Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss, Alligation & Mixtures

Prem Ananth C

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• Profit and Loss is a fundamental
concept in business and finance that
deals with the calculation of gains or
losses made on buying and selling
goods or services.

• It is essential for businesses to

understand the principles of profit and
loss to determine their financial health
and make informed decisions.
Profit & Loss – Important Terminology

1. Cost Price (CP): The price at which an

article is bought is called the cost price.

2. Selling Price (SP): The price at which an

article is sold is called the selling price.

3. Profit (P): The positive difference between

the selling price and the cost price is called
profit. It is denoted by the letter P.

4. Loss (L): The negative difference between

the selling price and the cost price is called
loss. It is denoted by the letter L.

5. Profit Percentage (Profit%): Profit

percentage is the percentage of profit
earned on the cost price.
6. Loss Percentage (Loss%): Loss
percentage is the percentage of loss
incurred on the cost price.
Profit & Loss – Formulas

1. Profit = Selling Price (SP) - Cost Price (CP)

2. Loss = Cost Price (CP) - Selling Price (SP)

3. Profit% = (Profit / Cost Price) * 100

4. Loss% = (Loss / Cost Price) * 100

5. Selling Price (SP) = Cost Price (CP) + Profit

(P)

OR
6. Selling Price (SP) = Cost Price (CP) - Loss
(L)
Alligation and Mixtures

• Allegation and Mixtures is a concept

used to find the proportion in which
two or more substances with different
concentrations are mixed to obtain a
mixture with a desired concentration.

• This concept is widely used in various

fields, including chemistry, pharmacy,
finance, and even in solving problems
related to liquids with different
strengths or prices.
Alligation and Mixtures - Terminology

• Allegation: Allegation is a method

used to determine the ratio in which
two or more components with
different strengths or concentrations
should be mixed to obtain a mixture
with a desired strength or
concentration.

• Mixture: A mixture is a combination of

two or more substances mixed
together.

• Mean Price: The cost of the unit

quantity of the mixture is called the
mean price.
Alligation and Mixtures - Formula

• The ratio (R) in which ingredients are mixed is

given by, the rule of allegation
(Cheaper quantity) : (Dearer quantity) = (d-m) : (m-c)

• When two commodities are mixed then

Quantity of Cheaper / Quantity of Dearer = (d-m) / (m-c)

• X unit o
if liquid A from which Y units are taken
out and replaced with water repeatedly for n
number of times.
Quantity of pure liquid = [ X –⑭ (1 – (Y/X)n] units x[(
-

)
7
I- fommudiy
cost of
commodity
cheaper
(C)

↳- I
I
Mean price

-↳
M
↓

it
⑧

·
⑧
In
re
where both cannot be negatio
#1.
If a 10 lit. mixture contains milk and water
in the ratio 2:1 then, how much more
water should be added to change the ratio
to 1:2 ?
#2.
Person purchased a chair at Rs.70 and
spent Rs.17 on its repair and 50 paise on
cartage. If he sold the chair at rupees
hundred, then his approximate
percentage of profit was?
I 70
Purchase Price =

=
- 17
other expass
.0 . 50

CP I
- .
50
-

Profit = SP-CP

=100 - 87.50

=
[12 . 50

50
X 100
Profit y= -

8 7 -
50

=
14 - 30 %
#3.
A man buys a cycle for Rs. 1400 and sells it
at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price
of the cycle?
Shortcut
Regular formula -
- -

Lossy
.

loss
=-X100 100 ⑮
lossy
-

X CP
.

CD
-

lossy x CP 100
1033 =
.

-
100
85
TX4
I 15 x 1400
-

100

[1190
loss =
2210

Sp = 1400 - 20

A21190
#4.
12 Copies of your book were sold for Rs.
1800 thereby gaining cost price of 3-

copies. Find the cost price of one copy of

-

the book.
SP =
7 1800

I
30
CP of I book =
< profit =

19x
CP of 12 books
=

Profit = Sp-CP

1800 - 12k
3x
=

-
1800
15x =

= =120
x
#5.
Ram sales table to Shyam at a profit of
⑧
20% and Shyam sells to Sohan at a profit
of 30%. If it cost Rs.3120 to Sohan, what is
the cost price of the table for Ram?
100t Profitt
CPX ~
SP = - -

100
63/
140 /

x
30 =
x X /
120
↓

1040 x 25
Yoons
/
-
13
=
2000
#6.
The cost price of 50 items is equal to the
sale price of 40 items. What is the
percentage profit?
Assumption type Problem
Assume <p of 1 item =
- 100

of items
40 items <P 50
Sp of
=

..sp
= 55000

Profit Sp-cp
Sdealy
= Since we an

4000 with 40
5000 -

I
=

items for Sp
25 X 1000
use ep of 40
↑y = x10
items only

= 25 %
#7.
In what ratio must rice at Rs.9.30 per KG
be mixed with rice at Rs.10.80 per KG so
that the mixture be worth Rs.10 per KG?

cheaper Dearer
930 1080
no
1000

D-m M-2

10
I
I
80 ·

I
8 : 7
#8.
How much water must be added to 60 L of
milk at 1 1/2 litres for Rs.20 so as to have
a mixture worth Rs.10 2/3 a litre.
 #9.
In first mixture, quantity of milk was 6 L
more than that of water. After adding 40 L
of second mixture (having ratio of water
to milk is 3:5) in the first mixture, ratio of
water to milk in the final mixture becomes
9:13. Find the total quantity of water in
the final mixture.

Quanhly
:quarkly
of Water=
of milk = x76 I first mix

second mix

40= " e
--

wally of mater
Mie wate
Third mix ④ .
of =9

G-from-
- -
-
- -

13
----
x+ ,
15
-
-
9 G of milk

25-
- ↑
-- -
-

water in

2 x+
6 +
B
3rd

I
mix

279 x+5
from st 9x+
=>

Mis + 195
=

13x
21+ 5
0452
=

4x =

=36 /it
#10.
8 L are drawn from a cask full of wine and
is then filled with water. This operation is
performed three more times. The ratio of
the quantity of wine now left in cask to
that of the water is 16:65. How much wine
did the cask hold originally?
X
Guably of the wine
originally =

I
I
n
4 =

16 : 65

Al-I)" =
16
-

8
8/

4
y2 *
(1 gi
=

!,
= ( 3)
-

= ()
1 -
8 = 2
E
->
3

-
x
- 2 I 2
->
x 3

2x
3x 24
=
=
=>

=>
=

24
there were 24 lite of wine
originally
.
#11.
Shopkeeper bought a shirt for Rs.40 and
the marked up by 25%. He offered a
discount of 10% on the market price. Find
the selling price of the shirt and the profit
or loss percentage made by the
shopkeeper.
540 Sp ↑25 % =125 x 40
original
-
<P
=

--
100

=
Discent = 104 ·
50

90
Sp =- x 50
New 100

new P
profit o
=
12 5 %
.