Mixture and Aligation

Mixture and Alligations
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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Solved Examples 2
Practice Questions 22
Answer Key 32
Solutions 32
Let’s get started..
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Introduction
1. Mixture:
Mixture is a solution containing two or more products which bears a fixed
proportion to each other, by quantity.
2. Alligation:
It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at
the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of desired price.
3. Mean Price:
The cost of a unit quantity of the mixture is called the mean price.
4. Rule of Alligation:
If two ingredients are mixed, then
Quantity of cheaper C.P. of dearer - Mean Price
=
Quantity of dearer Mean price - C.P. of cheaper
We present as under:
(Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity) = (d - m) : (m - c).

5. Suppose a container contains x of liquid from which y units are taken out and
replaced by water.
y n
After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid = x 1 - units.
x
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Solved Examples
Q.1) 8 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and is then filled with
water. This operation is performed three more times. The ratio of the
quantity of wine now left in cask to that of the water is 16:65. How
much wine the cask hold originally?
a) 24 litres
b) 32 litres
c) 40 litres
d) 42 litres
e) None of these
Answer 1- A
Explanation:
Let the quantity of the wine in the cask originally be y litres
Then, quantity of wine left in cask after 4 operations =(1−8/y)4 litres
Therefore, (1−8/y)4= 16/81
=>[1 – 8/y]4 = (2/3)4
y = 24 litres
Q.2) A Jar contains 30 liters mixture of Water and Milk in the ratio of x:y
respectively. When 10 liter of the mixture is taken out and replaced it
milk, then the ratio becomes 2:3. Then what is the initial quantity of
water in the Jar?
a) 10 litre
b) 12 litre
c) 15 litre
d) 18 litre
e) 22 litre
Answer 2– D
Explanation:
x+y =30
(x-10*x/x+y)/ (y-10*y/(x+y) + 10) = 2/3
2x-4/3y = 20
x =18
Q.3) Mr R covered 180 km distance in 10 hours. The first part of his

journey he covered by Car, then he hired a Rickshaw. The speed of the
car and rickshaw is 25 kmph and 15 kmph respectively. The ratio of the
distances covered by the car and the rickshaw is?
a) 7:2
b) 7:9
c) 7:3
d) 7:5
e) 7:4
Answer 3– D
Explanation:
Average Speed = 180/10 = 18kmph
15………………….25
…………18………….
7…………………….3
The ratio of time taken by rickshaw to car = 7:3
The ratio of distances covered by rickshaw to car = 7 * 15:3 * 25 = 7:5
Q.4) A jar was full with Milk. A person used to draw out 20% of the Milk
from the jar and replaced it with water. He has repeated the same
process 5 times and thus there was only 514 gm of milk left in the jar,
the rest part of the jar was filled with the water. The initial amount of
milk in the jar was:
a) 1.524 kg
b) 1.568 kg
c) 1.75 kg
d) 1.45 kg
e) None of these
Answer 4– B
Explanation:
Shortcut:
514 = x(1-1/5)5
x = 1.568 kg
Q.5) A mixture of sugar is sold at Rs.3 per Kg. This mixture is formed by
mixing the sugar of Rs.2.10 per kg and Rs.2.52 per kg. What is the ratio
of price of cheaper to the costlier quality in the mixture if the profit of
25% is being earned?
a) 2:1
b) 2:3
c) 2:5
d) 2:9
e) 2:7
Answer 5–C
Explanation:
Selling Price = x + 25*x/100 = 3; x = 2.4
210………………….252
…………240………….
12…………………….30
2:5
Q.6) A Jar contains 200 liters of Milk a thief stole ‘P’ liters of Milk and
replaced it with water. Next, he stole 40 liters of Milk and replaced it
with water. Again, he stole 50 liters of Milk and replaced with water. If
the quantity of water in the final mixture is 92 liters. Then what is the
value of P?
a) 15 litres
b) 20 litres
c) 24 litres
d) 30 litres
e) None of these
Answer 6– B
Explanation:
Milk = 200-92 =108
108 = 200*(200-p)/200*160/200*150/200
p = 20 Liter
Q.7) From a container, 6 liters Solution “R” was drawn out and was
replaced by water. Again 6 liters of the mixture was drawn out and was
replaced by the water. Thus, the quantity of Solution “R” and water in
the container after these two operations is 9:16. The quantity of the
mixture is:
a) 20 L
b) 25 L
c) 15 L
d) 10 L
e) 35 L
Answer 7– C
Explanation:
Quantity of solution “R” = x(1-6/x)²
Solution “R”: Water = 9:16
Solution “R”: Solution “R” + water = 9:25
x(1-6/x)²/x = 9/25
x = 15L
Q.8) In a pre-primary school, the average weight of boys in a class is 30

kg and the average weight of girls in the same class is 20kg. If the
average weight of the whole class is 23.25 kg, what could be the
possible strength of boys and girls respectively in the same class?
a) 13 and 17
b) 18 and 19
c) 13 and 27
d) 16 and 14
e) 15 and 12
Answer 8– C
Explanation:
20…………………….30
…………23.25………….
6.75…………………….3.25
Total number of boys and Total number of girls = 13 and 27
Q.9) One quantity of wheat priced at Rs 9.30 per Kg is mixed with

another quality at a certain rate in the ratio 8:7. If the mixture so
formed be worth Rs 10 per Kg, what is the rate per Kg of the second
quality of rice?
a) 12.75
b) 20.50
c) 15.45
d) 10.80
e) none of these
Answer 9– D
Explanation:
Let the rate of second quality be Rs x per Kg.
9.30….…………x
…………10………….
8………………………7
7X – 70 = 5.6
X = 10.80
Q.10) How many kgs of wheat of variety-1 costing Rs.42/kg should a

shopkeeper mix with 25 kgs of wheat of variety-2 costing Rs.24 per kg
so that he makes a profit of 25% on selling the mixture at Rs.40/kg?
a) 10
b) 15
c) 20
d) 25
e) 30
Answer 10- C
Explanation:
Shortcut Method:
25% profit by selling the mixture at Rs.40/kg, his cost per kg of the
mixture = Rs.32/kg.
125 = 40
100 = 32
42……………….24
………32………….
8…………………….10
10 = 25
8 = 20
Q.11) A can contains 50 litres of petrol. 10 litres of this petrol is taken

out and replaced with water. This process is repeated twice. Find the
amount of remaining petrol in the mixture?
a) 88 litres
b) 272/3 litres
c) 127/3 litres
d) 262/5 litres
e) 128/5 litres
Answer 11– E
Explanation:
Remaining milk = 50 [1 – (10/50)]3
= 25.6 = 128/5
Q.12) A mixture of 150 liters of wine and water contains 20% water.
How much more water should be added so that water becomes 25% of
the new mixture?
a) 05 litres
b) 10 litres
c) 20 litres
d) 30 litres
e) None of these
Answer 12–B
Explanation:
Number of liters of water in 125 liters of the mixture = 20% of 150 = 1/5
of 150 = 30 liters
Let us Assume that another 'X' liters of water are added to the mixture to
make water 25% of the new mixture. So, the total amount of water
becomes (30 + X) and the total volume of the mixture becomes (150 + X)
Thus, (30 + X) = 25% of (150 + X)
Solving, we get X = 10 liters
Q.13) How many kilogram of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed
with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per kg so that there may be a gain of
10% by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per kg?
a) 45 Kg
b) 59 Kg
c) 63 Kg
d) 70 Kg
e) None of these
Answer 13– C
Explanation:
S.P. of 1 kg of mixture = Rs. 9.24, Gain 10%.
Therefore, C.P. of 1 kg of mixture = Rs.100/110 x 9.24= Rs. 8.40
By the rule of alleviation, we have:
CP (1st kind) CP(2nd kind)
9………………………………………………………………….…………….. 7
………………………………….….8.4…………….…………………………..
1.4 ………………………………………………………………………………. 0.6
Ratio of quantities of 1st and 2nd kind = 14: 6 = 7: 3.

Let x kg of sugar of 1st be mixed with 27 kg of 2nd kind.
Then, 7: 3 = x: 27
x = (7 x 27)/ 3 = 63 kg.
Q.14) Rs 4000 is lent in 2 parts, 1 part at 8% per annum and 2nd part at
12% per annum. At the end of a year Rs 400 is received as simple
interest. Find the part lent at 8% p.a.
a) 1500
b) 2000
c) 2500
d) 3000
e) 3500
Answer 14– B
Explanation:
Effective interest rate = 400/4000*100 = 10
8…………………12
……… 10……….
2………………….2
1:1
1/2*4000 = 2000
Q.15) A 30 litres milk-water mixture contains 50% milk. How much pure
milk need to be added to this mixture to make the mixture 30% water?
a) 5 litres
b) 10 litres
c) 15 litres
d) 18 litres
e) 20 litres
Answer 15- E
Explanation:
30 litres mixture contains 15 litres of water. When milk added to this,
quantity of water will remain same (i.e. 15 l)
Let x l of pure milk to be added, then
30% of (30+x) = 15
Solve, x = 20
Q.16) A can contains 60 litres of milk. 10 litres of this milk is taken out
and replaced with water. This process is repeated again. Find the
amount of remaining milk in the mixture?
a) 45 litres
b) 40/3 litres
c) 262/3 litres
d) 125/3 litres
e) None of these
Answer 16– D
Explanation:
Remaining milk = 60 [1 – (10/60)]2
= 125/3 litres
Q.17) A can contains 40 litres of milk at Rs 3.5 per litre. How much
water must be added to this can so that the cost of milk reduces to Rs 2
per litre?
a) 30 litres
b) 20 litres
c) 15 litres
d) 10 litres
e) None of these
Answer 17– A
Explanation:
Milk(40 litres) Water(x litres)
3.5 0
2
2 1.5
Ratio = 2: 1.5 = 4: 3
So, 4/3 = 40/x
solve, x = 30
Q.18) 150 kg of rice is at Rs 7 per kg. 50 kg is sold at 10% profit. At what

rate per kg the remaining need to be sold so that there is a profit of 20%
on the total price?
a) 9.75 Rs
b) 8.75 Rs
c) 8.25 Rs
d) 10.25 Rs
e) None of these
Answer 18– B
Explanation:
Let remaining 100 kg at x%. so,
50 kg 100 kg
10% x%
20%
(x-20) 10
So (x-20)/10 = 50 kg/100 kg
Solve, x = 25%
100 kg costs = 100*7 = Rs 700
So, at 25% profit SP of 100 kg is (125/100) * 700 = Rs 875
So, SP of 1 kg = 875/100 = 8.75
Q.19) A 132 litres of mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 5: 7.
How much milk need to be added to this mixture so that the new ratio
is 13: 11 respectively?
a) 26 litres
b) 30 litres
c) 40 litres
d) 36 litres
e) None of these
Answer 19– D
Explanation:
Milk in original = (5/12) * 132 = 55 l, so water = 132 – 55 = 77 l
Let x l of milk to be added, so
(55+x)/77 = 13/11
Solve, x = 36
Q.20) A mixture contains A and B in the ratio 2: 5. 7 litres of mixture is

replaced by 18 litres of A and the new ratio becomes 8:11 respectively.
What is the amount of A present in the original mixture?
a) 20 litres
b) 24 litres
c) 40 litres
d) 44 litres
e) None of these
Answer 20– B
Explanation:
A = 2x, B = 5x
After 7 litres draw out:
A = 2x – (2/7)*7 = 2x – 2, B = 5x – (5/7)*7 = 5x – 5
After 18 l of A put back, A = (2x – 2) + 18 = 2x +16
So (2x+16)/(5x-5) = 8/11
Solve, x = 12
So, A = 2x = 2*12 = 24 litres
Practice Questions
Q.1) Rs 2000 is lent in 2 parts, 1 part at 8% per annum and 2nd part at
15% per annum. At the end of a year Rs 216 is received as simple
interest. Find the part lent at 15% p.a.
a) 600 Rs
b) 700 Rs
c) 800 Rs
d) 900 Rs
e) 1500 Rs
Q.2) How must a shop owner mix 4 types of sugar worth Rs95, Rs60,
Rs90 and Rs50 per kg so that he can make the mixture of these sugar
worth Rs80 per kg?
a) 3:2:4:8
b) 3:2:4:6
c) 6:2:4:5
d) 3:2:5:9
e) None of these
Q.3) A jar contains a mixture of two liquids P and Q in the ratio 4:1.
When 10litres of the mixture is taken out and 10 liters of liquid Q is
poured into the jar, the ratio becomes 2:3. How many liters of liquid P
was contained in the jar?
a) 12 litres
b) 14 litres
c) 18 litres
d) 16 litres
e) 10 litres
Q.4) If 50% of 2:3 solution of milk and water is replaced with water,
then what is the percentage increase in water?
a) 22
b) 44
c) 66
d) 33
e) 55
Q.5) A dairy man pays Rs.6.40 per liter of milk. He adds water and sells
the mixture at Rs.8 per liter thereby making 37.5% profit. Find the ratio
of the water to milk received by the customers?
a) 1:10
b) 1:15
c) 1:20
d) 2:10
e) 2:15
Q.6) Milk and water are in the ratio of 3:2 in a mixture of 80 liters. How
much water should be added so that the ratio of milk and water
become 2:3?
a)20
b) 25
c) 30
d) 35
e) 40
Q.7) A container contains 40 liters of the milk. From the container 4

liters of the milk was taken out and replaced by water. This process was
repeated further two times. How much milk is now contained by the
container?
a) 30.16 litres
b) 29.16 litres
c) 28.16 litres
d) 27.16 litres
e) None of these
Q.8) In a 70 litres mixture of milk and water, % of water is 30%. The

milkman gave 20 litres of this mixture to a customer and then added 20
litres of water to the remaining mixture. What is the % of milk in the
final mixture?
a)40%
b) 35%
c) 30%
d) 25%
e) 50%
Q.9) A can contains 30litres of juice, from this container 5litres of juice
was taken out and replaced by water. This process was repeated further
two times. How much juice is now contained by the container?
a) 13
b) 15
c) 17
d) 19
e) 21
Q.10) How much water must be added to 100cc of 80% solution of Boric
acid to reduce it to a 50% solution?
a) 70
b) 60
c) 50
d) 40
e) None of these
Q.11) The average weekly salary per head of the entire staff of a factory
consisting of supervisors and the labourers is Rs. 55. The average salary
per head of the supervisors is Rs. 300 and that of the labourers is Rs. 40.
Given that the number of supervisors is 10, find the number of
labourers in the factory.
a) 60
b) 100
c) 140
d) 163
e) 80
Q.12) Rajan mixes 70kg of sugar worth Rs.28.50 per kg with 100kg of
sugar worth Rs.30.50 per kg. At what rate shall he sell the mixture to
gain 10%?
a) 30.45
b) 29.64
c) 32.64
d) 29.75
e) 32.79
Q.13) Petrol contains 15% water. What quantity of pure petrol should
be added to 50 litres of petrol to reduce the quantity of water to 12%?
a) 14.5 litres
b) 12.5 litres
c) 10.5 litres
d) 20 litres
e) 17 litres
Q.14) A company is creating a new signature drink. They are using two
alcoholic ingredients in the drink vodka and gin. They are using two
non-alcoholic ingredients in the drink: orange juice and cranberry juice.
The alcoholic ingredients contain 50% alcohol. The non-alcoholic
ingredients contain no alcohol. How many litres of non-alcoholic
ingredients must be added to 5 litres of alcoholic ingredients to produce
a mixture that is 20% alcohol?
a) 6.5
b) 7.5
c) 8.5
d) 9.5
e) 9
Q.15) A man travelled a distance of 40 km. in 5 hours partly on foot at

the rate of 7 km per hour and partly on bicycle at 12 km. per hour. Find
the distance travelled on foot?
a) 24 km
b) 32 km
c) 30 km
d) 28 km
e) None of these
Q.16) A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he
mixes with water and there by gains 20%.The percentage of water in
the mixture is?
a) 13.67%
b) 15.67%
c) 16.67%
d) 13.45%
e) 25%
Q.17) In 600 gram of mixture of salt and water, there is 40 % water.

How much water should be converted to steam so that water in the
mixture remains 25 %.
a) 70 grams
b) 90 grams
c) 110 grams
d) 170 grams
e) 120 grams
Q.18) A can contains a mixture of two liquids A and B in the ratio 9:7
when 8 liters of mixture are drawn off and the can is filled with B,the
ratio of A and B becomes 9:8.How many liters of liquid A was contained
by the can initially?
a) 70.5 litres
b) 76.5 litres
c) 63 litres
d) 82.5 litres
e) None of these
Q.19) From a tank of petrol, which contains 500 litres of petrol initially,
the seller sells 50litres of petrol each time and replenishes the tank with
kerosene. Every time he sells out only 50litres of petrol.After replacing
4th time petrol with kerosene, find the total amount of kerosene in the
mixture?
a) 170.75 litres
b) 179.05 litres
c) 171.95 litres
d) 168.75 litres
e) 180.45 litres
Q.20) 90 litres of a mixture of milk and water contains 20% water. How
much water should be added so that the mixture has 28% water?
a) 10 litres
b) 12 litres
c) 15 litres
d) 20 litres
e) None of these
Answer Key
1(C) 2(B) 3(D) 4(D) 5(A)
6(E) 7(B) 8(E) 9(C) 10(B)
11(D) 12(C) 13(B) 14(B) 15(D)
16(C) 17(E) 18(B) 19(C) 20(A)
Solutions
Answer 1 – C
Explanation:
216 = 2000*r*1/100
r = 10.8%
By the method of allegation:
1st part 2nd part
8 15
10.8
4.2 2.8
4.2: 2.8 = 3: 2
At 15% = (2/5) * 2000 = Rs. 800
Answer 2 –B
Explanation:
1st pair: 2nd pair:
50 95 60 90
80 80
15 30 10 20
Final ratio = 15:10:20:30 = 3:2:4:6
Answer 3 – D
Explanation:
P:Q= 4:1
Let P=4x and Q=1x
P:Q(10 Liters)= 8:2
4𝑥 − 8 2
∴ =
𝑥 − 2 + 10 3
On solving, we get x=4.

∴ Original Quantity of P= 4X= 4x4= 16.
Answer 4 – D
Explanation:
Milk : water
20 30
-10 -15
+25
—- —-
10 40
Percentage increase in water = [(40-30)/30] x 100
=33.33%
Answer 5 – A
Explanation:
Suppose milk x and water y liters
Reqd. ratio of water and milk= y:x
CP of x liters milk=Rs.6.4x
SP of x liters milk=Rs.8(x+y)
64=8(x+y)*100/137.5
x:y=1:10
Answer 6 – E
Explanation:
Milk =48 water =32
48/(32+x) = 2/3 = 40
Answer 7 –B
Explanation:
Amount of milk left after 3 operations
40(1-4/40) ^3 liters = 29.16 litres
Answer 8 – E
Explanation:
20litre given remaining = 70-20 = 50litre
Quantity of milk = 50*70/100 = 35litre
Quantity of water = 50-35 = 15litre
20litres of water added = 50+20 = 70
% of milk = 35*100/70 =50%
Answer 9 – C
Explanation:
Quantity of milk in the final mixture = 30[1-(5/30)]3
= 30*(5/6) 3
= 30*125/216 = 17.36 liter = 17
Answer 10 – B
Explanation:
50%(100+x)=80
x = 60
Answer 11 – D
Explanation:
40………………………………..300
………………….55…………………….
245…………………………………15
(Number of labourers)/(Number of supervisors) = 245/15 = 16.33/1 =
163.33/10
∴ Number of labourers = 163.33 = 163
Answer 12 – C
Explanation:
70/100 = 100x – 30.50(110)/28.50(110)-100x
0.7 = 100x-3355/3135-100x
2194.5 – 70x = 100x-3355
170x = 5549.5
X = 32.64
Answer 13 – B
Explanation:
50*15/100 = (50+x)*12/100
7.5 *100 = 600+12x
12x = 150
X = 150/12 = 12.5litre
Answer 14 – B
Explanation:
(5+x) (20%) = 5(50%) + x(0%)
(5+x) 0.2 = 5(0.5) + 0
1+0.2x = 2.5
X = 2.5-1/0.2 = 1.5/0.2 = 7.5
Answer 15 – D
Explanation:
7……………………………………….12
………………..40/5=8………………
4……………………………………….1
Time taken on foot /Time taken on bicycle = 4:1
Distance travelled on foot = 4*7 = 28km
Answer 16 – C
Explanation:
P of 1 litre milk = Re 1.
S.P of 1 litre mixture=Re 1. Gain=20%
C.P of 1 litre mixture =Re(100/120*1) = Re 5/6.
C.P of 1 litre milk C.P of 1 litre of water

Re 1 0
5/6
5/6 1/6
Ratio of milk to water =5/6: 1/6 = 5:1
% of water in the mixture=1/6*100=16.67%
Answer 17 –E
Explanation:
= 600*(40-25)/(100-25)
=600*(15/75)
= 120gm
Answer 18 – B
Explanation:
Initial = 9x and 7x
Quantity of A in mixture left = (9x- (9/16)*8)
= 9x – (9/2)
Quantity of B in mixture left = (7x – (7/16)*8)
= 7x – (7/2)
[9x – (9/2)]/[7x – (7/2)+8] = 9/8
18x-9/14x + 9 = 9/8
144x-72 = 126x+81
18x=153
X = 153/18 = 8.5
9x = 9*8.5 = 76.5litre
Answer 19 – C
Explanation:
Amount of petrol left = 500[1-50/500]4
= 500[9/10]4= 500*6561/10000
= 328.05
Amount of kerosene = 500-328.05 = 171.95litres
Answer 20 – A
Explanation:
Quantity of water = 90*20/100 = 18
18+x/90+x = 28/100
1800+100x = 2520+28x
72x = 720
X = 10litres

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(Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity) = (d - m) : (m - c).

Q.3) Mr R covered 180 km distance in 10 hours. The first part of his

Q.8) In a pre-primary school, the average weight of boys in a class is 30

Q.9) One quantity of wheat priced at Rs 9.30 per Kg is mixed with

Q.10) How many kgs of wheat of variety-1 costing Rs.42/kg should a

Q.11) A can contains 50 litres of petrol. 10 litres of this petrol is taken

Ratio of quantities of 1st and 2nd kind = 14: 6 = 7: 3.

Q.18) 150 kg of rice is at Rs 7 per kg. 50 kg is sold at 10% profit. At what

Q.20) A mixture contains A and B in the ratio 2: 5. 7 litres of mixture is

Q.7) A container contains 40 liters of the milk. From the container 4

Q.8) In a 70 litres mixture of milk and water, % of water is 30%. The

Q.15) A man travelled a distance of 40 km. in 5 hours partly on foot at

Q.17) In 600 gram of mixture of salt and water, there is 40 % water.

On solving, we get x=4.

C.P of 1 litre milk C.P of 1 litre of water

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