3.

0 THE PURPOESE OF CONTRACTION STEEL PORTAL FRAME

A portal frame is a type of building where vertical supports are attached to horizontal beams
or trusses using permanent joints that have built-in moment resistance. Wide spans and open
floors are the outcome. There are numerous materials and methods that can be used to build
portal frame structures. These materials include glulam, steel, and reinforced concrete. They
were initially created in the 1960s and have since emerged as the most popular type of
enclosure for spans between 20 and 60 metres.

Some of the bending moment in the rafters is passed to the columns by these incredibly
sturdy and inflexible connectors. This means that for the same size rafters, the size of the
rafters may be decreased, or the span may be raised. This makes the use of portal frames as a
construction method for vast span buildings particularly effective. So, warehouses, barns, and
other locations where huge, open rooms are needed for less money and a pitched roof is
acceptable, tend to adopt portal frame construction.

In general, portal frames are used for one-story buildings, but they can also be utilised for
low-rise structures with many floors if the levels do not run entirely across the structure, in
these circumstances a skeleton frame, with internal columns, would be a more economic
choice. An example of a typical setup would be a warehouse with office space built up
against one wall. Different materials can be used to coat portal frames. The most common
method is some type of lightweight, insulated metal cladding with cavity masonry work to
the lowest 2 metres of the wall to offer security and impact protection for reasons of speed
and economics. On sheeting rails running between the columns of the portal frames, the
lightweight cladding would be transported.

Portal frames are two-dimensional rigid frames that resemble a rigid junction between a
column and a beam in terms of their basic properties. This type of design's primary goal is to
lessen the beam's bending moment so that the frame can function as a single structural unit.
The inclusion of a pin or hinge joint can prevent rotational movement at the foundation
caused by the transmission of stresses from the beam to the column.

A sloping roof consisting of purlins with ac sheet roofing between portals is given for
warehouses and industrial buildings. Portals with R.C. slab roofs cast monolithically are
utilised for assembly halls. Roof load and wind load are two loads for which portal frames are
intended. It has been demonstrated in the past that the steel gable frame designs produced by
the limit state design/load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and permissible stress design
or allowable strength design (ASD) can be very different.

Rarely does ASD manufacture steel gable frame designs that are much less in weight.
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the contrast between the two approaches is
particularly pronounced in areas with heavy snowfall. When designing, sufficient
consideration should be given to the joints, foundation, and bracing.

When exposed to loads, joints that are not rigid will "open up," making the frame unstable.
This is the effect of a pack of cards.

 The outcome of vertical loading is an outward push of the walls. The structure will
sag and migrate outward if the foundation is unable to resist a horizontal thrust.
 Forces of uplift are applied to the frame by wind. forces that cause the building's sides
and ends to turn. forces of drag on the sides and roof.
 The weight of the building, which is largely supported by the foundations, acts as a
barrier against these destabilising forces. The building's anchors are thought to be the
foundations.
References

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_frame