LESSON 10 (PART 2)

Topics
I. Jose Rizal First Sojourn Going to Europe; (France and
Germany); (1882-1887);
II. Jose Rizal First Homecoming in the Philippines); (1887-
1888); (Lesson 7; Topic 2);
III. Jose Rizal Second Sojourn Going to Europe; (Brussels and
Madrid); (1888-1892);
IV. Jose Rizal Second Home-coming in the Philippines. (1892-
1896).
• Jose Rizal’s dissatisfaction in his studies at the University of Santo Tomas and
bad experience under a repressive Spanish regime in the Philippines.
• This made him decide to leave the country and proceed to Europe, where he
continued his course in the field of Ophthalmology.
• Jose Rizal’s Tio Antonio and brother in-law Manuel T. Hidalgo, gave the
information to Paciano, regarding the ship Salvadora that Rizal would
board.
• On May 1, 1882 Paciano gave Jose Rizal 356 pesos, afterwards the servant
called a carromata, a local transportation that would take Rizal to Biñan.
• Rizal narrated his parting ways with his parents:
I dressed and while I was waiting for breakfast,
the carromata arrived. My parents had already
Awakened but not yet my sisters.
I took a cup of coffee. My brother looked
At me with sorrow; my parents knew nothing.
Finally, I kissed their hands. I was on the verge of crying!
I went down hurriedly, bidding a mute goodbye to everything dear
to me.
xxxxxxxXXXxxxxxxxx………
• On May 2, 1882. Rizal’s friend, Mateo Evangelista helped Rizal to
acquire his passport going to Europe and introduced him to the
ship Captain named Donato Lecha who would look after him while
at sea.
• Pedro Paterno gave him a letter of recommendation to his friend in
Europe.
• In the afternoon, Jose Rizal went to Ateneo de Manila and visited
his Jesuit mentors who gave him strong letters of recommendation
to the Jesuit Fathers in Barcelona.
• May 3, 1882, Rizal Departed for Europe;
• At 5:00 a.m, Rizal heard mass at the Sto. Domingo Church. It was
his last Mass before leaving the country, this was the first time in
his life to go abroad. The same morning, the steam ship Salvadora
left the Philippines with the student Rizal who embarked on a
mission for his motherland in Europe.
• Jose Rizal letter to his parents was delivered to them while he was
at sea.
• The British Colony of Singapore was the first stop of Salvadora on
May 9, 1882.
• This was also the first Asian country that Rizal reached in his life.
He stayed there for two days where he visited a Botanical Garden,
historic places, and shopping areas.
• Later on May 11, 1882, the passenger of Salvadora including Rizal
transferred and boarded the large French steamer ship named
Djemnah.
• On May 17, 1882, the Djemnah arrived at Point Galle, an English Colony
which Rizal described “A tropical vegetation formed by elegant palm”.
• Jose Rizal visited the Oriental Hotel, Temple of Buddha, and for the first time,
he saw how Indians prayed.
• From point Galle, the ship headed north and on May 18, 1882 at 1:00 pm,
the Djemnah docked at Colombo the Capital of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
• Rizal described the place: “Colombo, is more beautiful, smart, and elegant
than Singapore”.
• On May 26, 1882, Jose Rizal saw for the first time, the African continent,
while entering the Cape of Guardafui; Rizal described the place “The
Cape Guardafui is an arid, dry rock, without a single leaf-its base of
varied colors is beautiful”.
• The next stop in Africa was in Aden; this was the first time Rizal stepped
in the African soil.
• Rizal notes, “Upon stepping on African soil for the first time”, I felt a
shuddering whose cause I ignore. The soil is hard and sandy, heated by
that very brilliant and ardent sun, emits burning steam”.
 RIZAL IN

• On June 11, 1882, Sunday morning half past six, the ship Djemnah arrived at Napoli
(now, Naples, Italy).
• The ship captain allowed the passengers to move around the place for one hour and a
half.
• With this opportunity, Rizal never wasted time to explore the first European territory in
his sight.
• He was amazed of what he saw that he noted in his diary:
An extensive territory totally covered with buildings.
Now the Castle of St. Telmo on the top,
now the prison on the water,
the tower of Massaniello, the Royal place.
Rizal in France
• After the brief stop at Napoli, the ship proceeded to the French Harbor of
Marseille and arrived in the place on June 12, 1882.
• In Rizal’s sight for the first time, the land of another powerful empire in
Europe, whose constant ally was Spain.
• Rizal disembarked and parted with the ship Djemnah and bade goodbye to
his friends whom he met, while sailing for Europe.
• He visited Chateau d’If where Dantes, the hero of “The Count of Monte
Cristo” was imprisoned.
• The novel was one of the favorite readings of Rizal while in Ateneo. He
stayed in Marseille, France for two and a half days. In the afternoon of June
15, 1882, Rizal left Marseille by train bound for Barcelona Spain.
Rizal in Barcelona Spain
• Rizal arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882, his first days in Barcelona were
unfavorable.
• His money amounted to only 12 Duros, and by the time he boarded the
Christian house, he had only seven Duros.
• He lived in a damp, dark and poorly ventilated room, which had only straw
chairs, dirty bed, broken washbasin and no mirror. This place in Barcelona
was situated in an old dirty street called San Severino.
• Jose Rizal met his fellow citizens named Cuesta and other Filipino friends.
With the strong letter of recommendation of Jesuits from Ateneo de
Manila, which Rizal presented to the Jesuit Fathers of Barcelona, they
decided to support Rizal financially by lending him money, that he paid
upon arrival of his allowance from the Philippines.
• This financial assistance allowed him to tour the city of Barcelona and
developed an appreciation for its architecture of Arabic and Greco-
Roman designs.
• The arrival of Jose Rizal’s allowance from the Philippines enabled him
to transfer to a better boarding house located at Calle de Sitjes where
he was relieved with better amenities than his first house.
• Jose Rizal was also treated well by his landlady SeÑorita Silvestre
who called him “Don Pepe” as a sign of respect to a young
talented Filipino student.
• When Jose Rizal had adjusted in Barcelona, he met his former
classmates in Ateneo, they shared experience about Spain.
• With such exchanges and actual experience of living in Barcelona,
Jose Rizal began to realize the different social and political
atmosphere of Spain compared to the Philippines.
• In Barcelona, there was freedom of the press, assembly and he could
travel to places without restrictions and suspicion, unlike in the
Philippines.
• With this newfound freedom. Rizal wrote the following articles for his
country.
Amor Patrio (Love of Country)
• Rizal explain in this essay, that the Philippines is the country for the
Filipinos not for Spain.
• Under the pen name, Laong Laan (Ever prepared), the essay was sent
to the Philippines and translated in Tagalog by Marcelo H. Del Pilar,
which was published in the Diaryong Tagalog a local newspaper in
Manila on August 30, 1882.
• Jose Rizal encouraged his compatriot in Spain and the Filipino people
to love the Philippines as the country of their own.
Las Viajes (On Travel)
• The essay explained the gains of a man who is well travelled to many
places in the world. This peace was published in Diaryong Tagalog in
1882.
• The following lines are excerpts from the essay:
Just as it is said that man is multiplied by the number of languages
he possesses and speaks, so also is his life prolonged and renewed as he
as he goes traveling in different countries. He lives more because
he sees, feel enjoys and studies more than one who has seen only the same
fields and the same sky to whom yesterday is the same as today
and tomorrow, that is his whole life, all his past, his present and perhaps
his future, can be reduced into the first down and the first sunset. xxxXXxx..
Rizal in Madrid, Spain
• Rizal found Barcelona a pleasant place and he intended to stay in the
city to continue his study in the field of Medicine.
• Jose Rizal followed the advice of his elder brother Paciano; he
enrolled at the Central University of Madrid in November 3, 1882,
both in Medicine (Opthalmology) and in Philosophy and Letters.
• When Jose Rizal felt at ease in Madrid, he also studied Painting and
Sculpture in the Academia of San Fernando.
• While studying, Jose Rizal engaged in physical fitness practicing
shooting and fencing at the Hall of Arms Sanz y Carbone, and in his
personal financial capacity, he took up lessons in French, German and
English languages.
• While in Madrid, Rizal’s political ideas were widened.
• Jose Rizal became a witness to Spain political turmoil of the Liberals
and the Conservatives; he witnessed greater paradox in terms of
politics and social life in the Philippines compared to its Spanish
Colonizers.
• With this paradox in mind, Jose Rizal became active Filipino and
Spanish organizations focused in improving the Philippines social and
political situation.
• Jose Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino- an association of Filipino Scholars,
students and Spaniards interested in Philippine concerns and issues.
Unfortunately, the organization failed to last, due to disunity among members.
• Rizal wrote about his membership in the circulo dated October 10, 1882.
• Rizal as a Mason; While in Madrid, Jose Rizal was exposed to the
idealism carried by Masonry through well known Spaniards such as
Miguel Morayta and Francisco Pi y Margal.
✓In March of 1883, Jose Rizal officially joined the Masonic lodge Acacia in
Madrid Spain, where he was further exposed to liberalism and views that
criticized the Catholic Church and friars in the Philippines.
Rizal’s Literary Works while in Madrid
• Dudas (Doubts)
• Using pen name Laong-Laan, Jose Rizal wrote this essay in Madrid,
Spain, on November 7, 1882.
• In this Philosophical work of Rizal, he discussed the epidemical
malady that is invading society that resulted in doubts about love and
spirits.
• The following lines are excerpts from the essay:
Well, now: If doubt has already invaded our mind and our heart;
If we cannot love because we no longer believe in pure and
disinterested love; xxxxxXXXxxx..
Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid)
• Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) Jose Rizal wrote this poem on
November 29, 1882. The piece was supposedly published in
Diyaryong Tagalog, but the paper closed shop.
• The following lines are excerpts of the literary work:
The trees are shedding their popous dresses and converted
Into dry skeletons, complete the sadness of foggy days.
A fine rain, an even finer wind horrible, freezing that comes from
Guadarrama, as if this wants to remind Madrid. Rizal continues,
here are stones and lines of the penultimate month of the year, the
simple notes of its funeral song intoned to the death of nature. xxXXxx..
Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses)
• Composed by Rizal at the request of the Filipinos who were members
of the Circulo hispano- filipino in Madrid in December 31, 1882.
• In this poem, Jose Rizal expressed his longing for the Philippines with
the following excerpts:
They ask me to play the lyre
Mute and broken long ago;
Sound a note I no longer do
No ‘ore my Muse doth me inspire
She lisps, raves, devoid of fire…. xxxXXxxx..
A La Señorita C. O. y R. (To Miss C.O. y R)
• Jose Rizal wrote this poem in August 22, 1883, which Jose Rizal
dedicated to Miss Consuelo Ortega y Rey whom he had intimate
relationship.
• The following line are excerpts from the peace:
The thick shadows I feel anew
Cover the soul with their dense tulle;
If not beautiful flower, at least a bud;
For it wants of Air and light. xxxXXxxx…
 El Filibusterismo en Filipinas
(Rebellion in the Philippines)
• This article was believed to have been written by Rizal in the year
1884, for a Madrid newspaper named El Progresso.
Pensamientos de un Filipino (Reflection of a Filipino)
• The essay was believed to be written by Rizal between 1883 to 1885
in Madrid Spain, Rizal spoke of being a liberal minded and anti-friar
Filipino that bears penalties such as exile.
Brindis (Toast)
• This was a notable speech delivered by Rizal on June 25, 1884 in the
banquet honoring the triumphs of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo in the field of painting in Spain.
• The following lines are excerpts from the speech:
Luna and Hidalgo belong as much to you as to us; you love
them and we see in them generous hopes, precious examples.
The Filipino youth in Europe whose hearts always remain young for the
disinterestedness and enthusiasm that characterize
their actions, offer to Luna as a crown, a modest gift but the most
spontaneous and the most voluntary
of all the gifts presented to him. xxxXXxxx…….
Scholastic Record of Rizal in Madrid
• Rizal’s scholastic records in the Degree of Licentiate in Medicine at the
Central University of Madrid in June 21, 1884, which was declared by
Jose Rizal to his family through a letter “At last I am a Physician”. “Two
or three friends have embraced me with effusion with sincere
brotherly joy”.
• Fifth year (1882-83) Medicine
✓Medical Clinic 1 ………………………………………………………. Good
✓Surgical Clinic 1 ……………………………………………………….. Good
✓Obstetrical Clinic ……………………………………………………… Fair
✓Legal Medicine ………………………………………………………… Excellent
• Sixth Year (1883-84) Medicine
✓ Medical Clinic 2 …………………………………………………. Good
✓ Surgical Clinic 2 ………………………………………………….. Very Good
✓ Licentiate in Medicine ……………………………………….. Fair

• Doctorate Course (1884- 1885) Medicine

✓ History of Medical Science …………………………………. Fair
✓ Surgical Analysis …………………………………………………. Good
✓ Normal History …………………………………………………... Excellent
✓ Doctor of Medicine …………………………………………..... Not awarded
Title of Medicine
• The title Doctor of Medicine was not awarded for the official reason
that Rizal failed to settle the needed money for the University Fee to
present his thesis for graduation.
• However, Jose Rizal was still a Doctor after graduation, except that the
law at that time, state that he was not allowed to practice his medical
profession in the city, Jose Rizal was only allowed to practice his
medical profession in the province.
• On June 19, 1885, the Universidad Central de Madrid awarded him
the degree of licentiate in Philosophy and Letters with a rating of
Excellent.
• (1882- 1883) Philosophy and Letters
✓Universal History …………………………………………. Very Good
✓General Literature ……………………………………….. Excellent
• (1883-1884) Philosophy and Letters
✓Universal History 2 ……………………………………….. Excellent
✓Greek and Latin Literature ……………………………. Excellent with prize
✓Greek 1 ………………………………………………………… Excellent with prize
• (1884- 1885) Philosophy and Letters
✓Spanish Literature …………………………………. Excellent with Scholarship
✓Greek 2 …………………………………………………. Excellent
✓History of Spain …………………………………….. Excellent
✓Hebrew …………………………………………………. Excellent
✓Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters……….. Good
Sources
• De Viana, Agusto (2019). Laon- Laan, A guide for study and
understanding of the life and contributions of Jose Rizal to Philippine
nationhood and society. Books Atbp. Publishing Corp.
• Zaide & Zaide (2011). Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius,
Writer, Scientist and National Hero. 2nd Ed. All nations Publishing Co.,
Inc. Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines .
• J.A Lopez & A.E Paras.,(2010). Rizal Life Works and Writings of the
Greatest Malayan 3rd Edition. HisGoPhil Publishing House, Inc.