Statistics

Statistics:statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with data or

information.

Data: The Information collected with a definite purpose.Collection of Data is

two types.
1.Primary data 2.secondary data

Primary data:Data collected first hand data

Ex: Teacher Attendance
Secondary data:Data collected from a source that already had data stored.
Ex: Promotion to next class list

Frequency:The number of times a particular instance occurs is called

frequency and statistics
Ex: 4 marks - 3 students
Here,3 is the frequency of observation
5 marks - 6 students
Here,6 is the frequency of observation.

Representation of data:
Data
/ \
Grouped data Ungrouped data
| |
Grouped frequency Ungrouped frequency
table table

Grouped data: Grouped data observations are organized in groups.

Ungrouped data:Ungrouped data is data in its original form or raw from the
observations that are not classified into groups.

Ungrouped data frequency distribution table:

When the frequency of each class interval is not arranged or organized in
any manner.
Ex: Consider the marks obtained by 10 students in a mathematics test for a
total of 10 marks 5,4,9,10,2,1,3,4,5,4

Ungrouped data Frequency distribution table:

Marks Number of students

1 5
2 4
3 9
4 10
5 2
6 1
7 3
8 4
9 5
10 4
Grouped Frequency table:
The frequency of the corresponding class intervals are organized or
arranged in a particular manner either ascending or descending

Marks Number of students

1-3 3
4-6 5
7 - 10 2

Class Width:Upper Class limit - Lower class limit

Ex: 7 - 10
Here,Upper Class limit = 10,lower class limit = 7
10 - 7 = 3
Mid value or Class mark:
The average of the lower and upper limit of class.
Ex: 4 - 6
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡+𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 4+6 10
Mid value = = = = 5
2 2 2

Graphical representation of data:

1.Bar graphs
2.Histograms Of uniform width and of wearing widths
3.Frequency polygons.

Bar graph:
Graphical representation of data using vars of equal width and equal
spacing between them the height of the bar represents the frequency of the
data.

in years Number of mango trees

2005 150
2006 220
2007 350
 2008 150
2009 300
2010 370

Histogram:Like bar graphs but for continuous class intervals.

Ex:
Monthly school fee Number of schools
30 5
12
60 14
90 18
120 10
 150 9
180 4
210

Frequency polygon:
1.If the midpoints of each rectangle in a histogram are joined by line
segments the figure formed will be a frequency polygon.
2.can be drawn without a histogram needed with points of class intervals.
 Represent the data of both teams on the same graph by frequency polygons.
[Hint: First, make the class intervals continuous.]
A. The data given in the question is represented in the discontinuous class interval. So, we
have to make it in the continuous class interval. The difference is 1, so taking half of 1, we
subtract ½ = 0.5 = 0.5 from the lower limit and add 0.5 to the upper limit. Then, the table
becomes

Number of Balls Class Mark Team A Team B

0.5-6.5 3.5 2 5

6.5-12.5 9.5 1 6

12.5-18.5 15.5 8 2

18.5-24.5 21.5 9 10
 24.5-30.5 27.5 4 5

30.5-36.5 33.5 5 6

36.5-42.5 39.5 6 3

42.5-48.5 45.5 10 4

48.5-54.5 51.5 6 8

54.5-60.5 57.5 2 10

The data of both teams are represented on the graph below by frequency polygons.
 Level-1

1)Which of the following is the number of times a particular item occurs in a

class interval?
A) Mean
B) Frequency
C) Cumulative frequency
D) Median
Answer:B

2)What are the groups into which large data is condensed called?
A) Class limits
B) Classes
C) Class size
D) Class width
Answer:B

3)Find the mean of first 5 whole numbers.

A) 2.5
B) 3
C) 1.5
D) 2
Answer:D

4)The class marks of a frequency distribution are given as 15, 20, 25,
Find the class corresponding to the class mark 20.
A) 12.5-17.5
B) 17.5-22.5
C) 18.5-21.5
D) 19.5-20.5
Answer:B
5)Find the median of the first ten prime numbers.
A) 24
B) 14
C) 12
D) 22
Answer:C

6)In a school 90 boys and 30 girls appeared for a public examination. The
mean marks of boys was found to be 45% whereas the mean marks of girls
was 70%. What is the average marks % of the school?
A) 61.50%
B) 51.25%
C) 40.50%
D) 51.52%
Answer:B

7)What is a graph drawn with the midpoints of the top sides of the
rectangles forming the histogram of a frequency distribution called?
A) Bar graph
B) Ogive
C) Frequency polygon
D) Frequency curve
Answer:C

8)What do you call the value in a data around which the values of all the
other observations tend to concentrate?
(A) Common value
(B) Range
(C) Measure of central tendency
(D) Mid value
Answer:C
9)Of the class intervals 10-20 and 20-30, the number 20 is included in
which of the following?
A) 10-20
B) 20-30
C) 15-20
D) Both (A) and (B)
Answer:B

10)Find the arithmetic mean of 30,36,39,23 and 27.

A) 28
B) 20
C) 31
D) 35
Answer:C

11)Which one of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

A) Mean
B) Range
C) Median
D) Mode
Answer:B

12)The relative humidity (in %) of 10 days is given in the box.

92.1, 97.1, 95.7, 93.3, 89 ,96.2, 94.9 , 97.3, 92.1, 98.3
Determine its range.
A) 9.3
B) 9.6
C) 9.5
D) 9.8

Answer:A
13)The median of given observations arranged in ascending order is 25.
11, 13, 15, 19, p + 2, p + 4, 30, 35, 39, 46. Find p
A) 22
B) 24
C) 21
D) 26

Answer:A

14)The mean of first 8 observations is 18 and last 8 observations is 20.

If the mean of all 15 observations is 19, find the 8th observation.
A) 18
B) 12
C) 19
D) 20

Answer:C

Level-2

1) The mid-point of a class is m and I is the upper class limit in a

continuous frequency distribution. Which of the following would be the
lower class limit of the class?
A) 2m +L
B) 2m-L
C) m-L
D) m-2L

Answer:B
2)The width of each of nine classes in a frequency distribution is 2.5 and
the lower class boundary of the lowest class is 10.6. What is the upper
class boundary of the highest class?
A) 35.6
B) 33.1
C) 30.3
D) 28.1
Answer:D

3)In a frequency distribution, the mid value of a class is 10 and the width of
the class is 6. What is the lower limit of the class?
A) 6
B) 7
C) 8
D) 12
Answer:B

4)In a frequency distribution, ogives are graphical representation of which

of the following?
A) Frequency
B) Relative frequency
C) Cumulative frequency
D) Raw data
Answer:C

5)Apart from plotting frequencies of the class intervals,

Which of the following are used to construct a frequency polygon?
A) Upper limits of the classes
B) Lower limits of the classes
C) Any values of the classes
D) Mid values of the classes
Answer:D
6)The mean wage of 150 labourers working in a factory running three shifts
with 60, 40 and 50 labourers is ₹ 114. The mean wage of 60 labourers
working in the first shift is 121.50 and that of 40 labourers working the
second shift is 107.75. Find the mean wage of those who are working in the
third shift.
(A) 110
(B) 100
(C) 120
(D) 115.75
Answer:A

7)The mean of n observations is X. If each observation is multiplied by k,

what is the mean of new observations?
(A) kx
(B) k
(C) X+k
(D) X-k
Answer:A

8)The mean of 75 numbers is 25. If each number is divided by 5, find the

new mean.
(A) 5
(B) 20
(C) 8
(D) 15
Answer:A
9)For which set of numbers do the mean, median and mode have the same
value?
(A) 2, 2, 2, 4
(B) 1,3,3,3,5
(C) 1, 1, 2, 5, 6
(D) 1, 1, 1, 2, 5
Answer:C

10)Find the difference between arithmetic means of all even and odd
numbers between 50 and 60.
(A) 2
(B) 0
(C) 1
(D) 3

Answer:

11)For the set of numbers 2, 2, 4, 5 and 12 which of the following

statements is true?
(A) Mean >Median
(B) Mean > Mode
(C) Mean < Mode
(D) Mode = Median
Answer:A
12)A cricketer has a mean score of 60 runs in ten innings. Find the number
of runs that are to be scored in the eleventh inning to raise the mean score
to 62.
(A) 62
(B) 78
(C) 58
(D) 82
Answer:D

13)Which of the following is the empirical relation between mean, mode

and median?
(A) Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
(B) Mode =2 Median - 3 Mean
(C) Median =3 Mode - 2 Mean
(D) Mean = 3 Median - 2 Mode
Answer:A

14)Find the median of the data given 0,2,2,2,3,5, -1, 5, 5, -3, 6, 6, 5, 6

(A) 0
(B) -1.5
(C) 2
(D) 3.5
Answer:D
15)The mean of 20 numbers is 40. If 5 is subtracted from every number,
what will be the new mean?
(A) 45
(B) 40
(C) 20
(D) 35

Answer:D

Level-3

1)The mean of a, b, c, d and e is 28. If the mean of a, c, and e is 24, what

is the mean of b and d?
(A) 31
(C) 33
(B) 32
(D) 34
Answer:D

2)What is the algebraic sum of the deviations of a set of n values from their
mean?
(A) 0
(B) n-1
(C) n
(D) n+1

Answer:A
3)The mean of 50 observations was 250. It was detected on checking that
the value of 165 was wrongly copied as 115 for computation of mean. Find
the correct mean.
A) 215
B) 151
C) 156
D) 251

Answer:D

4)If the mean of 9 observations p, p + 2, p+4,p+6, p+8, p-2, p-4, p-6 and p -
8 is 10. Find the mean of the least 5 observations.
(A) 6
(B) 25
(C) 10
(D) 9
Answer:A

5)The median of the data 26, 56, 32, 33, 60, 17, 34, 29, 45, is 33. If 26 is
replaced with 62, what is the new median?
(A) 34
(B) 29
(C) 32
(D) 33
Answer:A
6)The mean of 6 numbers is 20. If one number is deleted, their mean is 15.
Find the deleted number.
A) 45
B) 52
C) 20
D) 36
Answer:A

7)The number of children in 10 families of a locality are 1, 4, 3, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3,

3 and 5. Find the mean number of children per family.
A) 3
B) 4
C) 1
D) 2
Answer:A

8)The mean of some observations is 50. If their sum is 600, what is the
number of observations?
(A) 8
(B) 12
(C) 16
(D) 10
Answer:B

9)Find the class mark of the class 90-120.

(A) 90
(B) 105
(C) 115
(D) 120
Answer:B

10)A cricketer has a mean score of 60 runs in ten innings. Find the number of
runs that are to be scored in the eleventh inning to raise the mean score to 62.

A) 62

B) 78

C) 58

D) 82

Answer:D

11)The mean of the ages of 20 students is 10 years. 5 students with the mean
age of 15 years leave the class. Mean of the ages of the remaining students will
be:

A) 4

B) 5.66

C) 6.25

D) 8.33

Answer:D
13)The class marks of frequency distribution are given as follows: 12, 18, 24

The class corresponding to the class mark 24 is

A) 22−26

B) 20−28

C) 21−27

D) 21−28

E) None of these

Answer:C

14)If mode of the observations 7, 3, 5, 8, 3, 3, 5, 6, 9, 7, x, 8, 8, 5 and 4 is 5

the median of the observations is

A) 3.5

B) 5

C) 5.5

D) 6

E) None of these

Answer:C
15)The semi interquartile range of the observations 5, 7, 10, 9, 6, 8, 11, 18, 17,
16 is

A) 1.5

B) 2.5

C) 3.5

D) 4.5

E) None of these

Answer:C

Level-4
Numeric type Questions

1) The heights (in centimeters) of a group of students are given as follows: 150, 155,
160, 165, 170. Calculate the mean height of the students.
Answer: 160 cm

2)The following data represents the number of hours spent by students on a particular
subject in a week: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Calculate the median.
Answer: 4 hours.

3)The marks obtained by a student in five subjects are: 85, 90, 78, 92, 88. Calculate the
range of the marks.
Answer: 14

4) The ages (in years) of a group of friends are: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Calculate the
standard deviation of their ages.
Answer: 1.58 (rounded to two decimal places)

5)The weights (in kilograms) of a sample of chocolates are: 12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Calculate
the mean deviation from the mean.
Answer: 2
6) The heights (in centimeters) of a group of students are as follows: 165, 172, 178,
160, 175, 168, 182, 155, 170, and 177. Calculate the mean height and standard
deviation.
Answer: Mean: 170.2
Standard Deviation: 7.07

7)A random sample of 15 students was taken, and their scores in a mathematics test
were recorded. The scores are as follows: 92, 87, 95, 88, 96, 90, 85, 94, 89, 93, 86, 91,
97, 84, 98. Calculate the 90th percentile of the scores.
Answer: 90th Percentile: 96

8)The weights of a sample of 12 students (in kilograms) are: 54, 58, 52, 60, 56, 55, 59,
53, 57, 61, 50, 62. Determine the interquartile range (IQR) of the weights.
Answer: Interquartile Range (IQR): 6

9)The ages (in years) of a group of athletes are: 25, 28, 32, 30, 35, 27, 29, 31, 26, and
33. Calculate the coefficient of variation for the ages.
Answer: Coefficient of Variation: 10.94%

10)The following data represents the number of books read by a group of students in a
month: 15, 18, 22, 20, 25, 19, 21, 17, 23, 16. Determine the mode of the data.
Answer: Mode: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 (No unique mode)
 Statement type Questions

1)Statement:The average height of a group of students is 150 cm.

Statement 1: There are 10 students in the group.

Statement 2: The total height of all students is 1500 cm.

A) Statement 1 alone is sufficient.

B) Statement 2 alone is sufficient.

C) Both statements together are sufficient.

D) Neither statement alone is sufficient.

Answer:C

2)What is the median of a set of 7 different numbers?

Statement 1: The numbers are arranged in ascending order.

Statement 2: The fourth number is 15.

A) Statement 1 alone is sufficient.

B) Statement 2 alone is sufficient.

C) Both statements together are sufficient.

D) Neither statement alone is sufficient

Answer:B
3)Statement: In a survey, what is the mode of the ages of the respondents?

Statement 1: The ages are 25, 30, 35, 40, and 25.

Statement 2: The most common age is 25.

A) Statement 1 alone is sufficient.

B) Statement 2 alone is sufficient.

C) Both statements together are sufficient.

D) Neither statement alone is sufficient.

Answer:C

4)Statement:What is the probability of rolling an even number on a six-sided die?

Statement 1: The die is fair.

Statement 2: The numbers on the die are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

A) Statement 1 alone is sufficient.

B) Statement 2 alone is sufficient.

C) Both statements together are sufficient.

D) Neither statement alone is sufficient.

Answer:C
 Level-5
Passage type Questions

Read the following bar graph and answer the following questions:

1)In which year was the difference between the sales of the scooters and the sales of
cars the least?

(A) 2015
(B) 2016
(C) 2017
(D) 2018

Answer:B
 2)Total number of vehicles (scooters and cars) sold in the year 2015 and 2016 was
A) 26,100
B) 28,500
C) 25,100
D) 27,500

Answer:A

3)The maximum difference between the sales of scooters and cars, in any year, in the
given period was
A) 1500
B) 1700
C) 1800
D) 2000
Answer:C

4)The total number of scooters sold in the four years was

A) 26,000
B) 27,000
C) 31,000
D) 32,000
Answer:D

5)The ratio between the total number of vehicles sold (scooters and cars) in the year
2016 and that in the year 2018.
A) 41 : 46
B) 69 : 91
C) 147 : 182
D) 46 : 49
Answer:B
 Matrix match Type Questions

Statistical Measure Description

A) Mean 1. The middle value of a data set when arranged in ascending order

B) Median 2. The sum of all values in a data set divided by the number of values.

C) Mode 3. The most frequently occurring value in a data set.

D) Range 4. The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset

Options:

A) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

B) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
C) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
D) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

Answer:C