ROSMAR EMRICO DEL M.
TAGALA
First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
•After finishing his medical course in
University of Santo Tomas, Jose Rizal
then decided to go to Spain mainly for
two reasons:
•To finish his medical specialization
•To do his “secret mission” in
preparation for his fight in the
Philippines
•His travel was kept secret to avoid
detection and suspicion from Spanish
government and friars.
•He then used the name Jose Mercado
and was also assisted by his uncle,
Antonio Rivera.
Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11,
1882)
•He boarded the ship Salvadora bound
for Singapore.
•Donato Lecha, captain of the ship
defined Jose as a refined man.
•He arrived in Singapore on May 9,
1882.
•He stayed in Hotel de la Paz.
•He then left Singapore on May 11,
1882 boarded the ship Djemnah
Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 – 17,
1882)
•Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
seaport town in southern Ceylon.
•He defined Point Galle as a
picturesque but lonely town.
•He then went to Colombo to get
references in learning the French
language.
•He defined Colombo as an elegant
town compared to Manila.
Ceylon to Italy ( May 17 – June 11,
1882)
•He was amused when the first time he
saw camels in Aden.
•They travelled in Suez Canal, a route
from Asia to Europe then docked in Port
Said.
•Jose then arrived in Naples, Italy,
which according to Jose as a
Panoramic beauty
Italy to France ( June 11 – June 12,
1882)
•Djemnah then docked at the port in the
city of Marseilles.
•Jose visited Chateau D’if, a famous
landmark in Count of Monte Cristo.
•First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
•France to Spain
•In the afternoon of May 5, 1882, Jose
left Marseilles by train and travelled
going to Barcelona.
•He arrived in Barcelona on June 16,
1882.
•His first impression of the city was that
it was unfavorable.
•He then created articles for the
Diariong Tagalog which were Amor
Patria and Los Viajes using the pen
name Laong Laan.
•During this time , Manila was ravaged
by cholera according to his brother
Paciano.
•Jose was disheartened also because of
the letter sent by Leonor Rivera.
•Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for
Madrid.
Experiences in Madrid
•Jose pursued his medical course and
finished also the course which was
decided by his father.
•Jose’s only vice was lottery in every
lottery in Madrid.
•Jose spends his leisure time reading
and attending reunion of illustrados in
Madrid.
•He also practiced shooting and fencing
in a communal gymnasium.
•He was then acquainted in the fraternal
group of illustrados in Madrid, Circulo
Hispano Filipino.
•He then declaimed the poem, Mi Piden
Versus in a gathering of the group in
New Year’s Eve of 1882.
•He then saved some of his money to
purchase books like Uncle Tom’s Cabin
( Beecher Stowe) and The Wandering
Jew (Eugene Sue).
First Visit in Paris (1883)
•He visited Paris during their summer
vacation in Madrid.
•According to Rizal, everything in Paris
was so expensive that he called Paris
as the “costliest city in the world.”
•He then visited Laennec Hospital
where he observed Dr. Nicaise treating
patients.
•Jose was impressed and saddened on
how the Masons were observed and
recognized by the government, which
could not be done in the Philippines.
•He then joined a masonic lodge,
Acacia in which he later became a
master mason in 1890.
•He joined the masonic lodge to secure
their aid against his fight with the
Spanish
•During this time, Calamba was infested
with pests, hacienderos increased their
taxes and parasites killed a lot of poultry
in Calamba.
The Return of Rizal in Madrid
•June 24, 1884 – A saddening event
happened to Rizal where he was broke
that he cannot afford to buy breakfast.
•Rizal then attended class and won a
gold medal in a Greek language contest
double victory Filipinos achieved in
Madrid: Luna’s Spoliarium (1st place)
and Hidalgo’s Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho (2nd place)
•November 20 – 22, 1884 – A bloody
riot in Madrid exploded by the students
of Universidad Central.
•November 26, 1884 – Jose send a
letter about the riot that happened in
Madrid explaining it detail by detail.
•June 21, 1884 – He earned the
Licentiate in Medicine.
•June 19, 1885 – He finished his
Philosophy and Letters as a
Sobresaliente.
•He was not happy earning his license
as a Doctor because he knew he will not
be accepted in University of Santo
Tomas.
France to Germany (1885 -1887)
•After graduating in Madrid, he went to
Paris to practice ophthalmology.
•He then met Maximo Viola, who would
later be his best friend in Europe.
•Rizal stayed in Paris for four months,
where he became an assistant
ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de
Weckert.
•He then met Juan Luna and his
girlfriend, Paz Pardo de Tavera.
•In Luna’s painting The Death of
Cleopatra, Jose posed as an Egyptian
and posed a sandugo depicting
Sikatuna – Legazpi pact.
•During this time he learned also to read
the solfeggio and play the piano and
flute.
•Alin mang Lahi – a patriotic song
written by Rizal which asserts freedom.
•February 3, 1886 – Jose arrived in
Heidelberg, where he was considered a
an excellent chess player.
•He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an
ophthalmologist.
•He was also amazed with flowers
growing in Heidelberg, where he
dedicated his fine poem , A Flores de
Heidelberg
Germany
•Karl Ullmer – A Protestant Pastor who
was the friend of Jose and let Jose stay
in his home.
•July 31, 1886 – Jose wrote his first
German letter to Professor Blumentritt,
director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz in
Austria.
•August 9, 1886 – Jose left Heidelberg
and arrived in Leipzig in August 16,
1886.
•He then became friends with Friedrich
Ratzel and Hans Meyer who were
historians.
•He then translated different German
and Swiss literary works and was send
to the Philippines.
•He even translated fairy tales in
Tagalog for the nephew of the
historians.
•Knowing his translation skills, he then
worked as a proof reader in a publishing
firm in Germany.
•He then met one of the authors he
admired, Dr. Feodor Jagor.
•Jose then became a recognized
member of Anthropological Society,
Ethnological Society and Geographical
Society of Berlin.
•He wrote Tagalische Verkunst, an
article about the Tagalog language
written in German (Icelandic) which was
praised and commended by the German
community.
•Jose stayed in Berlin to enhance his
knowledge about ophthalmology, to
observe Germany and to publish his
novel, Noli me Tangere.
•Madame Lucie Cerdole – A professor
in French language who enhanced the
knowledge of Jose about French
language and culture.
•Unter den Linden – a famous street in
Berlin where Jose like to hang out.
•In his letter to Trinidad, he discussed
about the personality of German
women: diligent, serious, educated,
friendly, not gossipy and not
quarrelsome.
First Homecoming
•Because of the uproar created by the
novel, Paciano advised Jose not to
return home yet.
•But Jose was determined to return
home because he wanted to treathis
mother’s eyes.
•July 3, 1887 – He then boarded
Djemnah again after several years.
•July 30, 1887 – He arrived in Saigon ,
Vietnam which he boarded his transfer
ship, Haiphong bound for Manila.
•August 2, 1887 – the steam ship lest
for Manila
•The calmness of the sea and the night
sky, the illumination of the moonlight
prepared Jose for his battle against the
Spanish.
•Aug 5, 1887 – Jose arrived in the
Manila.
•Upon arrival, he then treated young
Filipinos and introduced European
culture.
•But one thing that Jose was not able to
do, to meet Leonor Rivera.
Second Travel Abroad ( 1888 -1892)
•In September 1887, Jose suspended
his trip to Europe because her sister,
Olympia, died of internal bleeding due to
her giving birth.
•Even though his family was persecuted
because of the uproar of Noli me
Tangere, his family decided Rizal will
stay in the Philippines.
•December 29, 1887 – The Church
ordered a prohibition in the publication
and circulation of the Noli me Tangere.
•February 3, 1888 – After staying in the
Philippines, Jose left Manila for
Hongkong bringing 5000 pesos, earning
from his medical practice
Jose in Hongkong ( February 3, 1888
– February 22, 1888)
•With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de
Veranda and some Portuguese, they
boarded the ship Kui Kiang.
•Jose stayed in the house of Juan
Lecaroz, where he went to observed
botanical garden.
•After staying for almost two weeks,
Jose left Hongkong for Japan on board
of Oceanic.
•Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 –
April 13, 1888)
•Upon arrival, he stayed in Hotel
Grande and visited places like
Yokohama and Tokyo.
•Then he met Juan Perez Caballero, a
Spanish ambassador in Japan.
•Then he met, O Sei-san, Jose’s tour
guide, translator and lover.
•He also learned judo and kabuki
Rizal in United States of America
(April 13, 1888 - May 13, 1888)
•Leaving in April 13, 1888, Jose was
saddened knowing O Sei-san was left
behind
•He boarded the ship Belgic and arrived
in United States in April 28, 1888.
•He saw America was marred with racial
prejudice.
•He was quarantined in the ship
because of the rumored cholera
outbreak.
•They later realized that the reason of
quarantine was a political motive.
•The day he was released, he stayed in
Palace Hotel. (San Francisco)
•Then he travelled to Oakland via ferry
ship.
•The next day he went to Reno, the
biggest little city in the world.
•He wrote in his diary the beauty of
Nevada while travelling to
Albany.
•May 13, 1888 – He arrived in New York
where he called it as the “BigTown.
Rizal in England
•Jose arrived in England on May 1888.
•He chose England as his new home to
improve his English language, to study
Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las
Felipinas and knowing England was the
safest place against the Spanish.
•While aboard the ship City of Rome, he
entertained passengers using yo-yo as
a defensive weapon.
•Upon arriving in Liverpool, he stayed in
Adelphi Hotel.
•May 25, 1888, Jose traveled in London,
where he became a boarder of the
Becket where Gertrude Beckett fell in
love.
•Reinhold Frost, a librarian of Ministry of
Affairs, was impressed on Rizal’s work,
hailing him as the “Pearl of Man.”
•While he was in England, different
revolts started to rose in the different
parts of the country.
•He was even condemned by the
senators of Spanish Cortes, Salamanca,
Vida, Retana and Feced in Spanish
newspaper.
•His friends and his family were even
persecuted in the Philippines.
•But the good news was, different
significant people were defending the
Noli me Tangere like Vicente Garcia
A Short Visit in Paris and Spain
•He visited Paris in order to get some
references in Bibliotheque Nationale.
•He then traveled in Spain and there he
met the superpowers of propaganda,
Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce
Return in London
•Jose celebrated Christmas day alone in
London.
•Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gave
Jose a bust of Emperor Augustus and
Julius Caesar.
•His landlady gave Jose a book about
magic knowing he was fascinated with
magic.
•Jose was born to be leader, by
unanimous decision, he was chosen as
the honorary president of Asosacion La
Solidaridad.
•This was the recognition given to
Filipino patriots in Europe.
•La Solidaridad – a patriotic newspaper
founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena on
February 18, 1889 in Barcelona, Spain
which aims to:
•To work peacefully for political and
social reforms.
•To show the condition of Philippines so
Spain may remedy them.
•To oppose the evil forces in the
Philippines.
•To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
•To prioritize Filipino life and happiness.
•In the first article of Jose in the
newspaper, he discussed the
situation of the Filipino farmers.
Jose’s Return in Paris
•Upon arrival in Paris, Jose was
disappointed because landlords in Paris
were taking advantage of the rent
because of the festivities.
•He spend most of his time in
Bibliotheque Nationale and continuing
learning different languages.
•He also continued his fencing lessons
with Juan Luna.
•He wrote different writings during his
stay in Paris.
•The Philippine within a Century – He
discussed the glory of Filipino race and
how
the Spanish destroyed it.
•The Indolence of the Filipino - Jose
discussed the lack of enthusiasm of
Filipinos and reasons behind it.
Second Homecoming (1892)
•He was decided to return to Philippines
because was persecuted and tortured
by the Spanish government.
•Before returning, he went to Madrid
spending alone in the winter carrying all
his problems.
•He experienced downside moments in
Madrid thinking the injustices of his
family in Calamba.
•He then publicly challenged Wenceslao
Retana in a duel and his blood is the
payment
for his insolence.
•December 1890 – Rizal received a
letter from Leonor Rivera.
•For several years he spend his time in
Madrid, until the time of his
homecoming.
•June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrived in Manila
together with Lucia.
•From his arrival, guardia civil were
waiting for him.
•He then visited his sister and he was
shadowed by government spies.
•He then attended a meeting of Chinese
Mestizos in Tondo, Manila which aimed
in thecreation of La Liga Filipina.
Second Arrival in the Philippines
•June 26, 1892 – Jose Rizal arrived in
the Philippines together with his sister,
Lucia.
•Before leaving Europe, he declared to
the Filipinos in Europe:
•“The fight is in the Philippines, not in
Madrid. There we should meet, help
each other, cry and triumph for the sake
of our country.”
•His objectives in returning in the
Philippines were:
•Borneo Colonization Project
•Establish a Civic Organization
•Stop the persecution of his family and
his fellowmen
•In his arrival, he was met by guardia
civil and asked to stay in Hotel de
Oriente.
•In the afternoon, he asked to have a
discussion with Governor-general
Eulogio Despujol.
•July 6, 1892 – Despujol changed his
decision asking if he will return to
Hongkong.
•Upon inspection, Despujol found
brochures entitled “Pobres Frailes.”
•Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – These
were brochures authored by Father
Jacinto
discussing about the vast richness of
Dominican friars contrary to their
monastic vow of poverty.
•There were two suspicions about the
brochures.
•It was by accident packed by Lucia
from the home of Jose Maria Basa in
Hongkong.
•It was planted by the Spanish guards in
his bag.
•Because of this event, Despujol
decided to imprison Rizal in Fuerza de
Santiago before his exile to Dapitan.