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  • Reported Speech

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    Danya Mohammed
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    1) When reporting speech, tenses are shifted back one tense (e.g. present simple becomes past simple). 2) Time and place expressions are shifted (e.g. today becomes that day, here becomes there). 3) Demonstratives (this, these) and pronouns (I, me, my) change depending on who is speaking in the reported clause (e.g. I becomes she/he).

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    1) When reporting speech, tenses are shifted back one tense (e.g. present simple becomes past simple). 2) Time and place expressions are shifted (e.g. today becomes that day, here becomes there). 3) Demonstratives (this, these) and pronouns (I, me, my) change depending on who is speaking in the reported clause (e.g. I becomes she/he).

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    4 views3 pages

    Reported Speech

    Uploaded by

    Danya Mohammed
    1) When reporting speech, tenses are shifted back one tense (e.g. present simple becomes past simple). 2) Time and place expressions are shifted (e.g. today becomes that day, here becomes there). 3) Demonstratives (this, these) and pronouns (I, me, my) change depending on who is speaking in the reported clause (e.g. I becomes she/he).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Reported Speech

    Main changes:
    1)Tense Changes
    Direct Speech Reported Speech
    Present simple (V1) Past Simple (V2)
    Omer: “She Always He said she always wore a
    wears a coat” coat.
    Present Continuous Past continuous
    (is/am/are+ v-ing) (was/were+v-ing)
    Salma: “ I am looking She said she was looking for
    for my keys” her keys
    Present Perfect Past Perfect
    (has/have+V3) (had + V3)
    Ahmad: “She has written He said she had written three
    three letters” letters.
    Present Perfect Past Perfect Continuous
    Continuous (had+ been +v-ing)
    (has/have+been+v-ing) She said she had been
    Sara: “ I have been working hard.
    working hard”
    Past Simple (V2) Past Perfect
    John: “My friend gave (had + V3)
    me a car” He said his friend had given
    him a car.
    Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
    (was/were+v-ing) (had+ been +v-ing)
    Maria She said she had been
    : “I was teaching here” teaching there.
    Past Perfect Past Perfect
    (had + V3) (had + V3)
    Ali: “I had arrived early” He said he had arrived early.
    Modal verbs( in present) Model verb-in-the-past
    “I will work hard” She said she would work hard
    “We can do it” They said they could do it

    Time and Place Expressions


    Today That day
    Now Then
    Yesterday The day before
    Tomorrow The next day/ the
    following day
    Tonight That night
    Last week/ year The week/year before
    Next week/year The following week/year
    Days ago Days before
    Ago Previously/ before
    Here there

    2) Time/ place Expressions changes


    ****************************
    3)Demonstrative:
    This >>>> That
    These>>>>Those
    ****************************
    4)Pronouns:
    I >> She/ he
    Me>> her/ him
    My>> her/ his

    We>> they
    Us>> them
    Our>> their

    You(subject pronoun)>> she/he/they/I/ we


    You( object pronoun)>>her/him/them/me/us
    Your>> her/his/their/my/Our
    We don’t change these pronouns:
    She/her/ her
    He/ him/ his
    They/ them/their
    It/it/its

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