úÿ,s hka;% yd n, moaO;s II Unit

Electrical Machines and Power Systems II 11

wñ, D. iurisxy
BET(Hon's) in Mechatronics (UG)

(UNIVERSITY OF SRI JAYEWARDENEPURA)

Certificate in Electonics (ACCIMT)

IEEE. IMechE
 wka;¾.;h

^11'1& N%uK hka;%j, l%shdldÍ uQ,O¾u

^11'2& m%;Hdj¾: Odrd fudagr

^11'3& tl,d fm%arK fudagr

^11'4& m%;Hdj¾: Odrd ckl

^11'5& ir, Odrd hka;%

^11'6& mßKdul

^11'7& úÿ,s n, ckkh

^11'8& úÿ,s n, iïfm%aIKh yd fnodyeÍu

^11'9& úÿ,s wdrlaIdj

 11'1 úÿ,s n, ckkh (Power Generation)

Y%S ,xldfõ úÿ,s n, wjYH;dj i`oyd nyq,ju c, úÿ,sh iy fmdis, bkaOk oykfhka
ksmojk úÿ,sh Ndú; fõ' tfukau fmdis, bkaOkj, ñ, wêl ùu yd ys`. ùu ksid úl,am n,
Yla;s o Ndú;d fõ' fuf,i Ndú;d lrk ish¨u n, Yla;Ska j¾. folls'

mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk n, Yla;s mqk¾ckkSh n, Yla;s

y
01' .,a w`.=re úÿ,s n,d.dr 01' N+ ;dm úÿ,s n,d.dr
02' fmfg%da,shï f;,a úÿ,s n,d.dr 02' iQ¾h Yla;s úÿ,s n,d.dr
03' kHIAál Yla;s úÿ,s n,d.dr 03' iq<x úÿ,s n,d.dr

isx
04' ffcj Yla;s úÿ,s n,d.dr
05' c, úÿ,s n,d.dr
06' uqyqÿ r< Yla;sfhka Èfjk úÿ,s n,d.dr

ur 07' jvÈh ndÈh Yla;sfhka Èfjk úÿ,s

n,d.dr
.i
kej; kej; Ndú;hg .; yels yd
Ndú;fhka miq kej; kej;;a Ndú;
Ndú;fhka miq kej; ckkh l< yels
l< fkdyels Yla;s m%Nj mqk¾ckkSh
D

Yla;s m%Nj mqk¾ckkSh Yla;s m%Nj

fkdjk Yla;s m%Nj f,i ye`Èkafõ'
f,i ye`Èkafõ'
,
wñ

01. iQ¾h Yla;sh (Solar Power)

iQ¾h Yla;sh Ndú;fhka úÿ,sh ksmoúh yels w;r ta i`oyd iQ¾h fldaI yd iQ¾h ;dm ckl
moaO;s Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' flfia fj;;a iQ¾h Yla;sh Ndú;fhka miq wjika fkdjk w;r kej;
kej; Ndú;d l< yel'

^01& iQ¾h fldaI u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

w ;ksj mj;sk iQ¾h fldaI moaO;s
w m%Odk úÿ,s cd,hg iïnkaO iQ¾h fldaI moaO;s

^02& iQ¾h ;dm ckl moaO;s

01
 01' iQ¾h fldaI u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

iQ¾hh lsrK u.ska ,efnk Yla;sh iQ¾h fldaI u.ska úoHq;a Yla;sh njg mßj¾;kh flf¾' iQ¾h
fldaI w¾O ikakdhl j,ska ks¾udKh lrhs' iQ¾h fldaIhla u.ska 0.5V fjda,aàh;djla ksmojhs'
iQ¾h fldaI lsysmhla fYA%Ks.;j iïnkaO lsÍfuka iQ¾h mek,hla ilia l< yel'

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;ksj mj;sk iQ¾h fldaI moaO;s

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v iQ¾h
mek, u`.ska ksmojk ir, Odrdj wdfrdamK md,lh yryd negß wdfrdamKh lrkq ,nhs'
negßfha .nvdjk úÿ,s Yla;sh m%;sj¾;lhla u.ska m%;Hdj¾;k Odrdjla njg mßj¾;khlg
ksjfia Ndú;hg ,nd fohs'

02
 m%Odk úÿ,s cd,hg iïnkaO iQ¾h fldaI moaO;sh

y
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v fuys§
ur
negßhla Ndú;d fkdjk w;r úÿ,s fldaI u.ska ksmojk úÿ,sh m%;sj¾;l yryd m%Odk
úÿ,s cd,hg ,nd fohs'
.i
02' iQ¾h ;dm ckl u.ska úÿ,sh ckkh

fuys§ iq¾h lsrK u.ska ,nd .kakd ;dm Yla;sh Ndú;d lr c,h yqud,h njg m;a lrkq ,nk
w;r yqud,h u.ska yqud, ;, nuk lrljd tu.ska úÿ,s ckl l%shd;aul lrjhs'
D
,
wñ

02. iq<f`.a Yla;sh (Wind Power)

mDÓúh u; tla tla ia:dkj, we;s jk taldldr fkdjk WIaK;ajhla fya;=fjka tu ia:dk j,
wvq fkdjk WIaK;ajhka fya;=fjka tu ia:dkj, wvq mSvk ;;ajhka we;s fõ' tu ksid iq<`.
we;sfõ'

03
iq<x N%ul u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

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03. ffcj ialkaO iy ffcj jdhq

ffcj ialkaOh oykh u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu ur

fuys§ ffcj ialkaO oykh lsÍfuka c,h r;a lr yqud,h ksmojkq ,nhs' yqud,h u.ska yqud,
;, nuk lerleùfuka úÿ,s ckl l%shd;aul fõ' tu.ska úÿ,sh ksmoúh yel'
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,

ffcj jdhq oykh u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

wñ

ffcj jdhq ksmoùu ksid Ydl fldgia $ i;a;aj u< wmøjH Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' fuu ffcj jdhq
oykh lsÍfuka jdhq ;, nuk l%shd;aul lrjd úÿ,s ckl u.ska úÿ,sh ksmojkq ,nhs'

04
 04. c, Yla;sh

fuys§ c,h by< isg my<g .,d hdug i,iajd tys úNj Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh njg m;a lr tu
pd,l Yla;sfha c, ;, nuk yd ckl l%shd;aul lrjd úÿ,sh ckkh lrkq ,nhs' tf,i isÿ
lrk úÿ,s n,d.drhl rEm igykla my; oelafõ'

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c,h fyd`oska mj;sk c, fmdaIl m%foaY j, c,h tl;=jk f,i fõ,a,la neo k< yryd c,h
my,g f.k tafï§ c,fha pd,l Yla;sh jeä fõ' tu.ska ;, nuk l%shd;aul fõ' tu.ska úÿ,sh
ksmofjk w;r tf,i ksmofjk úÿ,s Yla;sh rod mj;skqfha c, ialkaOh (m) , .=re;ajc ;ajrKh
yd c, yi
s (H) h's fuys § ,nd .; yels úNj Yl;
a h
s (E) my; iólrKh u.ks a .Kk l< yels h'

E = mgH

v c, ysi hkq c,dYfha c, uÜgfï isg ;, nurhg c,h uqod yßk ia:dkh f;la we;s Wihs'

05
 c, úÿ,s" n,d.dr

ysi wkqj Odß;dj wkqj

Ÿ wvq ysi iys; n,d.dr Ÿ b;d wvq Odß;d c, úÿ,s n,d.dr

H ≤ 15m (0.1Mw olajd&
Ÿ uOHu ysi iys; n,d.dr Ÿ wvq Odß;d c, úÿ,s n,d.dr
15<H ≤ 15m (1MW-10Mw)
Ÿ by< ysi iys; n,d.dr Ÿ uOHu Odß;d c, úÿ,s n,d.dr

y
70<H ≤ 250m (100Mw olajd&
Ÿ b;d by< ysi iys; n,d.dr Ÿ wê Odß;d c, úÿ,s n,d.dr
H > 250m (100Mw jeä&

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01 c, fmdaIl m%foaYh (Catchment Area)

c, úÿ,s n,d.dr ;kkq ,nkf ur

a ka b;d fyd`o j¾Idm;khla krs ;r
c,h fyd`Èka mj;sk m%foaY c, fmdaIl m%foaY f,i ye`Èkafõ'
= ej u ,efnk mf
% oY
a j,h' tf,i
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02 c,dYh (Regerrior)

c, fmdaIl m%foaYfha mj;sk c,h yria lr fõ,a,la neo tys c,h /ia lsÍfuka c,dYhla ;kkq
,nhs'
D

03 mSvk Wu. (Pressare Tunnel)

,

c,h úÿ,s n,d.drh olja d f.khdu mvS k Wu`. u.k

s a iÿs flf¾' mv
S k Wuf.a úIl
a ïNh lu
% fhka
wvq jk f,i ilia lrkq ,nhs' tu.ska c,fha mSvkh jeä lr .; yel' Wu`. u.ska uqodyßk
c,h weÍu yd jeiSu i`oyd f.aÜgq fhdod we;'
wñ

04 >¾ck l=àrh (Surge Chamber)

mS v k Wuf.a fl<jr >¾ck l= à rh mj;s k w;r tys ld¾h jka f ka ;,nukh iemfhk c,
iemhqu kj;k wjia:dfõ§ k, je, ;=, we;sjk wêl mSvkh ix;=,kh lr k, je, wdrlaId
lsÍuhs'

06
 05 k,je, (Penstock)

wêl nEjqula iys;j k, je, fhdokq ,nk w;r tys úIalïNh l%ufhka wvqjk f,i ;ekSfuka
c,fha mS v kh jeä lr .kq ,efí' fuf,i ,efnk c,h lmdg fcÜ fyda úlÜ f.a Ü gq
u.ska md,kh lr ;, nur j, fm;s j,g ,nd fohs' cklfha N%uK fõ.h u; W;amdokh jk
ixLHd;h rod mj;S'

Ns = 120f
p
tu ks i d ckkh jk ixLHd;h ks h ;j ;nd .ekS u i`oyd cklh N% u Kh jk fõ.h

y
ksh;j ;nd .; hq;=h' ta i`oyd .jkrhla Ndú;d lr fcÜ fyda úlÜ f.aÜgq md,kh lr fõ.h
ksh;j ;nd .ekSu isÿ fõ'

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06 ;,nur (Turbine)

c,fha mj;s k Yla ; s h Ndú;d lr ;,nur l% s h d;a u l lrjk w;r tf,i Ndú; ;, nur
my; mßÈ j¾. ls Í u is ÿ lrkq ,nhs ' ur
;, nur (Turbine)
.i
m%;sl%Shl j¾.h wdfõ.S j¾.h
D

*ardkaisia wjrfm;s fmkagkaú,a fl%dia*af,da

iaÓr fm;s fjkia l< yels

,

iys; fm;s iys;

^lma,dka&
wñ

v úÿ,s n,d.drhla i`oyd ;,nurhla f;dard .ekSfï§ uQ,slju i,ld n,kafka tys c, ysi yd
c, mßudjhs'

m%;sl%Shl j¾.fha ;,nur

fuu m%;sl%Shl j¾.fha ;, nur .,d hk c, myr Tiafia iú lrkq ,nhs' tu ksid c,myr ;,
nurfha ;, u; tljr m;s; fõ' fuu ;, nur wvq fyda uOHu c, ysila yd jeä c, myrla
iys; ia:dk i`oyd Ndú;d lrhs'

07
 *ardkaisia ;,nur (Francis Turbine)

uOHu c, ysila (40-60m) iys; n,d.dr i`oyd Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs' úlÜ f.aÜgqj ;=,ska wêl
mSvkhla hgf;a meñfKk c,h jl%dldr N%uK ;, N%uKh lr bka msg fõ' fuys wlaI h ;sria
w;g iúlrkq ,nk w;r c, Odrdj md,kh lsÍug .jkrhla u.ska úlÜ f.aÜgq weÍu yd jeiSu
isÿ lrhs'

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lma,dka ;,nur (Kaplan Turbine)

ur
wvq c, ysila (10-70m) iys; jeä c, Odrdjla iys; ia:dkj,g jvd;a fhda.H fõ' fuys§ úlÜ
f.aÜgq mj;sk w;r tu.ska c,h md,kh lr.; yel'
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wdfõ.S j¾.fha ;,nur

,

fuu ;, nurfha lerflk fldgi nlÜgq f,i ilia lr we;s w;r c, myr tu nlÜgqj,
wñ

je§fuka ;,nrh l%shd;aul fõ' fuh jeä c,ysila yd wvq c, mßudjla iys; ia:dk i`oyd Ndú;d
fõ'

fmkaáka ú,a ;,nur (Pelton Wheel Turbine)

by< c, ysila ia:dk i`oyd Ndú;d jk w;r fcÜ u.ska ;,nurfha nlÜgq u;g fkdi,h ;=,ska
c,h úÈkq ,nh's tu.ks a fmkg
a ka ú,a ;, nur Nu
% Kh fõ' tf,i úÈkq ,nk c, Odrdj md,kh
lsÍu i`oyd .jkrh u.ska fkdi,h weÍu $ jeiSu isÿ lrhs'

08
 y
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05. uqyqÿ r< Yla;sh (Ocean Wave Power)

uqyqfoa r< we;súh yels wdldr folla mj;S' tu wdldr folu Ndú;fhka úÿ,sh ksmojkq
,nhs' tajd kï"

ur
^01& jvÈh - ndÈh w;r c,fha we;sjk úNj Yla;sh u.ska
^02& iq<x ;;ajh wkqj uqyqÿ r<j, we;s pd,l Yla;sh u.ska
.i
jvÈh - ndÈh w;r c,fha we;sjk úNj Yla;sh u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

v mDÓúfha yd pkaøhdf.a we;sjk .=re;ajdl¾Il n, fya;=fjk jvÈh - ndÈh we;sfõ' jvÈh

wji:
a dfõ§ /il
a r.kk
a d c,h k< ud¾. Tif a ia ;,nur fj; .uka lrùfuka ;,nur lh
s% d;u
a l
lrjkq ,nhs'
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wñ

09
 (ii) uqyqÿ r<j, pd,l Yla;sh u.ska úÿ,s ckkh

i<q x yuk úg uyq f

q oa kef.k /,s u.k
s a c, frdoahla Nu
% Kh fldg tu.k
s a cklh lh
s% d;u
a l
lr úÿ,s Yla;sh W;amdokh isÿ flfrhs'

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06. N+ ;dmh (Geo thermal)
ur
.eUqre fmdf<dfjys mj;sk wêl ;dmh u.ska c,h r;a lr we;sjk yqud, u.ska yqud, ;, nur
.i
lrljd tu.k s a úÿ,h
s ckkh lrkq ,nh's

mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk Yla;s m%Nj u.ska úÿ,s n,h ckkh

D

Ndú;fhka miq kej; kej;;a Ndú;d l, fkdyels Yla;s m%Nj mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk Yla;s m%Nj
f,i y`ÿkajkq ,efí'
Ÿ fmfg%da,shï f;,a
Ÿ .,a w`.=re
,

Ÿ iajdNdúl jdhq
Ÿ kHIaál Yla;sh
wñ

01. fmfg%da,shï bkaOk (Fossil Fuel) u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

fmfg%da,shï bkaOk u.ska úÿ,sh ckkfha § my; i`oyka Yla;s mßj¾:kh isÿ fõ'

ridhksl ;dm pd,l Yla;sh $ úoHq;a

Yla;sh Yla;sh hdka;%sl Yla;sh Yla;sh

10
fmfg%da,shka f;,a u.ska úÿ,s ckkhg wod, rEm igykla my; oelafõ'

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.,a w`.=re u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu
02.

% Kh fldg tu.k
ur
fuys § .,a w`.=re oykh lsÍfuka ,nd .kakd ;dm Yla;sh u.ska c,h jdIam njg m;a fldg yqud,
;,nurh Nu s a úÿ,s cklh lh
s% d;u
a l lr úÿ,h
s ckkh lrkq ,efí'
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03. iajdNdúl jdhq Ndú;fhka úÿ,sh ksmoùu

wñ

fuys § iajdNdúl jdhq oykh lsÍfuka ,nd .kakd ;dm Yla;sh u.ska yqud, ;,nurh N%uKh
fldg tu.ska úÿ,s ckl l%shd;aul lr úÿ,sh ckkh lrkq ,nhs' tys o, rEm igykla my;
oelafõ'

11
 04. kHIaál Yla;sh u.ska úÿ,sh ksmoùu

kHIaál m%;sl%shd u.ska we;sjk ;dmfhka yqud, ;,nurh l%shd lrjd tu.ska N%uKh jk úÿ,s
cklh u.ska úÿ,s ckkh fõ'

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11'8 úÿ,s n, iïfm%aIKh yd fnodyeÍu

ur
úÿ,s n,d.dr yd tajdhska W;amdokh jk úÿ,sh Ndú;d lrk mdßfNda.slhska isákqfha
ÿriajh' tu ksid úÿ,s n,d.drfha isg mdßfNda.slhska fj; úÿ,sh /f.k tau m%Odk jYfhka
fldgia folls'
.i
^01& úÿ,s iïfm%aIKh
^02& úÿ,s n, fnodyeÍu

úÿ,s /yeka" mßKdul tlsfkl iïnkaOj úÿ,s cd,hla f,i mj;S' tfiau tu cd,fhka
úÿ,sh ,ndf.k ksfjig ,nd §u fnodyeÍu f,i ye`Èkafõ' fuu úÿ,s iïfm%aIK yd fnodyeÍfï
D

cd, fol tl;= jQ úg cd;sl úÿ,s n, cd,h f,i kï flf¾' tys o< ieleiaula my; oelafõ'
,
wñ

12
 01' úÿ,s n, iïfm%aIKh

úÿ,s n,d.drj, isg mdßfNda.slhska isák m%foaYfha hï ia:dkhla olajd úÿ,sh f.ktau úÿ,s n,
iïfmI a% Kh f,i ye`Èkú
a h yel' tf,i úÿ,hs iïfmI a% Kh i`oyd wê fjd,
a à
a h;d Ndú;d lrkq ,nh's
Y%S ,xldj ;=, tf,i 132kv yd 220kv jeks wêfjda,aàh;d Ndú;d lrkq ,nhs'

wê fjda,aàh;djla iïfm%aIKfha jdis"

^01&

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^02&

^03& ur
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^04&
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v úÿ,s n, iïfm%aIKh ckk Wmfmd< isg cd, Wmfmd< olajd isÿ fõ'
,

ckk Wmfmd< (Generation Substation)

úYd, úÿ,n
s d,d.drj,k
s a 10.5kv igs 15kv w;r fjd,
a à
a h;djla km
s ofjk w;r tu fjd,a à
a h;dj
wñ

wêlr mßKdul Ndú;fhka wê fjda,aàh;djla njg m;a lrhs' fuf,i wê fjda,aàh;djla njg
m;a lrk mßKdulh ydd wfkl; = a fldgia ckk Wmfmd<la f,i ye`Èkf a õ' fuu ckk Wmfmdf<a
mj;sk mßKdulfha m%d:ñlh ;drld wdldrhg;a oaú;Slh oe,a wdldrhg;a iïnkaO lr we;'

13
 Ÿ

cd, Wmfmd< (Grid Substaion)

iïfm%aIKhjk wê fjda,aàh;dj (132kv/ 220kv) fnodyeÍfï fjda,aàh;dj (33kv/11kv)

olajd wjlr mßKdul u.ska wvq lrk ia:dkh cd, Wmfmd< f,i ye`Èkafõ' fuys m%d:ñlh o`.rh

y
;drld wdldrhg;a oaú;Shslh oe,a wdldrhg iïnkaO lr mj;S' fuys oaú;Shslhg N+.; lsÍfï
mßKdulhla Ndú;d lr N+.; lr mj;S'

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ur
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02' úÿ,s n, fnodyeÍu
D

iïfm%aIKh jk wêfjda,aàh;dj fnodyeÍu isÿjkafka cd, Wmfmdf<a isg fõ' th

uÜgï ls y s m hlg is ÿ jk w;r m<uq j 33kV/11kV yd miq j 400v f,i wvq lr ks f jia ola j d
fnodyßkq ,nhs'
,
wñ

14
 m%d:ñl Wmfmd< (Primary Substaion)

fuys§ 33kV isg 11kV olajd fjda,aàh;dj wvq lsÍu m%d:ñl Wmfmdf<aÈ isÿ fõ' m%d:ñl
Wmfmdf<ys mßKdul tlla fyda lsysmhla mej;sh yel' tys m%d:ñl o`.rh fv,agd wdldrhg;a
oaú;Shslh ;drld wdldrhg;a iïnkaO lr we;'

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fnodyeÍfï Wmfmd< (Distribution Substaion)
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fnodyeÍfï Wmfmd< ;=, wjlr mßKdulhla mj;sk w;r tys§ 11kV fyda 33kV isg
400V olj
a d wvq lÍ
s u iÿs lrkq ,nh's fuu mßKdulfha md%:ñlh fv,g
a d f,i o oú
a ;h
S l
s h ;drld
wdldrhg ilid we;' tys § oaú;Shslfha fmdÿ w.%h N+.; lr mj;S'
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wñ

15
11'6 mßKdul (Transformers)

mßKdulhla hkq"

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V1 - N1 -
V2 - N2 -
wñ

I1 - I2 -

16
01' wêlr mßKdul (Step up Transformers)

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02' wjlr mßKdul (Step - down Transformers)

ur
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03' fjka lsÍfï mßKdul

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wñ

17
04' Odrd mßKdul (Current Transformers)

y
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05' úNj mßKdul
ur
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wñ

18
06' iajhx mßKdul

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ur
v mßKdulj, yrh ksmojd we;s wdldrh wkqj j¾. folls'
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01' yr j¾.h 02' ljp j¾.h

wñ

v by; i`oyka l< yrhka ;ks hlv l=Üáhla f,i ks¾udKh l< fyd;a t;=<ska pqïNl i%djh
.,d hdfï § pqïNl n, f¾Ld jgd we;s jk iq<s Odrd ksid mßudKlfha ld¾hlaIu;dj wvqfõ'
tu ksid mßj¾Kh lrk ,o ;yvq f,i ksmojd we;'

D.Sithroo Creation\Vidmi\Amila Sir\ 11 unit I ~~~~~~~0715856900

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