First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
Jose spends his leisure time reading and attending
 After finishing his medical course in University of Santo
Tomas, Jose Rizal then decided to go to Spain mainly for
two reasons:
 To finish his medical specialization.
 To do his “secret mission” in preparation for his fight in
the Philippines.
 His travel was kept secret to avoid detection and
suspicion from Spanish government and friars.
 He then used the name Jose Mercado and was also
assisted by hisuncle, Antonio Rivera.
Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)
 He boarded the ship Salvadora bound for Singapore.
 Donato Lecha, captain of the ship defined Jose as a
refined man.
 He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882.
 He stayed in Hotel de la Paz.
 He then left Singapore on May 11, 1882, boarded the ship
Djemnah.
Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 – 17, 1882)
 Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seaport town in southern
Ceylon.
 He defined Point Galle as a picturesque but lonely town.
 He then went to Colombo to get references in learning
the French language.
 He defined Colombo as an elegant town compared to
Manila.
Ceylon to Italy (May 17 – June 11, 1882)
 He was amused when the first time he saw camels in
Aden.
 They travelled in Suez Canal, a route from Asia to Europe
then docked in Port Said.
 Jose then arrived in Naples, Italy, which according to Jose
as a panoramic beauty.
Italy to France (June 11 – June 12, 1882)
 Djemnah then docked at the port in the city of Marseilles.
 Jose visited Chateau D’if, a famous landmark in Count of
Monte Cristo.
 First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
 France to Spain
 In the afternoon of May 5, 1882, Jose left Marseilles by
train and travelled going to Barcelona.
 He arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
 His first impression of the city was that it was
unfavorable.
 He then created articles for the Diariong Tagalog which
were Amor Patria and Los Viajes using the pen name Laong
Laan.
 During this time, Manila was ravaged by cholera according
to his brother Paciano.
 Jose was disheartened also because of the letter sent by
Leonor Rivera.
 Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for Madrid.
Experiences in Madrid
 Jose pursued his medical course and also finished the
course which was decided by his father.
 Jose’s only vice was lottery in every lottery in Madrid.
 
reunion of illustrados in Madrid.
 He also practiced shooting and fencing in a communal
gymnasium.
 He was then acquainted in the fraternal group of
illustrados in Madrid, Circulo Hispano – Filipino.
 He then declaimed the poem, Mi Piden Versus in a
gathering of the group in New Year’s Eve of 1882.
 He then saved some of his money to purchase books like
Uncle Tom’s Cabin ( Beecher Stowe) and The Wandering
Jew (EugeneSue).
First Visit in Paris (1883)
 He visited Paris during their summer vacation in Madrid.
 According to Rizal, everything in Paris was so expensive
that he called Paris as the “costliest city in the world.”
 He then visited Laennec Hospital where he observed Dr.
Nicaise treating patients.
 Jose was impressed and saddened on how the Masons
were observed and recognized by the government, which
could not be done in the Philippines.
 He then joined a masonic lodge, Acacia in which he later
became a master mason in 1890.
 He joined the masonic lodge to secure their aid against his
fightwith the Spanish.
 During this time, Calamba was infested with pests,
hacienderos increased their taxes and parasites killed a lot
of poultry in Calamba.
The Return of Rizal in Madrid
 June 24, 1884 – A saddening event happened to Rizal
where he was broke that he cannot afford to buy breakfast.
 Rizal then attended class and won a gold medal in a Greek
language contest.
 June 25, 1884 – a banquet was called for the illustrados
for the double victory Filipinos achieved in Madrid: Luna’s
Spoliarium (1st place) and Hidalgo’s Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho(2nd place)
 November 20 – 22, 1884 – A bloody riot in Madrid
exploded by thestudents of Universidad Central.
 November 26, 1884 – Jose sends a letter about the riot
that happened in Madrid explaining it detail by detail.
 June 21, 1884 – He earned the Licentiate in Medicine.
 June 19, 1885 – He finished his Philosophy and Letters as
a Sobresaliente.
 He was not happy earning his license as a Doctor because
he knew he will not be accepted in University of Santo
Tomas.
France to Germany (1885 -1887)
 After graduating in Madrid, he went to Paris to practice
ophthalmology.
 He then met Maximo Viola, who would later be his best
friend in Europe.
 Rizal stayed in Paris for four months, where he became an
assistant ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de Weckert.
 He then met Juan Luna and his girlfriend, Paz Pardo de
Tavera.
 In Luna’s painting The Death of Cleopatra, Jose posed as
an Egyptian and posed a sandugo depicting Sikatuna –
Legazpi pact.
 During this time, he learned also to read the solfeggio and
play thepiano and flute.
 Alin mang Lahi – a patriotic song written by Rizal which
asserts freedom.
 February 3, 1886 – Jose arrived in Heidelberg, where he
was considered an excellent chess player.
 He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an ophthalmologist.
 He was also amazed with flowers growing in Heidelberg,
where he dedicated his fine poem, A Flores de Heidelberg.
Germany
 Karl Ullmer – A Protestant Pastor who was the friend of
Jose and let Jose stay in his home.
 July 31, 1886 – Jose wrote his first German letter to
Professor Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz in
Austria.
 August 9, 1886 – Jose left Heidelberg and arrived in
Leipzig on August 16, 1886.
 He then became friends with Friedrich Ratzel and Hans
Meyer who were historians.
 He then translated different German and Swiss literary
works and was send to the Philippines.
 He even translated fairy tales in Tagalog for the nephew
of the historians.
 Knowing his translation skills, he then worked as a
proofreader in a publishing firm in Germany.
 He then met one of the authors he admired, Dr. Feodor
Jagor.
 Jose then became a recognized member of
Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society and
Geographical Society of Berlin.
 He wrote Tagalische Verkunst, an article about the
Tagalog language written in German (Icelandic) which was
praised and commended by the German community.
 Jose stayed in Berlin to enhance his knowledge about
ophthalmology, to observe Germany and to publish his
novel, Noli me Tangere.
 Madame Lucie Cerdole – A professor in French language
who enhanced the knowledge of Jose about French
language and culture.
 Unter den Linden – a famous street in Berlin where Jose
like to hang out.
 In his letter to Trinidad, he discussed about the
personality of German women: diligent, serious, educated,
friendly, not gossipy and not quarrelsome.
The Creation of Noli me Tangere
 Winter of 1886 – Jose was flat broke, and he had to pawn
the diamond ring her sister, Saturnina gave to him.
 This was memorable for two reasons: the pain of hunger
and sickness he experienced and the creation of Noli me
Tangere.
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin – A novel used by Jose as a reference
for Noli me Tangere.
 January 1884 – Jose suggested that the novel should be
done by a group of patriotic Filipinos, but at the end he was
the only one to finish it.
 Half of the novel was written in Paris; he continued a
quarter of his novel in Madrid and the last part in Germany.
 In Berlin, He finalized the revisions in February 1886.
 Because Jose was flat broke, his friend, Maximo Viola
funded the publication of the novel where 2000 copies
were printed for 300 pesos.
 As a sign of gratitude, Jose gave Maximo one of the
original copiesof the novel and a complimentary copy.
 Jose admitted that the title, Noli me Tangere was not
originally came from him but from a Bible verse. (John 20 :
13-17)
 He dedicated the novel to his fatherland- the Philippines.
The Travels of Rizal and Viola
 May 11, 1887 – The two left Berlin in an express train.
 They visited different places in Europe like:
 Dresden (Germany)
 Teschen (Czechoslovakia)
 Leitmeritz (Bohemia)
 Vienna (Austria)
 Munich (Germany)
 Nuremberg (Germany)
 Geneva (Switzerland)
 June 23, 1887 – Jose and Maximo parted ways; Jose went
to Italyand Maximo returned in Spain.
 June 27, 1887 – he arrived in Rome, where he called “The
City ofCaesar.”
 After a week, Jose prepared to return to the Philippines.
First Homecoming
 Because of the uproar created by the novel, Paciano
advised Jose not to return home yet.
 But Jose was determined to return home because he
wanted to treat his mother’s eyes.
 July 3, 1887 – He then boarded Djemnah again after
several years.
 July 30, 1887 – He arrived in Saigon, Vietnam which he
boarded his transfer ship, Haiphong bound for Manila.
 August 2, 1887 – the steam ship lest for Manila.
 The calmness of the sea and the night sky, the
illumination of the moonlight prepared Jose for his battle
against the Spanish.
 Aug 5, 1887 – Jose arrived in the Manila.
 Upon arrival, he then treated young Filipinos and
introduced European culture.
 But one thing that Jose was not able to do, to meet
Leonor Rivera.
Second Travel Abroad (1888 -1892)
 In September 1887, Jose suspended his trip to Europe
because her sister, Olympia, died of internal bleeding due
to her giving birth.
 Even though his family was persecuted because of the
uproar of Noli me Tangere, his family decided Rizal will stay
in the Philippines.
 December 29, 1887 – The Church ordered a prohibition in
the publication and circulation of the Noli me Tangere.
 February 3, 1888 – After staying in the Philippines, Jose
left Manila for Hongkong bringing 5000 pesos, earning from
his medical practice.
Jose in Hongkong (February 3, 1888 – February 22, 1888)
 With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some
Portuguese, they boarded the ship Kui Kiang.
 Jose stayed in the house of Juan Lecaroz, where he went
to observed botanical garden.
 After staying for almost two weeks, Jose left Hongkong for
Japan onboard of Oceanic.
 Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 – April 13, 1888)
 Upon arrival, he stayed in Hotel Grande and visited places
like Yokohama and Tokyo.
 Then he met Juan Perez Caballero, a Spanish ambassador
in Japan.
 Then he met, O Sei-san, Jose’s tour guide, translator, and
lover.
 He also learned judo and kabuki.
Rizal in United States of America (April 13, 1888 -May 13,
1888)
 Leaving on April 13, 1888, Jose was saddened knowing O
Sei-san was left behind.
 He boarded the ship Belgic and arrived in United States on
April 28, 1888.
 He saw America was marred with racial prejudice.
 He was quarantined in the ship because of the rumored
cholera outbreak.
 They later realized that the reason of quarantine was a
political motive.
 The day he was released, he stayed in Palace Hotel. (San
Francisco)
 Then he travelled to Oakland via ferry ship.
 The next day he went to Reno, the biggest little city in the
world.
 He wrote in his diary the beauty of Nevada while
travelling to Albany.
  May 13, 1888 – He arrived in New York where he called
it as the “Big Town.”
Rizal in England
  Jose arrived in England on May 1888.
  He chose England as his new home to improve his
English language, to study Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las
Felipinas and knowing England was the safest place against
the Spanish.
 While aboard the ship City of Rome, he entertained
passengers using yo-yo as a defensive weapon.
 Upon arriving in Liverpool, he stayed in Adelphi Hotel.
 May 25, 1888, Jose traveled in London, where he became
a boarder of the Becket where Gertrude Beckett fell in love.
 Reinhold Frost, a librarian of Ministry of Affairs, was
impressed on Rizal’s work, hailing him as the “Pearl of
Man.”
 While he was in England, different revolts started to rose
in the different parts of the country.
 He was even condemned by the senators of Spanish
Cortes, Salamanca, Vida, Retana and Feced in Spanish
newspaper.
 His friends and his family were even persecuted in the
Philippines.
 But the good news was, different significant people were
defending the Noli me Tangere like Vicente Garcia.
Rizal’s Annotation of Morga’s Book
 Considered as one of the greatest achievements of Jose
Rizal done in England.
 It discussed Spanish colonization of Asia on a first-hand
account and how this colonization shaped the world.
 It condemned and praised the way Spanish colonized
different places.
 It helped the Filipinos understand more the motives of
the Spanish colonizing different places.
A Short Visit in Paris and Spain
 He visited Paris to get some references in Bibliotheque
Nationale.
 He then traveled in Spain and there he met the
superpowers of propaganda, Marcelo H. del Pilar and
Mariano Ponce.
Return in London
 Jose celebrated Christmas day alone in London.
 Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gave Jose a bust of
Emperor Augustus and Julius Caesar.
 His landlady gave Jose a book about magic knowing he
was fascinated with magic.
 Jose was born to be leader, by unanimous decision, he
was chosen as the honorary president of Asosacion La
Solidaridad.
 This was the recognition given to Filipino patriots in
Europe.
 La Solidaridad – a patriotic newspaper founded by
Graciano Lopez Jaena on February 18, 1889, in Barcelona,
Spain which aims to:
 To work peacefully for political and social reforms.
 To show the condition of Philippines so Spain may remedy
them.
 To oppose the evil forces in the Philippines.
 To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
 To prioritize Filipino life and happiness.
 In the first article of Jose in the newspaper, he discussed
the situation of the Filipino farmers.
Writings of Rizal in London
 La Vision del Fray Rodriguez - writing of Jose in which he
discussed his newfound meaning of religion and his satirical
comments.
 Spanish considered Fray Rodriguez as dangerous as the
Noli me Tangere.
 This was the time he used the pen name. Dimas Alang.
 Letter to The Young Women of Malolos – Jose praised the
bravery of women of Malolos.
 Because of the flirting of Rizal and Beckett, he left London
to pursues his mission on March 19, 1889.
Jose’s Return in Paris
 Upon arrival in Paris, Jose was disappointed because
landlords in Paris were taking advantage of the rent
because of the festivities.
 He spends most of his time in Bibliotheque Nationale and
continuing learning different languages.
 He also continued his fencing lessons with Juan Luna.
 He wrote different writings during his stay in Paris.
 The Philippine within a Century – He discussed the glory
of Filipino race and how the Spanish destroyed it.
 The Indolence of the Filipino - Jose discussed the lack of
enthusiasm of Filipinos and reasons behind it.
Works in Brussels
 This is where Jose Rizal started writing his second most
famous novel, El Filibusterismo. (September 18, 1891)
 He was accompanied by Jose Alberto and later by Jose
Alejandro.
 He spent most of his time writing the novel and writing
articles for the newspaper.
 Rizal adapted every articles written in German and
translated it in Spanish and Tagalog.
 He also condemned Filipinos in Madrid addicted to
gambling.
 One night, he dreamed he was not able to reach the age
of 30.
 He joked about it, calling himself Laong Laan. (Always
ready)
 Despite the advice and danger, he was decided to return
to Philippines again.
Second Homecoming (1892)
 He was decided to return to Philippines because was
persecuted and tortured by the Spanish government.
 Before returning, he went to Madrid spending alone in
the winter carrying all his problems.
 He experienced downside moments in Madrid thinking
the injustices of his family in Calamba.
 He then publicly challenged Wenceslao Retana in a duel
and his blood is the payment for his insolence.
 December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from Leonor
Rivera.
 For several years he spend his time in Madrid, until the
time of his homecoming.
 June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrived in Manila together with
Lucia.
 From his arrival, guardian civil were waiting for him.
 He then visited his sister, and he was shadowed by
government spies.
 He then attended a meeting of Chinese Mestizos in
Tondo, Manila which aimed in the creation of La Liga
Filipina.
Second Arrival in the Philippines
 June 26, 1892 – Jose Rizal arrived in the Philippines
together with his sister, Lucia.
 Before leaving Europe, he declared to the Filipinos in
Europe:
 “The fight is in the Philippines, not in Madrid. There
we should meet, help each other, cry and triumph for
the sake of our country.”
 His objectives in returning in the Philippines were:
 Borneo Colonization Project
 Establish a Civic Organization
 Stop the persecution of his family and his
fellowmen.
 In his arrival, he was met by guardia civil and asked
to stay in Hotel de Oriente.
 In the afternoon, he asked to have a discussion with
Governor-general Eulogio Despujol.
 July 6, 1892 – Despujol changed his decision asking if
he will return to Hongkong.
 Upon inspection, Despujol found brochures entitled
“Pobres Frailes.”
 Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – These were brochures
authored by Father Jacinto discussing about the vast
richness of Dominican friar’s contrary to their
monastic vow of poverty.
 There were two suspicions about the brochures.
 It was by accident packed by Lucia from the home of
Jose Maria Basa in Hongkong.
 It was planted by the Spanish guards in his bag.
 Because of this event, Despujol decided to imprison
Rizal in Fuerza de Santiago before his exile to Dapitan.
La Liga Filipina
 July 3, 1892 – in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco, a
group of Filipino mestizos decided to create a group
opposing the Spanish and helping the Filipinos.
 La Liga Filipina (Filipino League) – a civic organization
of Filipinos aimed for reforms under Spanish
government.
 Objectives of La Liga Filipina
 To unite all Filipinos under one organization.
 To give financial and economical aide to poor
Filipinos.
 To oppose persecution and injustices.
 To develop and improve education system,
agriculture, and trading.
 To research and implement social reforms.
 The philosophy of the organization was “Unus Pro
Omnibus.”
The Arrest of Rizal
 July 7, 1892 – The supposed meeting of Rizal and
Despujol turned out to be an arrest of Rizal.
 He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago until July 14,
1892.
 July 15, 1892 – Rizal was secretly transported with
maximum security aboard the ship Cebu bound for
Zamboanga.
 Upon the declaration of Despujol, these where the
reasons Rizal was imprisoned.
 He was in possession of articles and books which
oppose the government and country of Spain.
 He had a brochure opposing the Catholic Church.
 His novel, El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the
three Gomburza.
 The main objective of his articles was to separate
the Filipinos from the Catholic Church.
Exile to Dapitan
 Aboard the ship Cebu, Rizal was accompanied by
two military guards, a sergeant, a corporal and
Spanish soldiers bound for Mindanao garrison.
 Captain Delgras – the captain of the ship.
 Upon arrival in Dapitan, he was handed to Captain
Ricardo Carcinero.
 According to Pablo Pastells, Rizal could stay in a
convent under certain conditions:
 He would swear an allegiance to the Spanish
government.
 He would confess to the Church every aspect of his
life.
 He would talk and act like a Spanish.
 He refused the conditions and stayed under the
supervision of Capt.Carcinero.
Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)
 He lived in the house of Captain Ricardo Carcinero.
 Ricardo Carcinero – a young, liberated and an open-
minded man who welcomed Rizal not as a prisoner
but as a guest.
 Carcinero and Rizal became friends, that is why Rizal
always reported good things about the captain.
 A Don Ricardo Carcinero – a poem authored by Rizal
which was given on August 26, 1892.
 Two months after, he won a lottery in Manila having
the ticket number of 9736 together with Carcinero
and Francisco Equilor.
 6, 200 pesos was the share of Jose Rizal which he
gave some to his father and to Maria Basa.
 The rest of the money were used to buy a land in
Talisay.
 Rizal continued painting, sculpting, and making
poems in Dapitan.
 Sculptures:
o A Lady in Dapitan
o Bust of Saint Peter
o Bust of Father Guerrico
o Bust of Josephine Bracken
 Poems:
o Hymn to Talisay
o My Retreat
o To Josephine
o The Song of the Traveler
Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)
 He became a famous surgeon in Dapitan, putting up
his own clinic.
 August 1893 – Rizal operated his sister Maria and
did the final operation on the eye of his mother.
 March 1895 – Rizal started the water system in
Dapitan togetherwith Father Francisco de Paula
Sanchez.
 He also improved the park in Dapitan, which was
preserved by Engineer Cameron.
 1893 -1896 – Rizal valued education, putting up
school catering to poor Filipinos.
 The subjects were Reading, Writing, Geography,
Mathematics, Industrial Arts, Science, English and
Spanish, Boxing and Gymnastics and Maritime
Navigation.
 Rizal also studied Biology, studying, and collecting
different organisms, discovering new species animals.
o Draco rizali – lizard
o Apogonia rizali – coconut beetle
o Rhacaphorus rizali - frog
 Mi Retiro (My Retreat) – a poem requested by
Teodora Alonso to Rizal which was send on October
22, 1895.
 The content was all about the life of Rizal’s life in
Dapitan.
 Rizal became a farmer and an entrepreneur, and his
main client was Ramon Carreon.
 He invented a machine, creating 6000 bricks a day.
 August 28. 1893 – Leonor Rivera died, which was
healed by the arrival of Josephine Bracken.
 Josephine Bracken – an Irish woman who hailed
from Hongkong.
 She was the last love of Jose Rizal.
 March 1895 – She accompanied his stepfather,
George Taufer to be operated in the eyes.
 The time they met they fell in love with each other.
 The time they planned to marry, the Catholic Church
disagreed knowing Rizal was a masonic member.
 They were married accordance to their own will.
 They lived happily and peacefully, but their only
child died three hours after giving birth.
The Katipunan
 Upon the exile of Rizal, two organizations were
created.
o Cuerpo de Compromisarios
o Katipunan
 Katipunan was the prevalent group among the two.
 Jose Rizal was the honorary president in the
establishment of the secret society.
A Visit from Dr. Pio Valenzuela
 June 21, 1896 – Bonifacio send Valenzuela to Fort
Santiago to ask for support from Jose Rizal.
 Jose Rizal refused to help for several reasons:
 The Filipinos were not prepared to fight.
 Filipinos lacked weaponry against the Spanish.
 The Katipunan offered help, but Rizal refused.
 He wanted to be a doctor of the Spanish army to
study their military tactics and practicality.
 He wanted to give time for the Filipinos to gather
weapons against the Spanish.
Rizal’s Last Travel
 July 31, 1896 – Rizal travelled in Manila together
with Narcisa, Josephine and some nephew’s
accordance to the order of Governor-general Blanco.
 August 6, 1896 – Jose Rizal was bound to Spain, but
the ship left.
 August 19, 1896 – Katipunan was discovered.
 August 23, 1896 – Rizal left Manila bound for
Singapore aboard the ship Isla de Panay.
 Pedro Roxas urged Rizal to stay in Singapore to plan
for the revolution, but he refused.
 September 30, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in the
ship.
 October 6, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in Montjuic.
 November 3, 1896 – aboard the ship SS Colon, Rizal
arrived in Manila and imprisoned in Fort Santiago.
The Trial of Jose Rizal (1896)
 November 29, 1896 – The Spanish government
started the trial against Jose Rizal.
 The basis of the case was:
o Oral Arguments
o Documented Evidence
 Aside from Rizal, several people were on the trial:
o Moises Salavador
o Deodato Arellano
o Ambrocio Salvador
o Pio Valenzuela
 December 7, 1896 – The Spanish Royal Cortes
suggested:
o Jose Rizal should be presented in the court
immediately.
o Jose Rizal should stay in prison.
o The Jury should be composed of Spanish soldiers.
o Jose Rizal should pay 1 million Mexican pesos.
 December 8, 1896 – Jose Rizal chose Luis Taviel de
Andrade to be his defendant.
 December 11, 1896- Jose Rizal was charged with
cases:
o Treason
o Sedition
 Jose Rizal urged the Katipunan to stop the fighting,
which was not heard by the Filipinos.
 December 26, 1896 – It was the day of trial of Jose
Rizal headed by:
 Lieutenant Coronel Jose Togores Arjona
 Captain Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
 Captain Braulio Rodriguez
 Captain Muñoz Arias
 Captain Manuel Diaz Escribano
 Captain Fernandez Perez Rodriguez
 Enrique de Alocer
 Josephine Bracken was on the trial including some of
the siblings of Jose Rizal.
 Luis Taviel de Andrade– defended Rizal and said the
jury should not be judgmental but rather just.
 December 28, 1896 – Jose Rizal was sentenced to
firing squad on December 30, 1896.
Jose Rizal’s Last Moments
 Jose Rizal was sent to be imprisoned again in Fort
Santiago.
 Several priests visited Rizal tried to convince Rizal to
take back everything he said against the Spanish
government, but he refused.
 Teodora Alonso, Francisco Mercado, and Narcisa
were the onlyallowed people to visit him.
 He gave all his possession especially his alcohol
stove, containinghis last novel, Mi Ultimo Adios.
 December 30, 1896 – Rizal asked Vicente Balaquer
to conduct a wedding between Rizal and Bracken.
 He gave a book to Bracken, De La Imitacion de
Cristo.
 The last message of Rizal to Josephine was “To my
dear and unhappy wife, Josephine Bracken.”
 He also gave a letter to his parents asking for
forgiveness, a letter to Paciano saying he love him and
thanking him and saying by thetime he received the
letter his dead.
 December 30, 1896 – Rizal walked to Bagumbayan
guarded by Spanish soldiers together with Father
Estanislao March, FatherJose Villaclara.
 7: 03 AM – Jose Rizal was killed by a firing squad.
 A bullet in his pelvic was the one that killed him.
Lessons from Rizal
 Value for Education
 Love for Family
 Nationalism and Patriotism
 Self-sacrifice for the Greater Good
 Stand to what is just and truthful.