RAMIREZ, JOHN DAVE O.

AR21S2-

DIFINITIONS AND BASIC PLUMBING PRINCIPLES

PLUMBING SYSTEM

• The word “plumbing” comes from

the Latin word plumbum for lead, as
pipes were once made from lead.

• The art and science of creating and

maintaining sanitary conditions in
building used by humans. It is also
defined as the art and science of
installing, repairing and servicing the
pipes, fixtures and appurtenances
necessary for bringing in water
supply and removing liquid and
water-borne wastes;

• The art and science of installing in

buildings the pipes, fixtures and
other appurtenances for bringing in
the water supply and removing liquid
and waterborne wastes. It includes
the fixtures and fixture traps; the soil
and waste pipes; vent pipes; the
building drain and building sewer;
and the storm drainage pipes; with
their devices, appurtenances and
connections to all within or adjacent
to the building.

• The plumbing system of a building

includes the water supply
distributing pipes; the fixture and
fixture traps; the soil, waste and vent
pipes; the building drain and building
sewer; the storm water drainage,
with their devices, appurtenances
and connections within the building
and outside the building within the
property line.
 PLUMBING SYSTEM devices, receptacles, and appurtenances
within the property; water lines in the
• System includes all potable water premises; potable, tap, hotB water treating
supply and distribution pipes, all or usingI equipment; fuel gas piping; water
plumbing fixtures and traps; all heaters and vents for same.
sanitary and storm drainage systems;
vent pipes, roof drains, leaders and PIPE DRAINAG
downspouts; and all building drains FIXTURE E PIPE
SUPPLY
and sewers, including their
respective joints and connections’,

PLUMBING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION

SANITARY DRAINAGE AND DISPOSAL

SYSTEM

STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

PLUMBING FIXTURE

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FUEL AND GAS PIPING SYSTEM

SUPPLY
Water Mains, Storage Tanks

SOURCE DISTRIBUTION
Lakes, Rivers, Reservoirs Pressure, Piping Network
PLUMBING
TREATMENT CYCLE USE
Sewage Plants, Natural Purification Plumbing Fixtures

DISPOSAL COLLECTION
Sanitary and Storm Sewers Gravity, Piping Networks
 WATER CYCLE METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND
TREATMENT OF WATER

1. SEDIMENTATION -articles of matters that are

suspended in the water are allowed to stay in a
container so that they will settle in the bottom,
then drawing the water out, leaving these
sediments in the container.

WATER SUPPLY WATER 2. CHEMICAL TREATMENTS - water are given

chemical treatments to kill the harmful
Water is a combination of two elementary
substances hydrogen and oxygen. It appears in bacteria’s present and to cure the turbid taste or
its natural state as: mud taste, remove clay, salts, iron etc.
commonly used chemical is chlorine.
There are three sources of water:
3. FILTRATION - water are filtered on various
• FROM THE RAINFALL processes, so as to remove the particles of
vegetable matter, mud, and other particles of
ADVANTAGES: Obtained from roofs and matter present in the water, most commonly
waterslides. It is soft pure and good on places used materials are sand and gravel.
where there is an abundant rainfall.
4. AERATION – raw water Is made to pass on
DISADVANTAGES: Hard to store for a long time
as it will be a breeding place for mosquitoes,
requires big containers for storing big quantities
for long uses, roofs may not be clean, bad for
places that receives a little amount of rainfall.

• FROM THE NATURAL SURFACE

ADVANTAGES: Obtained from ponds, lakes,

rivers easiness of procurements and good for
locality near such bodies of water.
pipes of tiny sieves and exposed to air of fine
DISADVANTAGES: Dangerous because it
mist.
contains large amounts of bacteria’s, organic and
inorganic substances of varying quantities.

• FROM UNDERGROUND

ADVANTAGES: Obtained from below ground

surface by means of mechanical and manual
equipment’s. More water can be obtained
depending by equipment’s used and locality.

DISADVANTAGES: Because of various organic

matter and chemical elements present, it
requires treatment of various nature, such as
sedimentation, chemical, filtration, aerations.
PLUMBINGSYSTEMS THE SINGLE STACK
SYSTEM
ONE PIPE SYSTEM
Reduces the cost of soil and
In the system all soil and waste systems. Branch vent
waste water discharge into pipes are not required.
one common pipe and all
branch ventilating pipes into To prevent loss of trap water
one main ventilating pipe. seals.
This system largely replaces
the two-pipe system and
lent itself very well to use in
multistorey developments.
Itis far more economical
than the two-pipe system.

TWO PIPE SYSTEM

The waste stack received

the discharge ablutionary
fitments and conveyed
this to the ground level
where it was delivered SANITARY SYSTEM
above the water seal in a
trapped gully connected It is the arrangement provided in a house
to the drainage system. or building for collecting or conveying waste
the soil stack receives the water through drain pipes, by gravity, to join
discharge from soil either a public sewer or a domestic septic tank is
appliances and delivered termed as house drainage or building drainage.
it direct to the
underground drainage SANITARY SYSTEM
system. The waste and
soil water did not
combine until they reached the below ground
drainage system.

THE FULLY VENTILATEDONE-PIPE SYSTEMA

large number of sanitary
appliances in ranges.
Each trap with an anti-
siphon or vent pipe
connected to the
discharge pipe in AIMS OF HOUSE DRAINAGE
direction of the flow of
water at a point • To maintain healthy conditions in the
between75 - 450 mm building.
from trap crown. Vent • To dispose off waste water as early and
stack connected to the quickly as possible.
discharge stack near to • To avoid the entry of foul gases from the
the bend to remove sewer or the septic tank.
compressed air at this • To facilitate quick removal of foul matter.
point • To collect and remove waste matters
systematically