CALCULATIONS

• Machine Pitch
– It is a distance between the center lines of two
adjacent needles in the same needle bed/set. For
circular knitting machines the pitch lie between
16.93mm and 0.58mm.
»Calculation
Pitch t(mm) = 25.4 mm
gg
Or Dia (inch) x 3.14 x 25.4
# of Needles in Cylinder
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• Machine Guage (E) / Cut
– It is the number of needles per one inch of the
nominal cylinder. It lies between 1.5 and 44 E.

»Calculation
Guage E = 25.4 mm
Pitch t(mm)
Or # of Needles in Cylinder
Dia (inch) x 3.14
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• Feeder Density (D)
– It is defined as the number of feeders per inch
diameter. The number of feeders is mostly an
even number due to design limitations.
Generally the feeder density lie between 0.4
and 4.8 feeders per inch. Generally 3 is
consider best for jersey / Tuck fabrics.
»Calculation
D = # of Feeders
Dia
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• Knitting Speed (V) & Machine RPM
– It is a peripheral speed and measured in meters
per second. Generally it lies in a range between
0.8 and 1.8 m/sec.
• Calculation
V(m/sec) = Dia*  * 2.54* rpm
100*60
Or Dia*rpm*0.00133
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• Speed Factor (SF) or Performance #
– With the help of this circular machines with
different feeders and speeds can be compared
with one another in terms of productivity. It
actually indicates theoretical maximum # of
courses per minute (Courses/min)

–Calculation
SF (Courses/min)
= # of feeders*rpm
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• Courses & Wales
– These are measured physically with the help of
Eye Glass (Counter). It can be measured in
inches or cm (CPI & WPI) or CPC & WPC)

• Courses Per inch or Courses Per Centimeters

• Wales Per inch or Wales Per Centimeter
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• Fabric Weight (GSM)
– It is measured in grams per square meter (GSM) but it
can also be expressed as ounces per square yard
(ozs/yd2).
»Calculation
Weight (GSM) = S*S.L*T
100
S = Stitch Density (cpc*wpc)
T = Tex of yarn (590.54/count)
S.L = Stitch Length in mm.
Ounces to GSM = ozs/yd2*33.906
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• Roll Weight (Kgs)
– It is measured in kgs (GSM) but it can also be
expressed as ounces per square yard (ozs/yd2).
»Calculation
Roll Weight (kgs) =
tex*CL (cm)*Feeders*Total Rounds*108
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• Fabric Width
– It is measured physically and can be calculated as
under:
»Calculation
Width (cm) = # of Needles
Wales/cm
Or
Dia *  * E
Wales/cm
For Tubular divide the above with 2
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• Tightness Factor
– It is ratio between the yarn diameter and its
loop length in the structure. It indicates
Tightness or Looseness of the fabric. Its values
ranges between 1.29 and 1.64; the average 1.46.
Higher values means Tighter the Fabric is
Calculation
TF = Tex
L
L = Stitch length in mm