Module No.

1 : Week 1 : 2nd Quarter

CONCEPT OF RATIO AND PROPORTION

Learning Competencies:
1. Expresses one value as a fraction of another given their ratio and vice versa
2. Defines and illustrates the meaning of ratio and proportion using concrete or pictorial
models.
Codes: ( M6NS - IIa -129 ) (M6NS - IIb -131)

Lesson 1 : Expressing One Value as a Fraction of Another

Given Their Ratio and Vice Versa
Let’s Recall (Review)
Express the following fractions in lowest term by following these steps:
a. Express the numerators and denominators as products of prime factors.
b. Cancel the common factors.
c. Write the lowest term of the given fraction.
𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟑 𝟑
Example: = 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟕 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐𝒙𝟕 =
𝟐𝟖 𝟕
3 4
______1. _____ 6.
6 10
9 14
______2. _____ 7.
15 24
24 28
______3. _____ 8.
39 2
15 60
______4. _____ 9.
21 6
12 45
______5. _____ 10.
6 81
Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Three friends share some candies. Jamie gets 3 candies, Kate gets
4 candies, and Leo gets 5 candies. What fraction of the candies does
Kate get?

Study the illustrations.

Jamie = 3 candies Kate = 4 candies Leo = 5 candies

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 How many candies are there?
3 + 4 + 5 = 12 candies
How many candies does Kate get?
Kate gets 4 candies
What fraction of the candies does Kate get?
4
Kate gets 4 out of 12 candies. In fraction, that is
12
4
Can we express in lowest term?
12
4 2𝑥2 1
= =
12 2𝑥2𝑥3 3

1
Kate gets of the candies.
3
Example 1:

What fraction of 20 meters is 5 meters?

In the question above, what do we want to express?

We want to express 5 meters as a fraction of 20 meters.

5𝑚 5 1𝑥5 1
Solution: = 20 = 2 𝑥 2 𝑥 5 = 4
20𝑚
𝟏
Therefore: 5𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 20𝑚
𝟒
1
To check 𝑜𝑓 20 = 𝑛
4
1
𝑥 20 = 𝑛
4
20
=𝑛
4
20 4 5
÷ = =5
4 4 1
Example 2:

Express 40 minutes as a fraction of 3 hours.

Note! The units indicated are minutes and hours.
Before we can express one number as a fraction of another, the quantities must
be in the same units! So, we must change 3 hours into minutes.

pg. 2
 We all know that: 1 hour = 60 minutes.
2 hours = 120 minutes
3 hours = 180 minutes
This time, we can use division to express fractions in lowest term.
40 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 40𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 40 20 2
= = ÷ =
3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 180 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 180 20 9
𝟐
Therefore: 40𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠
𝟗
Example 3:

Three – fifth of the class are male. There are 30 pupils in a class.
What is the ratio of the number of male pupils to the number of female
pupils?

How many pupils are in the class? 30

3
How many are male? 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒
5
3
𝑜𝑓 30
5
3
𝑥 30
5
3 3𝑥30 90
𝑥 30 = = = 18
5 5 5
There are 18 male pupils.
If there are 18 male pupils, how many are female pupils?
30 – 18 = 12
There are 12 female pupils.
What is the ratio of male pupils to female pupils?
The ratio of male pupils to female pupils is 18:12
Express 18:12 in lowest term.
Divide both terms by 6 18 ÷ 6 = 3 and 12 ÷ 6 = 2
Answer: The ratio of male pupils to the female pupils is 3 : 2

Let’s Apply (Exercises)

A. Express the ratio of the following in lowest terms.

1. 20 minutes to 3 hours

pg. 3
 2. 36 out of 40
3. 4 months to 5 years
4. 6 days to 2 weeks
5. 3 liters of oranges to 12 liters of water

Let’s Analyze (Enrichment Exercises)

A. Express as a fraction.
1. Denny scores 17 in a 20-item test. What fraction of the questions did Denny
answer correctly?
2. There are 53 pupils in a class. 23 are boys. What fraction of the class are
boys?
3. 24 children are in the playground. 5 are on a swing. What is the ratio of the
children on a swing to the children in the playground?
4. Write 2 meters out of 25 meters in fraction form.
5. Three pupils in a class of 32 are left-handed. What is the ratio of the left-
handed pupils to the number of pupils in the class?

Lesson 2: Defining and Illustrating the Meaning of Ratio and Proportion

Using Concrete or Pictorial Models.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Identify if each of the following fractions are equal. Use cross multiplication.
Write = if they are equal and ≠ if they are not equal
1 3 2 4
_______ 1. = _______ 6. =
2 6 5 10
9 3 1 4
_______ 2. = _______ 7. =
15 5 6 25
2 4 7 28
_______ 3. = _______ 8. =
3 9 2 2
15 5 60 40
_______ 4. = _______ 9. =
21 7 6 4
12 1 5 45
_______ 5. = _______ 10. =
6 2 9 81

pg. 4
 Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

Erin has some buttons.

Tiny buttons Big buttons

How many tiny buttons are there?

There are 2 tiny buttons.
How many big buttons? 5
There are 5 big buttons.
If we compare these quantities, we can form a ratio.
What is the ratio of the number of tiny buttons to the number of big buttons?
The ratio of tiny buttons to big buttons is 2 : 5
What is the ratio of number of big buttons to the number of tiny buttons?
The ratio of big buttons to tiny buttons is 5 : 2
Example 1:

Mother is preparing Calamansi Juice. For each glass of water,

7 pieces of Calamansi are needed.

a.) If she makes 2 glasses, how many pieces of calamansi are needed? Draw the
calamansi inside the box.

b.) If she makes 3 glasses, how many

pieces of calamansi are needed? Draw the calamansi inside the box.

pg. 5
 • What is the ratio of a glass of water to calamansi fruit? 1 : 7
• What is the ratio of 2 glasses of water to calamansi fruit? 2 : 14
• What is the ratio of 3 glasses of water to calamansi fruit? 3 : 21
• What is the relationship of the 3 ratios? 1 : 7 = 2 : 14 = 3 : 21
• The ratios 1 : 7 = 2 : 14 = 3 : 21 are equivalent ratios.
• Equivalent Ratios make a proportion.

In the proportion 2:14 = 3:21, the outer terms 2 and 21 are the extremes. The
inner terms 14 and 3 are the means.
Two ratios form a proportion if the product of the means is equal to the
product of the extremes.
2 : 14 = 3 : 21 2 8
Means
Extremes 14 21

Product of the means: 14 x 3 = 42

Product of the extremes: 2 x 21 = 42
The products of means and extremes are equal, so, 2 : 14 = 3 : 21 form a
proportion.

Example 1:

Let us find out if 4:7 is proportion to 5:9. 4 : 7 is not proportion to 5 : 9 because the
4 : 7 ___ 5 : 9 product of the means which is 35 is not equal
Extremes: 4 x 9 = 36 to the product of the extremes which is 36.
Means: 7 x 5 = 35 Therefore, 4 : 7 ≠ 5 : 9

There are times that two quantities that have different units are being
compared. For example, the distance traveled by a car is compared to the number of
hours of the whole journey. Let say, 90 kilometers in 1 hour. When the number of
kilometers is compared to hour, the comparison is referred to as rate. So, the rate of
driving is 90 kilometers per hour.

pg. 6
Remember:

• Before we can express one number as a fraction of another, the

quantities must be in the same units.

• The fraction must be expressed in lowest form.

Ratio – a comparison of two or more quantities, can be written in a variety of forms.

𝟑
3 to 8 , 3 : 8 ,
𝟖

Proportion – is an equation stating that two or more ratios are equal

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
1 : 4 = 2 : 8 = 3 : 12 or = 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟒

Let’s Apply (Exercises)

Write a ratio for each of the following items.

1. radios to bells __________

2. bells to guitars __________
3. guitars to radios __________
4. radios to all figures __________
5. bells to guitars and radios __________

Let’s Analyze (Enrichment Exercises)

Write YES if the ratios form a proportion and NO if it does not.

3 2
______1. 1:2=4:8 ______ 6. =
15 10
2 3
______2. 6 : 12 = 3 : 6 ______ 7. =
6 24
8 26
______3. 3:4=4:9 ______ 8.
2
= 3

pg. 7
 50 30
______4. 15 : 3 = 25 : 5 ______ 9. =
5 3
5 6
______5. 11 : 5 = 2 : 3 ______ 10. = 18
15

Let’s Try (Evaluation/Assessment)

Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is a comparison of two or more quantities.

A. Whole Number C. Ratio
B. Decimal D. Proportion

2. What is the ratio of baseball bats to baseball?

A. 6 : 2 B 2:6 C. 5 : 2 D. 2 : 5

3. There are 3 boys and 4 girls. What is the ratio of boys to girls?
A. 3 : 4 B. 4 : 3 C. 3 : 5 D. 3 : 6

4. Choose the picture that is proportion to the given picture. 

A.    C.      .
B.     D.      
5. It is the statement of equality between ratios.
A. Whole Number B. Decimal C. Ratio D. Proportion

pg. 8