are more immerse biological
and economic growth.

REFERENCE

Zumajo C. & Kelly L.(2021) “What is seed” . Retrieved May 25, 2023 from https

: //www.nyo.org.com