Plumbing Materials * GI/ Galvanized Iron

- Wrought steel pipes

with zinc coating
Outline:
- Common problem is
1.1 Plumbing Materials
corrosion
1.2 Pipe Fittings
- Generally used for
1.3 Plumbing Fixtures internal plumbing in building
- Pipe leak is common GI pipe connections

1.1 Plumbing Materials

* PPR/ Polypropylene Random Co-polymer

Section 401 - General Requirements - Offered in green and white color and is

” Plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of produced from continuous extrusion process

dense, durable, non absorbent materials - Suitable for hot

and must have smooth, impervious surfaces and cold water

free from unnecessary concealed fouling supply for all

surfaces” potable water

applications

“Water closet for public use shall be the - Smoother inner

elongated bowl types equipped with open- surface and therefore frictional resistant

front seats. Water closet seats shall be of - Durable and lightweight

smooth non-absorbent material and

properly sized for the water closet bowl * PE/ Polyethylene
used. - Available in
longer length thus
Section 402 – Materials Alternatives less fittings needed
“Special-use fixtures may be made of - Cheaper
soapstone, chemical stoneware or maybe compared to other
lined with lead, copper base alloy, nickel- options
copper alloy, corrosion-resisting steel or - Lightweight,
other materials specially suited for the use flexible, chemical resistant
which the fixture is Intended.”

1. 2 Pipe Fittings
Common Plumbing Materials Pipe Fittings
* PVC/ Polyvinyl Chloride Piping component used

- not applicable for use (1) to change direction of flows,

in drinking water (2) connect 2 pipes of different size,

- high risk of toxicity (3) connect different components, and

when degrade in high (4) to stop flow of water

temperature
- Toxic in UV light and high pressure
Adaptor for cold water and brass for hot water

-used for
extending pipe runs with Valves
the same or different *Gate Valve
diameters - Used to
- used to control the flow of
connect different pipe fixtures water by raising and
- It may have female or male threads ends lowering the disc
- which need to be welded or soldered onto - On strategic
a smaller pipe location for repair and maintenance

Cross type/ Tee *Check Valves

- Flow of water is one directional
- Used to join
- placed on the outlet side of the
pipes from several
pump to protect the pump from
directions
backflow
- Often used in HVAC-systems
(Heating, Ventilating, and Air conditioning
Elbow/ Bending systems
- Changes - Two types:
direction of water flow • Swing – a disc swings on a
- Most hinge
common: 90⁰ and 45⁰ • Ball – a ball moves up and
down the inside of the valve
Reducers/ Bushing
- Connects pipes of
different sizes
- Can be eccentric,
elbow, or tees

End cap
*Angle Valve
- Temporarily seal - Inlet and outlet ports are perpendicular
at the end of the pipe with each other
- Modern angle valves use ¼ turn to close
- Can be plain or and open the valve
threaded (male and - Usually used in lavatories, water closets,
and bidets
female) - Cuts water
flow if there is a need
for repair or replace
Barb Fitting of fixtures
- Used to connect
hoses to pipes
- Plastic can be used
1. 3 Plumbing Fixtures
Lavatories
Water Closets/ Toilet
- Wash-bin used for
3 types:
personal hygiene
a) close coupled – two-piece:
- Comes in various size,
tank and bowl fixtures
shapes, materials, and
color
b) one piece – tank and bowl
is one piece

Sink
- Kitchen or service
C) Flushometer – bowl with
- Come in single,
spud connection that receives
double, or triple
the connection from a
compartment
flushometer valve, either top
- Comes in various
spud or back spud
sizes, materials, and
designs
Flushing systems:
- Undermount or drop-in

- Tank stores a quantity of

Bathtubs
water to establish the
- Comes in various sizes, shapes, and designs and
Gravity Flush initial flush of the bowl
materials
- A lever raises and closes
- Available from 5ft to 7ft
the flapper or ball

Showers

- The inside of the tank is a - Comes in various sizes, shapes, and designs and

pressurized vessel materials

that stores water for flushing - Can be customized with/without enclosures or

Flushometer Tank - Min of 25psi to operate prefabricated

properly
- Contains pressure regulator Types of shower heads
to keep pressure below Fixed Shower - Wall mounted head, small in
35psi Head size
- Fixed but are larger in size
Urinals Rain Shower - Can be mounting from wall
- Max water use of 1.0 gal per flush or 4.5L per flush or ceiling
- Floor mounted, wall hung, or free standing
- Flexible and easy to use and
- Identified as blowout, siphon jet, washout, stall,
Handheld/Tele not too expensive
and wash down
phone - Wall mounted with flexible
- Must be flushed with flashometer valve, either
hose
manually or automatic
 - Advance technology, shows
feature of temperature
Shower Panels control, water spurt options,
LED screen, etc

Bidets
- Used to was the anal regions after using the water
closet
- Can be separated from or integrated in the water
closer