UNIT - 1

Structural Steel Work

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - IV
Contents

 General Principles and terms defined

 Standard sections
1. Beam joints
2. Angles
3. Channels
4. Tees
5. Bolts
6. Rivets
7. Welding
 INTRODUCTION

 Materials generally used are wrought iron,

cast iron, and steel.

 CAST IRON-only used in compressive members.

 WROUGHT IRON-fibrous in nature- resists tensile
stresses.
 MILD STEEL-suitable for all structural members-
equally strong in tension and compression-
replaced cast iron and wrought iron.
 MANUFACURING PROCESS

 The various sections are fabricated from

white hot steel by passing it through
rolling mills or other machines.
 ADVANTAGES

Lightness

High strength
Termite proof
and stiffness
and rot proof
per weight

Ease of
Formwork fabrication and
unneeded mass
production

Economy in Fast and easy

transportation erection and
and handling installation
 DISADVANTAGES

High deformation
due to small sizes
of members

Not economical Susceptibility to

everywhere corrosion

Buckling due to
Low fire
small sizes of
resistance
members
ADVANTAGE OF STEEL STRUCTURES
OVER R.C.C. AND VISA VERSA

The main advantage of steel

frame work over R.C.C.
construction is that in the
former case, the fabricated
member are delivered to the
site ready for assembly.

Concrete requires no additional

fireproofing treatments and is
safer and cheaper.
 SHAPES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

 The cross sectional properties of a steel

member are identified by its shape.
 The various names given to the members of
different shapes are Angles ; T-section; I-
section; Z-section; Channel; H-section….and
so on .
 Each shape has its particular use in steel
structures.
SHAPES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
BARS
 BARS

 Used as ties and lateral bindings.

 If threaded at the ends or looped at end,used
as tension members.
 Types according to manufacturing process:
1. Cold Rolled Steel Bar
2. Hot Rolled Steel Bar
3. Galvanized Steel Bar
 BARS

 Types according to shapes:

1. Round bars
2. Square bars
3. Hexagonal bars
4. Flat bars
 BARS
ROUND BARS

•Used as reinforcement in concrete

structures, construction of steel
grillage works, etc.
•Available in circular cross sections
with diameter varying from 5 mm to
25 mm with corresponding weights per
metre length as 1.47 N and 37.28 N
respectively.
 BARS
SQUARE BARS

•Used in construction of steel grillage

works for windows.
•Available in cross sections with sizes
varying from 5 mm to 25 mm with
corresponding weights per metre
length as 1.96 N and 8.07 N
respectively.
 BARS
FLAT BARS

•Used in construction of steel grillage

works for windows and gates.
•Available in widths varying from 10
mm to 400 mm thicknesses varying
from 3 mm to 40 mm .
 BARS
HEXAGONAL BARS
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES
ANGLE SECTIONS
 ANGLE SECTIONS

 Used especially in the construction of steel

roof trusses and filler joist floors.
 May be of equal or unequal legs.
 ANGLE SECTIONS

 Equal angle sections available in sections

varying from 20 mm X 20 mm X 3 mm to 200
mm X 200 mm X 25 mm with corresponding
weights per metre length as 8.83 N and 772 N
respectively.
 Unequal angle sections available in sections
varying from 30 mm X 20 mm X 3 mm to 200
mm X 150 mm X 18 mm with corresponding
weights per metre length as 10.79 N and 460
N respectively.
ANGLE SECTIONS
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES
CHANNELS
 CHANNELS

 Used as structural members of steel-framed

structures.
 Consists of web with two equal flanges.
 The Bureau of Indian Standards has Classified
channel sections as junior channel and medium
channel and accordingly, they are designated as
I.S.J.C., I.S.L.C., and I.S.M.C. respectively.
 Available in sizes varying from 100 mm X 45 mm
to 400 mm X 100 mm with corresponding
weights per metre length as 56.90 N and 484.61
N respectively.
CHANNELS
 CHANNELS

 Types:
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES
T-SECTIONS
 T-SECIONS

 Widely used as members of steel roof trusses

and to form built up sections.
 It is designated by overall dimension and
thickness.
 Available in sizes varying from 20 mm X 20
mm X 3 mm to 150 mm X 150 mm X 10 mm
with corresponding weights per metre length
as 8.83 N and 223.67 N respectively.
T-SECTIONS
 T-SECTIONS

 Types:
ROLLED STEEL SHAPES
I-SECTIONS
 I-SECTIONS

 These are properly known as the rolled steel

joists or beams.
 It consist of two flanges connected by a web.
 It is designed by overall depth, width of the
flange b and weight per meter length.
 They are available in sizes varying from
75*50mm to 600*210mm.
 I-sections are used in beams and columns.
 It is best suited to resist bending moment and
shearing force.
I- SECTION
 I-SECTION

 Types :
SHAPES OF STEEL STRUCTURE
STEEL TUBES
 STEEL TUBES

 The steel tubes are used as columns and

compression members and in some cases it
also acts as a tension member in tubular
trusses.
 The steel tubes are efficient structural
sections to be used as compressive
members.
 Steel tube sections have equal radius of
gyration in all directions.
STEEL TUBE SECTION
 CONNECTIONS IN STEEL WORK

 The various members of a steel framed

structure are to be suitably connected for
transfer of load.
 Following are methods adopted for
connecting the members of steel work:
1. Bolts
2. Rivets
3. Welding
CONNECIONS IN STEEL WORK
BOLTS
 BOLTS

 Used when desired to have temporary

connections.
 May also be adopted when it is difficult to
use rivets as connecting members.
 Bolts are better suited for tension
applications.
 Holes are made in members to be connected
and dia is kept about 0.50 mm larger than
that of external dia of bolt.
BOLTS
BOLTS
 BOLTS

 Types:
CONNECTION IN STEELWORK
RIVETS
 RIVETS

 A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener.

 Before being installed, a rivet consists of a
smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one
end.
 The end opposite the head is called the tail.
 On installation the rivet is placed in a
punched or drilled hole, and the tail is upset,
or bucked (i.e., deformed), so that it expands
to about 1.5 times the original shaft diameter,
holding the rivet in place.
 RIVETS

 Because there is effectively a head on each

end of an installed rivet, it can support
tension loads (loads parallel to the axis of the
shaft); however, it is much more capable of
supporting shear loads (loads perpendicular
to the axis of the shaft).
 Bolts and screws are better suited for tension
applications.
 RIVETS

 Types:
CONNECTIONS IN STEEELWORK
WELDING
 WELDING

 A welding joint is a point or edge where two or

more pieces of metal or plastic are joined
together.
 They are formed by welding two or more work
pieces (metal or plastic) according to a particular
geometry.
 Five types of joints: butt, corner, edge, lap, and
tee.
 These configurations may have various
configurations at the joint where actual welding
can occur.
 WELDING

 Types:
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