Quá khứ đơn

Dùng để diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. (Trong
câu thường có các trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)

She worked for Thang Long Company last year. Now she is working for the BBC
Company. (Năm ngoái cô ấy làm việc cho công ty Thăng Long. Năm nay cô ấy
làm việc cho công ty BBC.)

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Khi nhìn vào một câu tiếng Anh có những thông tin sau, bạn biết đó là câu thì Quá
khứ đơn.

– yesterday (hôm qua), at that moment (lúc đó), last night (tối hôm qua)
– last + week/ month/ year: tuần/ tháng/ năm vừa rồi
– Khoảng thời gian + ago (cách đây …): two days ago (cách đây 2 ngày), three
years ago (cách đây 3 năm)
– In + năm: in 2000 (năm 2000)

Cấu trúc thì Quá khứ đơn

Động từ thường Động từ to be

You, we, they + were

(+) S + Ved/V2
I, he, she, it + was

You, we, they + weren’t

(-) S + didn’t + V-inf
I, he, she, it + wasn’t

(?) Did + S + V-inf? Were + you, we, they?

 Was + I, he, she, it?

Cách đổi động từ thường nguyên mẫu thành dạng quá khứ

Động từ ở thì quá khứ được chia làm 2 loại: có quy tắc và bất quy tắc.

❖ Đối với động từ có quy tắc, khi chuyển sang dạng quá khứ, ta thêm đuôi “ed”.
help --> helped, want --> wanted

❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng nguyên âm + y, ta thêm đuôi “ed” như bình thường.
play --> played, stay --> stayed

❖ Nếu động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm + y  ta đổi y  ied.

cry --> cried; study --> studied

❖ Đối với động từ bất quy tắc: tra dạng quá khứ trong Bảng động từ bất quy tắc.
 QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

I. CẤU TRÚC THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN

1. Câu khẳng định

Cấu trúc S + was/were + V-ing.

Lưu ý I/ He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít – was

S= We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều
– were

Ví dụ - We were just talking about it before

you arrived. (Chúng tớ đang nói về
chuyện đó ngay trước khi cậu đến.)

2. Câu phủ định

Cấu trúc S + was/were + not + V-ing

Lưu ý Was not = wasn’t

Were not = weren’t

Ví dụ - He wasn’t working when his boss

came yesterday hành động xen
vào. (Hôm qua anh ta đang không làm
việc khi sếp của anh ta đến)

3. Câu nghi vấn

Cấu trúc Q: Was / Were + S + V-ing?

A: Yes, S + was/were.
No, S + wasn’t/weren’t.
 Ví dụ - Q: Was your mother going to the
market at 7 A.M yesterday? (Lúc 7 giờ
sáng hôm qua mẹ em đang đi chợ có
phải không?)
A: Yes, she was/ No, she wasn’t

II. DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT

Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ
kèm theo thời điểm xác định.
- at + giờ + thời gian trong quá
khứ (at 12 o’clock last night,…)
- at this time + thời gian trong quá
khứ. (at this time two weeks ago,
…)
- in + năm (in 2000, in 2005)
- in the past (trong quá khứ)

Trong câu có “when” khi diễn tả một
hành động đang xảy ra và một hành động
khác xen vào.
- When I was singing in the
bathroom, my mother came in. (Tôi
đang hát trong nhà tắm thì mẹ tôi
đi vào)
- The light went out when we were
watching TV (Điện mất khi chúng
tôi đang xem ti vi)

Cân nhắc sử dụng thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn
khi có xuất hiện các từ như: While (trong
khi); When (Khi); at that time (vào thời
điểm đó); …
- She was dancing while I was
singing (Cô ấy đang múa trong khi
tôi đang hát)
- The man was sending his letter in
the post office at that time. (Lúc đó
người đàn ông đang gửi thư ở bưu
điện)
III. CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CỦA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
Cách Sử Dụng
- Diễn đạt hành động đang
xảy ra tại một thời điểm trong
quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Diễn đạt hai hành động xảy
ra đồng thời trong quá khứ
- Diễn đạt hành động đang
xảy ra thì có hành động khác
xen vào
- Hành động lặp đi lặp lại
trong quá khứ và làm phiền
đến người khác
Ví Dụ
 When my sister got there, he was waiting for her.
( Khi chị tôi tới, anh ta đã đợi ở đây rồi.)
 While I was taking a bath, she was using the
computer.( Trong khi tôi đang tắm thì cô ấy dùng máy
tính.)
 While I was driving home, Peter was
trying desperately to contact me. (Peter đã cố gắng liên
lạc với tôi trong lúc tôi đang lái xe về nhà.)
 I was listening to the news when she phoned.( Tôi đang
nghe tin tức thì cô ấy gọi tới. )
 They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to
them. (Khi tôi nói chuyện với họ thì họ vẫn đang chờ máy
bay.)
 When he worked here, he was always making noise
(Khi anh ta còn làm việc ở đây, anh ta thường xuyên làm
ồn)
 My mom was always complaning about my room
when she got there. (Mẹ tôi luôn than phiền về phòng tôi
khi bà ấy ở đó)
 IV. BÀI TẬP VỀ THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
Bài tập 1: Biến đổi các câu sau sang phủ định, nghi vấn và trả lời các câu hỏi
nghi vấn đó
1. He was planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday.
- .......he was not planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday.
.....................................................................
Was he planting trees in the garden at 4 pm yesterday?
2. They were working when she came yesterday.
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
3. She was painting a picture while her mother was making a cake.
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
4. Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter saw her yesterday.
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
5. He was typing a letter when his boss went into the room.
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
- ............................................................................
Bài tập 2: Chia động từ ở dạng đúng để hoàn thành câu
1. I (walk)_was walking__________down the street when it began to rain.
2. At this time last year, I (attend)__was attending________an English course.
3. Jim (stand) _was standing_______ under the tree when he heard an explosion.
4. The boy fell and hurt himself while he (ride)__was riding_______ a bicycle.
5. When we met them last year, they (live)__were living____ in Santiago.
6. The tourist lost his camera while he (walk) _was walking ____ around the city.
7. The lorry (go) _was going____ very fast when it hit our car.
8. While I (study)_was studying____in my room, my roommate (have)__was
having______ a party in the other room.
9. Mary and I (dance)__were dancing_______ the house when the telephone rang.
10.We (sit)____were sitting____ in the café when they saw us.

Bài 3. Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn
1. I ____called____________ (call) Mr Wilson at 9 last night, but he (not
be)________was not_________at home. He (study) __was
studying_____________ at the library
2. I ______did not hear___________ (not hear) the thunder TIẾNG SẤM during
the storm last night because I ____was sleeping____________ (sleep)
3. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun__was
shining____________(shine). The birds___were singing__________(sing)
4. My brother and sister _____were talking___________ (talk) about something
when I ________walked ________ (walk) into the room.
5. Tom went to his friends ‘house, but the boys ____were not_______________
(not be) there. They (play)_______were playing____soccer in the vacant lot down
the street.
6. The little boy ______fell_________ (fall) asleep while his
mother____________was reading_______ (read) him a story.
7. I really enjoyed my holiday last January. While it______was
snowing_________(snow) in Iowa, the sun _______was shining_______ (shine) in
Florida.
8. While Ted ______was shoveling_________ (shovel) snow from his driveway
yesterday, his wife _______brought__________ (bring) him a cup of hot
chocolate.
Bài 4. Tìm các lỗi sai trong các câu sau:
1. I was playING football when she called me.
2. Was you studyING Math at 5 p.m. yesterday?
3. What was she doING while her mother was making lunch?
4. Where did you wentGO last Sunday?
5. They weren't sleepINGduring the meeting last Monday.
6. He got up early and haveHAD breakfast with his family yesterday morning.
7. She didn't broke BREAK the flower vase. Tom did.
8. Last week my friend and I goWENT to the beach on the bus.
9. While I am WAS listening to music, I heard the doorbell.
10. Peter turnTURNED on the TV, but nothing happened.
Bài 5: Chia đúng các động từ sau ở thì quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn
In my last holiday, I went to Hawaii. When I (go) 1......went ......to the beach for
the first time, something wonderful happened. I (swim) 2....was swimming........in
the sea while my mother was sleeping in the sun. My brother was building a castle
and my father (drink) 3 was drinking some water. Suddenly I (see) 4...saw.........a
boy on the beach. His eyes were blue like the water in the sea and his hair (be)
5...was.........beautiful black. He was very tall and thin and his face was brown. My
heart (beat) 6....beat........fast. I (ask) 7......asked......him for his name with a shy
voice. He (tell) 8.....told.......me that his name was John. He (stay)
9.stayed...........with me the whole afternoon. In the evening, we met again. We ate
pizza in a restaurant. The following days we (have) 10.........had...a lot of fun
together. At the end of my holidays when I left Hawaii I said good-bye to John.
We had tears in our eyes. He wrote to me a letter very soon and I answered him.

Bài 6. Chia động từ ở trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để hoàn thành câu.
1. I lost my keys when I ____was walking____ (walk) home.
2. It was raining while we ____were having____ (have) dinner.
3. I saw the department stores when I ___was sitting_____ (sit) on the bus.
4. Her phone rang while she __was talking______ (talk) to her new boss.
5. My friends ___was driving_____ (drive) to work when they heard the news on
the radio.
6. He ___was riding_____ (ride) his bicycle when the cat ran across the road.
7. We couldn’t go to the beach yesterday because it __was raining______. (rain)
8. It was a lovely day. The sun was shining and the birds __were singing______
(sing) in the trees.
9. The tourist lost his camera while he __was walking___ (walk) around the city.
10. The lorry xe tải ___was going__ (go) very fast when it hit our car.
11. I ___was walking____ (walk) down the street when it began to rain.
12. At this time last year, I ___was attending____ (attend) an English course.
13. Jim _____was standing___ (stand) under the tree when he heard an explosion.
Tiếng nổ
14. While I _was stuying____ (study) in my room, my roommates __was
having______ (have) a party in the other room.
15. Mary and I ___was dancing______ (dance)in the house when the telephone
rang.
Bài 7. Complete the sentences using these pairs of verbs. Use the past simple
in one gap and the past continuous in the other.
come - show get - go hope - give live - spend
look - see play - break start - check in
1. Just as I was…coming the bath all the lights were showing .
2. I was hoping ..to go away this weekend, but my boss……gave…..me some
work that I have to finish by Monday.
3. When I………lived…………..in Paris, I………was spending………three hours
a day travelling to and from work.
4. A friendly American couple……started…..chatting to him as he………was
checking in………… the hotel reception.
5. I bumped into tình cờ gặp Lena last week. She……was looking………….a lot
better than when I last………saw…………..her.
6.My boss………came…………………..into the office just as I……………was
showing……………everyone my holiday photos.
7.I……was playing……….badminton four times a week before I………
broke……………..my ankle.