ASME B31.

1:

NOMENCLATURE:

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) is a widely recognized standard
for the design, construction, inspection, testing, and certification of boilers and
pressure vessels.
ASME B31.1 is an abbreviation for the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section B31.1.
Scope:
This code is officially titled "Power Piping" and is widely used in the design,
construction, and maintenance of piping systems in power plants and related
facilities. Fabrication and Installation: Covers the fabrication and installation
procedures for power piping systems, including welding, threading, brazing, and
other joining methods. It includes requirements for quality control, inspection,
and testing during the fabrication process.

Design Procedure: ASME B31.1 includes a step-by-step design procedure for power
piping systems, which typically includes the following stages:

1. Determine Design Conditions: Identify the operating parameters such as

pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and system requirements.
2. Select Piping Materials: Choose appropriate materials based on the
operating conditions, considering factors such as pressure, temperature,
and corrosion resistance.
3. Determine Pipe Size and Thickness: Size the piping system based on the
required flow rates and pressure drops. Determine the wall thickness based
on the design pressure and temperature, considering factors such as
pressure ratings and material properties.
4. Flexibility Analysis: Analyze the piping system to ensure it can
accommodate thermal expansion, contraction, and other dynamic loads
without overstressing the components or causing excessive displacement.
5. Support Design: Design appropriate pipe supports, hangers, and restraints
to ensure the stability and integrity of the piping system.
6. Complete Documentation: Prepare design documentation, including
calculations, drawings, and specifications, to ensure proper construction
and operation of the power piping system.
ASTM A193:

Nomenclature:

ASTM A193 is a specification developed by the American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) that covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for
high-temperature and high-pressure service.
Scope:
It provides standards for the mechanical properties, chemical composition, heat
treatment, and testing of these materials
ASTM A193 specifies different grades, such as B7, B8, B8M, etc., which represent
specific alloy compositions and mechanical properties of the bolting materials.
Bolting Components: Includes bolts, studs, and threaded rods used in various
applications, such as pressure vessels, pipelines, flanges, and fittings.
Heat Treatment: Provides guidelines for the heat treatment processes, such as
quenching and tempering, to achieve the desired mechanical properties of the
bolting materials.
Mechanical Properties: ASTM A193 sets minimum mechanical property
requirements for bolting materials, including tensile strength, yield strength,
elongation, and hardness. These properties ensure the strength, ductility, and
performance of the fasteners under high-pressure and high-temperature
conditions.
Testing Procedure:

Testing Procedure: ASTM A193 specifies testing procedures to assess the quality
and performance of the bolting materials. The testing procedures may include:

1. Tensile Testing: Measures the tensile strength, yield strength, and

elongation of the bolting materials using standardized test specimens.
2. Hardness Testing: Determines the hardness of the bolting materials,
typically using Rockwell or Brinell hardness testing methods.
3. Impact Testing: Assesses the material's resistance to impact loads, usually
performed using Charpy or Izod impact test specimens.
 4. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Involves techniques such as ultrasonic
testing, liquid penetrant testing, or magnetic particle testing to detect
internal or surface defects in the bolting materials.
5. Chemical Analysis: Determines the chemical composition of the bolting
materials, ensuring they meet the specified requirements for each grade.

ASME B16.5

Nomenclature:

ASME B16.5: "B" stands for "Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code." ASME Section
16.5 specifically focuses on pipe flanges and flanged fittings.

Scope:

This standard covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings used in pressure vessel
connections. It includes dimensions, tolerances, and ratings for flanges, as well as
guidelines for gaskets and bolting.

Dimensions: Specifies the dimensions of flanges, such as the flange face diameter,
bolt circle diameter, flange thickness, and bore size. It provides standard
dimensions for various flange types and sizes.

Pressure-Temperature Ratings: ASME B16.5 includes pressure-temperature

ratings for flanges, indicating the maximum allowable working pressure at
different temperatures. These ratings help in selecting the appropriate flange
class for the specific design conditions.

Procedure:

ASME B16.5 provides guidelines for the selection, installation, and testing of
flanges in a piping system. The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Identify Application Requirements: Determine the design conditions,

including pressure, temperature, fluid properties, and system
requirements.
2. Select Flange Type and Class: Choose the appropriate flange type and class
based on the application and the required pressure-temperature rating.
3. Determine Flange Dimensions: Size the flanges based on the pipe size,
nominal pressure, and applicable standards. Refer to the dimensions
specified in ASME B16.5 for the chosen flange type and class.
4. Material Selection: Select the appropriate material for the flanges based on
the application requirements, considering factors such as pressure,
temperature, and corrosion resistance.
5. Flange Facing and Finish: Determine the appropriate flange face type (RF,
FF, RTJ) based on the sealing requirements and mating flange type.
6. Flange Installation: Install the flanges in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and industry best practices. Ensure proper
alignment, bolting, and gasket installation for a leak-free joint.