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Science
Quarter 1,Wk 6-7 - Module 6
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Lesson 1:
How do plants manufacture
food?...................................................................1
What I Need to
Know………………………………………………………………...1
What’s In……………………………………………………………………………...2
What’s New…………………………………………………………………………..2
What Is
It……………………………………………………………………………...4
What’s More………………………………………………………………………….8
What I Have Learned……………………………………………..…………………9
What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………
10
Lesson 2:
How is stored energy in food converted into chemical
energy?...................11
What I Need to
Know……………………………………………………………….11
What’s In…………………………………………………………………………….12
What’s New…………………………………………………………………………12
What Is
It…………………………………………………………………………….13
What’s More………………………………………………………………………...15
What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………16
What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………
17
Lesson 3:
Differentiating photosynthesis and respiration……………………………………
18
What I Need to Know………………………………………………………………18
What’s In…………………………………………………………………………….19
What’s New…………………………………………………………………………19
What Is
It…………………………………………………………………………….19
What’s More………………………………………………………………………...20
What I Have Learned………………………………………………………………20
What I Can Do………………………………………………………………………
21
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………….21
Assessment: (Post-Test)…………………………………………………………………..…..…22
Additional Activities……………………………………………………………………………….24
Key to Answers…………………………………………………………………………………….25
References……………………………………………………………………………………….....29
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To the teachers:
This module was developed to assist the learners in order to meet the standard that
was set by the K to 12 Curriculum based on the most essential learning
competencies. This will help you in teaching the learners in an easier yet effective
learning instruction. As a facilitator, you are expected to give further instructions to
the learners on how to do the task/activities in this module for them to easily
understand the topic.
To the parents:
As parents, your support and guidance are needed by the learners to successfully
accomplished this module. We encourage you to monitor your children’s progress as
he/she answers the activities in every day lesson.
To the learners:
The learning resource is hoping to keep you engage in a guided and independent
learning activities. The activities are designed at your own pacing. Everything is
found in the module since this is designed based on accessibility and availability
ensuring that you can accomplish the three lessons. This module will help you to
continue learning even without the face to face learning.
i
iii
What I Know
iv
11. What is the final output of photosynthesis?
A. water C. glucose
B. oxygen D. sunlight
12. Why is that aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?
A. aerobic respiration produces less ATP.
B. aerobic respiration needs less oxygen.
C. aerobic respiration needs more oxygen.
D. aerobic respiration produces more ATP.
13. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place?
A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants
B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals
C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in
mitochondria
D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in
chloroplast
14. Which of the following is true about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. Photosynthesis is just a reverse equation of cellular respiration.
B. Autotrophs and heterotrophs do not need each other to be able to
survive.
C. Photosynthesis needs glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide,
water and energy.
D. Cellular respiration needs carbon dioxide, water and energy to produce
glucose and oxygen.
15. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______
A. ATP , carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen
B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP
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How do plants manufacture
Lesson food?
1
You already know in your previous years that autotrophs such as plants can their
own food through a process called photosynthesis. This is a biological process involving
conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose which is then used as food by the
plants. In addition, this requires certain materials for successful production of glucose.
In this lesson, you will learn how photosynthesis takes place and what are the
needed materials for it to take place.
1
What’s In
In the previous lesson you learn that species extinction relates to the failure of
populations of an organism to adapt in the changing environment. Our environment is
changing due to disturbances caused by human activities. Some organism is able to adapt
to these changes but some were not and it may lead to an ecological imbalance. It is
essential for us to learn what are the basic needs of this organisms to be able to survive.
Let’s start with what we call the producer, the plants.
What’s New
Photosynthesis usually takes place in the leaves, but before we look into the internal
structure of the leaves, let’s learn first the things that are needed for the plants to start the
process.
If you successfully list those things, label the parts of the plant below that will help in
acquiring them. Draw an arrow to trace where the raw materials are finally delivered. Use
the box below as guide.
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Illustrated by: Charlyn E. Lobido
For the next activity let’s now look into the main part of the plant where
photosynthesis takes place. And which part is that? Yes, you’re right, the leaves!
Activity 2. Internal parts of a leaf and chloroplast
Let’s find out: How do the internal of leaf and chloroplast looks like?
Let’s do it this way:
Label the parts of (a.) the internal structure of a leaf and (b) chloroplast using the given word
bank.
a. The internal structure of a leaf
spongy upper epidermis
palisade lower epidermis
stomata chloroplast cuticle
mesophyll
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b. Chloroplast
thylakoid outer membrane stroma
granum inner membrane
What Is It
Are you having fun with the activity? Let's look closely.
For the first task, I let you list the things that plants need in order to grow. What are
those? Of course! Plants need water, carbon dioxide (remember the exchange of gases
between plants and animals) and the energy from the sun. Study the figure below.
To be able to use these raw materials, we need energy. Where can we get this energy?
You’re right! Our main source of energy is the sun!
With these raw materials, plant then undergoes photosynthesis.
What is photosynthesis?
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen
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Stages of Photosynthesis
Illustrated by: Cheenie Mae A. Dacula
Figure 6. Two phases of photosynthesis
As the name implies, light-dependent reactions require the light coming from the sun,
which is then absorbed by the chlorophyll occurring in the thylakoid membrane converting
light energy into chemical energy. Also, water is used in this stage to facilitate the formation
of free electrons and oxygen. The energy gathered during the stage is stored in the form
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) and NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Phosphate Hydrogen) which will be needed in the next stage.
Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) occurs right away after the light-
dependent phase. It needs the products of the light phase to convert carbon dioxide (CO2)
into sugar. This stage takes place in the stroma.
7
What’s More
Complete the diagram below using the keywords provided inside the box.
Key Words
Stroma ATP
Light-independent reaction/ Calvin Cycle carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis NADPH
Granum light energy
Water glucose
What I Can Do
Activity 3. Experiencing Photosynthesis
Let’s find out: What are the basic requirements for the plants to grow?
Can plants manufacture their own food?
Let’s use these materials: mongo seeds, 2 plastic cups (labeled A and B ), soil
Note: It is better to soak the seeds overnight.
Let’s do it this way:
1. Fill up the cups about ¾ full of soil.
2. Plant two seeds in each cup.
3. Place the cups to different conditions. Cup A will be exposed to sunlight while cup
B
is to dark area.
4. Add a little water for mixture for each cup.
5. Observe it for a week. Write your observations in the table below.
exposed
Cup A to
sunlight
Questions:
1. What are the things you provide to successfully grow the seeds?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Is there any growth difference between the seeds in light and dark areas? If yes,
what is it?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________
What’s In
Plants and animals both needs energy. However, they acquire energy in different
ways given that plants were autotrophs and animals were heterotrophs. This implies there
are certain things that these two differ. You already learned how plants make their own food.
How they transform water and carbon dioxide into glucose with the help of the energy from
the sun. Do animals have chloroplast? Can they photosynthesize? Of course, not! If so, how
will they be able to get energy? Yes, that is through cellular respiration
What’s New
All organisms need energy to be able to move, grow and even repair. Since animals
are heterotrophic, they feed on plants and even other organisms; they cannot make their
food. The energy source of all organisms is called adenosine triphosphate also known as
ATP. The food that you eat will not be directly converted into ATP; instead, it will undergo a
process called cellular respiration.
Glucose, the simple organic molecule found in carbohydrates, is the main source
of energy for most organisms. It is the main product of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis
happens in chloroplasts while cellular respiration happens in mitochondria.
Figure 9. Mitochondrion
Cellular Respiration is classified into two types —aerobic respiration which occurs
in the presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration which occurs in the absence of
oxygen.
A. Aerobic Respiration
After you have done the short exercise, your body releases sweat (water), and you
breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
The summary equation for aerobic respiration is
How much ATP are produced in all three stages? If we try to sum it up, glycolysis
produces 2 ATP molecules and the Krebs Cycle produces 2 more. Electron transport chain
produces as much as 34 ATP molecules. Overall, there are 38 ATP molecules produced.
B. Anaerobic Respiration
Same with aerobic respiration it also begins with glycolysis where a molecule of glucose
is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. Then pyruvic acid is further divided into
acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide and acetaldehyde acts as an acceptor of hydrogen to
produce ethyl alcohol. Anaerobic respiration only produces 2 net ATP molecules
Glucose
C6H12O6
GLYCOLYSIS
+H +H
2 2
Ethanol Ethanol
Figure 11. Concept map on anaerobic respiration
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What’s More
Complete the concept map on ATP production. Choose your answer from the
box.
Key Words
Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle
Pyruvate Glycolysis
Glucose ADP
ATP
Acetyl CoA
ADP
ATP
CO2
ATP
O2 H2O
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What I Have Learned
Choose the best word from the word bank to complete each sentence.
Word Bank
10. Pyruvic acid oxidation converts pyruvic acid into ____________ with the
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What I Can Do
Complete the Venn diagram below to show the similarities and differences
between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
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Differentiating Photosynthesis
Lesson and Cellular Respiration
3
In the preceding lessons, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been
introduced and discussed. As we went through the lessons, we came to find similarities and
differences between the two processes.
In this lesson, you will be able to determine and discuss the differences between
the two processes.
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What’s In
You already know how plants manufacture food and how heterotrophs, mostly
animals, convert the food into energy. Plants use the sun's energy, water, and carbon
dioxide. It then undergoes a process to be able to make food. This food will then be used by
other organisms to be able to survive.
What’s New
b. cellular respiration
What is It
Let’s look into the given activity wherein we will observe the following
equations.
Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen
Cellular Respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy
dioxide
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Given the equation above, you can notice that photosynthesis is just a reverse
equation of cellular respiration. Photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide, water, and energy
which results in the production of glucose and oxygen. On the other hand, cellular respiration
needs glucose and oxygen which results in the production of carbon dioxide, water, and
energy. In other words, the products of one process are the reactants of the other. With
these we can conclude that autotrophs and heterotrophs need each other to be able to
survive.
What’s More
Complete the diagram below using the following keywords: mitochondrion, water, carbon
dioxide, oxygen, glucose and chloroplast.
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Answer the following questions. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Where do respiration and cellular respiration take place?
A. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in plants
B. Respiration and photosynthesis both occur in animals
C. Respiration occurs in chloroplast and photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria
D. Respiration occurs in mitochondria and photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast
2. In what way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
A. Respiration stores energy while photosynthesis releases energy
B. Cellular respiration stores ATP while photosynthesis releases ATP
C. Cellular respiration produces oxygen while photosynthesis uses oxygen
D. Cellular respiration uses oxygen while photosynthesis produces oxygen
3. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to each other?
A. The products of one process are the reactants of the other.
B. The products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same.
C. The reactants of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just the same.
D. The reactant and the product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are just
the same.
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4. Which of these molecules completes the process of cellular respiration?
glucose + oxygen ----> water + _________ + _______
A. ATP, carbon dioxide C. NADH, oxygen
B. ADP, oxygen D. oxygen, ADP
light energy
5. 6CO 2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen
What I Can Do
Cell structure
Required energy
Raw materials
End products
Summary
1. Autotrophs referred to organisms that can make their own food while
heterotrophs feed on other organisms to survive.
2. Photosynthesis is divided into two phases, the light-dependent phase and
light-independent phase also known as Calvin Cycle. Light-dependent occurs
in the granum and requires the presence of sunlight while light-independent
occurs in the stroma.
3. Plants use the energy from the sun to produce food with the use of water and
carbon dioxide.
4. Cellular respiration can be classified into two types, aerobic respiration and
anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration is oxygen-dependent while
anaerobic respiration is oxygen-independent.
5. Aerobic respiration involves the breakdown of glucose into 6 molecules of
carbon dioxide while anaerobic or fermentation involves the breakdown of
food into ethanol.
6. Photosynthesis is just a reverse reaction of cellular respiration.
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Assessment: (Post-Test)
23
Additional Activities
Word Puzzle
Find and encircle all the words that are hidden that are related to
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
C A R B O N D I O X I D E
F T G H S T O M A T A V B
C P J B D F T K A S A V W
M A F H W A Y X S S C M A
I S L B U L O X A U H E O
T R O V N M M H N N L G X
O B F E I V U Q L L O J Y
C K D B Z N O E I I R T G
H C A E W Y C P I G O R E
O S P A Q T J Y L H Q H N
N G T C G N B S C T O W T
D E H U S B C G L L A Q K
R I T M O Y X V A E E S F
I C H L O R O P L A S T L
A G L G L U C O S E M B U
Crossword Puzzle
Complete the crossword puzzle below.
Across
4. one of the outputs of photosynthesis
5. plant part that responsible for gas
exchange
6. food making process done by plants
and autotrophic organisms
7. light-dependent reaction takes place
8. also known as adenosine
triphosphate
9. oxygen-dependent respiration
Down
1. light-independent reaction takes place
2. site of photosynthesis in plants
3. one of the outputs of cellular
respiration
5. main source of energy of organisms
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Key to Answers
What I Know (Pre-test)
1. B 6. C 11. C
2. A 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. D 13. C
4. C 9. C 14. A
5. D 10. A 15. A
LESSON 1
What’s New
Activity 1 Getting to Know Photosynthesis
A. (in any order)
1. Water 2. carbon dioxide 3. sunlight (energy from the sun)
B.
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What’s More
What I Have Learned
1. Plants need water, carbon dioxide and energy.
2. The function of the stomata is to facilitate gas exchange.
3. The function of the chlorophyll is to absorb energy from the sun.
4. Photosynthesis is very important because it is the number one source of food.
5.
6CO2 + 6H2O light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen
What I Can Do
1. The things provided for the successful growth of the seeds are water, sunlight and
nutrients.
2. Yes, the growth is better in light area than dark area.
3. Sunlight is very important because it is the most needed requirement for the plant to
manufacture its own food.
LESSON 2
What’s More
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LESSON 3
What’s New
a.
light energy
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon dioxide water chlorophyll glucose oxygen
b.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Glucose Oxygen Carbon water energy
dioxide
c. The two equations are just a reverse reaction to each other. The input of the
photosynthesis is the product of cellular respiration and the product of photosynthesis
is the input of cellular respiration.
What’s More
Post Test
1. B 6. C 11. C
2. A 7. A 12. C
3. C 8. D 13. C
4. C 9. C 14. A
5. D 10. A 15. A
Additional Activities
Word Puzzle
Crossword Puzzle
Across Down
1. stroma 4. oxygen
2. chloroplast 5. stomata
3. carbon dioxide 6. photosynthesis
5. sun 7. Granum
8. ATP
9. aerobic
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References
Luiz Botter, Illustration of a chloroplast, July 08, 2015. Date accessed: 9;01 PM
Monday May 18, 2020
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/scheme-illustration-of-a-chloroplast-
gm538967637-57473140
Regina Bailey, Internal Structure of Leaves, November 04, 2019. Date accessed:
9:22 PM Monday May 18, 2020
https://www.thoughtco.com/plant-leaves-and-leaf-anatomy-373618
Campo, et al. Science Learners Module 8. Pasig City : FEP Printing Station, 2016.
Date accessed: 10:00 PM Tuesday May 19, 2020
Asuncion, et al. Science Learner's Material 7. Pasig City : FEP Printing Station,
2017. Date accessed: 10:24 PM Tuesday May 19, 2020
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