First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)

 After finishing his medical course in University of Santo Tomas, Jose Rizal then decided to
go to Spain mainly for two reasons:
 To finish his medical specialization.
 To do his “secret mission” in preparation for his fight in the Philippines.
 His travel was kept secret to avoid detection and suspicion from Spanish government and
friars.
 He then used the name Jose Mercado and was also assisted by his uncle, Antonio Rivera.
Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)
 He boarded the ship Salvadora bound for Singapore.
 Donato Lecha, captain of the ship defined Jose as a refined man.
 He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882.
 He stayed in Hotel de la Paz.
 He then left Singapore on May 11, 1882 boarded the ship Djemnah.
Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 – 17, 1882)
·  Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seaport town in southern Ceylon.
·  He defined Point Galle as a picturesque but lonely town.
·  He then went to Colombo to get references in learning the French language.
·  He defined Colombo as an elegant town compared to Manila.
Ceylon to Italy ( May 17 – June 11, 1882)
·  He was amused when the first time he saw camels in Aden.
·  They travelled in Suez Canal, a route from Asia to Europe then docked in Port Said.
·  Jose then arrived in Naples, Italy, which according to Jose as a panoramic beauty.
Italy to France ( June 11 – June 12, 1882)
·  Djemnah then docked at the port in the city of Marseilles.
·  Jose visited Chateau D’if, a famous landmark in Count of Monte Cristo.
·  First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
·  France to Spain
·  In the afternoon of May 5, 1882, Jose left Marseilles by train and travelled going to Barcelona.
·  He arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
·  His first impression of the city was that it was unfavorable.
·  He then created articles for the Diariong Tagalog which were Amor Patrio and Los Viajes using
the pen name Laong Laan.
·  During this time , Manila was ravaged by cholera according to his brother Paciano.
·  Jose was disheartened also because of the letter sent by LeonorRivera.
·  Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for Madrid.
Experiences in Madrid
·  Jose pursued his medical course and finished also the course which was decided by his father.
·  Jose’s only vice was lottery in every lottery in Madrid.
·  Jose spends his leisure time reading and attending reunion of illustrados in Madrid.
·  He also practiced shooting and fencing in a communal gymnasium.
·  He was then acquainted in the fraternal group of illustrados in Madrid, Circulo Hispano –
Filipino.
·  He then declaimed the poem, Mi Piden Versus in a gathering of the group in New Year’s Eve of
1882.
·  He then saved some of his money to purchase books like Uncle Tom’s Cabin ( Beecher Stowe)
and The Wandering Jew (EugeneSue).
First Visit in Paris (1883)
·  He visited Paris during their summer vacation in Madrid.
·  According to Rizal, everything in Paris was so expensive that he called Paris as the “costliest city
in the world.”
·  He then visited Laennec Hospital where he observed Dr. Nicaise treating patients.
·  Jose was impressed and saddened on how the Masons were observed and recognized by the
government, which could not be done in the Philippines.
·  He then joined a masonic lodge, Acacia in which he later became a master mason in 1890.
·  He joined the masonic lodge to secure their aid against his fightwith the Spanish.
·  During this time, Calamba was infested with pests, hacienderos increased their taxes and
parasites killed a lot of poultry in Calamba.
The Return of Rizal in Madrid
·  June 24, 1884 – A saddening event happened to Rizal where he was broke that he cannot afford
to buy breakfast.
·  Rizal then attended class and won a gold medal in a Greek language contest.
·  June 25, 1884 – a banquet was called for the illustrados for the double victory Filipinos achieved
in Madrid: Luna’s Spoliarium (1st place) and Hidalgo’s Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho(2nd
place)
·  November 20 – 22, 1884 – A bloody riot in Madrid exploded by thestudents of Universidad
Central.
·  November 26, 1884 – Jose send a letter about the riot that happened in Madrid explaining it
detail by detail.
·  June 21, 1884 – He earned the Licentiate in Medicine.
·  June 19, 1885 – He finished his Philosophy and Letters as a Sobresaliente.
·  He was not happy earning his license as a Doctor because he knew he will not be accepted in
University of Santo Tomas.
France to Germany (1885 -1887)
·  After graduating in Madrid, he went to Paris to practiceophthalmology.
·  He then met Maximo Viola, who would later be his best friend in Europe.
·  Rizal stayed in Paris for four months, where he became an assistant ophthalmologist for Dr.
Louis de Weckert.
·  He then met Juan Luna and his girlfriend, Paz Pardo de Tavera.
·  In Luna’s painting The Death of Cleopatra, Jose posed as an Egyptian and posed a sandugo
depicting Sikatuna – Legazpi pact.
·  During this time he learned also to read the solfeggio and play thepiano and flute.
·  Alin mang Lahi – a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts freedom.
·  February 3, 1886 – Jose arrived in Heidelberg, where he was considered a an excellent chess
player.
·  He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an ophthalmologist.
·  He was also amazed with flowers growing in Heidelberg, where he dedicated his fine poem , A
Flores de Heidelberg.
Germany
·  Karl Ullmer – A Protestant Pastor who was the friend of Jose and let Jose stay in his home.
·  July 31, 1886 – Jose wrote his first German letter to Professor Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of
Leitmeritz in Austria.
·  August 9, 1886 – Jose left Heidelberg and arrived in Leipzig in August 16, 1886.
·  He then became friends with Friedrich Ratzel and Hans Meyer who were historians.
·  He then translated different German and Swiss literary works and was send to the Philippines.
·  He even translated fairy tales in Tagalog for the nephew of the historians.
·  Knowing his translation skills, he then worked as a proof reader in a publishing firm in Germany.
·  He then met one of the authors he admired, Dr. Feodor Jagor.
·  Jose then became a recognized member of Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society and
Geographical Society of Berlin.
·  He wrote Tagalische Verkunst, an article about the Tagalog languagewritten in German
(Icelandic) which was praised and commended by the German community.
·  Jose stayed in Berlin to enhance his knowledge about ophthalmology, to observe Germany and
to publish his novel, Noli me Tangere.
·  Madame Lucie Cerdole – A professor in French language who enhanced the knowledge of Jose
about French language and culture.
·  Unter den Linden – a famous street in Berlin where Jose like to hang out.
·  In his letter to Trinidad, he discussed about the personality ofGerman women: diligent, serious,
educated, friendly, not gossipy and not quarrelsome.
The Creation of Noli me Tangere
·  Winter of 1886 – Jose was flat broke and he had to pawn the diamond ring her sister, Saturnina
gave him.
·  This was memorable for two reasons: the pain of hunger and sickness he experienced and the
creation of Noli me Tangere.
·  Uncle Tom’s Cabin – A novel used by Jose as a reference for Noli me Tangere.
·  January 1884 – Jose suggested that the novel should be done by a group of patriotic Filipinos,
but at the end he was the only one to finish it.
·  Half of the novel was written in Paris, he continued a quarter of his novel in Madrid and the last
part in Germany.
·  In Berlin, He finalized the revisions in February 1886.
·  Because Jose was flat broke, his friend, Maximo Viola funded the publication of the novel where
2000 copies were printed for 300 pesos.
·  As a sign of gratitude, Jose gave Maximo one of the original copies of the novel and a
complimentary copy.
·  Jose admitted that the title, Noli me Tangere was not originally came from him but from a Bible
verse. ( John 20 : 13-17)
·  He dedicated the novel to his fatherland- the Philippines.
The Travels of Rizal and Viola
·  May 11, 1887 – The two left Berlin in an express train.
·  They visited different places in Europe like:
·  Dresden (Germany)
·  Teschen ( Czechoslovakia)
·  Leitmeritz ( Bohemia)
·  Vienna (Austria)
·  Munich (Germany)
·  Nuremberg (Germany)
·  Geneva (Switzerland)
·  June 23, 1887 – Jose and Maximo parted ways, Jose went to Italyand Maximo returned in Spain.
·  June 27, 1887 – he arrived in Rome, where he called “The City ofCaesar.”
·  After a week, Jose prepared to return to the Philippines.
First Homecoming
·  Because of the uproar created by the novel, Paciano advised Jose not to return home yet.
·  But Jose was determined to return home because he wanted to treat his mother’s eyes.
·  July 3, 1887 – He then boarded Djemnah again after several years.
·  July 30, 1887 – He arrived in Saigon , Vietnam which he boarded his transfer ship, Haiphong
bound for Manila.
·  August 2, 1887 – the steam ship lest for Manila.
·  The calmness of the sea and the night sky, the illumination of the moonlight prepared Jose for
his battle against the Spanish.
·  Aug 5, 1887 – Jose arrived in the Manila.
·  Upon arrival, he then treated young Filipinos and introduced European culture.
·  But one thing that Jose was not able to do, to meet Leonor Rivera.
Second Travel Abroad ( 1888 -1892)
·  In September 1887, Jose suspended his trip to Europe because her sister, Olympia, died of
internal bleeding due to her giving birth.
·  Even though his family was persecuted because of the uproar of Noli me Tangere, his family
decided Rizal will stay in the Philippines.
·  December 29, 1887 – The Church ordered a prohibition in the publication and circulation of the
Noli me Tangere.
·  February 3, 1888 – After staying in the Philippines, Jose left Manila for Hongkong bringing 5000
pesos, earning from his medical practice.
Jose in Hongkong
( February 3, 1888 – February 22, 1888)
·  With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some Portuguese, they boarded the ship Kui
Kiang.
·  Jose stayed in the house of Juan Lecaroz, where he went to observed botanical garden.
·  After staying for almost two weeks, Jose left Hongkong for Japan onboard of Oceanic.
·  Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 – April 13, 1888)
·  Upon arrival, he stayed in Hotel Grande and visited places like Yokohama and Tokyo.
·  Then he met Juan Perez Caballero, a Spanish ambassador in Japan.
·  Then he met, O Sei-san, Jose’s tour guide, translator and lover.
·  He also learned judo and kabuki.
Rizal in United States of America
(April 13, 1888 -May 13, 1888)
·  Leaving in April 13, 1888, Jose was saddened knowing O Sei-san was left behind.
·  He boarded the ship Belgic and arrived in United States in April 28, 1888.
·  He saw America was marred with racial prejudice.
·  He was quarantined in the ship because of the rumored cholera outbreak.
·  They later realized that the reason of quarantine was a political motive.
·  The day he was released, he stayed in Palace Hotel. (San Francisco)
·  Then he travelled to Oakland via ferry ship.
·  The next day he went to Reno, the biggest little city in the world.
·  He wrote in his diary the beauty of Nevada while travelling to Albany.
·  May 13, 1888 – He arrived in New York where he called it as the “BigTown.”
Rizal in England
·  Jose arrived in England on May 1888.
·  He chose England as his new home to improve his English language, to study Antonio Morga’s
Sucesos de las Felipinas and knowing England was the safest place against the Spanish.
·  While aboard the ship City of Rome, he entertained passengers using yo-yo as a defensive
weapon.
·  Upon arriving in Liverpool, he stayed in Adelphi Hotel.
·  May 25, 1888, Jose traveled in London, where he became a boarder of the Becket where
Gertrude Beckett fell in love.
·  Reinhold Frost, a librarian of Ministry of Affairs, was impressed on Rizal’s work, hailing him as
the “Pearl of Man.”
·  While he was in England, different revolts started to rose in the different parts of the country.
·  He was even condemned by the senators of Spanish Cortes, Salamanca, Vida, Retana and Feced
in Spanish newspaper.
·  His friends and his family were even persecuted in the Philippines.
·  But the good news was, different significant people were defending the Noli me Tangere like
Vicente Garcia.
Rizal’s Annotation of Morga’s Book
·  Considered as one of the greatest achievement of Jose Rizal done in England.
·  It discussed Spanish colonization of Asia on a first-hand account and how this colonization
shaped the world.
·  It condemned and praised the way Spanish colonized different places.
·  It helped the Filipinos understand more the motives of the Spanish colonizing different places.
A Short Visit in Paris and Spain
·  He visited Paris in order to get some references in BibliothequeNationale.
·  He then traveled in Spain and there he met the superpowers of propaganda, Marcelo H. del
Pilar and Mariano Ponce.
Return in London
·  Jose celebrated Christmas day alone in London.
·  Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gave Jose a bust of EmperorAugustus and Julius Caesar.
·  His landlady gave Jose a book about magic knowing he was fascinated with magic.
·  Jose was born to be leader, by unanimous decision, he was chosen as the honorary president of
Asosacion La Solidaridad.
·  This was the recognition given to Filipino patriots in Europe.
·  La Solidaridad – a patriotic newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena on February 18, 1889
in Barcelona, Spain which aims to:
·  To work peacefully for political and social reforms.
·  To show the condition of Philippines so Spain may remedy them.
·  To oppose the evil forces in the Philippines.
·  To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
·  To prioritize Filipino life and happiness.
·  In the first article of Jose in the newspaper, he discussed the situation of the Filipino farmers.
Writings of Rizal in London
·  La Vision del Fray Rodriguez - writing of Jose in which he discussed his new found meaning of
religion and his satirical comments.
·  Spanish considered Fray Rodriguez as dangerous as the Noli me Tangere.
·  This was the time he used the pen name. Dimas Alang.
·  Letter to The Young Women of Malolos – Jose praised the bravery of women of Malolos.
·  Because of the flirting of Rizal and Beckett, he left London to pursues his mission on March 19,
1889.
Jose’s Return in Paris
·  Upon arrival in Paris, Jose was disappointed because landlords in Paris were taking advantage of
the rent because of the festivities.
·  He spend most of his time in Bibliotheque Nationale and continuing learning different
languages.
·  He also continued his fencing lessons with Juan Luna.
·  He wrote different writings during his stay in Paris.
·  The Philippine within a Century – He discussed the glory of Filipino race and how the Spanish
destroyed it.
·  The Indolence of the Filipino - Jose discussed the lack of enthusiasm of Filipinos and reasons
behind it.
Works in Brussels
·  This is where Jose Rizal started writing his second most famous novel, El Filibusterismo.
(September 18, 1891)
·  He was accompanied by Jose Alberto and later by Jose Alejandro.
·  He spent most of his time writing the novel and writing articles for the newspaper.
·  Rizal adapted every articles written in German and translated it in Spanish and Tagalog.
·  He also condemned Filipinos in Madrid addicted to gambling.
·  One night, he dreamed he was not able to reach the age of 30.
·  He joked about it, calling himself Laong Laan. (always ready)
·  Inspite of the advices and danger, he was decided to return to Philippines again.
Second Homecoming (1892)
·  He was decided to return to Philippines because was persecuted and tortured by the Spanish
government.
·  Before returning, he went to Madrid spending alone in the winter carrying all his problems.
·  He experienced downside moments in Madrid thinking the injustices of his family in Calamba.
·  He then publicly challenged Wenceslao Retana in a duel and his blood is the payment for his
insolence.
·  December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera.
·  For several years he spend his time in Madrid, until the time of his homecoming.
·  June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrived in Manila together with Lucia.
·  From his arrival, guardia civil were waiting for him.
·  He then visited his sister and he was shadowed by government spies.
·  He then attended a meeting of Chinese Mestizos in Tondo, Manila which aimed in the creation
of La Liga Filipina.

Second Arrival in the Philippines

·  June 26, 1892 – Jose Rizal arrived in the Philippines together with his sister, Lucia.
·  Before leaving Europe, he declared to the Filipinos in Europe:
·  “The fight is in the Philippines, not in Madrid. There we should meet, help each other, cry and
triumph for the sake of our country.”
·  His objectives in returning in the Philippines were:
·  Borneo Colonization Project
·  Establish a Civic Organization
·  Stop the persecution of his family and his fellowmen
·  In his arrival, he was met by guardia civil and asked to stay in Hotel de Oriente.
·  In the afternoon, he asked to have a discussion with Governor-general Eulogio Despujol.
·  July 6, 1892 – Despujol changed his decision asking if he will return to Hongkong.
·  Upon inspection, Despujol found brochures entitled “Pobres Frailes.”
·  Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – These were brochures authored by Father Jacinto discussing about
the vast richness of Dominican friars contrary to their monastic vow of poverty.
·  There were two suspicions about the brochures.
·  It was by accident packed by Lucia from the home of Jose Maria Basa in Hongkong.
·  It was planted by the Spanish guards in his bag.
·  Because of this event, Despujol decided to imprison Rizal in Fuerza de Santiago before his exile
to Dapitan.
La Liga Filipina
·  July 3, 1892 – in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco, a group of Filipino mestizos decided to create
a group opposing the Spanish and helping the Filipinos.
·  La Liga Filipina (Filipino League) – a civic organization of Filipinosaimed for reforms under
Spanish government.
·  Objectives of La Liga Filipina
·  To unite all Filipinos under one organization.
·  To give financial and economical aide to poor Filipinos.
·  To oppose persecution and injustices.
·  To develop and improve education system, agriculture and trading.
·  To research and implement social reforms.
·  The philosophy of the organization was “ Unus Pro Omnibus.”
The Arrest of Rizal
·  July 7, 1892 – The supposed meeting of Rizal and Despujol turned out to be an arrest of Rizal.
·  He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago until July 14, 1892.
·  July 15, 1892 – Rizal was secretly transported with maximum security aboard the ship Cebu
bound for Zamboanga.
·  Upon the declaration of Despujol, these were the reasons Rizal was imprisoned.
·  He was in possession of articles and books which oppose the government and country of Spain.
·  He had a brochure opposing the Catholic Church.
·  His novel, El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three Gomburza.
·  The main objective of his articles was to separate the Filipinos from the Catholic Church.
Exile to Dapitan
·  Aboard the ship Cebu, Rizal was accompanied by two military guards, a sergeant ,a corporal and
Spanish soldiers bound for Mindanao garrison.
·  Captain Delgras – the captain of the ship.
·  Upon arrival in Dapitan, he was handed to Captain Ricardo Carcinero.
·  According to Pablo Pastells, Rizal could stay in a convent under certain conditions:
·  He would swear an allegiance to the Spanish government.
·  He would confess to the Church every aspect of his life.
·  He would talk and act like a Spanish.
·  He refused the conditions and stayed under the supervision of Capt.Carcinero.
Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)
·  He lived in the house of Captain Ricardo Carcinero.
·  Ricardo Carcinero – a young, liberated and an open-minded man who welcomed Rizal not as a
prisoner but as a guest.
·  Carcinero and Rizal became friends, that is why Rizal alwaysreported good things about the
captain.
·  A Don Ricardo Carcinero – a poem authored by Rizal which was given on August 26, 1892.
·  Two months after, he won a lottery in Manila having the ticket number of 9736 together with
Carcinero and Francisco Equilor.
·  6, 200 pesos was the share of Jose Rizal which he gave some to his father and to Maria Basa.
·  The rest of the money were used to buy a land in Talisay.
·  Rizal continued painting, sculpting and making poems in Dapitan.
·  Sculptures:
· o A Lady in Dapitan
· o Bust of Saint Peter
· o Bust of Father Guerrico
· o Bust of Josephine Bracken
·  Poems:
· o Hymn to Talisay
· o My Retreat
· o To Josephine
· o The Song of the Traveler

Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)

·  He became a famous surgeon in Dapitan, putting up his own clinic.
·  August 1893 – Rizal operated his sister Maria and did the final operation on the eye of his
mother.
·  March 1895 – Rizal started the water system in Dapitan togetherwith Father Francisco de Paula
Sanchez.
·  He improved also the park in Dapitan, which was preserved by Engineer Cameron.
·  1893 -1896 – Rizal valued education, putting up school catering to poor Filipinos.
·  The subjects were Reading, Writing, Geography, Mathematics, Industrial Arts, Science, English
and Spanish, Boxing and Gymnastics and Maritime Navigation.
·  Rizal also studied Biology, studying and collecting different organisms, discovering new species
animals.
· o Draco rizali – lizard
· o Apogonia rizali – coconut beetle
· o Rhacaphorus rizali - frog
·  Mi Retiro (My Retreat) – a poem requested by Teodora Alonso to Rizal which was send on October 22, 1895.
·  The content was all about the life of Rizal’s life in Dapitan.
·  Rizal became a farmer and an entrepreneur, and his main client was Ramon Carreon.
·  He invented a machine, creating a 6000 bricks a day.
·  August 28. 1893 – Leonor Rivera died, which was healed by thearrival of Josephine Bracken.
·  Josephine Bracken – an Irish woman who hailed from Hongkong.
·  She was the last love of Jose Rizal.
·  March 1895 – She accompanied his stepfather, George Taufer to be operated in the eyes.
·  The time they met they fell in love with each other.
·  The time they planned to marry, the Catholic Church disagreedknowing Rizal was a masonic member.
·  They were married accordance to their own will.
·  They lived happily and peacefully, but their only child died three hours after giving birth.

The Katipunan
·  Upon the exile of Rizal, two organizations were created.
· o Cuerpo de Compromisarios
· o Katipunan
·  Katipunan was the prevalent group among the two.
·  Jose Rizal was the honorary president in the establishment of the secret society.
A Visit from Dr. Pio Valenzuela
·  June 21, 1896 – Bonifacio send Valenzuela to Fort Santiago to ask for support from Jose Rizal.
·  Jose Rizal refused to help for several reasons:
·  The Filipinos were not prepared to fight.
·  Filipinos lacked weaponry against the Spanish.
·  The Katipunan offered help but Rizal refused.
·  He wanted to be a doctor of the Spanish army to study their militarytactics and practicality.
·  He wanted to give time for the Filipinos to gather weapons against the Spanish.
Rizal’s Last Travel
·  July 31, 1896 – Rizal travelled in Manila together with Narcisa, Josephine and some nephews
accordance to the order of Governor-general Blanco.
·  August 6, 1896 – Jose Rizal was bound to Spain but the ship left.
·  August 19, 1896 – Katipunan was discovered.
·  August 23, 1896 – Rizal left Manila bound for Singapore aboard the ship Isla de Panay.
·  Pedro Roxas urged Rizal to stay in Singapore to plan for the revolution but he refused.
·  September 30, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in the ship.
·  October 6, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in Montjuic.
·  November 3, 1896 – aboard the ship SS Colon, Rizal arrived in Manila and imprisoned in Fort
Santiago.
The Trial of Jose Rizal (1896)
·  November 29, 1896 – The Spanish government started the trial against Jose Rizal.
·  The basis of the case were:
· o Oral Arguments
· o Documented Evidences
·  Aside from Rizal, several people were on the trial:
· o Moises Salavador
· o Deodato Arellano
· o Ambrocio Salvador
· o Pio Valenzuela
·  December 7, 1896 – The Spanish Royal Cortes suggested:
· o Jose Rizal should be presented in the court immediately.
· o Jose Rizal should stay in prison.
· o The Jury should be composed of Spanish soldiers.
· o Jose Rizal should pay 1 million Mexican pesos.
·  December 8, 1896 – Jose Rizal chose Luis Taviel de Andrade to be his defendant.
·  December 11, 1896- Jose Rizal was charged with cases:
· o Treason
· o Sedition
·  Jose Rizal urged the Katipunan to stop the fighting, which was not heard by the Filipinos.
·  December 26, 1896 – It was the day of trial of Jose Rizal headed by:
· o Lieutenant Coronel Jose Togores Arjona
· o Captain Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
· o Captain Braulio Rodriguez
· o Captain Muñoz Arias
· o Captain Manuel Diaz Escribano
· o Captain Fernandez Perez Rodriguez
· o Enrique de Alocer
·  Josephine Bracken was on the trial including some of the siblings of Jose Rizal.
·  Luis Taviel de Andrade– defended Rizal and said the jury should not be judgmental but rather just.
·  December 28, 1896 – Jose Rizal was sentenced to firing squad in December 30, 1896.

Jose Rizal’s Last Moments

·  Jose Rizal was sent to be imprisoned again in Fort Santiago.
·  Several priests visited Rizal tried to convince Rizal to take back everything he said against the
Spanish government ,but he refused.
·  Teodora Alonso, Francisco Mercado and Narcisa were the onlyallowed people to visit him.
·  He gave all his possession especially his alcohol stove, containinghis last novel, Mi Ultimo Adios.
·  December 30, 1896 – Rizal asked Vicente Balaquer to conduct a wedding between Rizal and
Bracken.
·  He gave a book to Bracken, De La Imitacion de Cristo.
·  The last message of Rizal to Josephine was “To my dear and unhappy wife, Josephine Bracken.”
·  He also gave a letter to his parents asking for forgiveness, a letter to Paciano saying he love him
and thanking him and saying by thetime he received the letter his dead.
·  December 30, 1896 – Rizal walked to Bagumbayan guarded by Spanish soldiers together with
Father Estanislao March, FatherJose Villaclara.
·  7: 03 AM – Jose Rizal was killed by a firing squad.
·  A bullet in his pelvic was the one that killed him.