STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

ENGR. JAYVEE L. DE ROBLES

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
LESSON 1
 WHAT IS MECHANICS?

 Engineering mechanics may be defined as the science

which considers the effects of forces on rigid bodies.
 Engineering mechanics is the application of mechanics to
solve problems involving common engineering elements.
 It is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned
with the state of rest or motion of bodies that are subjected
to the action of forces.
BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS

Engineering
Mechanics

Mechanics of Mechanics of
Mechanics of
Deformable
Rigid Bodies Bodies
Fluids

Strength of Theory of Theory of Incompressible

Statics Dynamics Ideal Fluid Viscous Fluid
Materials Elasticity Plasticity Fluid

Kinematics Kinetics
MECHANICS OF RIGID BODIES

Mechanics of rigid body is divided into two major parts:

Statics: branch of mechanics which studies the effects and

distribution of forces of rigid bodies which are and remain at
rest.

Dynamics: branch of mechanics which studies the

movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the
action of external forces.
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Particle: A particle has a mass, but a size that can be neglected.

Rigid Body: A solid body in which deformation is neglected where
the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains
constant in time regardless of external forces exerted on it.
BASIC QUANTITIES
Length: It is a concept to measure linear distances.
Time: is conceived as a succession of events .
Mass: The quantity of the matter possessed by a body. The mass of
a body can not change unless the body is damaged and part of it is
physically separated.
Force: is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's
interaction with another object.
Characteristics of a force are:
1. Magnitude
2. Position of its line of action
3. The direction in which the force acts along its line of action.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

Newton’s laws of motion, three

statements describing the relations
between the forces acting on a body
and the motion of the body, first
formulated by English physicist and
mathematician Isaac Newton, which
are the foundation of classical
mechanics.
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

1. Newton’s First Law of Motion: It is also known as the

Law of Inertia, an object at rest will stay at rest, and an
object in motion will stay in motion at constant velocity,
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
2. Newton’s Second Law of Motion: When a net force acts
on an object, the object will accelerate in the direction of
the net force. Acceleration = net force/mass; F = ma.
3. Newton’s Third Law of Motion: For every action force,
there is a reaction force equal in strength and opposite in
direction.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

SI Units (SI)
-The International System of units, the SI system defines length in
meters (m), time in seconds (s), and mass in kilograms (kg). The
unit of force, called a newton (N), is derived from F = ma .
1N = 1kg-m/s2

U.S. Customary (FPS)

- The U.S. Customary system of units, the length is measured in
feet (ft), time in seconds (s), and force in pounds (lbf), The unit of
mass, called a slug , is derived from F = ma . 1 lbf = 1 slug-ft/s2
CONVERSION OF UNITS

A conversion factor is an expression for the relationship

between units that is used to change the units of a measured quantity
without changing the value.
Time 1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 day = 24 hours
Length 1 foot = 12 inches
1 mile = 5280 feet
1 inch = 25.4 millimeters
1 foot = 0.3048 meters
Mass 1 slug = 14.59 kilograms
Force 1 pound = 4.448 Newtons
SI PREFIXES

When a numerical quantity is either very large or very small, the units
used to define its size may be modified by using a prefix.
WEIGHT AND MASS

Mass is a fundamental measurement of how much matter an object

contains. Weight is a measurement of the gravitational force on an
object. It not only depends on the object's mass, but also on its
location. Therefore, weight is actually a measure of force. Then, the
formula for weight is given by:
W = mg
Where
W = Weight
m = mass
g = Acceleration of gravity (g = 9.81 m/s2 or 32.2 ft/s2)
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

PROBLEM NO. 1
What is the weight(N) in Paris of a body whose
mass is 1050 g?

PROBLEM NO. 2
A person who is 6’1” tall and weighs 185 pound
force (lbf). Find the height and weight in SI units?
 FORCE SYSTEM

Force System: is any arrangement where two or more forces act on a body
or on a group of related bodies.
 Coplanar: When all forces are lying in one plane.
 Non- Coplanar: When all forces do not lie in one plane.
 Collinear: When the lines of action of all the forces of a system act
along the same line.
 Parallel: Forces that act in the same or opposite directions at different
points on an object.
 Concurrent: Refer to those forces which intersect through a common
point.
 Non-concurrent: When the forces of a system do not meet at a
common point of concurrency
FREE-BODY DIAGRAM

A free-body diagram is a representation of an object with all the

forces that act on it. The external environment, as well as the forces
that the object exerts on other objects, are omitted in a free-body
diagram.

 Suppose that you are pushing a crate of mass m over a horizontal

frictionless plane. Draw an FBD of the crate.
EXAMPLES:
1. Jack is pulling a box up an incline
which makes an angle of 30° with the
horizontal. Assuming there is no
friction, draw a free-body diagram of
the box.
2. A sphere is hanging from two ropes attached
to the ceiling. The first rope makes an angle
of 30° with the ceiling, while the second rope
makes an angle of 45° with the ceiling. Let's
draw the free-body diagram of the sphere.
VECTOR AND SCALAR QUANTITY

Various quantities used in engineering mechanics may be grouped

into scalars and vectors.

Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or

numerical value) alone.

Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude

and a direction.
TRIANGLE LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION

Triangle Law:
When two vectors are represented as two sides of the triangle with
the order of magnitude and direction, then the third side of the
triangle represents the magnitude and direction of the resultant
vector.
PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF VECTOR ADDITION

Parallelogram Law:
If two vectors acting simultaneously at a point can be represented
both in magnitude and direction by the adjacent sides of a
parallelogram drawn from a point, then the resultant vector is
represented both in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the
parallelogram passing through that point.
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

The trigonometric functions can be defined in terms of particular

ratios of sides of right triangles.
SOH-CAH-TOA

Pythagorean Theorem
SINE LAW AND COSINE LAW
SINE LAW: This law is useful for
finding a missing angle when given an
angle and two sides, or for finding a
missing side when given two angles
and one side.
COSINE LAW: This law is mostly useful
for finding an angle measure when given
all side lengths. It's also useful for finding
a missing side when given the other sides
and one angle measure.
EXAMPLES:

1. Calculate the value of cosθ in 2. Calculate the missing angle of

the triangle. a triangle
THANK YOU!