Republic of the Philippines

DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE

Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

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MODULE # 3

DIFFERENT USES OF THE TAPE

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Overview

Good day my dear students and welcome to our lesson in “Different uses of the tape”.
This module deals on how measuring tape can be used in different aspect.

Objectives/Outcomes

 To learn and apply the different technique in using the tapes.

Lessons

1. Measurement of horizontal angles

2. Measurement of an area in square meters or in hectares
3. Prolonging lines by 3:4:5 method
4. Irregular boundary by perpendicular offsets
5. Passing through an obstacle

Learning Outcomes

1. Learn and practice in the field on the different techniques in measuring the horizontal
angles.
2. Apply the computation of the area using the data from the field activity.
3. Apply the 3:4:5 method in determining the right angle.
4. Practice the computation of the area in the irregular boundary by perpendicular offset.
5. Learn and apply the technique in measurement using tape passing through the obstacle.

Time Frame
Two weeks

Introduction
Tape is widely use in surveying for the convenient use. However there are several
techniques on how to use the tape measure to make the measurement more precise and accurate.

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Activity

1. Horizontal distance of the ground

2. Horizontal angles
3. Area with the tape
4. Prolonging perpendicular lines

Abstraction Clean PNG

Lesson No. 1

MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL ANGLES

What is a horizontal angle?

In topography, the angle made by two ground lines is measured horizontally, and
is called a horizontal angle. You may replace these ground lines by two lines of sight AB
and AC. These lines of sight are directed from your eyes, which form the summit A of
the angle BAC, towards permanent landmarks such as a rock, a tree, a termite mound, a
telephone pole or the corner of a building.

The lines of sight in angle BAC

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Expressing horizontal angles

Horizontal angles are usually expressed in degrees. A full circle is divided

into 360 degrees, abbreviated as 3600. Note from the figure these two particular values:
 A 900 angle, called a right angle, is made of two perpendicular lines. The
corners of a square are all right angles;
 A 1800 angle is made by prolonging a line. In fact, it is the same as a line.
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Horizontal angle BAC A circle has 360 degrees

Each degree is divided into smaller units:

 1 degree = 60 minutes (60');
 1 minute = 60 seconds (60")
These smaller units, however, can only be measured with high-precision
instruments.

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

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Some general rules about angles

 A rectangular or a square shape has four straight sides and four interior 90 0
angles. The sum of these four interior angles is equal to 3600.
 The sum of the four interior angles of any four-sided shape is also equal to 360 0
even if they are not right angles.

900 + 900 + 900 + 900 = 3600 4 sides = 3600

 It will be useful for you to remember the general rule that the sum of the interior
angles of any polygon (a shape with several sides) is equal to 1800 times the
number of sides, (N), minus 2, or:

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Sum angles = (N - 2) x 1800

Examples
a) A piece of land have five sides. The sum of its interior angles equals (5-2) x
1800 = 5400
(b) A piece of land have eight sides. The sum of its interior angles equals (8-2) x
1800 = 10800 Clean PNG

900 + 900 + 900 + 900 = 3600 4 sides = 3600

600 + 1100 + 1500 + 400 = 3600

4 sides = 3600

1200 + 800 + 1100 + 900 + 1400 = 5400

5 sides = 5400

 When you measure angles in a field, you can check on the accuracy of your
measurements by applying this basic rule. Remember that the sum of the interior
angles of any triangle equals (3-2) x 1800 = 1800

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Triangle with equal sides: 600 + 600 + 600 = 1800

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Any triangle: 650 + 750 + 400 = 1800

Right triangle: 900 + 600 + 300 = 1800

Lesson No. 2

MEASUREMENT OF AN AREA IN SQUARE METERS OR IN HECTARES

1. Triangle

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DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Heron's Formula for the area of any triangle:

Given the lengths a, b and c of the sides of a triangle, the area A of the triangle is:

where the value s is the semi-perimeter of the triangle. In other words,

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Compute the area;

S1= 9m
A1= 12m2

A1 S2= 9.75m
A2= 16.49m2

S3= 7.25m
A3= 9.63m2

A2 A = A1 + A2 +A
= 12m2 + 16.
=38.12 m2 or
A3
Area in hectar
1hectare= 10,00

2. Rectangle

Length = 1, 234 m

Width= 564 m

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Formula: A= Length x Width

A= 1,234 m x 564 m
= 695,976 m2 or 69.598 hectares

Lesson No. 3
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PROLONGING LINES BY 3:4:5 METHOD

This method is used to set out a right angle from a certain point on the baseline. To set
out right angles in the field the; measuring tape, two (2) ranging poles,
pegs, and three persons (surveyors) are required.
The first person holds together between thumbs and fingers the zero mark and the twelve
(12) meter mark of the tape. The second person holds the same way a three (3) meter mark of
the tape and finally the third surveyor holds the eight (8) meter mark of the tape.
When all sides of the tape are stretched a triangle with a length of 3m, 4m, and 5m is
formed and the angle near the third surveyor is a right angle. For instance;

Step 1: The baseline is defined by the poles A and B and a right angle has to be set
out from peg C is on the baseline. Peg C is on the baseline.

Step 2: Three surveyors hold the tape the way it has been explained above; the
first person holds the zero mark of the tape together with the 12m mark on the top of peg
C. The second person holds the 3m mark in line with pole A and peg C on the baseline.
The third surveyor holds the 8m mark and after stretching the tape, he/she places a peg at
point D.

The angle between the line connecting peg C and peg D and the baseline is the
right angle. Line CD can be extended by sighting ranging poles.

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

Lesson No. 4

IRREGULAR BOUNDARY BY PERPENDICULAR OFFSETS

The following offsets were taken from a chain line to an irregular boundary line at an
interval of 10 m: 0, 2.50, 3.50, 5.00, 4.60, 3.20, 0 m
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Compute the area between the chain line, the irregular boundary line and the end of
offsets by mid ordinate rule.

Mid-ordinate rule:

Required area= 10(1.25+3.00+4.25+3.90+1.60)

= 10*18.80=188 m2

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

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Lesson No. 5

PASSING THROUGH AN OBSTACLE

a. By parallel & perpendicular offsets

Set out equal perpendiculars AC and BD. Measure CD which is equal to AB.

b. By right triangle method

Erect perpendicular AC of such a length that CB clears the obstacle and measure AC
and CB.

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 Republic of the Philippines
DAVAO DEL SUR STATECOLLEGE
Brgy. Matti, Digos City, Davao del Su r, Philippines 8002

c. By similar triangle

Find by optical square or a cross-staff a point C such that ∠ACB is right angle Measure
AC and BC. Clean PNG

Closure

Congratulations you have finished the 3rd module of this course. Thanks and good luck
for the next module.

REFERENCE:
http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6707e/
x6707e03.htm#top.

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