9

Technology and
Livelihood Education
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
Quarter 1-Module 1
LO 1: PERFORMING COMPUTER
OPERATIONS (PCO)
Lesson 4: Storage Devices and Work Ergonomic

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
 LEARNING OUTCOME COMPETENCIES & CODE
(LO)
2. Input data into computer 1.1 Enter the data into the computer using
appropriate program/application in accordance
with company procedures
1.2 Check the accuracy of information and save the
information in accordance with standard
operating procedures
1.3 Store inputted data is in storage media
according to requirements
1.4 Perform work within ergonomic guidelines
(TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5)

What Do You Already Know?

Let us determine how much you already know about the process on how to enter the
data into the computer using MS-Word application and print out data.
Pretest LO2 (Continuation)
A. Classify storage devices
Directions. Classify the following items as to primary and secondary storage devices.
Write your answer in your answer sheet using a tabular template shown below.

Random Access Memory Hard Disk Drive

Floppy Diskette CD-ROM disc
DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW disc USB flash drive
Secure Digital (SD) Card

Primary Storage Devices Secondary Storage Devices

B. Modified True or False

Directions. In computer ergonomics, which of the following portrays a correct (True)
and wrong (False) practice? Write your answers on a whole sheet of paper.

1. Adjust armrests so your arms gently rest on them with your shoulders relaxed.
2. Adjust the height of your chair so that your feet rest flat on the floor or on a
footrest and your thighs are parallel to the floor.
3. Alternate the hand you use to operate the mouse by moving the mouse to the other
side of your keyboard.

2
 4. Raise chair if the desk is too high and can't be adjusted.
5. Keep key objects close to your body to minimize reaching.
6. Place your mouse within easy reach and on the same surface as your keyboard.
7. Stand up to reach anything that can't be comfortably reached while sitting.
8. The monitor should be not be directly behind your keyboard.
9. Use a footrest to support your feet as needed.
10. Do not use keyboard shortcuts because it cannot reduce mouse use.

What To Know?

What is this Module About?

This module deals with the storage devices and work ergonomic.

What Will You Learn?

At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. define storage devices and work ergonomic;
2. identify the different storage devices;
3. classify primary and secondary storage devices;
4. identify computer ergonomics; and
5. demonstrate computer ergonomics procedures.

Information Sheet 4

Directions: Read the Information Sheet 4 with comprehension and find out how much
you can remember and how much you learned by doing the tasks given.

Definition
11. Alternatively referred to as digital storage, storage, storage media, storage
medium or a storage device. This refers to any hardware capable of holding
information either temporarily or permanently.

Two Types of Storage Devices

A. Primary Storage Device. Generally smaller in size and these are designed to hold data
temporarily and are internal to the computer. They have the fastest data access speed,
and include RAM and cache memory.
Example Illustration
Random Access Memory (RAM). Alternatively
referred to as main memory, primary memory,
or system memory. It is a hardware device that
allows information to be stored and retrieved on a
computer. RAM is usually associated with DRAM,
which is a type of memory module. Because data is
accessed randomly instead of sequentially like it is
on a CD or hard drive, access times are much

3
faster. RAM is a volatile memory and requires
power to keep the data accessible. If the computer
is turned off, all data contained in RAM is lost.
B. Secondary Storage Device (removable, internal and external). These usually have
large storage capacity, and they store data permanently.
Example Illustration
1. Magnetic storage devices. Most common types of storage used with computers.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD). Also known as a hard
drive, HD, or HDD) can be found installed in
almost every desktop computer and laptop. It stores
files for the operating system and software
programs, as well as user documents, such as
photographs, text files, and audio. The hard drive
uses magnetic storage to record and retrieve digital
information to and from one or more fast-spinning
disks.
Floppy diskette. Also know as a diskette or floppy.
This is another type of storage medium that uses
magnetic storage technology to store information.

2. Optical storage devices. It uses lasers and lights as its method of reading and
writing data.
CD-ROM disc. The compact disc, known for short
as a CD, is a form of optical storage, a technology
which employs lasers and lights to read and write
data. Initially compact discs were used purely for
music audio, but it began to be used for computer
data storage. Initially, the compact discs that were
introduced were CD-ROM's (read only), but this
was followed by CD-R's (writable compact discs)
and CD-RW's (re-writable compact discs).
DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW
disc. The DVD (digital versatile disc) and Blu-ray
disc (BD) are formats of digital optical disc data
storage which have superseded compact discs,
mainly because of their much greater storage
capacity. A Blu-ray disc, for example, can store 25
GB (gigabytes) of data on a single-layer disc and
50 GB on a dual-layer disc. In comparison, a
standard CD is the same physical size, but only
holds 700 MB (megabytes) of digital data.
3. Flash memory devices. It replaces most magnetic and optical media as it becomes
cheaper because it is the more efficient and reliable solution.
USB flash drive, jump drive, or thumb drive. It
is a small, ultra-portable storage device. It is
connected to computers and other devices via a
built-in USB Type-A or USB-C plug, making a

4
 flash drive a kind of combination USB device and
cable.

Secure Digital (SD) Card. A tiny flash memory

card designed for high-capacity memory and
various portable devices, such as car navigation
systems, cellular phones, e-books, PDAs,
smartphones, digital cameras, music players, digital
video camcorders and personal computers.

Work Ergonomic

Definition & Purpose

• Ergonomics is a field of study that attempts to reduce strain, fatigue, and injuries by
improving product design and workspace arrangement. The goal is a comfortable,
relaxed posture.
Steps on Computer Ergonomics
Get started making your sitting workstation comfortable with this visual guide to
sitting workstation ergonomics.

Chair
1. Select a chair that supports your spinal curves.
2. Adjust the height of your chair so that your feet rest flat on the floor or on a footrest and
your thighs are parallel to the floor.
3. Adjust armrests so your arms gently rest on them with your shoulders relaxed.
Key objects
4. Keep key objects close to your body to minimize reaching (stapler or printed materials).
5. Stand up to reach anything that can't be comfortably reached while sitting.
Keyboard and mouse
6. Place your mouse within easy reach and on the same surface as your keyboard.
7. Keep your wrists straight, your upper arms close to your body, and your hands at or
slightly below the level of your elbows while typing or using your mouse.
8. Use keyboard shortcuts to reduce extended mouse use.

5
 9. Adjust the sensitivity of the mouse so you can use a light touch to operate it (if
possible).
10. Alternate the hand you use to operate the mouse by moving the mouse to the other side
of your keyboard.
Footrest
11. If your chair is too high for you to rest your feet flat on the floor-or the height of your
desk requires you to raise the height of your chair-use a footrest. If a footrest is not
available, try using a small stool or a stack of sturdy books instead.
Desk
12. Under the desk, make sure there's clearance for your knees, thighs and feet.
13. If the desk is too low and can't be adjusted, place sturdy boards or blocks under the
desk legs.
14. If the desk is too high and can't be adjusted, raise your chair.
15. Use a footrest to support your feet as needed.
16. If your desk has a hard edge, pad the edge or use a wrist rest. Don't store items under
your desk.
Monitor
17. Place the monitor directly in front of you, about an arm's length away. The top of the
screen should be at or slightly below eye level.
18. The monitor should be directly behind your keyboard.

What To Process?

Task 1. Performance Test

A. Directions. Identify the following storage devices.

1.____________________ 2.__________________ 3._________________

4.__________________ 5.__________________ 6._________________

6
 What To Reflect & Understand?

Task 1. Let’s Watch! (Optional Activity)

Directions: Watch the video clip titled Health and safety authority (HSA) -
correct sitting position at a desktop computer downloaded from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcsoeDpUSrs. Be able to make self-practice on the
correct sitting position at a desktop computer.

What To Transfer?

Task 1: I Can Make It!

Directions. Based on your self-practice on the previous activity, demonstrate the correct
sitting position at a desktop computer and be able to document yourself through a video
captured by your own partner (assign your brother and/or sister). Use this assessment rubric in
assessing your video material/clip.

Indicator Yes No
Chair
1. You adjusted the height, seat and back of the chair to
achieve the posture.
2. Your feet fully supported by the floor when you are seated.
3. You are able to sit without feeling pressure from the chair
seat on the back of your knees.
4. Your armrests allow you to get close to your workstation.
Keyboard and Mouse
1. Your keyboard, mouse and work surface at your elbow
height.
2. Your frequently used items within easy reach.
3. Your keyboard close to the front edge of the desk allowing
space for the wrist to rest on the desk surface.
4. Your wrists are straight and your upper arms relaxed when
using your keyboard and mouse.
5. Your mouse is at the same level and as close as possible to
your keyboard.
6. Your mouse is comfortable to use.
Your Work Surface
1. Your monitor positioned directly in front of you.
2. Your monitor positioned at least an arm’s length away.
3. Your monitor height slightly below eye level.
4. Your monitor and work surface free from glare.
5. You have appropriate light for reading or writing
documents.
6. Your frequently used items located within the usual work
area and items which are only used occasionally in the
occasional work area.

7
Breaks (If applicable)
1. You take postural breaks every 30 minutes (standing,
walking to printer etc.)
2. You take regular eye breaks from looking at your monitor.
TOTAL
Source:
https://www.ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/Documents/Computer%20Workstation%20Ergonomics%20Self%20Assess
ment%20Checklist.pdf

Key To Correction

Pre-test LO2 (Continuation)

A. Classify storage devices

Primary Storage Devices Secondary Storage Devices
Random Access Memory Hard Disk Drive
Floppy Diskette
CD-ROM disc
DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD RW, and
DVD+RW disc
USB flash drive
Secure Digital (SD) Card

B. Modified True or False

1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. True
10. False

C. What To Process?

1. Hard Disk Drive

2. CD-ROM
3. 3 ½ Floppy
4. SD Card
5. Removable Drive
6. RAM

8
 References

Alison-Free Online Learning. (2013). Health and safety authority (hsa)-correct sitting
position at a desktop computer. Accessed on July 10, 2020. Retrieved at
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcsoeDpUSrs

Computer Hope. (2019). Storage device. Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/stordevi.htm

Computer Hope. (2019). RAM. Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/r/ram.htm

Fisher, T. (2020). What is a flash drive? Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at

https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-a-flash-drive-2625794

Goodman, P. (2019). Computer basics: 10 examples of storage devices for digital data.
Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at https://turbofuture.com/computers/Examples-
of-Data-Storage-Devices

Google Images

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). (2020). Office
ergonomics: your how-to guide. Accessed on July 10, 2020. Retrieved at
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/office-
ergonomics/art-20046169

National Institutes of Health. (nd). Computer workstation ergonomics: self-assessment

checklist. Accessed on July 11, 2020. Retrieved at https://www.ors.od.nih.gov/sr/doh
s/Documents/Computer%20Workstation%20Ergonomics%20Self%20Assessment%2
0Checklist.pdf

Techopedia Inc. (2018). Storage device. Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1119/storage-device

TechTarget. (2020). Secure digital card (SD card). Accessed on July 9, 2020. Retrieved at
https://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/Secure-Digital-card

University of Michigan, University Health Service. Computer ergonomics: how to protect

yourself from strain and pain. Accessed on July 10, 2020. Retrieved at
https://uhs.umich.edu/computerergonomics

9
 The Author

APOLINARIO B. VALENZUELA, JR.

Master Teacher II
San Marcelino NHS
Dingras, Ilocos Norte

Qualifications:

Computer System Servicing NC II

Visual Graphic Design NC III
Trainers Methodology Level I (CSS NC II and VGD NC III)
National TTC Level I

10