Introduction  Histopathology Request

o Name, Date requested, Date of birth, admission/ case No.,

 Histopathology- branch of histology concerned with the effects of disease
address of patient, Age/sex, civil status, Room umber, Referring
on the microscopic structure of tissue.
Department
 History
o Clinical Impression- samples looks like after surgery.
o Early 1800: Introduction of Pathology
o Operation/ procedure performed
o ________________: founder of Pathology
o ________________: father of pathology Type of specimen- specimen container must be lack by twisting
o ________________: discoverer of formalin
o Brief clinical date
 Histotecnique
o Tentative pre-operative and post-operative findings
 Autopsy
o Requesting physician’s name and signature
 Pathologist
 Specimen container
o Full patient name
o Medical Record number
o Age and sex
Functions of a Histopathology and Cytology Section o Type of specimen
o Date and time of collection
 Gross and microscopic examination of resected specimen and biopsies by
 Rejection Criteria
histopathologists of tissue diagnosis
o Unlabelled or wrong label on the container
o Fresh Tissue Processing
o Incomplete patient information or history
o Preserved Tissue processing
o Specimen left unfixed
o Preparation of Cryoections
o Putrefied specimen
o Histochemical staining
o Damage specimen
o Immunohistochemistry
o Insufficient sample
o Electro microscopy
o In-situ Hybridization and Immunofluorence
 Physical plant
B. Accessioning
o Tissue processor, tissue embedding table, microtome, Tissue
 Choose appropriate logbooks
warming plate, tissue flotation bath, slide stainer or glass for
 Assigning of lab number/unique number
manual staining

C. Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance in Histopathology and Cytology Section  Histopathology record:
A. Checking of Documents  Signatories
  Specimen handling 6. Shave Biopsy- removing of thin
 Turn around time of results  Where small fragments of tissue are shaved from a surface
o Surgical pathology and cytopathology: 3-5 days 7. Curreting- curette(instrument used)
o Frozen section: 5-15 minutes  Tissue is scooped or spooned to remove tissue or growths from
o Autopsy result: 1 week body cavity such as endometrium or cervical canal.
 Storage time
o Specimen: 3-4 weeks to up to 1 year
Methods of Fresh Tissue Examination
o Tissue blocks: 10 years 1. Teasing/Dissociation-
o Slide: indefinitely  Aka: Dissection or Separation
o Malignant: whole and tinatanggal  NSS or Ringer’s Lactate solution
o Benign: portion lang  Examined Stained or unstained
 Disadvantage: Anatomical relationship may get destroyed
2. Squash preparation of Crushing- small piece of tissue is less than 1 mm
Methods of tissue preparation for histopathologic study and placed bet. 2 microscopic slide
 Slice of tissue must be less than 1mm
A. Fresh Tissue Examination
 Tissue is placed bet. 2 slides
Specimen Processed in FTE
 Stained with vital stain
1. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)- no anesthesia
3. Smearing- used for cytologic studies
 Simplest and least invasive method
 Streaking: uniform distribution in Zigzag manner
 Collection of samples in limps or mass in the body
 Spreading- used in thick or mucoid specimen
2. Core Needle Biopsy
 Pull apart/ wedge method
 Used when large samples is needed
4. Touch preparation or impression smear
 Used to diagnose breast abnormalities, prostate issues and various
 Surface of freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into contact and
other suspicious masses
pressed on the surface of a clean glass slide
3. Incisional Biopsy
B. Conventional tissue processing
 Removal of a small portion of tissue from a larger mass
 Described the various steps required to take the tissue from
 Results can provide information for treatment planning and
fixation to the state where is completely infiltrated with fixation
further management
to the state where is completely infiltrated with suitable
4. Excisional Biopsy
histological wax and can be embedded for section cutting on the
 Removal of entire area affected
microtome
 Preferred when suspicious area if malignancy is high
5. Punch Biopsy- comparable to core needle biopsy
 Primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full thickness skin
specimens.
 Uses a circular blade Steps of Conventional Tissue Processing
1. Fixation of tissues
 Process by which the cells or tissues are fixed in chemical and
partly physical state
 Results in the denaturation and coagulation of proteins in the
tissue
 Aims of fixation-to preserve the tissue as close to their living
state as possible, to prevent tissues from changing their shape
and size during processing, to harden the tissue, to allow clear
staining of sections
 Mechanism of Fixation
o Additive fixative
 Chemically alter the tissue by bonding with it and
adding themselves to the tissue
 Formaldehyde, mercuric chloride, chromium
trioxide, picric acid, glutaraldehyde, osmium
tetroxide and zinc sulfate
o Non-additive fixatives
 Act on tissue without chemically combining with
it
 Acetone and alcohol