The‌‌Ottoman‌ ‌

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❖ Who‌‌are‌‌the‌‌Ottomans?‌ ‌
➢ One‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Turkish‌‌tribes‌‌which‌‌penetrated‌‌into‌‌Asia‌‌Minor‌‌had‌
a‌‌leader,‌‌whose‌‌name‌‌was‌‌Osman‌‌or‌O ‌ ttman‌‌and‌‌had‌‌the‌‌title‌‌
of‌‌an‌‌emir(prince)‌d ‌ uring‌‌1300.‌‌The‌‌Turks‌‌who‌‌were‌‌subject‌‌to‌‌
Ottman‌‌and‌‌his‌‌successors‌‌were‌‌called‌‌the‌‌Ottoman‌‌Turks.‌ ‌
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➢ Ottman‌‌and‌‌his‌‌immediate‌‌successors‌‌were‌‌valiant‌‌warriors.‌‌
They‌‌conquered‌‌other‌‌Turkish‌‌tribes‌‌and‌‌built‌‌up‌‌a‌‌powerful‌‌
military‌‌state.‌I‌t‌‌was‌‌this‌‌growing‌‌state‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Ottoman‌‌Turks‌‌
which‌‌was‌‌destined‌‌to‌‌become‌‌the‌‌outstanding‌‌champion‌‌
of‌‌Islam‌‌and‌‌to‌‌fight‌‌for‌‌conquering‌‌the‌‌Near‌‌East‌‌and‌‌
perhaps‌‌of‌‌all‌‌Europe.‌ ‌
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❖ The‌‌Ottomans‌‌success‌‌in‌‌world‌‌history:‌ ‌
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a. Military‌‌Success:‌ ‌
At‌‌the‌‌end‌‌of‌‌the‌‌14th‌‌century,‌‌‌the‌‌Ottoman‌‌Turks‌‌dominated‌
the‌‌entire‌‌Balkan‌‌peninsula‌‌‌except‌‌for‌‌Constantinople‌‌and‌‌a‌‌
few‌‌other‌‌posts‌‌still‌‌held‌‌by‌‌Greece‌‌and‌‌Italians.‌ ‌
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b. Capturing‌‌Constantinople:‌ ‌
In‌‌1453,‌‌Muhammed‌‌II,‌‌the‌‌greatest‌‌of‌‌the‌‌Ottoman‌‌Sultans,‌‌
with‌‌an‌‌army‌‌of‌‌150,000‌‌men,‌‌laid‌‌an‌‌attack‌‌on‌‌
Constantinople.‌‌And‌‌he‌‌was‌‌successful‌‌in‌‌capturing‌‌
Constantinople(present-day‌‌Istanbul).‌‌ ‌
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c. Success‌‌of‌‌Suleiman‌‌Suleiman‌‌II:‌ ‌
Sultan‌‌Suleiman‌‌II,‌‌who‌‌was‌‌termed‌‌as‌‌"The‌‌Magnificent"‌‌
captured‌‌Belgrade‌‌in‌‌1521,‌‌and‌‌in‌‌1526‌‌he‌‌defeated‌‌the‌‌King‌‌of‌‌
Hungary‌‌to‌‌occupy‌ ‌Budapest.‌ ‌ ‌
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d. Stable‌‌diversity:‌ ‌
Even‌‌after‌‌being‌‌in‌‌power,‌‌the‌‌Ottoman‌‌let‌‌other‌‌nationalities‌‌
stay‌‌in‌‌their‌‌previous‌‌settlement.‌ ‌
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e. The‌‌welfare‌‌of‌ ‌Moslems:‌ ‌
Ottomans‌‌did‌‌a‌‌lot‌‌for‌‌the‌‌favors‌‌of‌‌Moslems.‌‌They‌‌turned‌‌
Christians‌‌Churches‌‌into‌‌mosques‌‌and‌‌taxed‌‌the‌‌Christians‌‌
more‌‌which‌‌were‌‌spent‌‌for‌‌the‌‌well-being‌‌of‌‌Moslems.‌ ‌
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f. Religion‌‌Tolerance:‌ ‌
Even‌‌after‌‌being‌‌a‌‌Moslem‌‌Empire,‌‌Ottoman‌‌didn't‌‌force‌‌
anybody‌‌to‌‌convert.‌‌Even,‌‌several‌‌sultans‌‌issued‌‌decrees‌‌and‌‌
went‌‌into‌‌treaties.‌‌These‌‌steps‌‌not‌‌only‌‌protected‌‌the‌‌religious‌‌
freedoms‌‌of‌‌other‌‌religious‌‌followers‌‌than‌‌Islam‌‌but‌‌also‌‌kept‌‌
alive‌‌the‌‌spirit‌‌of‌‌the‌‌nation‌‌and‌‌allowed‌‌Christians‌‌to‌‌pilgrimage‌‌
to‌‌the‌‌Holy‌‌land.‌ ‌
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