CHAPTER 9 : RATIO AND RATE

A ratio is a way of comparing two or more quantities of the same kind that
either have no units / measured in the same unit

Example 1 : There are 16 boys and 20 girls . Find the ratio of

a) The number of boys to the number of girls

16 : 20 (simplify divide by 4 )
So, boys : girls = 4 : 5

b) The number of girls to the number of boys

20 : 16 (simplify divide by 4 )
So, girls : boys = 5 : 4

c) The number of boys to the total number of students

16 : 36 (simplify divide by 4 )
So,boys : total = 4 : 9

d) The number of girls to the total number of students

20 : 36 (simplify divide by 4 )
So,boys : total = 5 : 9
Example 2: If the ratio of number of boys to the number of girls is 4 : 5 . If
there 36 students in total. Find how many girls and how many boys are there ?
Boys=4x
Girls= 5x Total = 9x

Total = 9x
36 = 9x (divide both of side by 9)
4=x
Boys = 4x = 4( 4) = 16
Girls= 5x = 5(4) = 20
Example 3 : If the ratio of number of boys to the number of girls is 4 : 5 . If
there are 20 girls . Fin the total of students !
Boys=4x
Girls= 5x Total = 9x

20 = 5x (divide both of side by 5)

4=x
Total = 9x = 9(4) = 36

Equivalent Ratio
Example 1: Given 4x : 9 = 7 : 3 Find the value of x
Write as fraction form
4𝑥 7
9
=3 (cross multiplying)

3(4x) = 7(9)
12x = 63 (divide both of side by 12)
x = 5.25
Example 2 : Given 3x : 8 = 9y : 4 . Find the ratio of x : y
Write as fraction form
3𝑥 9𝑦
8
= 4
(cross multiplying)

4(3x) = 8(9y)
12x = 72y (divide both of side by 12y)
12𝑥 72𝑦
=
12𝑦 12𝑦
𝑥 6
=
𝑦 1

Ratio involving 3 quantities

Example 1: There are 18 apples , 27 mangoes, and 54 pears
Find the ratio of apple to mango
Find the ratio of apple to pear
Find the ratio of mango to the total number of fruits
Find the ratio between apples , mangoes , and pears

Example 2 : The ratio of apple , mango and pear is 2 : 3 : 6

If there are more 36 pears than apples , find the how many
mangoes are there ?
apple = 2x
Differences = 4x
pear = 6x 36 = 4x (divide both of side by 4)
mango= 3x 9= x
mango= 3x = 3(9) = 27
Example 3 : The ratio of apple , mango and pear is 2 : 3 : 6
If there are 72 apple and pears in total ,
How many more pears than mangoes are there ?
Apple = 2x total = 8x
Pear = 6x 72 = 8x (divide both of side by 8)
9=x
Difference pears and mangoes = 6x – 3x = 3x = 3(9) = 27
Example 4 : The ratio of apple to mango is 2 : 3
And the ratio of mango to pear 1 : 2
a) Find the ratio of apple to mango to pear !
Apple : Mango = 2 : 3 (multiply by 1) Apple : Mango = 2 : 3
Mango : pear = 1 : 2 (multiply by 3) Mango : pear = 3 : 6
So , apple : mango : pear = 2 : 3 : 6

b) If there are 27 mangoes how many the total of all fruits ?

Mango = 3x
27 = 3x (divide both of side by 3 )
9 =x
Total = 2x + 3x + 6x
Total = 11x = 11(9) = 99
Examples 5 : If A : B = 11 : 8 and B : C = 6 : 7
a) Calculate A : B : C
A : B = 11 : 8 (multiply by 3) A : B = 33 : 24
B : C = 6 : 7 (multiply by 4) B : C = 24 : 28
So , A : B : C = 33 : 24 : 28

b) Calculate A : C
Answer A : C = 33 : 28
Problem involving ratios of three quantities
Example 1 : sum of money is divided among Bernard, Sherly, and Marcelo
in the ratio 9 : 8 : 7 . After Bernard gives $25 each to Sherly and Marcelo ,
the ratio becomes 16 : 17 : 15 .
Calculate the amount of money Bernard had at first !
Bernard : Sherly : Marcello
Ratio before = 9x : 8x : 7x
After (Bernard gives $25 to each ) = 9x – 50 : 8x + 25 : 7x + 25

Changing ratio = 16 : 17 : 15
We can compare any those two names
But here let we compare using Bernard to Sherly
𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑑 16
=
𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑦 17
9𝑥−50 16
= (cross multiplying )
8𝑥+25 17
17(9x – 50 ) = 16(8x + 25)
153x – 850 = 128x + 400 (subtract both of side by 128x and add by 850)
153x – 128x = 400 + 850 (evaluate )
25x = 1250 (divide both of side by 25)
x = 50
Bernard money at first = 9x = 9 ($50) = $450
Rate
Rate is a way of comparing how one quantity changes with another quantity
A rate that compares two quantities of the same kind can be converted to a
ratio and vice versa

Rate involving quantities of different kinds

Example 1 :
Shop A Shop B
6 eggs cost $1.50 10 eggs cost $2.4
Which shop should we buy the egg from ?
solution : Shop A shop B
6 eggs = $ 1.50 10 eggs = $ 2.4
1 egg = $ 0.25
10 eggs = $ 2.5
The eggs is cheaper in shop B
Example 2:
Option A Option B
950ml body wash 950ml + 250ml body wash
$6.95 $8.80
Which option gives the better value for money ?
Solution :
Option A Option B
950 ml = $ 6.95 1200ml = $ 8.80
1 ml = $ 0.0073
1200 ml = $8.76
So option A is better for money
Application of constant average rate :
Example 1 : a) A shopping centre charge a fixed amount per minute of parking
Raju pays $6 for parking his car in the shopping centre for 2.5h
Calculate how much he pay to park his car in the shopping
3
centre for 1 h ?
4

2.5 h =$6
1h = $2.4
3
1 = $ 4.20
4

c) On another occasion , Raju drives from Singapore to Malaysia

His car required 18 litres of petrol to travel a distance of 243
km
(i) How far on average , can his car travel on 44 litres of
petrol

18 litre = 243 km
1 litre = 13.5 km
44 litre = 594 km

(ii) Given the cost of petrol is $1.87 per litre , how much on
average , does he have to pay for the petrol to travel a
distance of 675km ?
243 km = 18 litres
2
1km = litre
27
2
675 km = litres x 675 = 50 litres
27

Answer : $ 1.87 x 50 litres = $93.50

Example 2 : A tank can be filled by 4 identical taps in 70 minutes

Find the time take for 10 such taps to fill the same tank !
4 taps = 70 minutes
1 taps = 70 x 4 = 280 minutes (required more time )
10 taps = 280 ÷ 10 = 28 minutes (required less time)

Example 3 : 5 men can paint a house in 3 days

Assuming that all the men work at the same rate
How long will it take 10 men to paint a house
5 men 3 days
1 men 5 x 3 = 15 days (required more day)
10 men 15 ÷ 10 = 1.5 days (required less day)

Example 4 : Andi borrows $1000 from a financial institution that charges

simple interest at a rate of 4% per annum . Calculate the amount of interest he
has to pay at the end of 3 years
4
Interest 1 year = x $1000 = $ 40
100

Interest 3 years = 3 x $40 = $120

Example 5 : Silvia invest $4000 in saving scheme that pays simple interest at a
rate of 2% per annum . Calculate the time taken for her investment to grow
$4400 ?
2
Interest per year = x$ 4000 = $ 80
100

Interest for (x) years = $4400 -$4000= $400

$400
Time taken = = 5 years
$80
Speed
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆
Speed =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

Example 1: A train travels 16.8 km in 15 minutes

Find the speed of the train in :
a) km/h b) m/s
distance = 16.8 km = 16800 m
1
time = 15 min = h = 1500 s
4
16.8 𝑘𝑚
a) Speed (km/h ) = 1 = 67.2 km/h
ℎ
4
16800
b) Speed (m/s) = = 11.2 m/s
1500

Average speed
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Average Speed =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

Example 1 : Nadia set off from her home on a 70-km journey to her
friend’s house . She travels the first 40 km of her journey at a speed
60km/h . and the remaining at a speed of 70km/h . Calculate the
average speed for her entire journey
Solution :
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
Speed =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Distance = speed x 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒

Time = Speed =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
time
40 km 40𝑘𝑚/ℎ 2 60 km/h
= h
60 𝑘𝑚 3
30 km 30 𝑘𝑚/ℎ 3 70 km/h
= h
70 𝑘𝑚 7
Total = 70 km 23 70
Total = h Average speed = 23
21
21
km/h = 63.91 km/h

Example 2 : A car travel at an average speed of 60km/h from Town A

to Town B.If the car travels at an average speed of 72 km /h instead ,
it would reach Town B 15 minutes earlier . Calculate the distance
between Town A and Town B 15 minutes early
S1 = 60 km/h
S2 = 72 km/h

A B
Distance ? ……

Speed 1( 60 km/h) take more minutes rather than Speed 2 (72km/h)

Time 1 – time 2 = 15 minutes
𝑑 𝑑 15
- = h
𝑠1 𝑠2 60
𝑑 𝑑 1
𝑘𝑚 - 𝑘𝑚 = h
60 72 4
ℎ ℎ

𝑑 𝑑 1
- = (convert to be like fraction )
60 72 4
LCM = 360
6𝑑 5𝑑 90
- =
360 360 360
𝑑 90
=
360 360

d = 90 km
Example 3: A car leaves Town A for Town B , which are 550 km a part
at average speed of 72km/h . At the same time , a truck leaves Town
B for Town A and travels along the same road as the car at an
average speed of 38 km/h .
a) Find the time taken for the two vehicles to meet !
b) Where do they pass each other ?

72 km/h 38 km/h

car truck
Distance = 550 km B
A

Distance 1 + distance 2 = 550 km

(Speed x time) + (speed x time) = 550 km

72t + 38t = 550
110t = 550 (divide both of side by 110 )
t =5h
c) Car will pass the truck after travel 5 hours
Distance car to pass truck = speed x time
= 72km/h x 5
= 360 km
So they will pass each other at 360 km from city A