RATIO

Different Ways in Expressing Ratio

1. COLON FORM
2. DIVISION or FRACTION FORM
3. PHRASE FORM
EXAMPLE 1
Write and express the following ratios in simplest form.

1. 5 boys is to 25 girls
2. 10 teachers is to 420 students
3. 15 apple is to 20 oranges
4. 1 hour to 40 minutes
5. 2 weeks to 4 days
 EXAMPLE
1. Eight out of 30 passengers are tourist. Find the ratio of the
tourist to the other passengers.

30-8 = 22 (other passengers)

8 2 𝟒
÷ = 𝒐𝒓 𝟒: 𝟏𝟏
22 2 𝟏𝟏
2. Ms. De Leon class has 32 students, of which 20
are girls. Write the ratio of girls to boys.
32 – 20 = 12 (number of boys)
Simplify:
𝟐𝟎 𝟒 𝟓
÷ = 𝒐𝒓 𝟓 ∶ 𝟑
𝟏𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
 EXAMPLE
3. Mark has 42 marbles.
Fourteen marbles are
42 – 14 = 28 (green marbles)
red while the rest are
green. What is the ratio
of red marbles to the 𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟒 𝟏
green marbles? ÷ = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏: 𝟐
𝟐𝟖 𝟏𝟒 𝟐
 EXAMPLE
4. A math club has 40
members, of which 22 𝟐𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟏
are males and the rest ÷ = 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟏 ∶ 𝟐𝟎
𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝟐𝟎
are females. What is
the ratio of males to all
the club members?
EXAMPLE
8 boys + 21 girls
5. A group of teachers
has 8 boys and 21 girls. = 27 teachers
What is the ratio of 𝟐𝟏
girls to all the teachers.
𝟐𝟗
PROPORTION
 PROPORTION

It shows that two ratios are equal

and it can be written as a:b = c:d
𝑎 𝑐
or = where b ≠ 0, d ≠ 0.
𝑏 𝑑
EXAMPLE

2:3 4:6
a:b=c:d EXTREMES

2:3=4:6 2 4
MEANS
=
EXTREMES
3 6
MEANS
Let’s Try
Direction: Identify the Means and Extremes of a given pair of ratios.

RATIOS MEANS EXTREMES

1. 4 : 5, 24 : 30 5 and 24 4 and 30

2. 5 : 6, 20 : 24 6 and 20 5 and 24

3. 2 : 7, 20 : 56 7 and 20 2 and 56

4. 4 : 10, 28 : 70 10 and 28 4 and 70

5. 5 : 12, 15 : 36 12 and 15 5 and 36

Direction
• SOLVE FOR THE VALUE OF x.

Example 1: 9 : x = 15 : 20
𝟗 𝟐𝟎 = 𝒙 𝟏𝟓 → 𝑪𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑴𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒚

180 15𝑥
= → 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑦
15 15

𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐
Example 2:
x : 5 = 30 : 3

x (3) = 5 (30)
3x = 150
x = 50
Example 3: x+3:4=9:2
( x + 3 ) 2 = 4(9)
2x + 6 = 36
2x = 36- 6
2x = 30
x = 15
EXAMPLE 4:
x – 5 : 10 = 3 : 15
(x-5)15 = 10(3)
15x -75 = 30
15x = 75 + 30 = 105
x=7
EXAMPLE 5:
2x : 8 = 3 : 4

2x(4) = 8 (3)
8x = 24
x=3
Determine if the given problems are PROPORTION or NOT
Example 1:
3 ft is to 36 in, 4ft is to 48 in. Is it proportional or not?
3𝑓𝑡. 4𝑓𝑡.
=
36𝑖𝑛 48𝑖𝑛

3(48) = 36(4)
144 = 144
PROPORTION
Example 2:
1kg of apple is to 80 pesos, 3kg of oranges is to
240 pesos. Is it proportion?
1 3
=
80 240
1(240) = 3(80)
240 = 240
PROPORTION
Example 3:
250 pesos is to 5kl of mangoes, 300 is to 2kl of
grapes.
250𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠 300 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑠
=
5𝑘𝑙 2𝑘𝑙

250(2) = 300(5)
500 ≠ 1500
NOT PROPORTION
EXAMPLE 4:
80 students is to 2 classrooms, 75 teachers is to 3 faculty
rooms.
80 75
=
2 3
80 (3) = 75 (2)
240 ≠ 150
NOT PROPORTION
EXAMPLE 5:
1 liter of water is to 3 glasses, 10 liters of coke is to 30
glasses
1𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟 10 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
=
3 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 30 𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠

1(30) = 10(3)
30 = 30
PROPORTION
SOLVE PROBLEMS
INVOLVING
PROPORTION
Direction: Determine what are the GIVEN and the UNKNOWN in
the problems.
01 02
Mix 3 liters of water with 4 A boy who is 3 feet tall can cast a
lemons to make lemonade. How shadow on the ground that is 7 feet
many liters of water are mixed long. How tall is a man who can cast
with 8 lemons? a shadow that is 14 feet long?
GIVEN: GIVEN:
3 liters of water Boy height – 3ft tall
4 lemons Shadow – 7ft
x liters of water - unknown Man height – unknown
8 lemons Shadow – 14ft
Direction: Determine what are the GIVEN and the UNKNOWN in
the problems.
03 04
3 gallons of paint cover 900 If you can buy one fruit basket for
square feet. How many gallons 600 pesos then how many basket can
will cover 300 square feet? you buy with 1200 pesos?

GIVEN: GIVEN:
3 gallons of paint 600 pesos
Paint cover – 900 square feet 1 fruit basket
x gallons – unknown 1200 pesos
300 square feet # of fruit basket-unknown
Direction: Solve for the UNKNOWN.
Solution:
01 3𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑥
=
Mix 3 liters of water with 4 4𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑠 8𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑠
lemons to make lemonade. How
3liters(8lemons) = x(4lemons)
many liters of water are mixed
with 8 lemons? 24 = 4x
GIVEN: 24 4𝑥
=
3 liters of water 4 4
4 lemons x=6
x liters of water - unknown therefore, 6liters is needed to
8 lemons mixed in 8 lemons.
SOLUTION 02
3𝑓𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥 A boy who is 3 feet tall can cast a
= shadow on the ground that is 7 feet
7𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 14𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔
long. How tall is a man who can cast
3(14) = x(7) a shadow that is 14 feet long?
42 = 7x
GIVEN:
42 7𝑥
= Boy height – 3ft tall
7 7
x=6 Shadow – 7ft
the man who can cast a Man height – unknown
shadow that is 14ft long is 6ft Shadow – 14ft
tall.
 03
3 gallons of paint cover 900 SOLUTION
square feet. How many gallons 𝟑𝒈𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒙
will cover 300 square feet? =
𝟗𝟎𝟎𝒔𝒒. 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒔𝒒. 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕

GIVEN: 3 (300) = x(900)

3 gallons of paint 900 = 900x
900 900𝑥
Paint cover – 900 square feet =
900 900
x gallons – unknown
x=1
300 square feet
therefore, 1 gallon of paint can cover
300 square feet.
 SOLUTION 04
𝟏𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝒙
= If you can buy one fruit basket for
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒔 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒔
600 pesos then how many basket can
you buy with 1200 pesos?
1(1200) = x(600)
1200 = 600x GIVEN:
1200 600𝑥
600
=
600
600 pesos
x=2 1 fruit basket
therefore, 2 baskets of fruit can 1200 pesos
be bought in 1200 pesos. # of fruit basket-unknown
The measures of the three angles of a triangle are in
the ratio of 2:3:4. Find the measures of each angle.
Solution: Let 2x, 3x, and 4x represents the measures.
2x+3x+4x = 1800
2x 9x = 1800
x = 𝟐𝟎𝟎
Substitute the values of x 4x = 4(200 )
2x = 2(20) 4x = 𝟖𝟎𝟎
3x 4x 2x = 𝟒𝟎𝟎
The measure of the angles are 𝟒𝟎𝟎 ,
3x = 3(200 )
𝟔𝟎𝟎 and 𝟖𝟎𝟎 .
3x = 𝟔𝟎𝟎
A boat can travel 408 miles on 34 gallons of gasoline. How much
gasoline will it need to go 288 miles.
SOLUTION:
408𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 288𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠
=
34𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑥
408(x) = 288(34)
408x = 9792
408𝑥 9722
=
408 408
x = 24
43 kilos of bananas cost $266.60. How much would 38
kilos cost?
SOLUTION 43𝑘𝑙 38𝑘𝑙
=
$266.60 𝑥
43(x) = 38(266.6)
43x = 10130.8
43𝑥 10130.8
=
43 43
x = 235.6
SIMILARITY
of
POLYGONS
SIMILAR POLYGONS

Similar polygon has the same shape but

different sizes. The symbol ~, which is
read as “is similar to” indicates that two
polygons are similar.
 J F

2 3

X Y
U N

O Y

Check the similarities ∠J = ∠F Substitute:

𝒙 𝒚
=𝟑=𝒌,
𝒙
= 𝒌 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝒚
= 𝒌. 2𝑘 3𝑘
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 = =𝑘
𝒙 2 3
= 𝒌, 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒌 𝒌=𝒌=𝒌
𝟐
𝒚 k=1
= 𝒌, 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒌
𝟑
 Definition of Similar Polygons
Two polygons are similar if their vertices can be paired so that,
EQUAL MEASURE

1. the corresponding angles are congruent, and

2. the corresponding sides are proportional.

EQUAL RATIO
Example: Corresponding angles
∠A≅∠E
∠B≅∠F
∠C≅∠G

Corresponding sides
𝑬𝑭 𝑭𝑮 𝑮𝑬
= =
∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ~ ∆𝑬𝑭𝑮 𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑪𝑨
Example: B E F

H G

C
Corresponding sides
𝑨𝑩 𝑨𝑫 𝑫𝑨 𝑫𝑪
Corresponding angles = =
D 𝑬𝑭 𝑬𝑯 𝑯𝑬 𝑯𝑮
∠A≅∠E
∠B≅∠F 𝑩𝑪 𝑩𝑨 𝑪𝑫 𝑪𝑩
= =
∠C≅∠G 𝑭𝑮 𝑭𝑬 𝑮𝑯 𝑮𝑭
∠D≅∠H Quadrilateral ABCD ~ EFGH
 ACTIVITY
Determine Proportional sides and corresponding angles of the given
polygons.
Corresponding angles
∠L≅∠K
∠O≅∠I
∠V≅∠N
∠E≅∠D
Corresponding side
𝑳𝑶 𝑳𝑬 𝑽𝑬 𝑶𝑽
= =
𝑲𝑰 𝑲𝑫 𝑵𝑫 𝑰𝑵
𝑶𝑳 𝑶𝑽 𝑬𝑽 𝑳𝑬
Quadrilateral LOVE ~ KIND
= =
𝑰𝑲 𝑰𝑵 𝑫𝑵 𝑲𝑫
 ACTIVITY
Determine Proportional sides and corresponding angles of the given
polygons.
Corresponding angles
∠L≅∠C ∠E≅∠P
∠O≅∠E ∠R≅∠U
∠V≅∠L ∠S≅∠O
Corresponding sides
𝑳𝑶 𝑳𝑺 𝑽𝑬 𝑽𝑶 𝑹𝑺 𝑹𝑬 Hexagon LOVERS ~ COUPLE
= = =
𝑪𝑬 𝑪𝑶 𝑳𝑷 𝑳𝑬 𝑼𝑶 𝑼𝑷
𝑶𝑽 𝑳𝑶 𝑬𝑹 𝑽𝑬 𝑺𝑳 𝑹𝑺
= = =
𝑬𝑳 𝑪𝑬 𝑷𝑼 𝑳𝑷 𝑶𝑪 𝑼𝑶
Corresponding angles
∠S≅∠V
∠T≅∠P
∠I≅∠N
Corresponding sides
𝑺𝑻 𝑻𝑰 𝑰𝑺
= =
𝑽𝑷 𝑷𝑵 𝑵𝑽

∆𝑺𝑻𝑰 ≅ ∆𝑽𝑷𝑵
 Corresponding angles
∠W≅∠H
∠X≅∠I
∠Y≅∠J
∠Z≅∠K
Corresponding angles
𝑾𝑿 𝑾𝒀 𝑾𝒀 𝒀𝒁
= =
𝑯𝑰 𝑯𝑱 𝑯𝑱 𝑱𝑲

𝑿𝒁 𝑾𝑿 𝒀𝒁 𝒁𝑿
= =
𝑰𝑲 𝑯𝑰 𝑱𝑲 𝑲𝑰

Quadrilateral WXZY ≅ HIKJ

SIMILARITY
RATIO
 Similarity Ratio
Similarity ratio is the simplest form of
the lengths of two corresponding sides
of similar polygons.
Directions: Find the similarity ratio of the given
figures.
Proportion of Corresponding sides

Example 1: 𝑴𝑵 𝟏𝟐
= =𝟑
𝑺𝑷 𝟒
𝑴𝑳 𝟏𝟓
= =𝟑
𝑺𝑻 𝟓
𝑵𝑳 𝟗
= = 𝟑
𝑷𝑻 𝟑

∆𝑴𝑵𝑳 ~∆𝑺𝑷𝑻
Example 2: Proportion of corresponding sides
𝑳𝑬 𝟔
= =𝟐
𝑪𝑬 𝟑
𝑬𝑽 𝟏𝟎
= =𝟐
𝑬𝑹 𝟓
𝑽𝑶 𝟖
= =𝟐
𝑹𝑨 𝟒
𝑳𝑶 𝟏𝟎
= =𝟐
𝑪𝑨 𝟓

▱𝑳𝑶𝑽𝑬 ~ ▱ 𝑪𝑨𝑹𝑬
Directions: Answer the following question.
1. Given the similarity, Corresponding sides are proportional
YOUR ~ MINE and the lengths of the sides,
𝒀𝑹 𝒀𝑶 𝑶𝑼 𝑼𝑹
determine the value of x. = = =
𝑴𝑬 𝑴𝑰 𝑰𝑵 𝑵𝑬

𝑌𝑂 𝑂𝑈
=
𝐼𝑀 𝐼𝑁
8 6
=
4 𝑥
8(x) =6(4)
8x = 24

x=3
2. Given the similarity, ABCDE ~ PQRST and the lengths of the
sides, determine the value of x and y.
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑪𝑫 𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑨
= = = =
𝑷𝑸 𝑸𝑹 𝑹𝑺 𝑺𝑻 𝑻𝑷
For y:
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝑦+1 4
= =
𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑅 𝑦+4 8

(y+1)(8)=(y+4)(4)
8y+8=4y+16

4y=8
y=2
For x:
𝐷𝐸 𝐵𝐶
=
𝑆𝑇 𝑄𝑅
𝑥 4
=
6 8
4(6)=8(x)
24=8x
x=3
 Refer to the ff. similar triangles to answer the
following.
ANSWERS

1.∆𝑱𝑨𝑴 ~∆𝒀𝑵𝑶
2.∠J≅ ∠Y;∠A≅∠N; ∠M≅ ∠O
𝑱𝑨 𝑨𝑴 𝑱𝑴
𝟑. = =
1. Name the similarity correspondence. 𝒀𝑵 𝑵𝑶 𝒀𝑶
2. Name all pairs of corresponding congruent angles. 𝑱𝑨 𝟔
3. Name the corresponding sides that are 4. = =𝟐
𝒀𝑵 𝟑
proportional.
2 𝐴𝑀
4. Find the similarity Ratio.
5.1 = AM=8
5. Find AM. 4
Given the similarity, LINE ~ MARK and the m∠L = m∠M
measures of angle, determine the value of y
5y-40 = 4y-10
and m∠L.
5y-5y = 40-10
y = 30

For m∠L:
m∠L= 5y -40 = 5(30)-40 = 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎

For m∠M:
m∠M=4y-10 = 4(30)-10=𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎