Biology Notes

Biology Notes
What’s biology? It is the study of living organisms and vital processes.
✩ (Body functions that ensure the organism’s life process.)

Chap 1 - The Scientific Method

✩ (An organised approach to solving problems)
7 Steps:
1) Make an observation.
2) Form a hypothesis.
✩ (A hypothesis is an educated guess to explain an observation.)
3) Carry out a controlled experiment.
✩ (An experiment is a test of a hypothesis.)
4) Collect and interpret data.
✩ (measurements, observations or information gathered in a experiment.)
5) Reach a Conclusion.
6) Compare conclusion with existing knowledge.
7) Report & publish for peer review. ⇢ (Scientific Journal)

● A Theory is a hypothesis, supported by many experiments.

● A theory becomes a principal or law if it stands the test of time and is
found valid under all conditions.

Limitations:
1) lack of knowledge, leading to inaccurate hypotheses.
2) Badly designed experiments
3) Human error
4) The world is in a state of change
5) Accidental discoveries

Principles:
1) Carefully planned and designed experiments - only 1 variable
2) Must be safe.
3) Must include a control.
✩ (A control
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● Double-blind testing
✩ (Neither the tester nor the one being tested knows who’s getting the real
treatment - placebo in a drug trial)
✩ (Placebo is a dummy pill that doesn’t contain any medicine.)
Chap 2 - The Characteristics Of Life
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Chap 2 - The Characteristics Of Life

O rganisation - be composed of cells

✩ cells are a group of tissue working together to carry out a special function.
✩
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