The Army of Hesse-Cassel in the American Revolution

From the original contemporary prints in the state archives at Marburg, Germany

THE PLATES
Standards
1. Regiment Landgraf
2. Leib Regiment
3. Regiment Prinz Carl
4. Regiment Erb Prinz
5. Regiment Alt Von Lossberg
6. Regiment Von Knyphausen
7. Regiment Von Ditfurth
8. Regiment Von Bose
9. Regiment Jung Von :Lossberg
10. Garde Regiment
The Uniforms
11. Regiment Colson Bünau
12. Regiment Erb Prinz
13. Regiment Jung-Lossberg
14. Regiment Rall Angelelli
15. Regiment Wissenbach Knoblauch
16. Regiment Huyn Benning
17. Regiment Porbeck Stein Seitz
18. Regiment Knyphausen Donop
19. Regiment Donop Knyphausen
20. Regiment Prinz Frederich Erb Prinz
21. Regiment Erb Prinz Leib Regiment
22. Regiment Alt Lossberg
23. Regiment Prinz Carl
24. Regiment Bose
25. Leib Regiment Landgraf
26. Regiment Ditfurth
27. Artillery Regiment
28. 2nd Gar!! õde Battalion
29. 3rd Gard Battalion
30. Jaeger Corps
Notes to the plates:
While several German States...Anhalt-Zerbst, Anspach-Bayreuth, Brunswick, Hanover,
Hesse-Hanau, and Waldeck...also supplied troops to supplement the British troops in the American
Revolution, most troops...16,992 officers and men...were furnished by Hesse-Cassel. Less than two-
thirds of these men returned to Europe.
The treaty signed 15th January, 1776 provided for 12,500 men in fifteen regiments of foot,
four battalions of grenadiers, and two companies of Chasseurs or Jaegers. Each foot regiment had
twenty-one commissioned officers, sixty non-commissioned officers, five non-combatant or staff
officers,twenty-two musicians,and five hundred and twenty-five men. The grenadier battalions had
sixteen commissioned officers, forty-four non coms, one staff, twenty musicians, and four hundred
and twenty men in its four companies. These compa!! !nies were furnished by the fourteen foot
regiments other than the Grenadier Regiment Rall, plus a grenadier company from each of the 2nd
and 3rd Battalions of the Landgraf’s Guard. Seemingly ignored was the Hesse-Cassel Artillery, each
of whose three companies was to have five officers, one staff, fourteen non-coms, three drummers,
and one hundred and twenty-nine men.
The Fuzilier Regiment Erb Prinz arrived in August 1776, became a Musketeer Regiment in
1780, and changed its name to the Regiment Prinz Friedrich in 1783 with the Leib Regiment
assuming the title Erb Prinz.
The Musketeer Regiment von Donop arrived in August of 1776 and left New York in
November of 1783.
The Regiment von Mirbach, for whom we have no plate as such, became the Regiment Jung
Lossberg in 1780 and was among the last to leave in November of 1783.
The Leib Regiment, whose Colonel-in-Chief was the Landgraf Friedrich II, is frequently
referred to as the regiment Du Corps, and as we have mentioned became Erb Prinz in 1783.
The Regimen!! Ñt Prinz Carl, whose Colonel-in -Chief was Prince Carl of Hesse-Cassel, was
part of the first embarkation and served here until returning home in November 1783.
The Fuzilier Regiment von Ditfurth was also among the first arrivals, served on Rhode
Island in 1778 and 1779, sailed for Charleston in 1780, and embarked for New York from there on
11 December, 1782, returning home in August of 1783.
The Regiment von Trumbach, for whom we have no plate as such, was returned as the
Regiment von Bose as early as February of 1778. It remained behind when Howe moved to
Philadelphia in 1777 and served in the taking of the Highland Forts in October of that year.
The Grenadier Regiment Rall had a short life. They were destroyed at Trenton in December
of 1776. With the Regiments Lossberg and Knyphausen also decimated at Trenton it became what
has been called the Combined Battalion finally losing that!! i name by November of 1777 when it
became the Woellworth Brigade. In April of 1778 the late Trenton prisoners were formed into two
battalions as the Regiment von Woellwarth which became the Regiment Trumbach alt Woellwarth
in November and considered a Garrison Regiment although Baurmeister still refers to it as the
Regiment von Woellwarth. It was part of the force which took Savannah in December of 1779 and
remained there until ordered to Charleston in May of 1780. On 1st of September, 1780 the Journal
of the Society for Army Historical Research at page 20 of Volume XVI refers to this corps as De
Angelelli (late Trumbach) and has them in the Carolinas with Cornwallis. They finally embarked
for New York on 11th December, 1782 and left for home in August of 1783.
 The Fuzilier Regiments of Knyphausen and Lossberg were part of Rall’s Brigade at Trenton
in 1776 and ! ‰became part of the Combined Battalion until reformed in November of 1778. Both
regiments sailed for Quebec in September of 1779 and sustained severe losses in a storm at sea.
Some returned to New York, others got to Quebec and finally Halifax. Both finally returned home
in 1783.
The Garrison Regiments which sailed for New York late in June of 1776 were four in
number and the next four shown here.
The Garrison Regiment von Bunau served at the taking of Fort Washington and a few days
later sailed for Rhode Island and did not return to New York until October of 1779. They
embarked for home in August of 1783.
The Garrison Regiment von Wissenbach did not go to Rhode Island and had too many ill or
dead to go to Philadelphia with Howe!! E. They did accompany the force that took Savannah in
December of 1778 and continued to serve as garrison troops in the South until becoming the
Regiment von Knoblauch in June of 1780 and returning to New York in August of 1782. In July of
1783 they were still part of the New York garrison.
The Garrison Regiment von Huyn served at Fort Washington and went to Rhode Island
with von Bunau and with them returned to New York. They sailed for the South with Clinton in
December of 1779 and remained at Charleston as part of the garrison. On von Huyn’s death in July
of 1780 it became the Regiment von Benning, continuing in Charleston until it returned to New
York in December of 1782. It left for home on 12th August, 1783.
The Garrison Regiment von Stein did not go either to Rhode Island or Philadelphia but
remained in New York as par!! t of the Garrison. It became the regiment von Seitz on Stein’s death
in February of 1778. In October it sailed for Halifax and remained there becoming the Regiment
von Porbeck at Seitz’s death in December of 1782. It left for home in November of 1783.
The First Company of the Jaeger Corps commanded by Captain Carl August von Wreden
arrived here in time for the Battle of Long Island and was joined by Johann Ewald’s Second
Company which disembarked at New Rochelle on 22 of October of 1776 and sustained casualties
the next day at Mile Square. By the Winter of 1777 the Establishment had been raised to 1,067
men in five companies one of which was mounted. Anspach and Hanau also furnished companies
to this corps. They served in every theater of the war in America and left here with th!! e other
Hessian troops in November of 1783.
Bob Cowan, 1997

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 Spanish Soldiers
in the American Revolution
Vol. I
Having lost the Seven Years War to the British the France having lost most of its
interests in the New World gave Spain the Louisiana Colony as compensation for losses
it suffered as an ally. When the revolt of the colonies began Spain and France saw a
perfect opportunity for revenge against the British.
France openly supported the rebellion with money and supplies. Spain, wanting
to be less conspicuous fearing the might of the English Navy began by offering
clandestine support through France and by offering colonial ships safe harbor in its
ports. The shipyard at Havana was one of the most important.
Finally in 1779 open hostilities began and the Spanish governor of Louisiana,
Bernardo de Galvez put together an army from his colonists, the local militias of both
whites and free blacks and troops from Mexico. In less than a year with his small army
he took control of entire Gulf region from Louisiana to Mobile where he conquered the
city on March 14, 1780. Soon with more troops from Spain and Havana under the
command of Marshal Manuel de Gagigal the British fort and garrison at Pensacola was
defeated and the British lost forever the ability to supply their troops from the south. A
decisive factor in ending the war in favor of the Colonies.
We are proud to offer these never before published prints taken from original
watercolors depicting the numerous troops: regular and militia, white and black, that
played such an important and yet little know part in the establishment of the United
States.

1. Royal Artillery Standard Bearer, Louisiana 1781

2. Galvez' Army, 1780, Guadalajara 10 Regt.
3. New Orleans Battalion of Disciplined Militia, 1780
4. German Coast Militia Infantry Regiment, Louisiana 1768-92
5. Distinguished Company of Carabiniers, Militia of New Orleans 1779
6. Mississippi River Volunteers 1782
7. Dragoons of America (Havana) 1780
8. Galvez' Army, 1780, Drummer, 2nd Regt. Cataluna Volunteers
9. Galvez' Army, Spanish Infantry Regiment 15, 1780
10.Galvez' Army, Officer Ynmemorial del Rey 1. Regt.
11. Galvez' Army 1780, Grenadier Soria 8, Navarra 25, and Aragon 28 Infantry
Regiments
12. Galvez' Army 1780, Grenadier, Toledo 16 and Flandes 38 Infantry Regiments
13. Galvez' Army 1780, Mallorca Infantry Regiment, Officer
14. Marine Infantry 1780
15. Galvez Army Sapper, 2nd Infantry Regiment
www.uniformology.com
105 Coates Trail
Weatherford, Texas 76087 USA
 Spanish Soldiers
in the American Revolution
Vol. II
Having lost the Seven Years War to the British the France having lost most of its
interests in the New World gave Spain the Louisiana Colony as compensation for losses
it suffered as an ally. When the revolt of the colonies began Spain and France saw a
perfect opportunity for revenge against the British.
France openly supported the rebellion with money and supplies. Spain, wanting
to be less conspicuous fearing the might of the English Navy began by offering
clandestine support through France and by offering colonial ships safe harbor in its
ports. The shipyard at Havana was one of the most important.
Finally in 1779 open hostilities began and the Spanish governor of Louisiana,
Bernardo de Galvez put together an army from his colonists, the local militias of both
whites and free blacks and troops from Mexico. In less than a year with his small army
he took control of entire Gulf region from Louisiana to Mobile where he conquered the
city on March 14, 1780. Soon with more troops from Spain and Havana under the
command of Marshal Manuel de Gagigal the British fort and garrison at Pensacola was
defeated and the British lost forever the ability to supply their troops from the south. A
decisive factor in ending the war in favor of the Colonies.
We are proud to offer these never before published prints taken from original
watercolors depicting the numerous troops: regular and militia, white and black, that
played such an important and yet little know part in the establishment of the United
States.

1. Spanish Standards of the American Revolution

2. Spanish Uniform Rank Distinctions
3. Drummer Regt. Zamora. Soldier, Regt. Extremadura
4. Spanish Naval Captain
5. Governor Galvez and the Galvez Coat of Arms
6. Drum Major and Coat of Arms, Regt. Infantry of Louisiana
7. Louisiana Infantry Regiment and Standard
8. Don Estevan Mire, General of the Louisiana Regt of Infantry
9. Standard Bearer Louisiana Infantry Regiment with Standard
10.Company of Grenadiers of the Louisiana Infantry Regiment
11.Spanish Frontier Dragoon, Leather Shield, and Royal Standard of New Spain
12.Standard Bearer and Standard of the Walloon Guards
13.Dragoon of the Regiment Sagunto
14.Infantryman Regiment Cantabria
15.Officer and Standard Royal Body of Artillery 1780
www.uniformology.com
105 Coates Trail
Weatherford, Texas 76087 USA