PLAN READING

&
INTERPRETATION
 The 4 Major Components of the Drainage System

• Sanitary or Soil Drainage System

– the piping that conveys the discharge of water closets or
fixtures having similar functions (containing fecal matter), with or without the
discharges from other fixtures.

• Waste Drainage System

–the piping that receives the liquid discharge from plumbing
fixtures other than water closets. It is free of fecal matter.

• Vent System
–The piping installed to provide a flow of air to or from a drainage
system or to provide a circulation of air within such system to protect
trap seals from siphonage and back pressure.

• Storm Drainage System

-the piping system that receives clear water drainage from
leaders, downspouts, surface runoff, ground water, subsurface water, condensate
water, cooling water or other similar discharges and conveys them to the point of
disposal. All sanitary wastes must not be included in this system.
 Terms and Definitions in the DWV System:

• Building Drain
–is that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system
which receives the discharge from soil, waste & other drainage pipes inside the
walls of the building & conveys it to the building sewer beginning 600 mm outside
the building wall. It is also known as House Drain.

• Building Sewer
–is that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which
starts from the end of the building drain & receives the discharge of the building
drain & conveys it to the public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal
system or other point of disposal.

• House Sewer
–is that part of a plumbing system extending from the house drain
at a point 600 mm from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to
the conjunction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying
the drainage of one building site.
• Waste pipe
–a pipe which conveys only wastewater or liquid waste, free of fecal matter.
• Soil pipe
–any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures
having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the
building drain or building sewer.
• Soil Stack pipe
–A vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and wastewater.
• Vent pipe
–a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing
system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
• Vent Stack
–the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to
and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
• Stack Vent
–the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack.
• Stack Vent Through Roof (SVTR)
–the uppermost end of the stack vent above the roof.
• Branch Vent
–a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back vents
with the vent stack or stack vent.
 The DWV System combines the use of TRAPS, VENTS,
WASTE LINES and SOIL STACKS & LINES

TRAPS VENTS
- protect the water seals in
- permit waste & traps and permit them to
wastewater to enter the operate effectively. By
drainage system & prevent admitting air to the system,
any sewer gases from vents permit atmospheric
entering the house. The water pressure on both sides of the
seal utilizes a portion of the trap seal to be maintained,
wastewater to act as a barrier. and permit air to enter at the
same time as gases escape
the drainage system.

SOIL STACKS
& LINES
WASTE PIPES - are bigger in
- A pipe which conveys diameter than the waste
only waste- water or lines, except at ground
liquid, free from fecal floor or basement
matter.
-
 Branch Vent VSTR or SVTR
DWV SYSTEM
Vent Stack
Wall Cleanout

Individual Vent Waste Pipe

Lavatory
or Back Vent Water Closet
600 mm
From Shower Floor Drain
foundation wall

Cleanout Auxiliary Floor

House Drain or Drain

Building Drain
Sanitary or Soil Pipe
Cleanout

House Sewer
or Building Sewer
Cleanout
Cleanout

Digestive Chamber

Leaching Chamber

To point of Disposal
Septic Tank
PIPES and FITTINGS
 Pipes & Fittings
Acid Resistant Cast Iron Pipe
 Made of an alloy of cast iron and silicon
Installed where acid wastes are being discharged
Brittle
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
 Most popular and generally specified material for
drainage installation.

 Commercial length: 600 cm

 Diameters: 50-150mm SPIGOT
HUB
2 Types:
SV type - generally used; for building installations

XV type - extra duty; for underground installations

 Pipes & Fittings

4 Varieties:
Standard Pipe Single Hub Pipe

Double Hub Pipe Hubless Pipe

 Pipes & Fittings
Asbestos Pipe
➢ Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts
Joints:
➢ Grouted and firmly packed with oakum or old hemp
Rope soaked in tar with pure lead or cement mortar
(not less than 25mm deep well calked)
Cement mortar (in place of mineral lead) for
chimneys

Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe

➢ cheapest
➢ Light in weight, slightly flexible and could take
slight soil movement without danger of cracking
or pulling out of its joints
➢ may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or
chemical flow
 Pipes & Fittings

Vitrified Clay Pipe

One of the oldest materials used for sewer lines
Highly resistant to most acids
Brittle

Lead Pipe
Highly resistant to acid
Poisonous and injurious, is therefore not
recommended to convey water for human
consumption

Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe

Better then steel pipe for plumbing installation
Resistant to acid waste
 Pipes & Fittings
Copper Pipe
Durable and extremely corrosive resistant
Easy to install
Smooth interior surface
Classification:
K type- heaviest; for underground
L type- lighter; in both rigid and flexible form; for
residential water supply line and radiant heating
installations
M type- thinnest; in rigid form; for small water supply
lines and radiant heating installations

Brass Pipe
Most expensive
Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface
 Pipes & Fittings
Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
➢ Developed in Germany in 1935
➢ Most are produced from synthetic resins

2 Types:
▪ Rigid type
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC)
Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC)
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Polypropylene (PP)
Styrene Rubber Plastic (SR)

▪ Flexible type
The Polyethylene (PE)- coil form; 30 m long
The Polybutylene (PB)- coil form; 30 m – 150 m long
 Pipes & Fittings
Types of Fittings:
COUPLING/ MALE
SOCKET ADAPTOR

EXTENSION
FEMALE
PIECE/
ADAPTOR
NIPPLE

45°
REDUCER STREET
ELBOW

90°
REDUCING
STREET
ELBOW
ELBOW
 Pipes & Fittings

UNION

CROSS

TEE

PLUG

REDUCING
TEE
DOUBLE
HUB

CAP
 Pipes & Fittings
Other water Service Fittings & Devices:

CORPORATION
STOP
METER
STOP
CURB
STOP
WATER
METER
CURB
STOP
BOX
 Pipes & Fittings

Sanitary Fittings
Pipes & Fittings
 Working Drawings
Piping Symbols for Plumbing:

DRAIN OR WASTE ABOVE GROUND

DRAIN OR WASTE BELOW GROUND

VENT
SD STORM DRAIN

COLD WATER
SW SOFT COLD WATER

HOT WATER
S SPRINKLER MAIN

SPRINKLER BRANCH AND HEAD

Working Drawings

G G GAS
A COMPRESSED AIR
V VACUUM
S - CI SEWER – CAST IRON
S - CT SEWER – CLAY TILE

S-P SEWER – PLASTIC

 Working Drawings
Plumbing Abbreviations:

ITEM ABBR. ITEM ABBR.

Cast Iron CI Hot Water HW
Centerline CL Laundry Tray LT
Cleanout CO Lavatory LAV.
Cold Water CW Medicine Cabinet MC
Copper COP. Plastic PLAS.
Dishwasher DW Plumbing PLBG.
Floor Drain FD Water Closet WC
Galvanized Iron GAL. I Water Heater WH
Hose Bib HB Water Softener WS
Pipe & Fitting Symbols:
Pipe & Fitting Symbols:
Working Drawings
Pipe & Fitting Symbols:
Working Drawings
Working Drawings
Working Drawings
PLUMBING FIXTURES
 Plumbing Fixtures
Definition:
- Receptacles which are used to provide, receive
and discharge water, liquid and water-carried
wastes into a drainage system with which they
are connected to
Classifications:
❖ Soil ❖ Scullery ❖ Bathing
Water Closets Kitchen Sinks Lavatories
Urinals Laundry Tubs Bathtubs
Slop Sinks Bar Sinks Shower Baths
Bidets
Jacuzzis
Foot/Sitz Tub
Shower Receptors
Floor drains
Shower Compartments
 Soil Fixtures
WATER CLOSETS - is a plumbing fixture used to receive human
excrement & to discharge it through a waste pipe,
using water as a conveying medium.

Water Closets are classified according to:

1. Design
2. Make
3. Flushing Mechanism Used
4. Shape
5. Installation

Setting:
- Water closet center to WC center: minimum of 0.75 m

- Water closet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m

 What are the types of water closet as to
Design?
1. Siphon Washdown
2. 2. Siphon Jet
3. 3. Siphon Vortex
4. 4. Reverse Trap

• Siphon Washdown

- It is the least
expensive but the
noisiest; Only small
amount of standing
water, susceptible to
fouling, staining &
contamination
 • Siphon Jet

The jet being submerged, introduces

water underwater so that its
operation is entirely muffled. It has a
large amount of standing water to
prevent fouling

• Siphon Vortex

This type of bowl

develops its flushing
action through the
water entering the
diagonal holes around
the rim which creates a
swirling action which
forms a vortex in the
center
• Reverse Trap
The trap way located
at the rear eliminated
the bulge at the front.
The design of the bowl
plus its large water
area & quietness in
operation, makes it
desirable than the
siphon washdown.

What are the type of water closets as to

Make?
1. One-Piece
2. 2. Close Coupled
3. 3. Pail Flush
4. 4. Squat bowl
• One-Piece Water Closet: The water closet fixture is
manufactured with the bowl
& the flush tank molded into
a single unit
• Close Coupled Water Closet:

A water closet wherein the flush tank is

separate but is attached to the toilet bowl. It is
a two-piece model.
• Pail Flush Water Closet:
A water closet comprising only of a bowl
without a flush tank. Flushing action is
obtained only through water poured from a
pail or bucket. This is used in areas where
running water system is not available.
• Squat Bowl Water Closet: A water closet that is other wise
known as “eastern type” water
closet since the user assumes a
squatting position rather than a
sitting position.
What are the types of water closets as to
Flushing Mechanism Used?
1. Flush Tank
2. Flushometer Valve

Flush Tank
-Holds a supply of
water for flushing
the water closet.
It flushes 3 to 6
liters.
• Flushometer Valve:
is a valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of
water for flushing purposes. It is activated by
direct water pressure without the use of a
flush tank. It requires a flow pressure of 69 to
138 kPa (10 to 20 psi)
 What are the types of water closets as to Shape?
1. Round Front
2. Elongated Front

• Elongated Front
• Round Front
- is more comfortable but occupies a
- WC is intended for
larger space. Water closet bowls for
installation on a limited
public use shall be the elongated
space.
type.
What are the types of water closet as to
installation?
1. Free Standing or Floor Mounted
2. Wall Hung or Wall Mounted
Soil Fixtures
Soil Fixtures
 Soil Fixtures
Minimum Requirements for Water Closets
OCCUPANCY MIN. WC KIND & NO. OF USERS
Dwelling or Apartment 1 family

Elementary Schools 1 for 1-20 persons

2 For 21-50 persons
1 per additional 50 persons

Assembly Places 1 per 1-100 males

(Theaters and Auditoriums- for
public use)
2 per 101-200 males
3 per 201-400 males
3 per 1-50 females
4 per 51-100 females
8 per 101-200 females
1 per additional 500 males over 400
2 per additional 300 females over 400

Dormitories 1 per 10 males

1 per 8 females
1 per additional 25 males, 20 females

Industrial 1 per 1 - 10 persons

2 for 11 - 25 persons
3 for 26 - 50 persons
4 for 51 - 75 persons
5 for 76 - 100 persons
1 per additional 30 persons in excess of 100
 Soil Fixtures
➢ Urinal - is a plumbing fixture equipped with
a water supply and drain for flushing away
urine

Types:
Wall Hung
Pedestal

Through

Stall
 Soil Fixtures

Setting:
- Urinal center to side wall: minimum of 0.30 m
- Urinal center to urinal center: minimum of 0.60 m

Flushing:
- Flushing trough urinals shall be done through automatic
flushing tanks. (NPC 408.1)
- Flushometer valves shall be self-closing type discharging
a predetermined quantity of water. No manually controlled
flushometer valve shall be used to flush group urinals.
(NPC 408.2)
• Wall Hung
Stall Urinal
Urinal Types, Clearances and Roughing-ins
 Soil Fixtures
Minimum Requirements for Urinals

OCCUPANCY MIN. # KIND & NO. OF USERS

Schools:
Elementary 1 per 75 males
Secondary 1 per 35 males
Office or Public Building 1 per 1-100 males
2 per 101-200 males
3 per 201-400 males
4 per 401-600 males
1 For each additional 300 males
Assembly Places 1 per 1-100 males
( Theaters and auditoriums)- 2 per 101-200 males
for public use) 3 per 201-400 males
4 per 401-600 males
1 For each additional 500 males

Dormitories 1 Per 25 males

1 per 50 males in excess of 150

Industrial and Commercial 0 0

➢ Slop Sink – A deep sink, set low &
used by janitors for emptying pails
of dirty water & mop cleaning.

➢ Laundry Tub – A deep wide sink

used for washing clothes
What is a Lavatory?

➢ Lavatory is a fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face.

It is also known as a Wash Basin

The 4 types of Lavatory are:

1. Wall Hung Lavatory
2. Pedestal Lavatory
3. Counter Type Lavatory
a. Overcounter or Counter top
b. Undercounter
4. One-piece Lavatory
Wall Hung Lavatory Pedestal Lavatory
 ➢ Counter Type Lavatory

• Overcounter Lavatory • Undercounter Lavatory

• One-piece Lavatory
What are the Minimum Clearances & Roughing-
ins for Lavatories?
 What is a Bathtub

➢ Bathtub - is a tub for bathing, usually a

fixed plumbing installation designed for 1
person. It is available in left outlet and right
outlet
 What is a Shower Bath

➢ Shower Bath - is an apparatus for - Metal enclosure

spraying water on the body, containing shower
usually from above. Drain is head, valves and
through the shower bath floor faucets
drain.
 SHOWER COMPARTMENT Sec. 409.4
All shower compartments,
regardless of shape, shall have a
minimum finished interior area
of 0.6 square meter, and shall
also be capable of
encompassing a 762 mm
diameter circle. The minimum
area and dimension shall be
maintained from a point above
the shower drain outlet to a
height of 1.78 meters with no
1.78 m protrusions other than the
fixture valve or valves, shower
head and safety grab bars or
rails.

Min. Area 0.60 - Drains for gang shower

Sq.m.
rooms shall be spaced not
more than 4.9 m apart.
 What is a Kitchen Sink?
➢ Kitchen Sink - is a plumbing
fixture consisting of a basin with
a water supply, connected with
a drain & used for dishwashing.
 What is a Bidet? Setting:
- Bidet center to bidet center: minimum of 0.75 m
➢ Bidet - is a plumbing - Bidet center to side wall: minimum of 0.375 m
fixture used for washing the
middle part of the body,
especially the genitals. It is
also known as Sitz Bath.
➢ Scrub Sink
- is a plumbing
fixture usually
located in the
O.R. in a hospital
to enable
personnel to
scrub their hands
prior to a surgical
procedure. The
Hot & Cold water
supply is ➢ Drinking Fountain
activated by a
knee –action - is a plumbing fixture consisting of a
mixing valve or shallow basin, together with a water
by wrist or pedal jet, designed to provide potable
control or by water for human consumption.
automatic sensors
What are Toilet and Bath Plumbing Accessories?
PLUMBING FIXTURES:
CLEARANCES,ROUGHING-INDIMENSIONS and
FIXTURE UNIT VALUES (dfu) (wsfu)
750mm 762mm
375 mm

457mm
1524mm
475mm

600mm 600mm 381mm

300mm

457mm
 300mm

375mm 750mm

206mm
457mm

300mm
TOILET FOR THE DISABLED
END OF PRESENTATION