Drainage System
Industrial Arts January 9, 2024
Fittings
P-trap- “most famous” – seal a liquid or prevent
the back passage of air without affecting the
flow of the sewage through it.
“Must have ventilation”
“Prevent the back passage of air”
Nipple- A short pipe (6inch long)
Used for extension from fitting.
Short pipe- 6 inch long
Pipe- longer than 6inch.
Bushing- a reducer that fits inside of another
fitting. (Type of reducer that connect pipes)
Coupling- Used to connect two shafts together.
Union- Like coupling except it design to allow
quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for
maintenance (Union)
Plug- Insert into the end of the tube to end the
flow of water (Male) (Inserted)
Cap- Similar to a plug, it covers the end of the
pipe. (COVER) (Female)
Reducer- Used to connect a smaller pipe to a
larger pipe.
Elbows- ¼ bend, 45 degrees and (1/2 degree)
90 degrees, to change the direction of water.
TYPES OF VALVES
Flush valve – Flashing water closets
Float valve- Filling water tanks
- Draining waste water inside the building.
- Water disposal becomes a problem in the
drainage system if it does not function or work
correctly.
1. Remove wastewater
Wastewater- gray or black water
Gray water- without feces (Shower, sink,
bathtub, wastewater from washing machine
Black water- Contains human waste and feces
(Urinal and toilet)
2. Prevention of the backflow of sewer gas
House drainage system- Purpose of disposing
and draining water
Traps- Prevent potentially dangerous sewer
gases from entering the house
Requirement for a drainage system
1. that all pipe joints must be well fitted and
tightly connected with each other to prevent
leakage of gas and liquid.
2. That the drainage pipe should be graded or
inclined properly for a downward gravity flow of
water toward the main sewer line or the septic
tank.
3. That the drainage pipe should be provided
with adequate cleanout accessible for repair in
the case of stoppage.
4. The drainage system must be provided with
a ventilation pipe that will convey gases to the
atmosphere where can do no harm to human
health.
5. That except for water closet each fixture
should be provided with suitable trap that will
prevent backflow of gases
6. that the drainage water system must be
vented, avoid siphonage or backflow of the
water seal.
Types of Waste.
Solid Waste- Discharge by water closet (Toilet)
Liquid Waste- Coming from various fixtures.
Types of Drainage piping
1. Soil pipe- Pipe that conveys the discharge of
black water (For solid waste) (with fecal matter)
2. Waste pipe- A pipe that conveys the
discharge of only grey water (Liquid waste/free
of fecal water) (smaller than Soil pipe because
of nature matter)
The Waste Pipe
- must be short, directed free from offsets, and
provided with ample cleanouts.
- 2% Slope- meaning the pipe was installed
with inclined ratio of (2 centimeters per meter
length)
-General rule, the vent stack must be extended
and terminated through the roof of the building.
-Should be extended no less than 2.00 meters
above the roof
The septic tank
-is the receptacle or vault used to collect
organic waste discharge from the house sewer.
-An ideal size of a septic tank is 1.3 cubic
meters for 6 family members (.21.6 or 22 cubic
meters for each member of the family)
-A very large tank is not advisable because the
bacterial activities would be retarded.
Bacteriological process
Sludge- semi-liquid substance accumulated at
the bottom of the septic tank.(Sedimentation)
Scum- A floating substance at the septic tank
-Well and septic tank must be seventy-five feet
away from each other.
The house drain
- Portion of the plumbing system that receives
discharges of all soil and waste within the
building.
- Called also as the collection of line of a
plumbing system.
-plumbing code on house drain.
- No water closet shall be discharged into a
drain less than 75mm or 3 pipe diameters.
-No more than two water closets shall
discharge into any 75mm horizontal soil
branch, house drain, or house sewer.
PLUMBING LAW (RA-1378)- Ensure public
health and safety.
1. establish standards that will protect the
health of the community. faulty plumbing is a
serious health hazard.
2. with the increasing standardization of
equipment and materials, plumbing codes in
different areas of the country are tending more
and more toward uniformity.
3. known as the “Plumbing Law” only licensed
master plumbers can
1. Design, install, and maintain plumbing
systems.
Leak Testing- Turn off all water faucets in your
home and make sure the washing machine and
dishwasher are not running.
-Check the water meter and make a note of the
numbers you see. Come back in an hour and
check again.
- turn off the shutoff valve on your home main’s
water supply pipe.
- If the numbers not change the water link is
inside the house
- if the numbers change the leak is the buried
water line.

SIGNS OF LEAK
1. Stains- on floor, ceiling, and walls.
2. Wet spots- beneath leaks from the ceiling
3. Visible mold

Types of sewage disposal

1. Cesspool – Hole in the ground with stones
and bricks
-Allow contaminated sewage.
2. Privy – Concrete vault with wooden shelter.
3. Septic tank – Collect organic waste
4. Public sewer line – From buildings and
houses

PLUMBING CODE
RA 1378- plumbing law of the Ph.
RA 6541 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF
THE PH.
RA 1378 -NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF
THE PH.
PURPOSE OF THE CODE
1. ESTABLISH STANDARDS

CLEANOUT