Module 1

Session Topic : 3

Chapter 1: Introduction
GSIHM001
1st Trimester - A.Y. 2021 – 2022

Dr. John Paolo P. Severino

Guest Lecturer
 Learning Objectives
At the end of the session you will describe:
‒ Background of the Study
‒ Statement of the Problem and/or (for Descriptive research)
‒ Objectives of the Study (for Experimental research)
‒ Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework
‒ Hypothesis (if applicable)
‒ Significance of the Study
‒ Scope and Limitation of the Study
‒ Definition of Terms (Conceptual and /or Operational)
 Write the Background
The background of the study describes succinctly the
trends, issues and claims in the field that render the
chosen topic problematic.

It also briefly presents what is already known about

the topic and if there is still gap of knowledge.

It ends with the purpose of the study.

Sample Background of the Study

Trends
Sample Background of the Study

Issues
Sample Background of the Study

Claims
&
Known
stuff

Gap
Sample Background of the Study
4th PARAGRAPH....
Hence, from the aspects of the major content and procedures of
environmental education, the purpose of this study are to (1) study
misconceptions about noise and complete test questions for noise concept
tables of elementary school students from these misconceptions; (2)
Purpose
compile evaluation tables through standardized procedures to increase the
quality and application of the evaluation tables; and (3) thus interpret
explain, and compare scores as the basis for learning diagnosis, learning
accomplishment evaluation, and teaching improvement.
 Statement of the Problem

This session describes the problems to be investigated. It

contains a general problem written in the form of a statement
followed by the specific question or sub-problem.

These question will also be the basis for the hypothesis, research
paradigm, related studies and literature, methodology, etc.

Without the specific statement of the problem, one will be unable

to proceed to the total and complete conceptualization of the
paper.
Sample 1: Statement of the Problem
Sample 2: Statement of the Problem
Sample 3: Statement of the Problem
Construct the Objective of the Study
Sample 2: Objective of the Study
 Construct The Research Paradigm
Conceptual Framework
It is a structure of
concepts and/or theories
which are pulled together as
a map for the study. It depicts
the variables in the research
and the relation among them.
It is a skeletal structure of
justification, rather that a
skeletal structure of
explanation.
Theoretical Framework
It is a structure of
theories even concepts which
exist in the literature, a ready-
vs made map for the study. This
is also referred to as models.
It can be expected to invoke a
host of values and beliefs, not
unique to the researchers, but
shared in a common
paradigm with other scholars.
 Conceptual Framework or Development
Models
Sample Framework 1
 Conceptual Framework or Development
Models
Sample Framework 2
Theoretical Framework - Sample
Theoretical Framework - Sample
 Hypothesis
A hypothesis is a concept or idea that you test through research
and experiments. In other words, it is a prediction that is can be
tested by research. Most researchers come up with
a hypothesis statement at the beginning of the study.
 Hypothesis
Sample hypotheses:
Null Hypothesis (Ho)
Ho: There is no significant relationship between the demographic
profile of the respondents and the stress level.

Ho: There is no significant relationship between demographic

characteristic and scholastics achievement of the participants.

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)

Ha: Perceived school climate has a positive effect on scholastic
achievement of the students.
 Significance of the Study

Sectors/stakeholders that
will benefit from the
research.
 Definition of Terms

Definitions should have authoritative

basis (taken from books etc.) thus sources
cited.

Guidelines in defining terms:

‒ Conceptual or theoretically. It taken
from dictionaries, books, magazines,
and newspaper articles, and other
publication.

‒ Operationally pertains to how term is

used in the study. The researchers may
develop his own definition from the
characteristics of the term defined.
 Scope and Limitations

It describes the parameters to which the study is set. It sets the boundaries of your
research in terms of certain aspects. Include the discussion on physical scope of the
study; subjects and independent variables: sources of data; methodology; time; and
controls for internal and external validity.

LIMITATIONS
These refers to the elements over which the
researchers ha NO control.
These are potential weaknesses in the study
VS
These explain how the researchers intends to
deal with the limitations he/she is aware of so
as not affect the outcome of the study
DELIMITATIONS
These refers to the elements the researcher
CAN control
These are characteristics that limit the scope
and define the boundaries of the study
These explain the criteria on how the choice
of topic, factors, characteristics and element
of each section of the research was chosen
and made.
Scope and Limitations - Sample 1
Scope and Limitations – Sample 2
 - End -
Thank You