Comparing Quantities

Oranges in basket Height of statue

Report card of students

Comparing quantities is used to compare quantities of same kind.

Here main point is that we cannot compare report card of students with oranges in
basket.
And we can compare the quantities of same kind

And we can compare quantities in the form of ratio

Ratio:

Ratio is a fraction which denotes comparison Between two quantities

of same type.

Ratio is denoted as :(is to)

Expressed as a:b or a/b

Again the two quantities should be of same kind

Comparison of two quantities

In the figure we have 3 apples and 5 oranges

So the ratio between apples and oranges is
Equal to 3:5 which can also be written as 3/5
Percentage another way of comparing quantities

Application of percentage in daily life

To figure out discounts on items

To find out your grade in a class

Device Battery

Medicines
 percent is derived from Latin word ‘per centum’ meaning ‘per hundred’

Percent is represented by the symbol % and means hundredths too.

That is 1% means 1 out of hundred or one hundredth.
1
It can be written as: 1% = 100

Convert the given fractional numbers to percentage.

1
(a) Write 8
as percent
solution In order to convert a fraction into a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100
and put the percent sign %.
1
= ( 8 ) × 100 %
100
= 8
%
= 12.5%
3
(b) write 40
as percent
solution: In order to convert a fraction into a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and
put the percent sign %.
3
= ( 40 ) × 100 %
300
= 40
%
30
= 4
%
= 7.5%

Convert decimals to percentages

Convert the 12.35 decimal fraction to percent.

solution:First we have to remove the decimal point,
1235
= 100
Now,
Multiply by 100 and put the percent sign %.
We have,
1235
= (( 100
) × 100)
= 1235%
 Fun with Estimation:
Estimate what part of the figures is coloured, and hence find the percent which is
coloured.

A. By observing the given figure,

We can identify that 3 parts are shaded out of 8 equal parts.
3
It is represented by a fraction = 8
Then,
3
= 8
× 100
300
= 8
= 37.5%
Hence, 37.5% of the figure is coloured.

Increase or Decrease as percent

How do we convert the increase or decrease in a quantity as a percentage of the initial

amount? Consider the following example

The population of a city decreased from 25,000 to 24,500.

Find the percentage decrease.

solution: From the question, it is given that

Initial population of the city = 25000

Final population of the city = 24500

Population decrease = Initial population – Final population

 = 25000 – 24500

= 500

𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
Percentage decrease in population = 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
× 100

𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
= 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
× 100

500
= ( 25000 ) × 100

50000
= ( 25000 )

50
= 25

= 2%

Prices related to an item or buying and selling price

Let us try to interpret the statements related to prices of items.

A toy bought for 72 is sold at 80.

The buying price (or CP) is 72 .

The buying price of any item is known as its cost price. It is written in short as CP.

The selling price (or SP) is 80

The price at which you sell the item is known as selling price.

It is written in short as SP.

Profit: if selling price is more than cost price we get profit

Profit = selling price- cost price

Application of profit and loss in real life

To buy or sell items

To calculate profit/loss in business

 Profit percent:

The profit or loss can be converted to a percentage. It is always calculated on the CP.

A refrigerator bought for ₹ 12,000 and sold at ₹ 13,500. Find profit percent

solution:From the question, it is given that

Cost price of refrigerator = ₹ 12000

Selling price of refrigerator = ₹ 13500

Since (SP) > (CP), so there is a profit

Profit = (SP) – (CP)

= ₹ (13500 – 12000)

= ₹ 1500

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Profit % = ( 𝐶𝑃
) × 100

1500
= ( 12000 ) × 100

150000
= 12000

150
= 12

= 12.5%
 Loss percentage:The profit or loss can be converted to a percentage.
It is always calculated on the CP.

A skirt was bought for ₹ 250 and sold at ₹ 150.

solution:Since (SP) < (CP), so there is a loss

Loss = (CP) – (SP)

= ₹ (250 – 150)

= ₹ 100

𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
Loss % = ( 𝐶𝑃
) × 100

100
= ( 250 ) × 100

10000
= 250

= 40%
Juhi sells a washing machine for ₹ 13,500. She loses 20% in the bargain. What was
the price at which she bought it?
solution:From the question, it is given that
Selling price of washing machine = ₹ 13500

Percentage of loss = 20%

Now, we have to find the cost price washing machine

By using the formula, we have:

CP = ₹ {(100/ (100 – loss %)) × SP}

= {(100/ (100 – 20)) × 13500}

100
= {( 80
) × 13500}

1350000
={ 80
}

135000
={ 80
}

= ₹ 16875
Simple interest

Real time examples

Borrowing money from bank

Borrowing money from post office

 Car loan from bank

Application of Simple Interest:

In our daily lives, sometimes, we come across a situation where we need to borrow
money from a bank, post office or a moneylender for a specified period.

At the end of this period, we must pay back the money we had borrowed plus some
additional money for using the lender’s money.

This additional money is known as interest.

There are mainly two types of interest such as simple interest and compound interest.
Application of simple interest is comparatively easier than applying compound interest.
Compound interest can be further calculated with the help of simple interest as well.
Simple interest: Simple interest is always calculated on the original amount.

𝑃𝑇𝑅
Simple interest formula = 100

Principal: The principal is the amount that was initially borrowed (loan) from the

bank or invested. The principal is denoted by P.

Rate: Rate is the rate of interest at which the principal amount is given to

someone for a certain time,

the rate of interest can be 5%, 10%, or 13%, etc.

The rate of interest is denoted by R.

Time: Time is the duration for which the principal amount is given to someone.

Time is denoted by T

Michael's father had borrowed $1,000 from the bank and the rate of interest was

5%. What would the simple interest be if the amount is borrowed for 1 year?

Similarly, calculate the simple interest if the amount is borrowed for 2 years, 3

years, and 10 years? Also, calculate the amount that has to be returned in each

of these cases.

Solution:Principal Amount = $1,000, Rate of Interest = 5% = 5/100.

Duration Simple interest

1 SI =
1000×5×1
= 50
100

2 SI =
1000×5×2
= 100
100

3 SI =
1000×5×3
= 150
100

10 SI =
1000×5×10
= 500
100

Duration Simple interest amount

1 SI =
1000×5×1
= 50 A= 1000+50 =1050
100

2 SI =
1000×5×2
= 100 A= 1000+100 =1100
100

3 SI =
1000×5×3
= 150 A= 1000+150 = 1150
100

10 SI =
1000×5×10
= 500 A= 1000+500=1500
100