DRAINAGE SYSTEMS IN APARTMENTS

INTRODUCTION:

It is the arrangement provided in

a house or building for collecting
or conveying waste water through
drain pipes, by gravity, to join either
a public sewer or a domestic septic
tank is termed as house drainage or
building drainage.
TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO DRAINAGE:

Waste water: Water when used for different purposes like domestic,commercial,industrial etc. receives
impurities and become waste water.

Sewage: The waste water coming from W.C. and containing human excreta.

Sullage:The waste water coming from bathrooms and kitchens which doesnot contain fecal matter.

Plumbing/ Drainage: It is a entire system of pipe line for providing water supply to the building and it is
a system of pipes for disposal of waste water from the building.

Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage from W.C.

Soil pipe: It is a pipe carrying sewage from W.C.

Vent pipe: A vertical pipe that provides circulation of air to and from drainage system.

Stack: A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping.
COMPONENTS OF A DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

 Pipes
 Traps
 Sanitary fittings
 Chambers

PIPE SIZES:
Soil pipe-100mm Waste pipe- 75mm Vent pipe-50mm

Waste pipe-30-50mm (vertical)

(horizontal) Rainwater pipe-75mm
-Vent pipe -Soil pipe

-Waste pipe

-Antisiphonage
pipe

-Rainwater
pipe
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

House drainage should be preferably laid by the side of the building to facilitate easy repair and better
maintenance.

The sewage or sullage should flow under the force of gravity.

The house sewer should be always straight.

The entire system should be well ventilated.

The house sewer should be connected to the manhole such that the invert level is sufficiently higher to
avoid black flow of sewage in house sewer.
TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
Two pipe drainage system

One pipe system

Single stack system

Partially ventilated single stack system

ONE PIPE DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

Two pipes are not used instead one pipe is used for both sullage and
excreta.

The system has two vertical pipes.This pipe is ventilated at the top and
also a separate vent pipe is provided.

TWO PIPE SYSTEM:

This is the best and improved system of plumbing.

Two sets of pipings are provided one for sullage and one for excreta.
 The soil pipe as well as the waste pipe are separately ventilated.

Four vertical pipes are present.

SINGLE STACK SYSTEM:

This system consists of single pipe for waste,soil and vent without any separate vent pipes.

Extends upto 2m above the roof which acts as a vent.

PARTIALLY VENTILATED SINGLE STACK SYSTEM:

Improved version of single stack system.

Traps of the closets are ventilated by separate vent pipes called relief vent pipes.

The single soil pipe is connected to the vent pipe and the cost is reduced.
ONE PIPE SYSTEM:
TWO PIPE SYSTEM:
SINGLE STACK DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
GREY WATER RECYCLING:

Grey water flows through surge tank.

Filtered through coarse filter and sent to sand filter.

Here it is disinfected and pumped to grey water tank which can be reused
again.
CAUSES DUE TO POOR DRAINAGE SYSTEM:

Loss of Foundation Stability and Structural Foundation Damage

Insect Infestation, Mold and Allergens

Termite Infestation

Discoloration and Premature Aging of Concrete and Exterior Brick

Gutters: A lack of gutters or having your downspouts disconnected from a proper drainage solution can
dump lots of excess water into the soil surrounding your home.

Sloped Landscapes: Negative drainage can cause water to pool in areas around your home, causing the
same issues mentioned above.
Excess Soil Moisture: Too much water can create “hydrostatic pressure” causing the soil to expand.
When the soil expands, it puts excess pressure on your home’s foundation which can lead to structural
and cosmetic damage.

SEPTIC TANK:

A septic tank is an underground chamber made of concrete, fiberglass, or plastic through which
domestic wastewater (sewage) flows for basic treatment.

It must be located in the side of the restrooms itself.

There must be atleast 2m gap around so that it is easily accessible.

SEPTIC TANK: