HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN

a. Cấu trúc

Động từ thường Động từ to be

I + am
I, you, we, they + V-inf
(+) You, we, they + are
He, she, it + V(s/es)
He, she, it + is

I am not
I, you, we, they + don’t + V-inf
(-) You, we, they + aren’t
He, she, it + doesn’t + V-inf
He, she, it + isn’t

Am + I…?
Do + I, you, we, they + V-inf?
(?) Are + you, we, they …?
Does + he, she, it + V-inf?
Is + he, she, it…?

b. Cách dùng

Diễn tả một thói quen hoặc một hành động có tính lặp đi lặp lại ở hiện tại.

VD: She often goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning, (Cô ấy thường đi
học vào 7giờ sáng.)

Dùng để diễn tả một chân lý hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.

VD: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West. (Mặt trời mọc đằng đông và lặn
đằng Tây.)

Dùng để chỉ một sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai theo thời gian biểu hoặc lịch
trình.
VD: The news programme starts at seven p.m. (Chương trình thời sự bắt đầu vào
lúc 7 giờ tối.)

c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Cụm từ với “every”: every day (mọi ngày), every year (mọi năm), every month
(mọi tháng), every afternoon (mọi buổi chiều), every morning (mọi buổi sáng),
every evening (mọi buổi tối)

Cụm từ chỉ tần suất: once a week (1 lần 1 tuần), twice a week (2 lần một tuần),
three times a week (3 lần một tuần), four times a week (4 lần một tuần), five times
a week (5 lần một tuần), once a month (một lần một tháng), once a year (một lần
một năm)…

Trạng từ chỉ tần suất: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, rarely…

d. Cách thêm “s/es” vào động từ thường

❖ Thông thường ta thêm “s” vào sau các động từ.

listen-->listens; play --> plays

❖ Những động từ tận cùng bằng: -s; -sh; -ch; -z; -x; -o ta thêm “es”.
miss --> misses; watch --> watches; mix --> mixes
wash --> washes; buzz --> buzzes; go --> goes

❖ Những động từ tận cùng là “y”:

+ Nếu trước “y” là một nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) – ta giữ nguyên “y” + “s”
play --> plays; buy --> buys; pay --> pays
+Nếu trước “y” là một phụ âm – ta đổi “y” thành “i” + “es”
fly --> flies; cry --> cries; fry --> fries

TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN

Thời tương lai đơn dùng để nói về những hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
(Không có dự định trước).

 I will help her take care of her children tomorrow morning. (Tôi sẽ giúp
cô ấy trông bọn trẻ vào sáng mai.)
 She will bring you a cup of tea soon. (Cô ấy sẽ mang cho bạn một tách trà
sớm thôi.)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết Tương lai đơn

Thì tương lai đơn thường dùng kèm với các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong tương lai
như:

 in + thời gian: trong … nữa (in 2 minutes: trong 2 phút nữa)

 tomorrow: ngày mai
 nextday: ngày hôm tới
 next week/ next month/ next year: tuần tới/ tháng tới/ năm tới

Từ ví dụ trên, ta có cấu trúc mẫu như sau

Khẳng định S + will + V-nguyên mẫu

Phủ định S + won’t + V-nguyên mẫu

Nghi Vấn Will + S + V-nguyên mẫu

 Quá khứ đơn

Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. (Trong
câu thường có các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

She worked for Thang Long Company last year. Now she is working for the BBC
Company. (Năm ngoái cô ấy làm việc cho công ty Thăng Long. Năm nay cô ấy
làm việc cho công ty BBC.)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Khi nhìn vào một câu tiếng Anh có những thông tin sau, bạn biết đó là câu thì Quá
khứ đơn.

– yesterday (hôm qua), at that moment (lúc đó), last night (tối hôm qua)
– last + week/ month/ year: tuần/ tháng/ năm vừa rồi
– Khoảng thời gian + ago (cách đây …): two days ago (cách đây 2 ngày), three
years ago (cách đây 3 năm)
– In + năm: in 2000 (năm 2000)

Cấu trúc thì Quá khứ đơn

Động từ thường Động từ to be

You, we, they + were

(+) S + Ved
I, he, she, it + was

(-) S + didn’t + V-inf You, we, they + weren’t

 I, he, she, it + wasn’t

Were + you, we, they?

(?) Did + S + V-inf?
Was + I, he, she, it?

Cách đổi động từ thường nguyên mẫu thành dạng quá khứ

Động từ ở thì quá khứ được chia làm 2 loại: có quy tắc và bất quy tắc.

❖ Đối với động từ có quy tắc, khi chuyển sang dạng quá khứ, ta thêm đuôi “ed”.
help --> helped, want --> wanted

❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng nguyên âm + y, ta thêm đuôi “ed” như bình thường.
play --> played, stay --> stayed

❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm + y  ta đổi y  ied.

cry --> cried; study --> studied

❖ Đối với động từ bất quy tắc: tra dạng quá khứ trong Bảng động từ bất quy tắc.

Hiện tại hoàn thành

– Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra nhưng không xác định chính xác thời gian.

Ví dụ: Tom has travelled around the world. (Tom đã đi du lịch vòng quanh thế
giới.)

– Diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra nhiều lần.

Ví dụ: George has seen this movie three times. (George đã xem bộ phim đó ba
lần.)
– Một hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài tới hiện tại.

Ví dụ: Tom has lived in that house for 20 years. He still lives there. (Tom đã sống
trong ngôi nhà đó 20 năm. Anh ấy vẫn đang sống ở đó.)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì Hiện tại hoàn thành

– already (rồi), yet (chưa), ever (đã từng), never (chưa từng), recently – lately (thời
gian gần đây), so far = until now = up to now (cho tới bây giờ)

– since + mốc thời gian: từ khi …: since 2000 (từ năm 2000), since I was a child
(từ lúc tôi còn bé)

– for + khoảng thời gian: trong …: for 2 years (trong 2 năm), for a month (trong 1
tháng)

Chúng ta có cấu trúc Hiện tại hoàn thành như sau

I, you, we, they + have + V3

Khẳng định
He, she, it + has + V3

I, you, we, they + haven’t + V3

Phủ định
He, she, it + hasn’t + V3

Have + I, you, we, they + V3

Nghi Vấn
Has + he, she, it + V3

Cách thành lập động từ cột ba

❖ Đối với động từ có quy tắc, ta thêm đuôi -eđ.

❖ Đối với động từ bất quy tắc, tra Bảng động từ bất quy tăc.
Bài 1: Bài tập về các thì
1. I (learn) English for seven years. I have learned
2. But last year I (not/ work) hard enough for English, that's why my marks (not/
be) really that good then. Did not work, were not
3. As I (pass/ want) my English exam successfully next year, I (study) harder this
term. Want to pass, will study/ am going to study
4. During my last summer holidays, my parents (send) me on a language course to
London. sent
5. It (be) great and I (think) I (learn) a lot. Was, think, have learned
6. Before I (go) to London, I (not/ enjoy) learning English.went/ had not enjoyed.
7. But while I (do) the language course, I (meet) lots of young people from all over
the world. Was doing, met
8. There I (notice) how important it (be) to speak foreign languages nowadays.
Notice, is
9. Now I (have) much more fun learning English than I (have) before the course.
Have, had
10. At the moment I (revise) English grammar.am revising
11. And I (begin/ already) to read the texts in my English textbooks again.have
already begun
12. I (think) I (do) one unit every week. Think, will do
13. My exam (be) on 15 May, so there (not/ be) any time to be lost. Is, is not
14. If I (pass) my exams successfully, I (start) an apprenticeship in September.
Pass, will start.
15. And after my apprenticeship, maybe I (go) back to London to work there for a
while.will go
16. As you (see/ can), I (become) a real London fan already. Can see,have become
Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1. When I last saw him, he _____ in London.
A. has lived B. is living C. was living D. has been living
2. We _______ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don't see B. haven't seen C. didn't see D. hadn't seen
3. The train ______ half an hour ago.
A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left
4. Jack ______ the door.
A. has just painted B. paint C. will have painted D. painting
5. My sister ________ for you since yesterday.
A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked
6. I ______ Texas State University now.
A. am attending B. attend
C. was attending D. attended
7. He has been selling motorbikes ________.
A. ten years ago B. since ten years
C. for ten years ago D. for ten years
8. Christopher Columbus _______ American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered
C. had discovered D. had been discovering
9. He fell down when he ______ towards the church.
A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run
10. We _______ there when our father died.
A. still lived B. lived still C. was still lived D. was still living
13. I _______ in the room right now.
A. am being B. was being
C. have been being D. am
14. I ______ to New York three times this year.
A. have been B. was C. were D. had been
15. I'll come and see you before I _______ for the States.
A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave
16. The little girl asked what _______ to her friend.
A. has happened B. happened
C. had happened D. would have been happened
17. John ______ a book when I saw him.
A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading
18. He said he _______ return later.
A. will B. would C. can D. would be
19. Jack ________ the door.
A. has just opened B. open
C. have opened D. opening
20. I have been waiting for you ______.
A. since early morning B. since 9 a. m
C. for two hours D. All are correct
25. I have never played badminton before. This is the first time I _____ to play.
A. try B. tried C. have tried D. am trying
26. Since _______, I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left
29. The man got out of the car, ________ round to the back and opened the book.
A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
30. Henry _______ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A. was going B. went C. has gone D. did go
31. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he ______ dinner.
A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. finishing
32. I will be glad if he _______ with us.
A. had gone B. did go C. went D. goes
33. Ask her to come and see me when she _______ her work.
A. finish B. has finished C. finished D. finishing
34. Turn off the gas. Don't you see that the kettle ________?
A. boil B. boils C. is boiling D. boiled
35. Tom and Mary ______ for Vietnam tomorrow.
A. leave B. are leaving C. leaving D. are left
36. He always ________ for a walk in the evening.
A. go B. is going C. goes D. going
37. Her brother ______ in Canada at present.
A. working B. works C. is working D. work
38. I ______ to the same barber since last year.
A. am going B. have been going C. go D. had gone
39. Her father ______ when she was a small girl.
A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died
40. Last week, my professor promised that he ________ today.
A. would come B. will come C. comes D. coming
Bài 3
1. She (go) -----goes------------- to school everyday.

2. There (to be) -----are------------- big problems in many parts of the world.

3. A lot of people (go) ----------go---------- to work by car.

4. Davis never (take) --------takes-------------- the bus to school.

5. He plays volleyball but he (not enjoy)--------does not enjoy --------------- it.

6. Most shops usually (open) -------------- open ----------- at 8.00 a.m and (close)
----------------close----- at 6.00 p.m.

7. School children (wear) -----------wear-------------- uniform on Monday.

8. I want ( buy)----------to buy--------- some stamps.

9. Ruth (live) --------lives--------- with his parents in an apartment.

10. He is writing a postcard and (watch)-------watching--------- TV at the same

time.
Bài4

1. I (see) ---------saw---------- a car accident on this corner yesterday

2. Mr. John (be) ----has been------------- principal of our school since last year.
3. My father (not watch) --------does not watch------------- TV every night.
4. I (meet) -----met--------------- Arthur three weeks ago.

5. Yesterday the police (report) ------------reported-------------- that they

(capture)--------captured------------- the thief.
6. Someone (steal) -----------stole------------- my handbag on the bus.
7. I (be) -----have been-------------------- in the hospital for ten days.
8. Don’t call me in the afternoon. I usually (be) ----------am----------------- away in
the afternoon.
9. People (speak) --------speak----------- English in almost Canada.
10. The dog (wag) -----------wags---------- his tail whenever he (see) ----
sees--------------------- me.
Bài 5

1. When I (be)..was..................a child, I (drink)........drank.............a lot of milk

2. My family often (go)........goes......out for a dinner at the weekend

3. She’d like (tell).......to tell.....................funny stories would like+ to V

4. She prefers (play) .ing............................piano

5. Nga prefers (listen) ...ing....................rock music to (listen)......ing............pop

music

6. I prefer (take).............taking.........part in sport

to(watch)...............watching...them

7. The students prefer (gather)...gathering.................in the streets.

8. When Mai (be)......was...............young ,She (like)........liked........

(go)...going...............to the zoo to see animals

9. At the moment we (sit) are sitting in a cafe. We (wait) are waiting for the
museum to open
10. Thanks for (invite) inviting me to the birthday party. Thanks for+ Ving

Bài 6

1. My sister (buy) a new book yesterday morning. bought

2. Where they (spend) their summer vacation next year ? will they spend

3. What you (think) Tom (do) ?- he (tell) the truth to his parents. What doo you
think tom will do…….will tell

4. You(wait) a minute while I (look) through the test ? will you wait… am looking

5. After the party tonight I (speak) to you about your future job. Will speak

6. Don’t make too much noise. I ( do) this math question. Am doing

7. Now I (understand) what you are trying ( say). Understand

8. I’m afraid I not (be) quite ready. – Never mind. I (wait) am not, will wait

9. At the moment we (sit) in a café, we wait) for the museum to open, so I (write)
some postcards. Are sitting, are waiting, will write

10. Miss Hellen (help) as soon as she (finish) that letter. Will help, finishes

Mệnh đề tương lai + as soon as+ mệnh đề hiện tại đơn

Bài 7
1. I think he (leave) ----------will leave---------- as soon as he (know)----
knows---------------- the news

2. He (come) ------will come------------- and (see) --------see------------- you soon.

3. My mother (come) ---------will come-------------- to stay with us next weekend.
4. Where you (spend) ------will you spend------------- your holidays next summer?
5. Violets (bloom)-------bloom---------- in spring.
6. They (prepare)-----are ving--------------- the Christmas dinner at the moment.
7. When he lived in Manchester, he (work) ------worked---------- in a bank.
8. Birds (build) ------build------------ their nests in summer and (fly)-------
fly------------- to the South in winter.
9. I (lose) -------have lost------------my key. (can) -----could----------------you help
me look for it?
10. My brother (join) ---------joined-------------the army when he (be) ----
was----------------young.
HOMEWORK

Exercise 1:

1, Miss Lee often (write) wrote when she (be) was young. QKĐ
2, He (leave) left home two weeks ago.
3, Did You (speak) speak to Mrs. Bakers yesterday?
4, Columbus (discover) discovered America more than 400 years ago.
5, I (not can) couldn't remember when I last (see) saw her.
6, When did Nguyen Du (die) die? I (not know) don't know when he (die) died
7. Hurry up! The train (come) is coming.
8, Be quite! The teacher (be) is angry.
9, Some animals (not eat) don't eat during winter.
10. Listen! The bird (sing)is singing.

Exercise 2:

1. I (finish) the book before my next birthday. Will finish

2. The house (build) two years ago. Was built
3. Someone (cut) down all the trees in the garden. cuts
4. Tom Baker (not come) here tomorrow. Will not come
5. He often (say) O.K. when he (talk) with the quests. Says/ talks
6. What you (do) after you (go) home yesterday?did you do/had gone
7. Yesterday thieves (break) into the house and (steal) a lot of fur coats . broke/
stole

8. The audience (listen) to everything he said last night. listened

9. I’m preparing to support anything he (say) tomorrow. Will say
10. Sometimes I (get) up before the sun (rise). Get/rises
VI- Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi:
1- Lan is taller than Hoa.
-> Hoa is …………….………………………….…………
2- I am bigger than my sister. –
> My sister is …….………………………..….………….
3- Jane cooks better than me.
-> I cook………………………………………………..
4- My mom is younger than my dad.
-> My dad is………………………………………….
5- Nam is thinner than Minh. -> Minh is ……………………………………………
6- My father is heavier than me.
-> I am ……………………………………………...
7- That tree is higher than this tree.
-> This tree is …………………………………….
VII. Viết lại các câu sau sao cho nghĩa không đổi

1. Her old house is bigger than her new one.

⇒ Her new house........

2. No one in my class is taller than Peter.

⇒ Peter........

3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.

⇒ The white dress........

4. According to me, English is easier than Maths.

⇒ According to me, Maths........

5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary.

⇒ Mary........

6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile.

⇒ The Nile........

7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

⇒ No mountain........
8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl.

⇒ She is........

9. This computer works better than that one.

⇒ That computer........
Hiển thị đáp án
1. Her new house isn't so/ as big as her old one.

2. Peter is the tallest in my class.

3. The white dress isn't so/ as expensive as the black one.

4. According to me, Maths isn't so/ as easy as English.

5. Mary is the most intelligent in my group.

6. The Nile is the longest river in the world.

7. No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest.

8. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met.

9. The more he works, the more tired he feels.

10. That computer doesn't work so/ as well as that one.