INTRODUCTION TO LEAF

It is flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant. Primary sites of photosynthesis,
leaves manufacture food for plants

Types of leaf

• Simple single undivided leaf

• Compound leaf divided into multiple leaflets attached at stem

1. Palmate leaflets radiating from single point

2. Pinnate feather like arrangements of

Leaflets from midvein

Organoleptic Studies

It is carried through sensory organs i.e. size, shape, texture, odour, etc.

External feature

• Leaf blade
• Petiole
• Stipule
Shapes
Colour
• Upper side/ Lower side
• Green
• Dark green
• Yellowish green
• Brown

Odour

• Fragrant
• Woody/resinous
• Fruity (non-citrus)
• Musky
• Minty/peppermint
• Sweet
• Camphoraceous
• Pungent
• Decayed

Surface
• Glaucous: Covered with a whitish powder or waxy coating.
• Scurfy: Covered with small scale like particles.
• Viscid (Viscous): Covered with sticky or resinous secretion.
• Punctate: Dotted with minute pits or translucent dots.
• Papillate (Papillose): Bearing minute, pimple like protuberances.
• Tuberculate/Verrucose Bearing tubercles or warty protuberances.
• Rugose: Wrinkled--typical leaves of the mint family (Lamiaceae)
• Glabrous: Without hairs of any kind.
• Pubescent: With a hairy surface--there are many kinds of hairiness:
Texture
• Membranous
• Papery
• Succulent
• Coriaceous Leathery in texture
• Shiny
Arrangment

Vennation
Margins

Base
1. CINNAMON LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Common Name:
English Name:

Family:
Part used:

Constituents

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Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

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Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________
2. FICUS LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa

Common Name:
English Name:

Family:
Part used:

Constituents

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Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

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Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________
3. CASSIA LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Cassia angustifolia

Common Name:
English Name:

Family:
Part used:

Constituents

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Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________
4. VINCA LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Catharanthus roseus

Common Name:

English Name:
Family:

Part used:

Constituents

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Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________
4. ONOSMA LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Onosma bracteatum

Common Name:
English Name:

Family:
Part used:

Constituents

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Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________
6. GYMNEMA LEAF
Pharmacognostic Features

Botanical Name: Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

Common Name:
English Name:

Family:
Part used:

Constituents

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______________________________________________________________________________

Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Uses

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Organoleptic Evaluation

Texture: ____________________________________________
External markings:
• Apex: __________________

• Margin: _________________

• Base:____________________

• Petiole: __________________

• Venation:__________________

Fracture: _________________________________________

Shape: ___________________________________________

Colour: ____________________________________

Size: ____________________________________

Taste: ___________________________________________

Odour: __________________________________________