CONSTRUCTION SITE OF SS MARBLES WAREHOUSE and

Kovai Pazhamudhir Nilayam

(On 21st January 2023)

Kovai Pazhamudhir Nilayam PEB Steel Structure

By the great effort of our Proffesor Mr A Jesudass Ambrose, we got an

opportunity to visit the Construction site of SS Marbles Warehouse, Kovai
Pazhamudhir Nilayam near Airport, Coimbatore, an Outside Class Learning
Experience on Jan 21st 2023.

My sincere thanks to our professor.

20EUCV038
SARAN K
First of all, a pre-engineered building (PEB) is designed by a PEB supplier or PEB
manufacturer with a single design to be fabricated using various materials and
methods to satisfy a wide range of structural and aesthetic design requirements.
Within some geographic industry sectors pre-engineered buildings are also
called pre-engineered metal buildings (PEMB) or, as is becoming increasingly
common due to the reduced amount of pre-engineering involved in custom
computer-aided designs, simply engineered metal buildings (EMB).

PEB (often used for factories, warehouses, hangars, etc.) allows for flexibility in
design, so we can optimize the building’s utilities for aesthetics and end-user
experience.

In this site, the steel structure is almost completed and neatly covered and offers
more light, space and there is the option for modification. The furniture works
for doors and partition and the MEP works is going on.
 Girders and Purlins

In the top of the steel structure, Girders and Purlins are used in order to holds
the roof area in a fixed position.

In Girders, Hot rolled I - sectioned Plate girders are used here, because plate
fabricated girders offers more flexibilities like the length, breadth, height, etc…

Hot rolled steel is a good choice when tight tolerances are not of utmost
importance. There are many fields where that is the case. Its great advantage in
price matters more than precision.

In Purlins, Cold form C – lipped channels are used here. Cold-formed steel
structures are steel structural products that are made by bending flat sheets of
steel at ambient temperature into shapes which will support more than the
flat sheets themselves.

Steel lipped channels structural members with the optimum cross-sectional

dimensions have higher load-carrying capacities at the same material
consumption (stripe width) comparing with the ones proposed by the
manufacturer when the material consumption.

Lippings are also used for ease of holding the electrical wires too.

C - lipped sections
All these pipes and connections hangings here are for the electrical works, later
it will be covered with false ceilings.
 Size varying of the I – section in the roof area

These curves or varying size of the I – section is for handling the varying moment
at those places.
Here, at the supports we can see there is an increase of the I – section, while in
the middle the section is literally small compared to the supports.

Stiffeners

Stiffeners are provided in these I – sections, because here the web of the I –
section is lengthy, so it may have a chance to bend. In order to avoid that, these
stiffeners are provided.

This can be classified to both horizontal and vertical stiffeners.

Horizontal and Vertical Stiffeners

Plate Fabricated Sections

Plate Fabrication is a process of cutting, forming, welding, assembling and
finishing of steel plates of varied thicknesses for manufacturing the sections and
shapes that cannot be produced by other processes of hot rolling, casting,
forging or forming, etc…

Beam to Column Flange (Bolt Connection)

Two or more plates are Connected (welded)

 Gypsum Plastered Walls

Plasterboards, also known as drywall, are a type of panelling made of gypsum

plasters divided into multiple uniform thickness of papers or fibrous concrete.
Gypsum partitions are commonly used to build internal walls.
In addition to being extremely durable, fibre - cement panel sidewalls are also
environmentally sustainable and adaptable.

False Ceiling
This same material is also used as a covering for false ceiling

Sag Rods
Sag rods, it is a rod for preventing the sagging of an open-web steel joist that is
used as a purlin with its depth at right angles to a roof slope.
Its acts mostly a tensile member.

Sag Rods Connections

Footing
Gusset Plates are used in between every bolt connection. Steel gusset plates
generally support, or reinforce the connection of two major structural steel
parts, such as when bolting and/or welding bridge beams or trusses to adjoining
load bearing, bridge column supports.

Base on the soil investigation, The foundations like Pile foundation, Raft
Foundation, etc… are decided.
Then RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) or PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) are
casted based on the need, along with anchor bolts inverted in positions, so that
it can be bolted with the compression member.
 Polyurethane Puffed Panel

Polyurethane based puffed or sandwich panel is made up of two metal sheets

and a rigid core in between.
This rigid core has polyurethane material known for its thermal insulation and
sound insulation properties.
Due to its excellent insulated material and tolerance to air pressures & humidity,
Polyurethane foam Sandwich Panels are most preferred in food industry, fish
industry, dairy industry and cold storages.
SS Marbles Warehouse

Bracings
Braced frame is a structural system that is prevented from undergoing excessive
sidesway under the effect of lateral loads by the provision of diagonal steel
members (for steel structures) or shear walls/cores (for reinforced concrete
structures).
Therefore, braced frames are effective structural solutions for resisting lateral
loads due to wind or earthquake in civil engineering buildings and structures. In
effect, they provide the lateral stability needed in structures.
These bracings are provided in alternatives bays.

Intermittent Welding

Intermittent welding is used when either a continuous weld is not necessary,

or when a continuous weld threatens the joint by warping. In some case
intermittent welds are staggered on both sides of the joint.
 Girts (Cold form Steel)

A girt, also known as a sheeting rail, is a horizontal structural member in a

framed wall.
Girts provides lateral support to the wall panel, primarily, to resist wind loads.
Girts are stabilized by (sag) rods/angles/straps and by the wall cladding.
Stabilizing rods are discrete brace members to prevent rotation of an
unsupported flange of the girt.
Sheet metal wall panels are usually considered to provide lateral bracing to the
connected, typically exterior flange along the length of the girt.
 Vertical Sag Rods

These vertical sag rods are holding the girts in a stable position
In general, Girt supports panel, panel stabilizes girt; Column supports girt, girt
stabilizes column.
The building designer should be knowledgeable in the complexities of this
interactive design condition to ensure competent design of the complete
structure.
 Brackets

Brackets are projections that carry loads. The connection of a bracket to a

support has to transmit both shear and moment.
Fasteners or welds may be used for the purpose. Connections may be made with
fasteners or welds subjected only to shear or to combined shear and tension.
It also holds the secondary beam that runs there.
The connection made at the brackets are both bolted and welded.
Bracket Connection

Sag Rods in roof

Sag rods, it is a rod for preventing the sagging of an open-web steel joist that is
used as a purlin with its depth at right angles to a roof slope.
It mostly acts as a tensile member.

Bracings

Bracings are provided in alternative bays both in (side bays) compression

member and roof.

Sag rod
 Two I – Sections Connected

Here, a flange of an I – section is connected to the web of an another I – section

by means of bolting and welding.
This may be used as Monorail purposes for lifting weights from one place to
another.

Bolt
 Footings

Base on the soil investigation, the foundations like Pile foundation, Raft
Foundation, etc… are decided.
Then RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) or PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) are
casted based on the need, along with anchor bolts inverted in positions, so that
it can be bolted with the compression member.
Mostly, Rectangular or Square shaped are prefered for more Symmetry and
more spacing.
Things we learnt here,
1. Structural Skelton system of Steel Structure
2. Hot Rolled Steel and Cold Formed steel - Difference & Application
3. Role of Web stiffeners in Parallel Flange sections of Compression Members
and Beams
4. Importance of Connection Design and detailing
5. Secondary Compression member to support beam
6. Importance of Bracings in Roof and side bays.
7. Column bases and anchor bolts

Thankyou