FORMULAS: Upper Boundary (ub)

XH = Highest score ub = UL +0.5

XL = Lowest score Lower Boundary (lb)

𝑅 Lb = LL – 0.5
c=𝑛

- c is class interval Relative Frequency

- R is range 𝑓 𝑓
𝑟𝑓 = × 100 , 𝑜𝑟 % = × 100
- n is desired number of class intervals 𝑛 𝑛

Cumulative Frequency
Class intervals (ci) – 1st class interval is lowest…last class interval is
highest <cf = first frequency + 2nd class interval up and repeat until to the
last interval. Start with downward to upward
Class size (c )
>cf = same from <cf but the starting point is upward to downward.
c= (UL-LL) + 1
Example.
Lower limit (LL)

- LL = (UL – c ) + 1
- If the given is only Midpoint and class interval:
𝑐−1
o LL = X - 2

Upper Limit (UL)

- UL = (LL + c ) - 1
- If the given is only Midpoint and class interval:
𝑐−1
o LL = X + 2
Cumulative Percentage
Midpoint (X)
<𝑐𝑓
𝑼𝑳 + 𝑳𝑳 <cp = × 100
𝑛
𝑿=
𝟐 >𝑐𝑓
>cp = × 100
𝑛