CODES AND STANDARDS

DONE BY
NAMITHA SURESH
ROLL NO. : 40
• The integrity of a piping system depends on the considerations and principles used
in design, construction and maintenance of the system. 
• Components of Piping systems : pipes, flanges, supports, gaskets, bolts, valves,
strainers, flexibles and expansion joints.
• The components can be made in a variety of materials, in different types and sizes
and may be manufactured to common national standards or according to
manufacturers proprietary item.
• Some companies even publish their own internal piping standards based upon
national and industry sector standards.
• Codes and standards provide criteria through which pressure integrity can be
ensured and simplified design rules to ensure adherence to the criteria.
 A group of general rules or systematic procedures for design,
fabrication, installation and inspection.
These are adopted by legal jurisdiction and made into law.

CODES These are intended to set forth engineering requirements deemed

necessary for safe design and construction of piping
installations.
It provide specific design criteria such as permissible materials
of construction, allowable working stresses, and load sets that
must be considered in design.
Codes defines what one need to do.
 • Provide specific design criteria and rules for individual
components or classes of components such as valves,
flanges, and fittings.
• These are voluntarily accepted guidelines which
become mandatory only when incorporated into a
STANDARDS business contract.
• These are the documents, prepared by a professional
societies or committee, which are believed to be
efficient engineering practices and which contain
mandatory requirements.
• Standards define how to do it.
 Dimensional standards
Provide configuration control parameters
for components.
Purpose: to ensure that similar components
manufactured by different suppliers will be
physically interchangeable.
STANDARDS-
TYPES
Pressure-integrity standards
Provide uniform minimum-performance
criteria.
Components designed and manufactured to the
same standards will function in an equivalent
manner.
MAJOR ORGANIZATIONS FOR STANDARDS
 ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH CODES AND
STANDARDS
 Establish a commonality in engineering criteria, terms, principles, practices, materials, processes, etc.

 Help user establish a standard way of working.

 Ensure built in safety, reliability and continuity.

 Minimize mismatches and promote interchangeability.

 Economize the system, reduce inventory and ensure readily available backup from market.

 Help in accumulation of knowledge.

 Help in avoiding reinventing the wheel again.

 Standardization to the way of working.

 Make ease of communicating within the different engineering departments.

 The most widely used codes and standards for piping system design are published by the
ASME. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredits many of these codes
and standards.
ASME B31: Pressure Piping Codes
To ensure the safety of the pressure piping system design and construction through
ASME - published engineering rules.
American B31.1 Power Piping
Piping typically found in electric power generating stations, in industrial and institutional
Society of plants, geothermal heating systems and central and district heating and cooling plants.
Mechanical B31.3 Process Piping
Piping typically found in petroleum refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, per,
Engineers semiconductor and cryogenic plants and related processing plants and terminals.
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
Piping transporting products which are predominately quid between plants and terminals
and within terminals, pumping, regulating, and metering stations.
 B31.5 Refrigeration Piping
Piping for refrigerants and secondary coolants.
B31.8 Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping Systems

ASME - Piping transporting products which are predominately gas between

sources and terminals including compressor, regulating and metering
American stations, gas gathering pipelines.

Society of B31.9 Building Services Piping

Mechanical Piping typically found in industrial, institutional, commercial and

public buildings and in multi-unit residences which does not require
Engineers the range of sizes, pressures and temperatures covered in B311.1.
B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping Systems
Piping transporting aqueous slurries between plants and terminals
within terminals, pumping and regulating stations.
 ASME Dimensional Standards
Used to specify the geometric, material and strength of piping and
components
ASME -  B1.20.1, Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)
American  B16.20, Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges—Ring Joint, Spiral Wound, and
Jacketed
Society of  B16.21, Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
 B36.10M, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
Mechanical
Engineers ASME Pressure-Integrity Standards
 B16.1, Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
 B16.3, Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
 B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (NPS ¹⁄₂ Through NPS 24)
 B16.9, Factory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings
 • The API standards are focused on oil production, refinery and product
distribution services.
API • API RP 520: Recommended Practice for Sizing, Selection, and Installation
of Pressure-Relieving Devices in Refineries
American API 610: Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries
Petroleum API 650: Welded Tanks for Oil Storage
API 661: Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
Institute API 612: Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries-Steam
Turbines-Special-purpose Applications
 ASTM provides a collection of documents called material specifications for pipes and
piping components.
ASTM codes specify the basic chemical composition of the material and the
manufacturing process through which the material is shaped into the finished product.
These consist of 16 sections on definitions and classifications of materials of construction
and Test methods.

ASTM Most of the ASTM Standards are adapted by ASME and are specified in ASME Section
II.
The American
The Section II has four parts.
Society for Testing
Part A – Ferrous Materials
and Materials
Part B – Non-Ferrous Materials
Part C – Welding Materials
Part D – Properties of Materials

The ASTM standards are directed to dimensional standards, materials and strength
considerations.
 • Some of the common material standards are:

ASTM • A 36 Specification for Structural Steel

• A 53 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot –Dipped, Zinc
The American Coated Welded and Seamless
Society for • A 106 Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High
Temperature Service
Testing and
Materials
• 150 different material specified by ASTM for construction- Carbon
steel, Alloy steel, Non ferrous, Plastic etc.
AWS
American Welding Provide information on the welding fundamentals, weld design, welder’s training
Society
qualifications, testing and inspection of the welds and guidance on the application
and use of welds.

AWWA
American Water
Works Association These standards refer to the piping elements required for low pressure water
services. These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,

MSS-SP required for large diameter water pipelines are covered under this standard and
The manufacturers are referred rarely by piping engineers.
Standardization
Society of Valves
and Fitting Standard practices followed by manufacturers.
Industry –
Standard Practices These are published as advisory standards and are widely followed.
 OTHER CODES AND STANDARDS

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

RUSSIA
JAPANESE
DIN STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS N CODES STANDARDS AND
SPECIFICATIONS

BRITISH NATIONAL
ISO STANDARDS EXPANSION JOINT
STANDARDS FIRE
AND MANUFACTURERS
SPECIFICATIONS ASSOCIATION AND PROTECTION
SPECIFICATIONS ASSOCIATION
THANK YOU