All About Constitution in Myanmar English-Burmese Version Collection by Myo Aung

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ALL ABOUT CONSTITUTION IN MYANMAR ENGLISH-BURMESE VERSION

COLLECTION BY MYO AUNG
Research · August 2016

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3027.7369
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Constitution of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar
(2008)
jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'
(2008 ckESpf)
Printing
September, 2008
(10000) Copies
Printed by
Printing & Publishing Enterprise,

Ministry of Information
yHkEdSyfjcif;
2008 ckESpf? pufwifbmv

tkyfa& (10000)
yHkEdSyf
jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme? yHkEdSyfa&;ESifhpmtkyfxkwfa0a&;vkyfief;wGif yHkEdSyfonf/
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
- Preamble ... 1
1. Basic Principles of the Union ... 3
2. State Structure ... 13
3. Head of State ... 19
4. Legislature ... 27
5. Executive ... 75
6. Judiciary . . . 125
7. Defence Services . . . 148
8. Citizen, Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens . . . 149
9. Election . . . 157
10. Political Parties . . . 163
11. Provisions on State of Emergency . . . 165
12. Amendment of the Constitution . . . 173
13. State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and the Capital . . . 175
14. Transitory Provisions . . . 177
15. General Provisions . . . 179

rmwd u m
pOf taMumif ; t&m pmrsuf E S m
- ed'gef; ... 1
1/ tcef; (1) Edik if aH wmftajccHrrl sm; ... 3
2/ tcef; (2) Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;wnfaqmufyHk ... 13
3/ tcef; (3) Edik if aH wmftBu;D tuJ ... 19
4/ tcef; (4) Oya'jyKa&; ... 27
5/ tcef; (5) tkycf sKyaf &; ... 75
6/ tcef; (6) w&m;pD&ifa&; ... 125
7/ tcef; (7) wyfrawmf ... 148
8/ tcef; (8) Ekid if o H m;? Ekid if o
H m;rsm;\
rlvtcGit hf a&;ESiw hf m0efrsm; ... 149
9/ tcef; (9) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif; ... 157
10/ tcef; (10) Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm; ... 163
11/ tcef; (11) ta&;ay:umvqdik &f mjy|mef;csurf sm; ... 165
12/ tcef; (12) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif; ... 173
13/ tcef; (13) Edik if aH wmftvH? txdr;f trSww f q
H yd f
oDcsi;f ESiNhf rKd Uawmf ... 175
14/ tcef; (14) ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csurf sm; ... 177
15/ tcef; (15) taxGaxGjy|mef;csurf sm; ... 179
Preamble
Myanmar is a Nation with magnificent historical traditions. We, the National people,
have been living in unity and oneness, setting up an independent sovereign State and standing
tall with pride.
Due to colonial intrusion, the Nation lost her sovereign power in 1885. The National
people launched anti-colonialist struggles and National liberation struggles, with unity in
strength, sacrificing lives and hence the Nation became an independent sovereign State
again on 4th January 1948.
In order to gain independence speedily, the Constitution was hastily drafted, and it
was adopted by the Constitutent Assembly on 24th September 1947. After attaining
independence, Parliamentary Democracy System was practised in the State in accord
with the Constitution of the Union of Myanmar. However, as democratic system could not
be effectively materialized, the new Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of
Myanmar was drafted based on the single party system, and after holding a National
Referendum, a socialist democratic State was set up in 1974. The Constitution came to an
end because of the general situation occurred in 1988.
Later, due to public aspirations, the State Peace and Development Council made
efforts to adopt multi-party democratic system and market economy in accord with the
National situation.
As an enduring Constitution, that guarantees long-term benefits, has become
essential for the future nation, the State Peace and Development Council convened the
National Convention in 1993.
Persons who are well experienced in various aspects of politics, security,
administration, economics, social and law as well as National races representatives of all
townships in the Nation took part in the National Convention.
ed ' gef ;
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf ordkif;tpOftvmBuD;rm;aom EdkifiHawmfjzpfayonf/
uREkfyfwdkY wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltaygif;wdkYonf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm wpfom;wnf;
aexdkifvmcJhMuNyD; tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkif vGwfvyfaomEdkifiHtjzpf xlaxmifum
xnf0gpGm &yfwnfcMhJ uayonf/
udkvdkeDe,fcsJUwdkY\usL;ausmfrIaMumifh 1885 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmftmPm
vH;k 0vufvw G qf ;kH ½H;I cJ&h ayonf/ wdik ;f &if;om;jynfot l aygif;wdo Yk nf pnf;vH;k nDñw G rf I
pGr;f tm;jzifh e,fcsUJ qefu Y siaf &;ESihf trsK;d om;vGwaf jrmufa&;wdu k yf rJG sm;udk toufaygif;
rsm;pGmpaw;í qifETJcJhMuaomaMumifh 1948 ckESpf Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufaeYwGif
tcsKyt f jcmtmPmydik f vGwv f yfaomEdik if aH wmftjzpf jyefvnf&yfwnfEikd cf ahJ yonf/
vGwv f yfa&;tjref&&S&d eftwGuf zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyyf t kH ajccHOya'udk tvsit f jref
a&;qGJum 1947 ckESpf pufwifbmv 24 &ufaeYwGif wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmfu
twnfjyKjy|mef;cJhNyD; vGwfvyfa&;&&Sdaomtcg EdkifiHawmfwGif tqdkyg zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'jzifh ygvDref'rD u kd a&pDpepfukd azmfaqmifusio hf ;kH cJMh uayonf/ od&Yk mwGif
EdkifiHawmfü 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk yDjyifpGm usifhoHk;EdkifrIr&Sdojzifh 1974 ckESpfwGif
wpfygwDyHkpHudktajccHvsuf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yfudk a&;qGJNyD; jynfvHk;uRwf
qEćH,lyGJusif;yí twnfjyKjy|mef;um qdk&S,fvpf'Drdkua&pD EdkifiHawmftjzpf
BudK;yrf;wnfaxmifcJhjyefayonf/ 1988 ckESpfwGif EdkifiHawmfü jzpfay:vmonfh
tajctaet&yf&yfaMumifh tqdyk gzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rSmvnf; &yfqikd ;f oGm;cJ&h onf/
xYakd emuff Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D jynforl sm;\
vdktifqEÉSifhtnD ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDpepfESifh aps;uGufpD;yGm;a&;pepfwdkYudk rdrdEdkifiHESifh
vdu k af vsmnDaxGpmG xlaxmifEikd &f eftwGuf BuKd ;yrf;wnfaqmufay;cJah yonf/
tem*wfEdkifiHawmfwGif a&&SnftusKd;&SdNyD; cdkifrmonfh zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'
wpf&yf r&Srd jzpfvt kd yfonft h wGuf Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpD
onf 1993 ckEpS rf pS í trsK;d om;nDvmcHukd ac:,lusi;f yay;cJo h nf/
trsKd;om;nDvmcHwGif EdkifiHa&;? vkHNcHKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh
Oya'a&;&mponfh ½IaxmifhrsKd;pHkrS tawGUtMuHK<u,f0onfh yk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0ifouJhodkY
EdkifiHawmftwGif;wnf&Sdonfh NrdKUe,ftm;vHk;rS wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf;
yg0ifcMhJ uayonf/
2
Despite many difficulties and disturbances encountered the National Convention,
it was unwaveringly reconvened in 2004 in accord with the seven-step Roadmap
adopted in 2003. As the National Convention was able to adopt the Basic Principles and
Detailed Basic Principles for formulating a Constitution, it successfully concluded on 3rd
September 2007.
We, the National people, drafted this Constitution of the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar in accord with the Basic Principles and Detailed Basic Principles laid down by
the National Convention.
We, the National people, firmly resolve that we shall :
- steadfastly adhere to the objectives of non-disintegration of the Union, non-
disintegration of National solidarity, and perpetuation of sovereignty;
- stalwartly strive for further burgeoning the eternal principles namely justice,
liberty, equality and perpetuation of peace and prosperity of the National
people;
- uphold racial equality, living eternally in unity fostering the firm Union Spirit of
true patriotism;
- constantly endeavour to uphold the principles of peaceful co-existence
among nations with a view to having world peace and friendly relations among
nations.
DO HEREBY ADOPT this Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
through a nation-wide referendum on the Tenth day of Kasone Waning, 1370 M.E.
(The Twenty-Ninth day of May, 2008 A.D.)
2
trsKd;om;nDvmcHusif;y&mwGif tcuftcJtaESmifht,Sufrsm; MuHKawGUcJh&
aomfvnf; 2003 ckESpfwGif csrSwfcJhaom EdkifiHawmfa&SUqufoGm;rnfh rl0g'vrf;pOf
(7) &yfESifhtnD trsKd;om;nDvmcHudk 2004 ckESpfwGif rqkwfrepfaom ZGJvHkYvjzifh
qufvufusif;ycJh&m cdkifrmaom EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wpf&yf ay:ayguf
&eftwGuf tajccH&rnfrh rl sm;ESihf tao;pdwt f ajccH&rnfrh rl sm;udk tESpo f m&jynh0f pGm
csrw
S Ef ikd cf MhJ uojzifh 2007 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv 3 &ufaeYwiG f trsK;d om;nDvmcHonf
atmifjrifpmG Ny;D ajrmufcahJ yonf/
uREyfk w f Ykd wdik ;f &if;om;jynfot l aygif;wdo Yk nf trsK;d om;nDvmcHu csrw S af y;cJh
onfh tajccHrlrsm;ESifh tao;pdwftajccH&rnfhrlrsm;ESifhtnD þjynfaxmifpk
or®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk a&;qGcJ MhJ uayonf/
uREyfk w f w Ykd ikd ;f &if;om;jynfot l aygif;wdo Yk nf -
- jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifh
tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhcdkif NrJa&;[laom OD;wnfcsufrsm;udk
tpOfwpdu k f rrSw d rf okef pGNJ rpJ mG cH,al pmifx h ed ;f oGm;Murnf[k oEé|d mef
csrw S í f vnf;aumif;?
- EdkifiHawmfü w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;ESifh nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom
avmuygvw&m;rsm; xGef;um;apvsuf wdkif;&if;om;jynfoltrsm;
Nidrf;csrf;om,m0ajyma&;udk wnfwHhcdkifNrJatmif pOfqufrjywf
aqmif&u G xf ed ;f odr;f oGm;Murnf[k oEé|d mefcsrw S íf vnf;aumif;?
- Edik if aH wmftwGi;f vlrsK;d a&;wef;wlrjI zifh ppfreS af om rsK;d csppf w d "f mwf
jzpfonfh jynfaxmifppk w d "f mwfukd cdik Nf rpJ mG arG;jrLvsuf xm0pOf pnf;vH;k
nDñGwfpGm twlwuG vufwGJaexdkifMurnf[k oEéd|mefcsrSwfí
vnf;aumif;?
- urÇmNh ird ;f csr;f a&;ESihf Edik if t H csi;f csi;f rdw0f wfrysuf aygif;oif; qufqaH &;
udk a&S;½Ivsuf Nird ;f csr;f pGm twl,OS w f aJG exdik af &;rlrsm;udk apmifx
h ed ;f &ef
tpOfBuKd ;yrf;Murnf[k oEé|d mefcsrw S íf vnf;aumif;?
þjynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'udk ouú&mZf 1370
jynfhESpf? uqkefvjynfhausmf 10 &uf (c&pfESpf 2008 ckESpf? arv 29 &uf) aeYwGif
jynfv;kH uRwf qEć, H yl BJG u;D jzifh twnfjyKjy|mef;vdu k Mf uonf/
Chapter I
Basic Principles of the Union
tcef; (1)
EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;
Chapter I
Basic Principles of the Union
The Republic of the Union of Myanmar
1. Myanmar is an independent sovereign Nation.

2. The State shall be known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
3. The State is where multi-National races collectively reside.
4. The Sovereign power of the Union is derived from the citizens and is in force in the
entire country.
5. The territory of the State shall be the land, sea, and airspace which constitutes its
territory on the day this Constitution is adopted.
Basic Principles
6. The Union’s consistent objectives are :

(a) non-disintegration of the Union;
(b) non-disintegration of National solidarity;
(c) perpetuation of sovereignty;
(d) flourishing of a genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system;
(e) enhancing the eternal principles of Justice, Liberty and Equality in the Union
and;
(f) enabling the Defence Services to be able to participate in the National political
leadership role of the State.
7. The Union practises genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system.
8. The Union is constituted by the Union system.

tcef; (1)
Ed k i f i H a wmf t ajccH r l r sm;
EdkifiHawmf
1/ jrefrmEdik if o
H nf tcsKyt
f jcmtmPmydik f vGwv
f yfonfEh ikd if jH zpfonf/
2/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifpo

k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf[k ac:wGi&f rnf/
3/ Ekid if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygif;pkw

H Ydk pkaygif;aexdik Mf uaom Ekid if H jzpfonf/
4/ Edik if aH wmf\ tcsKyt

f jcmtmPmonf Edik if o
H m;rsm;xHrS qif;oufNy;D Edik if aH wmf
wpf0ef;vk;H ü wnfonf/
5/ EdkifiHawmf\ajrxk? a&xkESifh avxkwdkYyg0ifaom e,fedrdwfonf þzGJUpnf;ykH

tajccHOya' twnfjzpfonhaf eYwiG f wnf&o dS nft h wdik ;f jzpfonf/
tajccH r l r sm;
6/ Edik if aH wmfonf -
(u) jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;?
( c ) wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDñw G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;?
( * ) tcsKyt f jcmtmPmwnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;?
(C) ppfreS í f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'kH rD u kd a&pDpepf xGe;f um;a&;?
( i ) EdkifiHawmfü w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwfvyfjcif;ESihf nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom
avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydrk x kd eG ;f um;a&;ESihf
( p ) Edik if aH wmf\ trsK;d om;Edik if aH &;OD;aqmifrt I cef;u@wGif wyfrawmfu
yg0ifxrf;aqmifEikd af &;wdu Yk kd tpOfwpdu k Of ;D wnfonf/
7/ Edik if aH wmfonf ppfreS í

f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'kH rD u
dk a&pDpepfukd usio
fh ;Hk
onf/
8/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufonf/

4
9. (a) The existing seven Divisions are designated as seven Regions and the existing
seven States are designated as seven States. Those seven Regions and seven
States are of equal status.
(b) The names of those seven Regions and seven States are retained as they
exist.
(c) If it is desired to change the name of a Region or a State, it shall be done so
with the enactment of a law after ascertaining the desire of citizens residing in
the Region or State concerned.
10. No part of the territory constituted in the Union such as Regions, States, Union
Territories and Self-Administered Areas shall ever secede from the Union.
11. (a) The three branches of sovereign power namely, legislative power, executive
power and judicial power are separated, to the extent possible, and exert
reciprocal control, check and balance among themselves.
(b) The three branches of sovereign power, so separated are shared among the
Union, Regions, States and Self-Administered Areas.
12. (a) The legislative power of the Union is shared among the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
Region Hluttaws and State Hluttaws. Legislative power stipulated by this
Constitution shall be shared to the Self-Administered Areas.
(b) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw consisting of two Hluttaws, one Hluttaw elected on
the basis of township as well as population, and the other on an equal number
of representatives elected from Regions and States.
4
9/ (u) &S&d if;pGw J ikd ;f (7)wdik ;f udk wkid ;f a'oBu;D (7)ck tjzpfvnf;aumif;? &S&d if;pGJ
jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fukd jynfe,f(7)jynfe,f tjzpfvnf;aumif; ykid ;f jcm;
owfrSwfonf/ xdkwkdif;a'oBuD;(7)ckESihf jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fwdkYonf
tqiht f wef;wlnMD uonf?
(c) xkw d ikd ;f a'oBu;D (7)ckEiS fh jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fw\ Ykd trnfrsm;udk &S&d if;pGJ
twdik ;f ac:qdo k ;kH EIe;f onf?
(*) wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcck \ k trnfujkd zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\trnfukd
jzpfap ajymif;vJowfrSwfvdkvQif oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aexdik Mf uaom Edik if o H m;rsm;\qE´&,lNy;D Oya'jy|mef;
jcif;jzifh ajymif;vJowfrw S &f rnf/
10/ Edik if aH wmfwiG yf g0ifonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;? jynfaxmifpk e,fajrrsm;?
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;ponhf EdkifiHawmf\e,fajrtydkif;tjcm; [lorQonf
Edik if aH wmfrS rnfonft h cgrQ cGrJ xGu&f /
11/ (u) EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\ cufrokH;jzmjzpfonfh Oya'jyKa&;

tmPm? tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwdu Yk kd wwfEikd o
f rQ
ydik ;f jcm;ok;H pGjJ cif;ESifh tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSex f ed ;f ausmif;jcif;wdjYk yKonf?
( c ) xkdodkYydkif;jcm;xm;onfh EdkifiHawmftmPmokH;&yfudk jynfaxmifpk?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESihf ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;tm;
cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
12/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;

a'oBu;D vTwaf wmfEiS fh jynfe,fvw T af wmfrsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
udk,fydkiftk yfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkrsm;tm; þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'u
owfrw S af om Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfwiG f NrKd Ue,futdk ajccHívnf;aumif;? vlO;D a&ukd
tajccHívnf;aumif;? a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonfh vTwaf wmfwpf&yf?
wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS ukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonfh vTwfawmfwpf&yf[lí vTwfawmfESpf&yf
yg&Sod nf/
5
13. There shall be a Region Hluttaw in each of the seven Regions, and a State Hluttaw
in each of the seven States.
14. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaws and the State Hluttaws include the
Defence Services personnel as Hluttaw representatives nominated by the Commander-in-
Chief of the Defence Services in numbers stipulated by this Constitution.
15. For National races with suitable population, National races representatives are
entitled to participate in legislature of Regions or States and Self-Administered Areas
concerned.
16. The Head of the Union and the Head of Executive of the Union is the President.
17. (a) The executive power of the Union is shared among the Pyidaungsu, Regions
and States; Self-Administrative power shall be shared between Self-
Administered Areas as prescribed by this Constitution.
(b) In the executive of the Union, Regions, States, Union Territory, Self-
Administered Areas and districts, Defence Services personnel, nominated
by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to undertake
responsibilities of the defence, security, border administration, so forth, shall
be included.
(c) For National races of which representatives are so permitted to participate
in legislature of Regions, States or Self-Administered Areas in accord with
Section 15, such representatives are to be permitted to participate, mainly,
to undertake their National races affairs.
5
13/ wdkif;a'oBuD;(7)ckwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfwpf&yfpDESifh jynfe,f(7)
jynfe,fwiG f jynfe,fvw
T af wmfwpf&yfpD &So
d nf/
14/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmfEiS hf jynfe,fvw
T af wmfrsm;wGif
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfonhfOD;a&
twdik ;f wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onhf wyfrawmfom;rsm;
yg0ifonf/
15/ avsmu f efoifjh rwfaom vlO;D a&&So d nfh wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;twGuf oufqikd &f m
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpk Oya'jyKa&;wGif
xdw
k ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG &fh o
dS nf/
16/ Edik if aH wmftMu;D tuJEiS hf Edik if aH wmftyk cf sKyaf &;tBu;D tuJonf Ekid if aH wmfor®w
jzpfonf/
17/ (u) EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESihf

jynfe,frsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/ ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;tm;
ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyaf &;tmPmudk þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& owfrw S f
ay;onft h wdik ;f cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
(c) jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESihf jynfe,f? jynfaxmifpek ,fajr? uk, d yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpEk iS hf c½dik t f yk cf sKyaf &;wdw Yk iG f umuG,af &;? vkjH cKH a&;?
e,fpyftkyfcsKyfa&;ponfh wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmif&ef wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;
yg0ifonf?
(*) yk'fr 15 t& oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihf
ud,k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpOk ya'jyKa&;wGif ud, k pf m;vS,f yg0ifciG hf &&So d nhf
wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;jzpfvQif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihf
ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpk tkycf sKyaf &;wGif t"dutm;jzihf xkw d idk ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd;rsm;a&;&mudk aqmif&GufEdkifa&;twGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jfh yK&rnf/
6
18. (a) The judicial power of the Union is shared among the Supreme Court of the
Union, High Courts of the Regions, High Courts of the States and Courts of
different levels including Courts of Self-Administered Areas.
(b) There shall be one Supreme Court of the Union. The Supreme Court of the
Union is the highest Court of the Republic.
(c) The Supreme Court of the Union has powers to issue writs.
(d) A High Court of the Region or State is constituted in each Region or State.
19. The following are prescribed as judicial principles :

(a) to administer justice independently according to law;
(b) to dispense justice in open court unless otherwise prohibited by law;
(c) to guarantee in all cases the right of defence and the right of appeal under
law.
20. (a) The Defence Services is the sole patriotic defence force which is strong,
competent and modern.
(b) The Defence Services has the right to independently administer and adjudicate
all affairs of the armed forces.
(c) The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is the Supreme
Commander of all armed forces.
(d) The Defence Services has the right to administer for participation of the
entire people in Union security and defence.
(e) The Defence Services is mainly responsible for safeguarding the non-
disintegration of the Union, the non-disintegration of National solidarity and
the perpetuation of sovereignty.
(f) The Defence Services is mainly responsible for safeguarding the Constitution.
6
18/ (u) Edik if aH wmf\w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy?f
wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;? jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;ESihf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpkw&m;½kH;rsm; tygt0if tqifhqihfaom
w&m;½k;H rsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
(c) jynfaxmifpw k iG f jynfaxmifpwk &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw f pf&yf xm;&So d nf/
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EdkifiHawmf\tjrihfqkH; w&m;½kH;
jzpfonf?
(*) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw f iG f pmcReaf wmftrderYf sm; xkwyf ikd cf iG fh
tmPmrsm;&So d nf?
(C) wdkif;a'oBuD;wdkif;wGif wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf wpf&yfpD
vnf;aumif;? jynfe,fwdkif;wGif jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf wpf&yfpD
vnf;aumif; xm;&Sdonf/
19/ atmufygwdu
Yk kd w&m;pD&ifa&;rlrsm;tjzpf owfrw S of nf –
(u) Oya'ESit fh nD vGwvf yfpmG w&m;pD&ifa&;?
( c ) Oya't&uefo Y wfcsurf sm;rSty jynfoaYl &SUarSmufwiG f w&m;pD&ifa&;?
( * ) trIrsm;wGif Oya't& ckcaH csycGiEhf iS hf t,lcyH idk cf iG &hf &Sad &;/
20/ (u) wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifw h if;Ny;D pGr;f &nfxufjrufaom acwfrD

onfh wpfcw k nf;aom rsK;d cspw f yfrawmf jzpfonf?
( c ) wyfrawmfonf wyfydkif;qdkif&mudpötm;vHk;udk vGwfvyfpGmpDrHcefYcGJ
pD&ifaqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &So
d nf?
( * ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf vufeufudkifwyfzGJUtm;vHk;\
tBuD;tuJ jzpfonf?
(C) wyfrawmfonf Edik if aH wmfvjkH cKH a&;ESiu hf muG,af &;wGif jynfol wpf&yfv;kH
yg0ifa&;twGuf pDraH qmif&u G cf iG hf &Sod nf?
( i ) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wkdif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifh
tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
wyfrawmfwiG f t"duwm0ef &So d nf?
( p ) wyf r awmf o nf Ed k i f i H a wmf z G J U pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'ud k umuG , f
apmifah &Smuf&ef t"duwm0ef &So d nf/
7
21. (a) Every citizen shall enjoy the right of equality, the right of liberty and the right
of justice, as prescribed in this Constitution.
(b) No citizen shall be placed in custody for more than 24 hours without the
permission of a Court.
(c) Every citizen is responsible for public peace and tranquility and prevalence
of law and order.
(d) Necessary law shall be enacted to make citizens’ freedoms, rights, benefits,
responsibilities and restrictions effective, steadfast and complete.
22. The Union shall assist :

(a) to develop language, literature, fine arts and culture of the National races;
(b) to promote solidarity, mutual amity and respect and mutual assistance among
the National races;
(c) to promote socio-economic development including education, health,
economy, transport and communication, so forth, of less-developed National
races.
23. The Union shall :

(a) enact necessary laws to protect the rights of the peasants;
(b) assist peasants to obtain equitable value of their agricultural produce.
24. The Union shall enact necessary laws to protect the rights of workers.
25. The Union shall assist to promote the interests of the intellectuals and intelligentsia.
7
21/ (u) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;
onfh wef;wlnrD Qrt I cGit hf a&;? vGwv f yfrtI cGit hf a&;? w&m;rQwrI
tcGit hf a&;wdYk cHpm;cGihf &Sod nf?
(c) w&m;½H;k \ cGijhf yKcsurf &&Su d Edik if o
H m;wpfO;D udk 24 em&Dxuf ausmv f eG í
f
csKyaf ESmifxm;cGihf r&Sad p&?
(*) jynfolwkdY\ at;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;a&;wkdYonf
Edik if oH m;wdik ;f \wm0ef jzpfonf?
(C) EdkifiHom;rsm;\ vGwfvyfcGifh? vkyfydkifcGifh? cHpm;cGifh? wm0efESifh
wm;jrpfcsurf sm; xda&mufcikd rf mjynfph akH p&ef vdt k yfaomOya' jy|mef;
&rnf/
22/ Edik if aH wmfonf —

(u) wkdif;&if;om;rsm;\ pum;? pmay? tEkynm? ,Ofaus;rIwdkYudk
zGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufap&ef ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf?
( c ) wkdif;&if;om;tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;? cspfMunfav;pm;a&;ESifh
½dik ;f yif;ulnaD &;wdYk wd;k wufjzpfxeG ;f ap&ef ulnaD qmif&u
G rf nf?
( * ) wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;rIenf;yg;aeonfh wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;\ ynma&;? use;f rma&;?
pD;yGm;a&;? vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; ponfwkdYyg0ifaom vlrIpD;yGm;a&;
wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;twGuf ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf/
23/ Edik if aH wmfonf awmifov l ,form;rsm;\ -

(u) tcGit hf a&;rsm; umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef vdt k yfonfOh ya'rsm; jy|mef;
aqmif&u G rf nf?
( c ) pdu k yf sK;d xkwv f yk o
f nfh aumufyo
J ;D ESrH sm; oifw
h ifrh Qwonfh wefz;kd &&S&d ef
ulnaD qmif&u G rf nf/
24/ EdkifiHawmfonf tvkyform;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef

vdt
k yfonfOh ya'rsm; jy|mef;aqmif&u
G rf nf/
25/ Edik if aH wmfonf todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;\tusK;d udk ulnaD qmif&u

G f
rnf/
8
26. (a) Civil Services personnel shall be free from party politics.
(b) The Union shall enact necessary laws for Civil Services personnel to have
security and sufficiency of food, clothing and shelter, to get maternity benefits
for married women in service, and to ease livelihood for welfare of retired
Service personnel.
27. The Union shall assist development, consolidation and preservation of National
culture.

(a) earnestly strive to improve education and health of the people;
(b) enact the necessary law to enable National people to participate in matters
of their education and health;
(c) implement free, compulsory primary education system;
(d) implement a modern education system that will promote all-around correct
thinking and a good moral character contributing towards the building of the
Nation.
29. The Union shall provide inputs, such as technology, investments, machinery, raw
materials, so forth, to the extent possible for changeover from manual to mechanized
agriculture.
30. The Union shall provide inputs, such as technology, investments, machinery, raw
materials, so forth, to the extent possible, for development of industries.
31. The Union shall, to the extent possible, assist to reduce unemployment among the
people.
8
26/ (u) Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;onf ygwDEikd if aH &;ESihf uif;&Si;f &rnf?
(c) EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;\ vkyfief;cGiftmrcHcsuf&&Sda&;?
pm;0wfaerIzv l akH &;? tdraf xmif&iS t
f rsK;d orD;0efxrf;rsm; rD;zGm;jcif;qdik &f m
tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&Sda&;ESifh tNidrf;pm;0efxrf;rsm; pm;0wfaerI oufom
acsmifcsad &;wdt Yk wGuf vdt k yfonfOh ya'rsm; jy|mef;&rnf/
27/ EdkifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufckdifrma&;ESifh apmifha&Smuf

xde;f odr;f a&;twGuf ulnaD qmif&u
G rf nf/

(u) jynfolrsm;\ ynma&;ESifhusef;rma&; wdk;wufapa&;wdkYtwGuf
tav;xm;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( c ) jynforl sm;\ ynma&;ESiu hf se;f rma&;wdw
Yk iG f wdik ;f &if;om;jynforl sm;u
yg0ifaqmif½f u
G Ef ikd &f ef vdtk yfrnfOh ya' jy|mef;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( * ) tcrJrh oifrae& rlvwef;ynma&;pepf azmfaqmif&rnf?
(C) bufpHktawG;tac: t,ltqrSefuefí tusihfpm&dwåaumif;rGefNyD;
EdkifiHawmfwnfaqmufa&;twGuf tusKd;jyKrnfh acwfrDynma&;pepf
azmfaqmif&rnf/
29/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vufrv I ,f,mrSpufrv

I ,f,modYk ul;ajymif;Ekid &f ef enf;ynm?
t&if;tES;D ? pufypön;f ? ukeMf urf; tp&So
d nfwuYkd kd twwfEikd q
f ;kH jznfq
h nf;&rnf/
30/ Ekid if aH wmfonf pufrv

I ufrv
I yk if ef;rsm; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;twGuf vdt
k yfonfh
enf;ynm? t&if;tESD;? pufypönf;? ukefMurf; tp&SdonfwdkYudk twwfEdkifqHk;
jznfq
h nf;&rnf/
31/ EkdifiHawmfonf jynfolrsm; tvkyfvufrJhenf;yg;ap&ef wwfEdkiforQ ulnD

aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
9
(a) care for mothers and children, orphans, fallen Defence Services personnel’s
children, the aged and the disabled;
(b) ensure disabled ex-Defence Services personnel a decent living and free
vocational training.
33. The Union shall strive for youth to have strong and dynamic patriotic spirit, the
correct way of thinking and to develop the five noble strengths.
34. Every citizen is equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to freely
profess and practise religion subject to public order, morality or health and to the other
provisions of this Constitution.
35. The economic system of the Union is market economy system.

(a) permit all economic forces such as the State, regional organizations, co-
operatives, joint-ventures, private individual, so forth, to take part in
economic activities for the development of National economy;
(b) protect and prevent acts that injure public interests through monopolization
or manipulation of prices by an individual or group with intent to endanger
fair competition in economic activities;
(c) strive to improve the living standards of the people and development of
investments;
9
(u) rdcifEiS u fh av;oli,frsm;? rdbrJu h av;rsm;? usq;kH aomwyfrawmfom;
rsm;\ uav;rsm;? tdkrif;rpGrf;olrsm;? roefrpGrf;olrsm;tm; Munfh½I
apmihaf &Smuf&rnf?
( c ) roefrpGr;f jzpfvmaom wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm; oihw f ifah vsmufywfpmG
aexdkifpm;aomufEkdifap&efESihf toufarG;ynmudk tcvGwfoif,l
Ekid af p&ef pDraH qmif&u
G &f rnf/
33/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vli,frsm; rsK;d csppf w d "f mwf &Sio

f efxufjrufa&;? tawG;tac:
rSeu
f efa&;ESifh Avig;wef wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;wdt Yk wGuf aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
34/ Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYudk,fusihfw&m;ESifhaomf

vnf;aumif;? jynfolYusef;rma&;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? þzJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg
tjcm;jy|mef;csuwf EYkd iS afh omfvnf;aumif; rqefuY siv f Qif Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf bmom
omoema&;wGif vGwfvyfpGm,lqEkdifaom tcGihfta&;? vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,f
aqmufwnfEidk af om tcGit fh a&;wdu
Yk kd tnDtrQ&&Sad p&rnf/
35/ Ekid if aH wmf\pD;yGm;a&;pepfonf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf jzpfonf/
36/ Ekid if aH wmfonf -

(u) trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&; wdk;wufzGUHNzdK;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmf? a'oqdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? or0g,rtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? zufpyftzGJUtpnf;rsm;?
yk*v
¾ u
d ponfh pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;pktm;vH;k udk pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG jhf yKonf?
( c ) pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif w&m;ojzifh,SOfNydKifjcif;udk ysufjym;ap&ef
wpfOD;wpfa,mufujzpfap? tpktzJGUujzpfap vuf0g;BuD;tkyf
aqmif&GufrI odkYr[kwf aps;upm;rIjyKjcif;jzifh trsm;jynfolwdkY\
tusK;d pD;yGm;udk xdcu kd ef pfemapjcif;rS wm;qD;umuG,rf nf?
( * ) trsm;jynfolwdkY\ aexdkifrItqifhtwef;jr§ifhwifa&;ESihf taxGaxG
t&if;tES;D rsm; wd;k wufzUHG NzKd ;a&;wdu Yk kd a&S;½Iaqmif&u
G rf nf?
10
(d) not nationalize economic enterprises;
(e) not demonetize the currency legally in circulation.
37. The Union :

(a) is the ultimate owner of all lands and all natural resources above and below
the ground, above and beneath the water and in the atmosphere in the
Union;
(b) shall enact necessary law to supervise extraction and utilization of State-
owned natural resources by economic forces;
(c) shall permit citizens right of private property, right of inheritance, right of
private initiative and patent in accord with the law.
38. (a) Every citizen shall have the right to elect and be elected in accord with the
law.
(b) Electorate concerned shall have the right to recall elected people’s
representatives in accord with the provisions of this Constitution.
39. The Union shall enact necessary law to systematically form political parties for
flourishing of a genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system.
40. (a) If there arises a state of emergency characterized by inability to perform

executive functions in accord with the provisions of the Constitution in a
Region or a State or a Self-Administered Area, the President is empowered
to exercise executive power in that Region, State or Self-Administered
Area and, if necessary in doing so, the President is empowered to exercise
10
(C) pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;udk Edik if yH ikd o
f rd ;f ,ljcif;rjyK?
(i) w&m;0ifxkwfa0xm;aom aiGaMu;udk w&m;r0ifaiGaMu;tjzpf
owfrw S jf cif;rjyK/

(u) Ekid if aH wmf&dS ajrtm;vH;k ? ajray:ajratmuf? a&ay:a&atmuf ESihf avxk
twGi;f &Sd o,HZmwypön;f tm;vH;k \ yif&if;ydik &f iS f jzpfonf?
( c ) EdkifiHydkifo,HZmwypönf;rsm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;tiftm;pkrsm;u xkwf,l
ok;H pGjJ cif;udk uGyu f BJ u;D MuyfEikd &f ef vdt k yfonfOh ya' jy|mef;&rnf?
( * ) Edik if o H m;rsm;tm; ypön;f ydik q f ikd cf iG ?hf tarGqufccH iG ?hf ud,
k yf ikd v
f yk u
f ikd cf iG ?hf
wDxiG cf iG Ehf iS hf rlyikd cf iG w
hf u
Ydk kd Oya'jy|mef;csuEf iS t hf nD cGijhf yK&rnf/
38/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifhESifh

a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG hf &So d nf?
( c ) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;aom jynfoUl ud, k pf m;vS,u
f kd oufqikd &f m
rJqE´&iS rf sm;u þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;csurf sm;ESihf tnD
wm0efrjS yefvnf½yk o f rd ;f cGihf &So
d nf/
39/ Ed k i f i H a wmf o nf ppf r S e f í pnf ; urf ; jynf h 0 aom ygwD p H k ' D r d k u a&pD p epf
xGef;um;a&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;udk pepfwuszGJUpnf;Edkif&ef vdktyfonfhOya'
jy|mef;aqmif&u G &f rnf/
40/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkif

tkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap? tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk
þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&uG Ef ikd jf cif;
r&Sdonfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif EdkifiHawmfor®wonf
xdkwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpk\
tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&mtcGifhtmPmudk okH;pGJaqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xdkodkY
aqmif&Guf&mü vdktyfvQif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f okdYr[kwf
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpEk iS hf oufqikd o
f nfh Oya'jyKtcGit
hf mPmrsm;udk
11
legislative powers concerning that Region, State or Self-Administered Area
in accord with the provisions of this Constitution.
(b) If there arises or there is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency
endangering life and property of the people in a Region, State or Self-
Administered Area, the Defence Services has the right, in accord with the
provisions of this Constitution, to prevent that danger and provide
protection.
(c) If there arises a state of emergency that could cause disintegration of the
Union, disintegration of national solidarity and loss of sovereign power or
attempts therefore by wrongful forcible means such as insurgency or
violence, the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has the right
to take over and exercise State sovereign power in accord with the
provisions of this Constitution.
41. The Union practises independent, active and non-aligned foreign policy aimed at
world peace and friendly relations with nations and upholds the principles of peaceful co-
existence among nations.
42. (a) The Union shall not commence aggression against any nation.
(b) No foreign troops shall be permitted to be deployed in the territory of the
Union.
43. No Penal law shall be enacted to provide retrospective effect.
44. No penalty shall be prescribed that violates human dignity.
45. The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.

11
þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD Edik if aH wmf
or®wu ok;H pGaJ qmif&u G cf iG fh &So
d nf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkif
tkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap? jynfolrsm;\ touftdk;tdrf
pnf;pdru f kd xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif
odrYk [kwf ay:ayguf&ef vkaH vmufaomtaMumif;&Sv d Qif xdt k EÅ&m,fukd
wyfrawmfonf þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;csuf
rsm;ESit hf nD wm;qD;umuG,af pmifah &SmufciG hf &So d nf?
( * ) EdkifiHawmf\ tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk qlylaomif;usef;rI? tMurf;zufrI
paom t"r®enf;jzifh &,l&efaqmif&Gufjcif;? odkYr[kwf BudK;yrf;
tm;xkwfjcif;aMumifh jynfaxmifpkNydKuGJaprnfh? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;
nDñGwfrINydKuGJaprnfh odkYr[kwf tcsKyftjcmtmPm vufvGwfqkH;½IH;
aprnhf ta&;ay:tajctaeay:aygufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;
OD;pD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmftmPmudk þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif
owfrw S jf y|mef;csurf sm;ESithf nD &,lo;Hk pGcJ iG hf &So
d nf/
41/ EdkifiHawmfonf vGwfvyfíwuf<uNyD; buffrvdkufaom EdkifiHjcm;a&;0g'udk

usio hf ;Hk onf/ urÇmNh ird ;f csr;f a&;ESihf Edik if t
H csi;f csi;f rdw0f wfrysuaf ygif;zuf qufqaH &;
udak &S;½Ionf/ Edik if t
H csi;f csi;f Nird ;f csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f aJG exdik af &;rlrsm;udk apmifx
h ed ;f onf/
42/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf rnfonfEh ikd if u

H rdk Q pwifusL;ausmw f ukd cf u kd jf cif;rjyK?
(c) Edik if aH wmftwGi;f rnfonfEh ikd if jH cm;wyfzUJG udrk Q wyfcsciG rhf jyK/
43/ rnfonfhjypfrIqdkif&mOya'rQ aemufaMumif;jyeftmPm oufa&mufap&ef

jy|mef;cGihf r&Sad p&/
44/ vlo
Y u
d m© ndK§ ;EGr;f ao;odraf ponfh jypf'Pfjy|mef;cGihf r&Sad p&/
45/ Edik if aH wmfonf obm0ywf0ef;usiu

f kd umuG,x
f ed ;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&rnf/
12
46. A Constitutional Tribunal shall be set up to interpret the provisions of the Constitution,
to scrutinize whether or not laws enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaws
and the State Hluttaws and functions of executive authorities of Pyidaungsu, Regions,
States and Self-Administered Areas are in conformity with the Constitution, to decide on
disputes relating to the Constitution between Pyidaungsu and Regions, between Pyidaungsu
and States, among Regions, among States, and between Regions or States and Self-
Administered Areas and among Self-Administered Areas themselves, and to perform other
duties prescribed in this Constitution.
47. The Basic Principles set forth in this Chapter, and Chapter 8, Citizen, Fundamental
Rights, and Duties of the Citizen, the term “Union” means person or body exercising the
legislative or executive authority of the Union under this Constitution according as the
context may require.
48. The Basic Principles of the Union shall be the guidance in enacting laws by legislature
and in interpreting the provisions of this Constitution and other laws.
12
46/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkjcif;?
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmfrsm;ESifh jynfe,fvTwfawmfrsm;u
jy|mef;onfh Oya'rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;
ESihf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;\ tkycf sKyrf q
I ikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;\ aqmif&u G cf suf
rsm;onfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh nDñGwfrI&Sd?r&Sdpdppfjcif;?
jynfaxmifpEk iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D tMum;? jynfaxmifpEk iS hf jynfe,ftMum;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fEiS hf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpktMum;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk Mum;emqH;k jzwfjcif;ESihf þzGUJ pnf;yHk tajccHOya'u
tyfESif;onfh tjcm;wm0efrsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYudk jyKEdkif&ef EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH wpf½;kH udk zGUJ pnf;&rnf/
47/ þtcef;ygtajccHrlrsm;ESifh tcef;(8)? EdkifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlv

tcGithf a&;ESiw
hf m0efrsm; tcef;wGiyf g&Sad om ]]Edik if aH wmf}} qdo
k nfrmS a&SUaemuf pum;&yf
wdkY\ t"dyÜm,fudkaxmufí þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& Oya'jyKrItcGifhtmPmudk
aomfvnf;aumif;? tkyfcsKyfrItcGifhtmPmudkaomfvnf;aumif; usifhoHk;aom
tzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf yk*¾dKvfudkqdkvdkonf/
48/ EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;onf Oya'jyKvTwfawmfrsm;u Oya'jy|mef;&mwGif

vnf;aumif;? þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh tjcm;Oya'rsm;yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk
oufqdkif&mu teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mwGifvnf;aumif; vdkufem&rnfhvrf;ñTefrsm;
jzpfonf/
Chapter II
State Structure
tcef; (2)
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH
Chapter II
State Structure
49. The Union is delineated and constituted by seven Regions, seven States and the
Union territories as follows :
(a) Kachin State;
(b) Kayah State;
(c) Kayin State;
(d) Chin State;
(e) Sagaing Region;
(f) Taninthayi Region;
(g) Bago Region;
(h) Magway Region;
(i) Mandalay Region;
(j) Mon State;
(k) Rakhine State;
(l) Yangon Region;
(m) Shan State;
(n) Ayeyawady Region; and
(o) Union territories.
50. (a) Nay Pyi Taw, the capital of the Union, prescribed as Union territory, shall be
under the direct administration of the President.
tcef; (2)
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufykH
49/ Edik if aH wmfukd atmufygwdik ;f a'oBu;D (7)ck? jynfe,f(7)jynfe,fEiS fh jynfaxmifpk

e,fajrrsm;jzihf ydik ;f jcm;owfrw S o
f nf -
(u) ucsijf ynfe,f?
( c ) u,m;jynfe,f?
( * ) u&ifjynfe,f?
(C) csi;f jynfe,f?
( i ) ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
( p ) weoFm&Dwikd ;f a'oBu;D ?
(q) yJc;l wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
( Z ) rauG;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
(ps) rEÅav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D ?
(n) rGejf ynfe,f?
( # ) &cdik jf ynfe,f?
( X ) &efuek w f ikd ;f a'oBu;D ?
( ! ) &Sr;f jynfe,f?
( ¡ ) {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBu;D ESifh
(P) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;/
50/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\NrdKUawmfjzpfonhf aejynfawmfudk EdkifiHawmfor®w\

wdkuf½dkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifxm;&Sdonhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpf
owfrw S o
f nf?
14
(b) If there arises a need to specify areas that have special situations concerning
national defence, security, administration and economy, so forth, those areas
may be prescribed as Union territories under the direct administration of the
President after enacting law.
51. The Union is constituted as follows :

(a) villages are organized as village-tract;
(b) wards are organized as town or township;
(c) village-tracts and wards or towns are organized as township;
(d) townships are organized as district;
(e) districts are organized as Region or State;
(f) townships in a Self-Administered Zone are organized as Self-Administered
Zone;
(g) townships in a Self-Administered Division are organized as District and such
Districts are organized as Self-Administered Division;
(h) If there are Self-Administrated Zone or Self-Administered Division in a
Region or a State, those Self-Administered Divisions, Self-Administered
Zones and Districts are organized as Region or State;
(i) Regions, States and Union territories are organized as the Republic.
52. (a) If there arises a need to re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Union,
the President shall firstly intimate the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to ask
for the opinion of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
14
(c) EdkifiHawmf umuG,fa&;? vkHNcKHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ponfwdkYESihf
pyfvsOf;NyD; xl;jcm;aomtajctae&Sdonhfe,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrtjzpf owfrw S &f efvt
kd yfvQif Oya'jy|mef;Ny;D Edik if aH wmfor®w\
wdkuf½dkuftkyfcsKyfrIatmufwGifxm;&Sdonhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrtjzpf
owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf/
51/ EdkifiHawmfudk atmufygtwkdkif; pkpnf;onf -

(u) aus;&Gmrsm;udk aus;&Gmtkypf t k jzpf pkpnf;onf?
( c ) &yfuu G rf sm;udk NrKd U odrYk [kwf NrKd Ue,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?
(*) aus;&Gmtkypf Ek iS &fh yfuu G rf sm; odrYk [kwf NrKd Ursm;udk NrKd Ue,ftjzpfppk nf;onf?
(C) NrKd Ue,frsm;udk c½dik t f jzpf pkpnf;onf?
( i ) c½dik rf sm;udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odUk r[kwf jynfe,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?
( p ) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'owGif xdak 'otwGi;f &Sd NrKd Ue,frsm;udk ud, k yf ikd f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'otjzpf pkpnf;onf?
(q) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f wGif xdw k ikd ;f twGi;f &Sd NrKd Ue,frsm;udk c½dik tf jzpf
pkpnf;Ny;D ,if;c½dik rf sm;udk ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f tjzpf pkpnf;onf?
( Z ) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfck odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwpfe,fwGif udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o&Sdygu udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyf
cGihf&wdkif;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oESihf c½dkifrsm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD;
odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftjzpf pkpnf;onf?
(ps) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
tjzpf pkpnf;onf/
52/ (u) EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwfudk jyifqifowfrSwf&ef vdktyfygu EdkifiHawmf

or®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftBu;D trSL;xH Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w
d f
jyifqifowfrw S af &;twGuf jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ oabmxm;udk
&,lay;yg&ef yxrOD;pGm taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
15
(b) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Htuttaw, after receiving the intimation of the
President, shall obtain the opinion of the Hluttaw representatives as follows :
(i) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives
in the Hluttaw, elected in equal numbers from Regions and States;
(ii) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives
in the Hluttaw, elected as representatives on the basis of township as
well as population;
(iii) assenting votes of more than half of the total number of representatives
of the two Hluttaws from the Region or State involved in the boundary
concerned.
(c) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after obtaining the assenting votes as
mentioned above, shall inform the President for re-delineating the territorial
boundary of the Union as necessary.
(d) In accord with the above-mentioned procedures, if either of the Hluttaws,
or representatives from the Region or State involved in the territorial boundary
concerned resolve against re-delineation, the opinion of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw shall be obtained. If three-fourths and above of the total number of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives cast assenting votes, the Head of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall inform the President to re-delineate the territorial
boundary as necessary.
15
(c) EdkifiHawmfe,fedrdwf jyifqifowfrSwfa&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfor®w\
taMumif;Mum;pm &&So d nft h cg jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftBu;D trSL;onf
atmufygtwdkif; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\qEúdk &,l&rnf -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;ESijfh ynfe,frsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&wlnpD mG
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onhf vTwfawmfwGif yg&Sdaom
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´r?J
(2) NrdKUe,fudk tajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udk tajccHí
vnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onhf vTwfawmfwGif
yg&Sdaom udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcHqE´rJ?
(3) xdv k w T af wmfEpS &f yf&dS oufqikd &f m e,ferd w d Ef iS t fh usK;H 0ifaom
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frS vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\
xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´r/J
( * ) txufygtwdik ;f axmufcq H E´rJ toD;oD;&&Svd Qif Edik if aH wmf e,ferd w d uf kd
vdt k yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S af y;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftBu;D trSL;
u Edik if aH wmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(C) txuf y gowf r S w f x m;aom enf ; vrf ; rsm;ES i h f t nD vT w f a wmf
wpf&yf&yfujzpfap? xdkvTwfawmfESpf&yf&Sd oufqdkif&me,fedrdwfESihf
tusKH ; 0if a om wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f r S v T w f a wmf
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ujzpfap e,fedrdwfjyifqifa&;ESihf pyfvsOf;NyD;
oabmrwlaMumif; qk;H jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmxm;
udk&,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygif;\ av;yko H ;Hk ykEH iS t
fh xufu axmufcv H Qif Edik if aH wmfe,ferd w d uf kd
vdt k yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S af y;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmftBu;D trSL;
u Edik if aH wmfor®wxH taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
16
(e) The President shall take necessary measures for re-delineation of the
territorial boundary of the Union, as necessary, after obtaining the opinion of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
53. (a) If there arises a cause to re-delineate the territorial boundary of a Region or
a State, the prior consent of the electorate residing within the township
concerned shall be obtained.
(b) In obtaining consent, re-delineation of the territorial boundary shall not be
executed at all in the absence of assenting votes of more than half of the total
number of the electorate residing within the township concerned.
(c) If more than half of the total number of eligible voters residing within the
township concerned cast assenting vote for re-delineation of the territorial
boundary, the consent of the Hluttaw representatives of the Region or State
involved in the territorial boundary concerned shall be obtained.
(d) The President shall re-delineate the territorial boundary of the Region or
State concerned with the consent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after obtaining
the assenting votes of three-fourths and above of the total number of
representatives from the Region or the State concerned.
(e) The resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be obtained if a Region
Hluttaw or a State Hluttaw concerned decided against re-delineation of the
territorial boundary.
(f) The President shall, as necessary, re-delineate the territorial boundary of a
Region or a State if three-fourths and above of the total number of
representatives in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw assent to the re-delineation of the
territorial boundary.
16
(i) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmxm;udk &&Sdonhftcg EdkifiHawmf
e,fedrdwf jyifqifowfrSwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfor®wu
vdt
k yfovdk aqmif&uG &f rnf/
53/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,fedrdwfudk jyifqif

owfrw S &f ef taMumif;ay:aygufvmygu ,if;e,ferd w d Ef iS fh tusK;H 0if
onhf NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexdkifMuaom qE´rJay;ydkifcGihf&Sdolrsm;\
qEóabmxm;udk OD;pGmyxr&,l&rnf?
(c) ,if;odkY&,lonhftcg ,if;NrdKUe,ftwGif; aexdkifMuonhf qE´rJ
ay;ydik cf iG &fh odS Ol ;D a& pkpak ygif;\ xuf0ufausmf axmufcq H E´rrJ &vQif
,if;e,ferd w d f jyifqifowfrw S jf cif;udk aqmif&u G jf cif; vk;H 0rjyK&?
(*) ,if;NrKd Ue,ftwGi;f aexdik Mf uaomqE´rJ ay;ydik cf iG &fh o dS Ol ;D a&pkpak ygif;\
xuf0ufausmu f e,ferd w d jf yifqifoihaf Mumif; axmufcq H E´raJ y;vQif
,if;e,ferd w d Ef iS fh tusK;H 0ifonhf oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ qE´&,l&rnf?
(C) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygif;\ av;yko H ;Hk ykEH iS tfh xuf axmufcq H E´r&J &Sv d Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD suu f &kd ,lNy;D Edik if aH wmfor®wu wdik ;f a'o
Bu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwpfe,f\ e,ferd w d u
f kd jyifqifowfrw S af y;&rnf?
(i) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf wpf&yf&yfu
e,fedrdwfjyifqif&ef oabmrwlaMumif; qkH;jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ tqkH;tjzwfudk &,l&rnf?
(p) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ av;ykHokH;ykHESihf
txufu e,fedrdwfjyifqifoihfaMumif; axmufcHqE´rJay;vQif
EdkifiHawmfor®wu wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\e,fedrdwfudk
vdt k yfovdk jyifqifowfrw S af y;&rnf/
17
54. Where there arises a situation to alter or form the territorial boundary or change
the name of a village, village-tract, ward, town, township or district of a Region, State,
Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned, the President shall act,
as necessary, upon the recommendation of the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned.
55. If it is desired to change the name of a Self-Administered Division or Self-
Administered Zone, the same procedure shall be applied as in the case of changing the
name of a Region or State.
56. The Self-Administered Divisions and Self-Administered Zones are delineated as
follows :
(a) grouping Leshi, Lahe and Namyun townships in Sagaing Division as Naga
Self-Administered Zone;
(b) grouping Ywangan and Pindaya townships in Shan State as Danu Self-
Administered Zone;
(c) grouping HoPong, HsiHseng and Pinlaung townships in Shan State as Pa-O
Self-Administered Zone;
(d) grouping Namhsan and Manton townships in Shan State as Pa Laung Self-
Administered Zone;
(e) grouping Konkyan and Laukkai townships in Shan State as Kokang Self-
Administered Zone;
17
54/ oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf
ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'otwGi;f ü&Sad om aus;&Gm? aus;&Gmtkypf ?k &yfuu
G ?f NrKd U? NrKd Ue,f
odkYr[kwf c½dkife,fedrdwfrsm; jyifqif&ef? zGJUpnf;&ef odkYr[kwf trnfajymif;vJ&ef
ay:aygufvQif oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu
Edik if aH wmfor®wxH axmufcw H ifjyNy;D Edik if aH wmfor®wu vdt
k yfovdk aqmif&u G af y;
&rnf/
55/ ud, k yf ikd t

f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f wpfcck \
k trnfujkd zpfap? ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
wpfcck \k trnfujkd zpfap ajymif;vJowfrw S v
f v
kd Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcck \ k trnfukd
jzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fe,f\ trnfujkd zpfap ajymif;vJowfrw S of nhf enf;vrf;twdik ;f
ajymif;vJowfrw S &f rnf/
56/ uk, d yf idk t

f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f ESihf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'orsm;ukd atmufygtwkid ;f
owfrSwfonf -
(u) ppfudkif;wdkif;&Sd av&SD;NrdKUe,f? v[,fNrdKUe,fESihf eef;,Gef;NrdKUe,fwdkYudk
pkpnf;Ny;D em*ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
( c ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd &GmiHNrdKUe,fESihf yif;w,NrdKUe,fwdkYudk pkpnf;NyD;
"Eku, kd yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
( * ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd [kdykef;NrdKUe,f? qDqdkifNrdKUe,fESihf yifavmif;NrdKUe,fwdkYudk
pkpnf;Ny;D ytd0k ;f ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
(C) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd erhfqefNrdKUe,fESihf refwkHNrdKUe,fwdkYudk pkpnf;NyD; yavmif
ud,k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
( i ) &Srf;jynfe,f&Sd ukef;Murf;NrdKUe,fESihf avmufudkifNrdKUe,fwdkYudk pkpnf;NyD;
ud;k uefu Y , kd yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o?
18
(f) grouping six townships – Hopang, Mongma, Panwai, Nahpan, Metman and
Pangsang (Pankham) townships in Shan State as two districts which are
forged into ‘Wa’ Self-Administered Division.

18
(p) &Sr;f jynfe,f&dS [dyk efNrKd Ue,f? rdik ;f armNrKd Ue,f? yef0ikd Nf rKd Ue,f? em;zef;NrKd Ue,f?
rufref;NrdKUe,fESihf yefqef;(yef;crf;)NrdKUe,f ajcmufNrdKUe,f wdkYudk c½dkif
ESpcf ½dik zf UJG Ny;D ]]0}} ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f /
Chapter III
Head of State
tcef; (3)
EdkifiHawmf tBuD;tuJ
Chapter III
The President and Vice-Presidents
57. The President and Vice-Presidents represent the Union.
58. The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar takes precedence over
all other persons throughout the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
59. Qualifications of the President and Vice-Presidents are as follows :
(a) shall be loyal to the Union and its citizens;
(b) shall be a citizen of Myanmar who was born of both parents who were born
in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Union and being Myanmar
Nationals;
(c) shall be an elected person who has attained at least the age of 45;
(d) shall be well acquainted with the affairs of the Union such as political,
administrative, economic and military;
(e) shall be a person who has resided continuously in the Union for at least 20
years up to the time of his election as President;
Proviso: An official period of stay in a foreign country with the permission of

the Union shall be counted as a residing period in the Union;
(f) shall he himself, one of the parents, the spouse, one of the legitimate children
or their spouses not owe allegiance to a foreign power, not be subject of a
tcef; (3)
EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;
57/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESihf 'kw,

d or®wrsm;onf Edik if aH wmfukd ud,
k pf m;jyKonf/
58/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf wpf0ef;vkH;wGif

Edik if o
H m;tm;vk;H \ txGwt
f xdyaf e&m &&So
d nf/
59/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;\ t&nftcsi;f rsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f

jzpfonf -
(u) Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if oH m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d l jzpf&rnf?
( c ) rdrdESihfrdrd\rdbESpfyg;vkH; EdkifiHawmf\tmPm ydkifeuftwGif;ü
arG;zGm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;rSjzpfonhf jrefrmEdik if o H m; jzpf&rnf?
( * ) a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufjcif;cH&olonf tenf;qk;H touf 45 ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol
jzpf&rnf?
(C) EdkifiHawmfta&;t&mrsm;jzpfaom EdkifiHa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
ppfa&;ponhf tjrifrsm;&S&d rnf?
( i ) or®wtjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufcH&onhf tcsdefESihfwpfqufwnf;
tenf;qk;H tESpf 20 Edik if aH wmfwiG f tajccsaexdik cf o hJ jl zpf&rnf?
>cif;csu/f Edik if aH wmf\cGijhf yKcsujf zifh Edik if jH cm;odYk w&m;0ifomG ;a&mufonfh
umvrsm;udv k nf; Edik if aH wmfwiG f tajccsaexdik cf o hJ nfh umv
tjzpf xnfo h iG ;f a&wGu&f rnf/
( p ) rdru d ,kd w
f ikd af omfvnf;aumif;? rdr\ d rdb wpfyg;yg; aomfvnf;aumif;?
rdrd\ZeD; odkYr[kwf cifyGef;aomfvnf;aumif;? rdrd\ w&m;0if
om;orD;wpfO;D OD;aomfvnf;aumif;? xdw k &m;0ifom;orD;wpfO;D OD;\ ZeD;
20
foreign power or citizen of a foreign country. They shall not be persons
entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government
or citizen of a foreign country;
(g) shall possess prescribed qualifications of the President, in addition to
qualifications prescribed to stand for election to the Hluttaw.
60. (a) The President shall be elected by the Presidential Electoral College.
(b) The Presidential Electoral College shall be formed with three groups of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives as follows :
(i) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw with
an equal number of representatives elected from Regions and States;
(ii) group formed with elected Hluttaw representatives in the Hluttaw
elected on the basis of township and population;
(iii) group formed with the Defence Services personnel Hluttaw
representatives nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services for the said two Hluttaws.
(c) Each group shall elect a Vice-President from among the Hluttaw
representatives or from among persons who are not Hluttaw representatives.

20
odrYk [kwf cifyeG ;f aomfvnf;aumif; Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ aus;Zl;opömawmf
udk cH,al pmihaf &Smuf½akd ool odrYk [kwf Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ vufatmufcH
jzpfol odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wpfyg;\ Edik if o
H m;jzpforl sm; rjzpfap&? xdo k rl sm;
onf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&\ vufatmufcHjzpfolaomfvnf;aumif;?
wdkif;wpfyg;\ EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGihfta&;
rsm;ESifh aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirfh sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &fh o
dS rl sm; rjzpfap&?
(q) vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJü a&G;aumufwifajr§muf cHydkifcGihftwGuf
owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;tjyif EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGuf
oD;jcm;owfrw S x f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESiv fh nf; jynfph &Hk rnf/
60/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wudk or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUjzihf a&G;cs,f

wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(c) or®wa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufa&;tzGJUudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfudk,fpm;
vS,t f pktzGUJ oH;k zGUJ jzifh atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;ESifh jynfe,frsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf vTwaf wmf&dS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
jcif;cH&aom vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzGUJ ?
(2) NrdKUe,fudktajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&udktajccHí vnf;
aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhfvTwfawmf&Sd a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufjcif;cH&onhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzGUJ ?
(3) azmfjyygvTwaf wmfEpS &f yftwGuf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
utrnf p m&if ; wif o G i f ; onh f wyf r awmf o m;vT w f a wmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;tpktzGUJ /
(*) ,if;tpktzGUJ wpfzUJG pDu'kw, d or®wwpfO;D pDukd vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;xJrSjzpfap? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJrS jzpfap
a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf&rnf?
21
(d) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and a Body comprising the Heads and Deputy
Heads of the two Hluttaws in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall scrutinize whether
or not the Vice-Presidents possess the qualifications prescribed for the
President.
(e) The Presidential Electoral College comprising all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
representatives shall elect by vote one of the three Vice-Presidents who are
Presidential candidates, as the President.
(f) Necessary law shall be enacted for the election of President and Vice-
Presidents.
61. (a) The term of office of the President or the Vice-Presidents is five years.
(b) After the expiry of the incumbent term, the President and the Vice-Presidents
shall continue their duties until the time the new President is duly elected.
(c) The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not serve more than two terms.
(d) An interim period to serve as the President or the Vice-President shall not
be counted as one term of office.
(e) If a vacancy is filled for the President or the Vice-President for any reason,
the term of office of the new President or the new Vice-President shall be up
to the expiry of the original term of office.
62. The President or the Vice-Presidents shall not be representative of any Hluttaw.
63. If the President or the Vice-Presidents are Hluttaw representatives, they shall be
deemed to have resigned from their seats in that Hluttaw, and if the President or the Vice-
21
(C) 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtwGuf owfrSwfxm;onfh
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynhfpkHjcif;&Sd?r&Sdudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfESihf
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f yg0ifaom vTwaf wmfEpS &f yf\ tBu;D trSL;
rsm;ESifh 'kw, d tBu;D trSL;rsm; yg0ifonht f zGUJ u pdppf&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f tm;vk;H yg0ifaom or®wa&G;cs,f
wifajr§mufa&;tzGJUu EdkifiHawmfor®wavmif;rsm;jzpfonhf 'kwd,
or®woHk;OD;teuf rdrdwdkYBudKufESpfoufonhf 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;udk
Edik if aH wmfor®wtjzpf qE´raJ y; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(p) xdo k Ykd Edik if aH wmfor®wESihf 'kw, d or®wrsm; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufEikd &f ef
vdt k yfonhOf ya'udk jy|mef;ay;&rnf/
61/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wwdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf

ig;ESpf jzpfonf?
( c ) ,if;&mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk onht f cg Edik if aH wmfor®wtopf a&G;cs,f
wifajr§mufNyD;onhf tcsdeftxd EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;
onf rdrw d \Ykd vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?
( * ) EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf &mxl;oufwrf; ESpfBudrf
xufyí kd xrf;aqmifjcif;rjyK&?
(C) EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtjzpf Mum;jzwfwm0ef,l&
onhu f mvudk &mxl;oufwrf;wpfc[ k k rowfrw S &f ?
( i ) taMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumihf EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®w
&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfonhftwGuf tpm;xdk;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufygu
,if;Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw k ,d or®wtopf\ &mxl;oufwrf;
onf rlv&mxl;oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
62/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf rnfonhfvTwfawmf

uk,
d pf m;vS,rf Q rjzpfap&/
63/ EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

jzpfvQif vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrSvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif EdkifiHh
22
Presidents are the Civil Services personnel, they shall be deemed to have resigned or
retired from their offices from the day of their election.
64. If the President or the Vice-Presidents are members of a political party, they shall
not take part in its party activities during their term of office from the day of their election.
65. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall make an affirmation as follows:
“I ........... do solemnly and sincerely promise and declare that I will be loyal to the
Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the citizens and hold always in esteem
non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and
perpetuation of sovereignty.
I will uphold and abide by the Constitution and its Laws. I will carry out the
responsibilities uprightly to the best of my ability and strive for further flourishing
the eternal principles of justice, liberty and equality. I will dedicate myself to the
service of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.”
66. The President or the Vice-Presidents shall exercise duties and powers vested by
this Constitution and other laws.
67. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall not hold any other office or position
of emolument.
22
0efxrf;tjzpfrv
S nf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw,
d or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,f
wifajr§mufjcif;cH&onhfaeYrSpí EkwfxGufNyD; odkYr[kwf tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf [k
rSw,
f &l rnf/
64/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf Edik if aH &;ygwDwpfcck \

k tzGUJ 0if
jzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wrsm;tjzpf a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufjcif;cH
&onhaf eYrpS í rdrw d &Ykd mxl;oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzGUJ tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif;rjyK&/
65/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESifh 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf atmufygtwdkif; uwdopöm

jyK&rnf –
]]uREyfk —f —onf jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o
H m;rsm;tay: opöm
apmiho f ½d akd oNy;D jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;? wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vk;H nDñw G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;?
tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk xm0pOfOD;xdyfyefqif aqmif&Guf
ygrnf/
uREkfyfonf þEdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;apmifhodvdkufem
½dak oNy;D Edik if aH wmf\Oya'rsm;udk vdu k ef musio fh ;Hk aqmif&u G yf grnf/ rdr\ d wm0ef
0wå&m;rsm;udk ajzmihrf wfreS u f efpmG jzihf tpGr;f ukeaf qmif&u G yf grnf/ jynfaxmifpk
or®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f w&m;rQwjcif;? vGwv f yfjcif;ESifh nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom
avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydrk x kd eG ;f um;a&;twGuf aqmif&u G yf grnf/
uREyfk o f nf jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmftusK;d iSm Edik if aH wmftm; rdr\ d
toufEiS u fh ,kd u
f t
kd yfEiS ;f onf[k av;eufwnfMunfpmG aMunmí uwdopöm
jyKonf}}
66/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw,

d or®wrsm;onf þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESifh
tjcm;Oya'rsm;u tyfEiS ;f xm;aom wm0efEiS v
fh yk yf ikd cf iG rfh sm;udk usio
hf ;Hk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
67/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw,d or®wrsm;onf vpm? p&dw?f aiGaMu;&aom tjcm;

rnfonh&f mxl;udrk Q vufcjH cif;rjyK&/
23
68. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall furnish a list of family assets under his
direction, namely land, houses, buildings, businesses, savings and other valuables together
with their values to the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
69. The President and the Vice-Presidents shall receive the emoluments, allowances
and insignia of office as prescribed by law. Each shall also be provided with an appropriate
official residence.
70. Except in the case of removal from office following impeachment, the President
and the Vice-Presidents shall enjoy pension and suitable allowances on retirement in accord
with the law after the expiry of the term of office.
71. (a) The President or any Vice-President may be impeached for one of the
following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(ii) breach of the provisions of this Constitution;
(iii) misconduct;
(iv) being disqualified for the President or Vice-President under provisions
as prescribed in this Constitution;
(v) inefficient discharge of duties assigned by law.
(b) If it be required to impeach the President or any Vice-President, a charge
signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of representatives of
either Hluttaw included in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be submitted to the
Head of the Hluttaw concerned.
(c) Action shall proceed only when this charge is supported by not less than
two-thirds of the total number of representatives of the Hluttaw concerned.
23
68/ EdkifiHawmfor®wESihf 'kwd,or®wrsm;onf rdrdwdkYOD;pD;onhf wpfpD;yGm;wnf;
jzpfaom rdom;pkydkif ajr? tdrf? taqmufttkH? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;? pkaiGESihf tjcm;
tzd;k wefypön;f rsm;udk wefz;kd ESiw
fh uG pm&if;jyKpNk y;D jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf tBu;D trSL;xH
ay;yd&Yk rnf/
69/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf Oya'jziho

f wfrw
S x
f m;onhf vpm?
p&dwfESihf taqmifta,mifrsm; &&Sdap&rnf/ oihfwihfavsmufywfonhf tdrfawmf
wpfaqmifpu D v
kd nf; &&Sad p&rnf/
70/ Edik if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;onf pGypf jJG ypfwifc&H í &mxl;rS &yfpcJ &H
jcif;rSty wm0efNy;D qk;H ojzihf tem;,lygu Oya'ESit
hf nD tNird ;f pm;vpmESihf oifwh ihf
avsmufywfaom axmufyrhH rI sm; &&Sad p&rnf/
71/ (u) EdkifiHawmfor®wudkjzpfap? 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;OD;udkjzpfap atmufyg

taMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzihf pGypf jGJ ypfwifEikd o f nf -
(1) Edik if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio fh ud m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom Edik if aH wmfor®w
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w\t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't&ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wwpfO;D OD;udk pGypf jJG ypfwifvykd gu
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGifyg0ifaom vTwfawmfESpf&yfrS vTwfawmf
wpf&yf&yf\ vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H
av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD; rdrdwdkY\pGyfpJGcsufudk oufqdkif&m
vTwaf wmftBu;D trSL;xH wifjy&rnf?
(*) ,if;pGyfpGJcsufudk oufqdkif&mvTwfawmf\ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H yHEk pS yf u Hk axmufcrH o S m qufvuf
ta&;,laqmif&u G &f rnf?
24
(d) If one Hluttaw supports the taking of action, the other Hluttaw shall form a
Body to investigate this charge.
(e) The President or the Vice-President shall have the right to refuse the charge
himself in person or through a representative when it is investigated.
(f) If, after the investigation, not less than two-thirds of the total number of
representatives of the Hluttaw which investigated the charge or caused the
investigation to be initiated passed the resolution that the charge has been
substantiated and renders the President or the Vice-President unfit to continue
in office, the Hluttaw concerned shall submit to the Head of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw such resolution to remove the impeached President or the impeached
Vice-President from office.
(g) The Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall declare the removal of the President
or the Vice-President immediately after the receipt of the submission.
72. The President or any of the Vice-Presidents shall be allowed to resign from office
of his own volition before the expiry of the term of office.
73. (a) One of the two Vice-Presidents who has won the second highest votes in
the Presidential election shall serve as Acting President if the office of the
President falls vacant due to his resignation, death, permanent disability or
any other cause.

24
(C) vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfu pGyfpGJcsufudk ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef axmufcH
vQif tjcm;vTwaf wmfwpf&yfu ,if;pGypf cJG suu f t kd zGUJ zGUJ í pkpH rf;ppfaq;
&rnf?
(i) pGyfpGJcsufudkpkHprf;ppfaq;onhftcg EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,
or®w ud, k wf ikd af omfvnf;aumif;? ud, k pf m;vS,jf zihaf omfvnf;aumif;
acsycGiafh y;&rnf?
(p) pGypf cJG suu
f kd pkpH rf;ppfaq;Ny;D onht
f cg pGypf cJG suu
f kd ppfaq;aom odrYk [kwf
pkHprf;ppfaq;apaomvTwfawmf\ vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;okH;ykHESpfykHu xdkpGyfpGJcsufonf rSefuefNyD;
pGyfpGJcH&aomjypfrIonf EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm;
&mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roihfaMumif;qkH;jzwfvQif pGyfpGJcH
&aom EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm; &mxl;rS&yfpJ&ef
,if;vTwaf wmfu jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftBu;D trSL;xH wifjy&rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf wifjycsuf &&SdvQif&&Sdcsif;
pGyfpGJcH&aom EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf 'kwd,or®wtm; &mxl;rS
&yfpaJ Mumif; aMunm&rnf/
72/ Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®w wpfO;D OD;onf rdr\ d &mxl;oufwrf;
rukeq
f ;Hk rD qE´tavsmufEw
k x f u
G vf v
kd Qif Ekwx
f u
G cf iG jfh yK&rnf/
73/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq

f ;Hk rDEw
k x
f u
G af omaMumihf
jzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap? xm0pOfrpGrf;aqmifEdkifaom
aMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EdkifiHawmf
or®w&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif 'kwd,or®wESpfOD;teuf EdkifiHawmf
or®w a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufpOftcgu 'kwd,qE´rJtrsm;qkH; &&Sdonhf
'kw, d or®wu ,m,Dor®wtjzpf xrf;aqmif&rnf?
25
(b) If the office of the President becomes vacant when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
is in session, the Acting President shall promptly intimate the Head of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to fill the vacancy within seven days.
(c) On receipt of the intimation from the Acting President, the Head of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall proceed to elect a Vice-President by the group of
Hluttaw representatives concerned that initially elected the Vice-President
who subsequently got elected President, the office now being vacant.
(d) After the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned has elected a Vice-
President, the Electoral College comprising all the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
representatives shall elect the President from among the three Vice-
Presidents.
(e) If the office of the President becomes vacant when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
is not in session, the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall summon the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 21 days from the day of receipt of the intimation
from the Acting President and proceed to hold election to fill the vacant
office of the President in accord with the above procedure.
(f) If the office of a Vice-President becomes vacant before the expiry of the
term by reason of his resignation, death, permanent disability or any other
cause when the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the President shall promptly
intimate the Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to elect a Vice-President within
seven days by the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned that elected
the said Vice-President.

25
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®w&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfomG ;onhf tcsed o f nf jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yaecsdefjzpfvQif vpfvyfoGm;onhf
EdkifiHawmfor®w&mxl;udk ckepf&uftwGif; jznfhpGufEdkifa&;twGuf
,m,Dor®wu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;xH aqmvsifpGm
taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
( * ) ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pmud&k &So d nht
f cg vpfvyfomG ;onhf
EdkifiHawmfor®wudk 'kwd,or®wtjzpf OD;pGma&G;cs,fwifajr§muf
ay;cJhonhf oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJUu
'kw, d or®wwpfO;D udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;a&;twGuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftBu;D trSL;u aqmif&u G af y;&rnf?
(C) oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; tpktzGJUonf 'kwd,
or®wwpfOD;udk a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufNyD;ygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f tm;vk;H yg0ifonhf or®wa&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufa&;tzGUJ u
'kw, d or®w ok;H OD;teuf rdrw d BYkd uKd uEf pS o
f ufonfyh *k Kd¾ vuf kd Edik if aH wmf
or®wtjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( i ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f ycsed rf [kwv f Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftBu;D trSL;onf ,m,Dor®wxHrS taMumif;Mum;pm&&So d nfh
aeYrpS í 21 &uftwGi;f jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lNy;D
vpfvyfaom EdkifiHawmfor®w a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufEdkifa&;twGuf
txufygenf;vrf;twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( p ) 'kwd,or®wwpfOD;OD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD EkwfxGufaom
aMumihfjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap? xm0pOfrpGrf;aqmifEdkif
aomaMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap 'kwd,
or®w &mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;
usi;f ycsed jf zpfygu ,if;'kw, d or®wudk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf ay;cJah om
vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu ckepf&uftwGif; 'kwd,
or®wwpfOD; a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufay;a&;twGuf EdkifiHawmfor®wu
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tBu;D trSL;xH aqmvsipf mG taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
26
(g) When the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the Head of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw shall summon the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 21 days from the day
of receipt of the intimation from the President and proceed with the election
of a Vice-President by the group of Hluttaw representatives concerned in
accord with the prescribed procedure.

26
(q) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftpnf;ta0; usi;f ycsed rf [kwv
f Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmftBuD;trSL;onf EdkifiHawmfor®w\ taMumif;Mum;pm&&Sd
onfah eYrpS í 21 &uftwGi;f jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0;udk
ac:,lNyD; oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tpktzGJUu 'kwd,
or®wwpfO;D udk a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufay;a&;twGuf owfrw S x
f m;onhf
enf;vrf;twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
Chapter IV
Legislature
tcef; (4)
Oya'jyKa&;
Chapter IV
Legislature
The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Formation of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
74. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw comprises of the following two Hluttaws :

(a) in accord with the provisions of Section 109, the Pyithu Hluttaw formed
with Hluttaw representatives elected on the basis of township as well as
population and Hluttaw representatives being the Defence Services Personnel
nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;
(b) in accord with the provisions of Section 141, the Amyotha Hluttaw formed
with Hluttaw representatives elected in equal numbers from Regions and
States and Hluttaw representatives being the Defence Services Personnel
nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services.
The Head and the Deputy Heads of the respective Hluttaws

75. On the day of commencement of the first Hluttaw session for each term of the
Hluttaw concerned, the person who is to conduct and supervise the Hluttaw session held
for the taking of affirmation of office by Hluttaw representatives and for electing the Hluttaw
Speaker and Deputy Speaker shall be called the Chairperson, the Head and the Deputy
Head of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be called the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the
Head and the Deputy Head of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Region Hluttaw
or the State Hluttaw shall be called the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.
tcef; (4)
Oya'jyKa&;
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;
74/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f atmufyg vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfyg0ifonf –
(u) yk'rf 109 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD NrKd Ue,fukd tajccHívnf;aumif;?
vlOD;a&udk tajccHívnf;aumif; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnf
pm&if;wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf
zGUJ pnf;onhf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf?
( c ) yk'fr 141 yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;ESifh jynfe,f
rsm;rSO;D a&wlnpD mG a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f aom
wyfrawmfom; vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;onhf trsK;d om;
vTwfawmf/
vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;ESifh 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;

75/ vTwfawmftoD;oD;\ tBuD;trSL;? 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;rsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD;
oufqdkif&m vTwfawmfoufwrf;wpfckpDtwGuf vTwfawmfyxrtpnf;ta0; pwif
usi;f yonhaf eYwiG f vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; uwdopömjyKEikd &f efEiS fh vTwaf wmfOuú|?
'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufay;&ef usif;yaom vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udk
BuD;rSL;BuD;Muyfay;&rnhf tBuD;trSL;tm; obmywd[kvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmftBuD;trSL;ESihf 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;udk em,uESifh 'kwd,em,u[k
vnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl w
T af wmf? trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmf tBuD;trSL;ESihf 'kwd,tBuD;trSL;udk Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|[k
vnf;aumif; ac:a0:ok;H pG&J rnf/
28
Performance of duties by the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw
76. (a) The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall also
serve as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
from the day of term of the Pyithu Hluttaw commences up to the end of 30
months and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw
shall also serve as the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for the remaining term.
(b) When the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to perform the
duties of the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker shall temporarily perform the
duties of the Speaker.
Functions of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

77. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall :
(a) supervise the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw sessions;
(b) invite the President, if he is intimated of the President’s desire to address
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(c) have the right to invite organizations or persons representing any of the
Union level organizations formed under the Constitution to attend the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session and give clarifications on matters relating to
ongoing discussions, if necessary;
(d) perform other duties and powers prescribed by the Constitution or any
law.
Convening the Sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw

78. The first regular session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be held within 15 days
from the first day of the commencement of the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The
Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
28
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf em,uESihf 'kwd,em,ursm;\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;
76/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf oufwrf;wpfck pwifonhf aeY&ufrS vaygif; 30
jynfhajrmufonhf aeY&uftxd trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,
Ouú|wdkYonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uESihf 'kwd,em,u
wm0efudkyg xrf;aqmif&rnf/ usefoufwrf;umvtwGuf jynfolY
vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkYonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
em,uESifh 'kw, d em,u wm0efuykd g xrf;aqmif&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uonf em,uwm0efudk xrf;aqmif
EdkifpGrf;r&Sdonhftcg 'kwd,em,uonf em,uwm0efudk ,m,D
xrf;aqmif&rnf/
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ vkyfief;wm0ef
77/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfem,uonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u
f &J rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;
vkad Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;
zdwMf um;&rnf?
( * ) jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf tpnf ; ta0;ü aqG ; aEG ; aqmif & G u f q J
taMumif;t&m wpf&yf&yfESihfpyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQif zJGUpnf;yHktajccH
Oya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk
udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;rsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYkd wufa&muf&iS ;f vif; wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&hf o Sd nf?
(C) zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;udk
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;

78/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ yxrtBurd f ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;udk jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf\
yxrtpnf;ta0; pwifonfhaeYrS 15 &uftwGif;usif;y&rnf/ jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpv
k wT af wmf em,uu ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
29
79. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
regular session at least once a year. The maximum interval between the two regular sessions
shall not exceed twelve months.
80. The following functions shall be carried out at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session :
(a) recording the address delivered by the President;
(b) reading and recording the message sent by the President and other messages
permitted by the Speaker;
(c) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;
(d) discussing and resolving on the remarks of the President concerning a Bill
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(e) discussing and resolving on matters to be undertaken by the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;
(f) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw;
(g) submitting proposals, discussing and resolving;
(h) raising questions and replying;
(i) undertaking matters approved by the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
81. Matters that require resolutions, consents and approvals of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
shall be implemented as follows :
(a) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be discussed and
resolved at that session;
(b) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the matter shall be discussed
and resolved at the nearest Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session;
29
79/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;udk jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf em,uu
wpfESpfvQif tenf;qkH;wpfBudrf ac:,lusif;y&rnf/ ykHrSeftpnf;ta0; wpfBudrfESifh
wpfBudrftMum; t&SnfMumqkH; umvonf 12 vxufrydkap&/
80/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudpö&yfrsm;udkaqmif&Guf

onf -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®w ajymMum;onfh rdecYf eG ;f udk rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wuay;ydkYaom o0PfvTmESihf em,uu cGihfjyKaom
tjcm;o0PfvmT rsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( * ) Oya'Murf; wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(C) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu twnfjyKxm;onfh Oya'Murf; wpf&yf&yfEiS fh
pyfvsO;f í Edik if aH wmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwcf surf sm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?
qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t& jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu
aqmif&u G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( p ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f onfth pD&ifcpH mrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;?
qk;H jzwfjcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(q) tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( Z ) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
(ps) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf em,uu cGijhf yKonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í
aqmif&u G jf cif;/
81/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ tqk;H tjzwf &,lrnfu h pd &ö yfrsm;? oabmwlncD suf
&,lrnfuh pd &ö yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsu&f ,lrnfh udp&ö yfrsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f aqmif&u G f
&rnf –
(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yqJumvjzpfvQif ,if;
tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yqJumv r[kwfvQif
teD;uyfqkH; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qkH;jzwf
&rnf?
30
(c) a special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss
and resolve matters which need urgent action in the interest of the public.
82. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw may convene a special session or an
emergency session, if necessary.
83. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session or an
emergency session as soon as possible when the President informs him to do so.
84. The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall convene a special session as soon
as possible, if at least one-fourth of the total number of the representatives so require.
85. (a) The first day session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be valid if more than
half of the total number, who have the right to attend the session, are
present. The session, if invalid, shall be adjourned.
(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the Sub-
Section (a) as well as the valid sessions that are extented shall be valid if at
least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.
86. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, save as otherwise
provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority of votes

30
(*) trsm;jynfot l usK;d iSm tvsit
f jrefaqmif&u
G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;udk txl;
tpnf;ta0; odrYk [kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,l usi;f yí aqG;aEG;
qk;H jzwf&rnf/
82/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk
jzpfap usi;f y&efvt
kd yfvQif jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf em,uu ac:,lusi;f yEdik o
f nf/
83/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef Edik if aH wmf or®wu
taMumif;Mum;vQif jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfem,uonf jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmf txl;
tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap? ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap tjrefq;Hk ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
84/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftpnf;ta0; ac:,lusif;yay;&ef jynfaxmifpk

vTwaf wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H av;ykw
H pfyu
Hk awmif;qdv
k Qif
jynfaxmifpv
k w T af wmfem,uu txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefq;Hk ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
85/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w

T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwiG f jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcGifh&dSonfh vTwfawmf
ukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif
,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu
tpnf;ta0;udk a&TUqdik ;f &rnf?
(c) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqdkif;
usi;f y&aom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0; txajrmufNy;D aemuf
qufvuf usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufciG &fh oSd nfh vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykwH pfyHk wufa&mufvQif tpnf;ta0;rsm;
txajrmufonf/
86/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif tqkH;tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&m

wpf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f í rJcq
JG ;Hk jzwf&mü zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;
jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&dv S Qif tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí qE´raJ y;onfh
31
of the representatives of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw who are present and

voting.
(b) The Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker acting as
such shall not vote in the first instance, but shall have and exercise a casting
vote in the case of an equality of votes.
87. If a representative of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is, without permission of the Speaker
of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, absent from sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for a period of
at least 15 consecutive days, the Speaker shall inform the Hluttaw concerned to take
action against the representative according to the prescribed procedures. In computing
the said period of 15 days, no account shall be taken of any period during which the
session is adjourned.
88. Although there are vacant seats, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to
carry out its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
shall not be annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled to do
so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.
89. The proceedings and the records of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall be published.
However, the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall not be published.
90. Members of the organizations representing any of the Union level organizations
formed under the Constitution while attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with the permission
of the Speaker have the right to explain, converse and discuss the Bills and other matters
in connection with the respective organization.
31
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ rsm;&mqE´rJjzihf qkH;jzwf
&rnf?
(c) jynfaxmifpv
k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcq JG ;Hk jzwfonfh udprö sm;ü
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u odkYr[kwf em,uwm0ef xrf;aqmif
aeonfh 'kw,d em,uonf qE´rrJ ay;&/ axmufcq H E´rEJ iS hf uefu
Y u
G f
qE´rJ ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonfh udp&ö yfwiG o f m tEkid rf J ay;&rnf/
87/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

tpnf ; ta0;wpf & yf w G i f jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf e m,u\ cG i h f j yKcsuf r &bJ
tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qHk; &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf;ysufuGuf
vQif owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ta&;,l&ef jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
em,uu oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY taMumif;Mum;&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef cGihfrJhysufuGufonfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufudk a&wGuf&mü
tpnf;ta0;a&TUqdik ;f xm;onhu f mvudk xnho f iG ;f a&wGujf cif; rjyK&/
88/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fae&mtcsKdU vpfvyf

aeapumrl jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcGihf&Sdonf/ xdkYtjyif
tcGitfh a&;r&So
d wl pfO;D u jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufjcif;?
qE´rJay;jcif; odkYr[kwf vTwfawmfvkyfief;wpf&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhjcif;udk
aemiftcgwGirf S ppfaq;awGU&Sad pumrl jynfaxmifpvk w
T af wmf\ qH;k jzwfaqmif&u
G cf suf
rsm;onf ysujf y,fjcif; r&Sad p&/
89/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ aqmif&u

G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww
f rf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfol
od&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef&rnf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsuft&jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onhf aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf
rSww
f rf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
90/ zGUJ pnf;yktH ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf; wpf&yf&yf
udk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf em,u\ cGifhjyKcsufjzifh jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonfhtcg rdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESifh oufqdkifaom
Oya'Murf;rsm; okrYd [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o
Sd nf/
32
91. The Union level organizations formed under the Constitution may submit the general
situation in connection with the respective organization, which should be submitted to the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with the permission of the Speaker.
92. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law
relating to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the representatives of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw shall have freedom of speech and voting at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
and the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Joint Committee. Concerning the submitting,
discussing and performing at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and the Joint
Committee, no action shall be taken against, a representative of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, except under its law.
(b) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law
relating to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, members of the organizations or persons
representing any of the Union level organizations formed under the
Constitution who are invited to attend the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session
have the freedom of speech. No action shall be taken against such members
or persons for their submission and speeches in Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by
other law except under its law.
(c) If the persons mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and (b) committed assault in
exercising the said privileges, they shall be liable to punishment under the
regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the existing
law.
32
91/ zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt
k qifh tzJUG tpnf;rsm;onf
jynfaxmifpvk wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;okYd wifjyoifah om rdrtd zJUG tpnf;ESihf oufqikd f
onfh tajctaet&yf&yfukd em,u\ cGijhf yKcsujf zifh wifjyEdik o
f nf/
92/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; rqefu Y siv f Qif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf
ESifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGm
ajymqdck iG Ehf iS hf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
Sd nf/ xdok Ykd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfEiS hf
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yl;aygif;aumfrwDwdkYwGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;?
aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f
wpfO;D tm; jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&
ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
(c) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYwufa&muf&ef zdwfMum;jcif;
cH&aom zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqifh
tzGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf
yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiahf omfvnf;
aumif;? jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfqikd &f m Oya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESiahf omf
vnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif vGwfvyfpGm
ajymqdkcGifh&dSonf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif wifjyajymqdkrIrsm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f í ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;tm; jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfqikd &f mOya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
(*) yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf (c) wGif yg&Sad om yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf txufyg tcGit hf a&;
rsm;ukd usifhokH;Mu&mwGif ukd,fxdvufa&mufusL;vGefrIrsm; &SdcJhygu
,if;wkdYonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? vkyfxkH;
vkyfenf;rsm;t& vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;t& vnf;aumif;
ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/
33
93. If there is a need to arrest a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representative attending the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session or a person attending the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session with the
permission or invitation of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, credible evidence shall
be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. He shall not be arrested without
the prior permission of the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
94. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents, and Hluttaw records
published by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or under its authority.
Legislation
95. (a) If a Bill initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw is approved
by both Hluttaws, it shall be deemed that the Bill is approved by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha
Hluttaw concerning a Bill, the Bill shall be discussed and resolved in the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
96. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws for the entire or any part
of the Union related to matters prescribed in Schedule One of the Union Legislative List.
97. (a) When the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw enacts a law, it may :

(i) authorize to issue rules, regulations and by-laws concerning that
law to any Union level organization formed under the Constitution;
(ii) authorize to issue notifications, orders, directives and procedures
to the respective organization or authority.
33
93/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ cGifhjyKcsuf
odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;csut
f & ,if;tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufaeaom yk*Kd¾ vw
f pfO;D udk
jzpfap zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
em,uxH wifjy&rnf/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,u\ BudKwifcGifhjyKcsuf r&&SdbJ
zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&/
94/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwaf wmf\ tcGit hf mPm

t&aomfvnf;aumif; jzefcY sx d w
k af 0onfh tpD&ifcpH mrsm;? pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;? vTwaf wmf
rSww
f rf;rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í w&m;pGq J ykd ikd cf iG hf r&daS p&/
Oya'jyKjcif;
95/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifjzpfap? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwGifjzpfap pwif
wifoiG ;f onfh Oya'Murf;udk vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfv;kH u twnfjyKvQif ,if;
Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu twnfjyKonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
( c ) Oya'Murf;wpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;
vTwfawmfwdkY oabmuGJvGJygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;
qk;H jzwf&rnf/
96/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf Z,m; 1 wGif azmfjyxm;aom jynfaxmifpk

Oya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpkwpf0ef;vHk;twGufaomf
vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpk\wpfpdwfwpfa'o twGufaomfvnf;aumif; tmPm
oufa&mufap&ef Oya'jyKciG &fh o
dS nf/
97/ (u) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Oya'wpf&yfjy|mef;onft h cg -

(1) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onfh jynfaxmifpktqihf
tzGJUtpnf; wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESihf oufqdkifonfh
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;ESihfpnf;urf;rsm; xkwfjyefcGihfudk tyfESif;
Edik o
f nf?
(2) oufqikd &f mtzGUJ tpnf; odrYk [kwf tmPmydik t f m; ,if;Oya'ESifh
oufqdkifonfh trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESihf
vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm; xkwjf yefciG u
fh kd tyfEiS ;f Edik o
f nf/
34
(b) The rules, regulations, notifications, orders, directives, and procedures
issued under the power conferred by any law shall be in conformity with
the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant law.
(c) If both the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw resolve to annul or
amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be deemed that the rule,
regulation, or by-law is annulled or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(d) If there is a disagreement to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law
between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw, it shall be discussed
and resolved at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(e) If a resolution is passed to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law
under Sub-Section (c) or (d), the resolution shall be without prejudice to
the validity of any action previously taken under the relevant rule, regulation
or by-law.
Legislation relating to Other Matters
98. The legislative power is vested in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw relating to other matters
not enumerated in the legislative list of the Union, Region or State and Self-Administered
Division Leading Body or Self-Administered Zone Leading Body.
Legislation relating to Union Territories
99. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact the required laws if the need arises to do so
for the Union territories relating to matters for which legislative powers are vested to the
34
( c ) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfESif;onhf vkyfydkifcGihft&jyKvkyfaom enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESihf
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;onf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;
nDñw G rf &I &dS rnf?
( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwf
jyifqifap&ef qHk;jzwfygu ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;odkYr[kwf
pnf;urf;udk jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu y,fzsuo f nf odrYk [kwf jyifqif
aponf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef
odkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkY
oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfwiG f aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
( i ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef
odkYr[kwf jyifqifap&ef yk'frcGJ ( * ) odkYr[kwf (C) t& qHk;jzwfygu
xdo
k Ykd y,fzsujf cif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifapjcif; rjyKrD ,if;enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f
odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;t& aqmif&u G cf NhJ y;D aom trIupd rö sm;udk xdcu
kd jf cif;
r&Sad p&/
tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;ESifY pyfvsOf;í Oya'jyKjcif;

98/ jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESihf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif;
odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ Oya'jyKpm&if;rsm;wGif azmfjyrxm;aom
tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh Oya'jyKyikd cf iG t fh mPmudk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd
tyfEiS ;f onf/
jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKjcif;
99/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfujkd zpfap? ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyf
cGi&hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ udjk zpfap Oya'jyKciG hf
35
Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw, or Self-Administered Division Leading Body or
Self-Administered Zone Leading Body.
Submission of Bill
100. (a) The Union level organizations formed under the Constitution shall have
the right to submit the Bills relating to matters they administered among the
matters included in the Union Legislative List to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in
accord with the prescribed procedures.
(b) Bills relating to national plans, annual budgets and taxation, which are to
be submitted exclusively by the Union Government shall be discussed and
resolved at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
101. The Bills submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by the Union level organizations
formed under the Constitution, except the Bills that are prescribed in the Constitution to be
discussed and resolved exclusively at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, are entitled to initiate and
discuss at either the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
102. The Bills, which are to be discussed and resolved exclusively at the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw need to be vetted before being discussed at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, those Bills
shall be vetted jointly by the Pyithu Hluttaw Bill Committee and the Amyotha Hluttaw Bill
Committee, and the findings and remarks of the Joint Committee together with the Bill may
be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session in accord with the prescribed procedures.
Submission of the Union Budget Bill

103. (a) The President or the person assigned by him, on behalf of the Union
Government, shall submit the Union Budget Bill to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
35
tyfESif;xm;aom udpörsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;twGuf Oya'
jy|mef;ay;&ef vdktyfygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu vdktyfaomOya'ukd jy|mef;
ay;&rnf/
Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;
100/ (u) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif yg&dSaomudpö&yfrsm;teuf
rdrdwdkY pDrHcefYcGJonfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;onfh Oya' Murf;rsm;udk
owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmfodkY
wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o Sd nf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzGUJ uom wifoiG ;f cGi&hf aSd om Edik if aH wmf\ trsK;d om;
pDruH ed ;f ? ESppf Oft&tok;H cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;ESihf tcGef taumufqidk &f m
Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x
f m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf/
101/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfüom aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnf[k zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ü
owfrw S af om Oya'Murf;rsm;rSty zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpk
tqifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;u jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk
owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD jynfolYvTwfawmfwGifjzpfap? trßKd;om;
vTwaf wmfwiG jf zpfap pwifaqG;aEG;aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
Sd nf/
102/ jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfüom aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf&rnfh Oya'Murf;rsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í

jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;jcif;rjyKrD tao;pdwf avhvmpdppf&ef
vdtk yfygu jynfov Yl w T af wmf Oya'Murf;aumfrwDEiS hf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf Oya'Murf;
aumfrwDwt Ykd m; yl;aygif;avhvmpdppfapjcif;? ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ avhvmawGU&dcS suf
ESihf oabmxm;rSwcf surf sm;udk owfrw S xf m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD Oya'Murf;
ESithf wl jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;odYk wifjyaqmif&u G af pjcif;wdu Yk kd jyKEikd f
onf/
jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG t&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;wifoGif;jcif;

103/ (u) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUudk,fpm; EdkifiHawmfor®w odkYr[kwf ,if;u
wm0efay;tyfonfh yk*¾dKvfonf jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiGt&toHk;
qdik &f m Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfoYkd wifjy&rnf?
36
(b) The following matters included in the Union Budget Bill shall be discussed
at the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw but not refused or curtailed :
(i) salary and allowance of Heads and Members of the Union level
organizations formed under the Constitution and expenditures of
those organizations;
(ii) debts for which the Union is liable and expenses relating to the
debts, and other expenses relating to the loans taken out by the
Union;
(iii) expenditures required to satisfy judgment, order, decree of any
Court or Tribunal;
(iv) other expenditures which are to be charged by any existing law or
any international treaty.
(c) Approval, refusal and curtailing of other expenditures except the
expenditures specified in Sub-Section (b) shall be passed by the majority
consent of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(d) The Union Government shall perform as necessary in accord with the
Union Budget Law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(e) If in respect of the relevant financial year a need has arisen to authorize the
estimated receipts and authorized expenditures in the Union Budget Law
enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and in addition to estimate receipts
and to authorize expenditures, the Supplementary Appropriation law shall
be enacted in the above manner.
(f) The Union Government shall perform as necessary in accord with the
Supplementary Appropriation Law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
36
(c) jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiGt&toH;k qdik &f m Oya'Murf;wGiyf g&Sad om –
(1) zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;xm;aom jynfaxmifpt k qifh
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ tBu;D trSL;rsm;ESihf tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm?
p&dwEf iS hf ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpu k ay;qyf&ef wm0ef&adS om a<u;NrrD sm;? ,if;a<u;NrD
rsm;ESihf qufE, T af om ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;? jynfaxmifpu k acs;,laiG
rsm;ESihf qufE, T af om tjcm;ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;?
(3) w&m;½H;k odrYk [kwf cH½k ;kH wpf½;Hk ½H;k \ pD&ifcsu?f trde?Yf 'Du&Dt&
ay;aqmif&ef&adS om toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(4) wnfqOJ ya' wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? tjynfjynfqikd &f m pmcsKyf
wpfcck t k & jzpfapusc&H rnfh tjcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf
jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmí h cGijfh yKjcif; rjyK&/
(*) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg toH;k p&dwrf sm;rSty tjcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm; twGuu f rkd l
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu oabmwl twnfjyKjcif;? jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmh
í cGijhf yKjcif;wdu Yk kd trsm;qEÉiS t hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiG
t&toH;k qdik &f m Oya'ygtwdik ;f jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzJUG u vdt
k yfovdk
aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu oufqdkif&m b@ma&;ESpftwGuf jy|mef;
xm;onf h jynf a xmif p k \ b@maiG t &toH k ; qd k i f & m Oya'yg
vsmxm;aom&aiGrsm;ESihf cGijhf yKxm;aom oH;k aiGrsm;tjyif aemufxyf
&aiGrsm; vsmxm;&efEiS hf oH;k aiGrsm; cGijhf yK&ef vdt k yfonft h cg aemufxyf
b@maiG cGJa0oHk;pGJa&;Oya'udk txufyg enf;vrf;rsm;twdkif;
jy|mef;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(p) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh aemufxyfb@maiG cGJa0
oHk;pGJa&;Oya'ygtwdkif; jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUu vdktyfovdk
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
37
Ordinance
104. When the President after promulgating an Ordinance submits it to the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for approval, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall :
(a) resolve to approve the Ordinance or not;
(b) if it is approved determine the period, the Ordinance shall continue to be
in operation;
(c) if it is disapproved, cease to operate from the day of its disapproval.
Promulgation as Law
105. (a) The President shall sign the Bills approved or the Bills deemed to be
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, within 14 days after the day of
receipt, and shall promulgate it as Law.
(b) The President, within the prescribed period, may send the Bill back to the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together with his comments.
(c) If the President does not send the Bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
together with his signature and comments within the prescribed period, or
if the President does not sign to promulgate, on the day after the completion
of that period, the Bill shall become a law as if he had signed it.
106. (a) If the President sends the Bill back to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw together
with his comments within the prescribed period, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
after discussion of the President’s comments, may accept his comment
37
Oya'uJYodkYtmPmwnfaomtrdefY
104/ jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaom
trdewYf pf&yfudk xkwjf yefNy;D ,if;trdeu Yf kd twnfjyKay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYkd
wifjyonft h cg –
(u) Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaom trdeu Yf kd twnfjyK? rjyK qk;H jzwf&rnf?
( c ) twnfjyK&ef qkH;jzwfygu ,if;trdefY qufvuftmPmwnf&rnfh
tcsed uf mvudk owfrw S af y;&rnf?
( * ) twnfjyKcsufr&&SdvQif Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf
twnfrjyKonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnfjcif;rS &yfp&J rnf/
Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;
105/ (u) Ed k i f i H a wmf o r® w onf jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf r S ay;yd k Y v monf h
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKaom odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfu twnfjyKonf[k rSw, f &l rnfjzpfaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk
vufc&H &do S nfah eY\ aemufwpfaeYrS 14 &uftwGi;f vufrw S af &;xd;k í
Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wonf Oya'Murf;wpf&yfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;í
Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef owfrSwfxm;onfh umvtwGif;
rdrd\oabmxm; rSwfcsufESifhtwl Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYkd jyefvnfay;ydEYk ikd o f nf?
( * ) Edik if aH wmfor®wu vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&ef
owfrSwfxm;onfh umvtwGif; Oya'Murf;udk EdkifiHawmfor®wu
rdrd\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufjzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYjcif; rjyKvQifaomf
vnf;aumif;? Oya'Murf;udk vufrw S af &;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yef
aMunmjcif; rjyKvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? owfrSwfumv jynfhajrmuf
onfh aeY&ufwGif Oya'Murf;onf EdkifiHawmfor®w\ vufrSwf
a&;xd;k csuu f kd &&dNS y;D ouJo
h Ykd Oya'jzpfvm&rnf/
106/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®wxH ay;ydkYxm;aom Oya'Murf;ukd EkdifiHawmfor®wu

rdrd\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtwl owfrSwfumvtwGif;
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY jyefvnfay;ykdYvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
38
and resolve to amend the Bill or may resolve to approve the Bill as it is
without accepting the President’s comment.
(b) When the Bill which is amended in accord with the President’s comment
or the Bill which is approved as it is without accepting the President’s
comment is sent back to him by the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
the President shall sign the Bill and promulgate it as law within seven days
after receiving the Bill back.
(c) If the Bill sent back by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not signed by the President
within the prescribed period, it shall become law as if he had signed it on
the last day of the prescribed period.
107. The laws signed by the President or the laws deemed to have been signed by him
shall be promulgated by publication in the official gazette. The Law shall come into operation
on the day of such promulgation unless the contrary intention is expressed.
108. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw :
(a) shall give the resolution on matters relating to ratifying, annulling and revoking
from international, regional or bilateral treaties, agreements submitted by
the President;
(b) may confer the authority on the President to conclude, annul and revoke
any kind of international, regional or bilateral treaties or agreements without
the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.

38
onf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;okH;oyf
NyD;aemuf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufukd vufcHí
Oya'Murf;udk jyifqif&ef qk;H jzwfEidk o f nf okrYd [kwf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\
oabmxm;rSwcf suu f kd vufrcHbJ Oya'Murf;ukd rlvtwkid ;f twnf
jyK&ef qk;H jzwfEidk of nf?
(c) EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufESifhtnD jyifqifxm;aom
Oya'Murf; okdYr[kwf EkdifiHawmfor®w\ oabmxm;rSwfcsufukd
vufrcHbJ rlvtwkdif; twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;tm; jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ qkH;jzwfcsufjzihf jyefvnfay;ykdYvmonfhtcg EkdifiHawmf
or®wonf Oya'Murf; jyefvnf&&SdonfhaeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS
ckepf&uftwGi;f vufrw S af &;xk;d í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jyefvnfay;ykaYd om Oya'Murf;ukd owfrw S f
umvtwGif; EkdifiHawmfor®wu vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif; rjyKvQif
owfrw S u f mv jynfah jrmufonfh aeY&ufwiG f Oya'Murf;onf Ekid if aH wmf
or®w\ vufrw S af &;xk;d csuu
f dk &&SNd y;D ouJo
h Ydk Oya'jzpfvm&rnf/
107/ EkdifiHawmfor®wu vufrSwfa&;xdk;NyD;aom Oya'rsm; okdYr[kwf EkdifiHawmf

or®w\ vufrSwfa&;xkd;csuf &&SdNyD;ouJhodkY rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udk
Edik if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/ xdOk ya'wGif oD;jcm;azmfjycsuf rygvQif
xkwjf yefaMunmonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnf&rnf/
108/ jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfonf -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wu wifjyonfh tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqkid &f m odrYk [kwf
EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qdkif&m pmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk twnfjyK
aqmif&u G jf cif;? y,fzsujf cif;? Ekwx
f u
G jf cif;wkEYd iS hf pyfvsO;f í tqH;k tjzwf
ay;&rnf?
( c ) tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqkid &f m odrYk [kwf Ekid if t H csi;f csi;f qdik &f m pmcsKyf
rsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;teuf rnfuJhodkYaom pmcsKyf odkYr[kwf
oabmwlnDcsuf trsKd;tpm;udk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyK
csuf&,l&efrvdkbJ csKyfqdkjcif;? y,fzsufjcif;? EkwfxGufjcif;wkdYudk
aqmif&u G &f ef Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; vkyyf ikd cf iG hf vTt J yfEikd o
f nf/
39
Pyithu Hluttaw
Formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw

109. The Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 440 Hluttaw representatives
as follows :
(a) not more than 330 Pyithu Hluttaw representatives elected prescribing
electorate in accord with law on the basis of township as well as population
or combining with an appropriate township which is contagious to the
newly-formed township if it is more than 330 townships;
(b) not more than 110 Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence
Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services in accord with the law.
Election of the Pyithu Hluttaw Chairperson
110. (a) A Pyithu Hluttaw representative shall be elected as the Chairperson at the
commencement of the first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw for its term.
(b) The Chairperson shall take an affirmation of office before the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(c) The Chairperson shall supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw session up to the
completion of the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the
Pyithu Hluttaw.
Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw
111. (a) (i) The Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall elect a Speaker and a
Deputy Speaker from among the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.
39
jynfolYvTwfawmf
jynfolYvTwfawmfzG JUpnf;jcif;
109/ jynfolYvTwfawmfukd vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& trsm;qHk; 440 OD;jzihf
atmufygtwkid ;f zJUG pnf;&rnf –
(u) NrdKUe,fukd tajccHívnf;aumif;? vlOD;a&ukd tajccHívnf;aumif;?
NrKd Ue,f 330 xuf ykrd vdk mygu topfzUGJ pnf;onfh NrKd Ue,fukd wpfquf
wpfpyfwnf;jzpfaom oihfavsmfonfh NrdKUe,fwpfckckESihf yl;aygif;í
vnf;aumif; Oya'ESit fh nD rJqEé,fowfrw S í
f a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
onhf 330 OD; xufrykdaom jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;?
( c ) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit
fh nD trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f
onhf 110 OD;xufrykdaom wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/
jynfolYvTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;

110/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf oufwrf;wpf&yf\ yxrtBudrf jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0; pwifusif;yonhftcg jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
wpfO;D tm; obmywdtjzpf wifajrm§ uf&rnf?
( c ) obmywdonf jynfolYvTwfawmf a&SUarSmufwGif uwdopömjyK&rnf?
( * ) obmywdonf jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufNyD;onftxd jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;udk BuD;Muyf
uGyu
f &J rnf/
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;

111/ (u) (1) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf
Ouú|wpfOD;ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wpfOD;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJrS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&rnf?
40
(ii) When the seat of the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker becomes
vacant, the substitution shall be made at the nearest session of the
Pyithu Hluttaw.
(iii) When the Speaker is unable to perform the duties of the Speaker,
the Deputy Speaker shall temporarily perform the duties of the
Speaker.
(b) The law relating to procedures to elect the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be enacted.
Functions of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw
112. The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall :

(a) supervise the Pyithu Hluttaw sessions;
(b) invite the President, if he is intimated of the President’s desire to address
the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(c) have the right to invite members of the organization or persons representing
any of the Union level organizations formed under the Constitution to
attend the Pyithu Hluttaw and give clarifications on matters relating to
ongoing discussions of the Pyithu Hluttaw session, if necessary;
(d) perform other duties and exercise powers prescribed by the Constitution
or any law.
Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
of the Pyithu Hluttaw
113. (a) The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall perform
their duties until the first session of the next term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is
held.
40
(2) jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf 'kw,
d Ouú|ae&m vpfvyfvQif
teD;uyfqkH;usif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGif
tpm;xk;d a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&rnf?
(3) jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|onf Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd pf rG ;f
r&S d o nh f t cg 'k w d , Ouú | onf Ouú | wm0ef u d k ,m,D
xrf;aqmif&rnf/
(c) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef
enf;vrf;rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef
112/ jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú|onf -
(u) jynfov Yl w T af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk Bu;D MuyfuyG u
f &J rnf?
( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;
vdak Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wu taMumif;Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;
zdwMf um;&rnf?
( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;aqmif&GufqJ taMumif;
t&mwpf&yf&yfESihf pyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQif zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&
zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;
jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf yk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk jynfolYvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&muf &Si;f vif;wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(C) zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGifhrsm;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;

113/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw,
d Ouú|wdo
Yk nf aemufwpfBurd f jynfoYl
vTwfawmfoufwrf; yxrtpnf;ta0; pwifrusif;yrD tcsdeftxd
Ouú|ESifh 'kw, d Ouú|wm0efukd xrf;aqmif&rnf?
41
(b) If the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker resigns or has ceased to be a
Pyithu Hluttaw representative, or has no right to continue to stand as a
Pyithu Hluttaw representative, or is suspended from his position as the
Speaker or the Deputy Speaker by the Pyithu Hluttaw, or has passed
away, he shall have ceased from his position.
114. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu
Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
Formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw Committee, Commission and Bodies

115. (a) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form Bill Committee, Public Accounts Committee,
Hluttaw Rights Committee, and Government’s Guarantees, Pledges and
Undertakings Vetting Committee with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.
(b) When the occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence
and security matters or Military affairs, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the
Defence and Security Committee with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
who are the Defence Services Personnel, for a limited time. The Defence
and Security Committee so formed may, if necessary, be included suitable
Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are not the Defence Services Personnel
in accord with the volume of work.
(c) If there arises a need to study and submit other affairs, in addition to
legislature, executive, national races affairs, economics, finance, social and
foreign affairs, Hluttaw Committees may be formed with the Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives for a limited time.
(d) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall determine the number of members, duties, powers,
rights, and terms of Pyithu Hluttaw Committees.
41
(c) jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d Ouú|onf Ekwx f u G v
f Qijf zpfap?
jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;cH&vQifjzpfap?
jynfov Yl wT af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,tf jzpf qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG fh r&Sv d Qif
jzpfap? Ouú| odkYr[kwf 'kwd,Ouú|wm0efrS jynfolYvTwfawmf\
½kyo
f rd ;f jcif;udk cH&vQijf zpfap? uG,vf eG vf Qijf zpfap Ouú| odrYk [kwf 'kw, d
Ouú|tjzpfrS &yfpNJ y;D jzpfap&rnf/
114/ jynfov Yl w
T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw,
d Ouú|wd\
Yk wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh &ydik cf iG rfh sm;
udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESihf tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;

115/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfoaYl iGpm&if;aumfrwD?
vTwaf wmftcGit hf a&;aumfrwD? tpd;k &\ tmrcHcsurf sm;? uwdrsm;ESifh
wm0efccH surf sm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwu Ykd kd jynfov Yl wT af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
( c ) umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif;? wyfrawmf
qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&ef taMumif;
ay:aygufygu jynfolYvTwfawmfonf umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;
aumfrwDudk wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf
umvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;&rnf/ xdkodkYzGJUpnf;onhf umuG,fa&;ESihf
vkHNcKHa&;aumfrwDonf vkyfief;vdktyfcsuft& wyfrawmfom;
r[kwaf om oihaf vsmo f nhf jynfov Yl w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udv k nf;
xnho f iG ;f zGUJ pnf;&ef vdt k yfygu zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
( * ) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;
ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlraI &;? Edik if jH cm;a&;wdt Yk jyif tjcm;a&;&m
udprö sm;udk avhvmwifjyap&ef vdt k yfygu vTwaf wmf aumfrwDrsm;udk
jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf umvowfrw S í f zGUJ pnf;Edik of nf?
(C) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf jynfov Yl wT af wmf aumfrwDrsm;\ tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&?
wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;wdu Yk kd owfrw S af y;&rnf/
42
116. If there arises a certain matter to co-ordinate with the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu
Hluttaw may elect and assign its representatives who will serve with the Joint Committee
comprising an equal number of representatives from the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha
Hluttaw to form that Committee. The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time
they have submitted the report to the Hluttaw concerned.
117. When both the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw have certain matters to
study, apart from matters to be performed by the Committees as prescribed in Sub-
Sections (a) and (b) of Section 115, the Speakers of these Hluttaws may co-ordinate
among themselves and form a Joint Committee comprising an equal number of
representatives from the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha Hluttaw. The Pyithu Hluttaw
may elect and assign the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives included in that Committee. The
term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time they have submitted the report to the
Hluttaw concerned.
118. (a) If there arises a need to study the remaining matters other than those
studied by the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees, the Pyithu Hluttaw may form
Commissions and Bodies with the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives or
including suitable citizens.
(b) In forming the above Commissions and Bodies, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall
determine the number of members, duties, powers, rights, and the terms
of the said Commissions and Bodies.
Term of the Pyithu Hluttaw

119. The term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is five years from the day of its first session.
42
116/ jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf n§dEIdif;&ef udpöay:aygufvQif
jynfov Yl w T af wmfEiS fh trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwrYkd S ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG yg0ifaom
yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,if;aumfrwDwiG f yg0ifrnhf
jynfov Yl w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf/
yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf oufqdkif&mvTwfawmfodkY tpD&ifcHpmwifoGif;
Ny;D onht f csed tf xd jzpfonf/
117/ jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYonff yk'fr 115 yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf

( c ) yg aumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&Guf&rnhfudpörsm;rSty taMumif;udpöwpf&yf&yfudk
vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfv;Hk u avhvm&ef&ydS gu ,if;vTwaf wmfrsm;\ Ouú|rsm;onf tcsi;f csi;f
nd§EIdif;í jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm
yg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfudk zGJUpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf
onf xdkaumfrwDwGifyg0ifrnhf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk a&G;aumuf
wifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf
oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoYkd tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f Ny;D onhf tcsed t
f xdjzpfonf/
118/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf jynfov Yl wT af wmfaumfrwDrsm;u avhvmaom

taMumif;udpörsm;rSty useftaMumif;udpörsm;udk avhvm&ef vdktyf
ygu aumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm;udk jynfov Yl w
T af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf
vnf;aumif;? oihfavsmfonhf EdkifiHom;rsm; xnhfoGif;ívnf;aumif;
zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(c) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf txufygaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzGUJ rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;onhf
tcg ,if;aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzGUJ rsm;\ tzGUJ 0ifO;D a&? wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh
&ydik cf iG Efh iS o fh ufwrf;udyk g owfrwS af y;&rnf/
jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;
119/ jynfov Yl w
T af wmf\oufwrf;onf ,if;vTwaf wmf\ yxrtBurd f tpnf;ta0;
pwifusi;f yonhf aeY&ufrpS í ig;ESpf jzpfonf/
43
Qualification of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
120. Persons who possess the following qualifications shall be entitled to be elected as
the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives :
(a) person who has attained the age of 25 years;
(b) citizen who was born of both parents who are citizens;
(c) person who has resided in the Union of Myanmar for at least ten consecutive
years up to the time of his election as Pyithu Hluttaw representative;
Proviso: The official period of stay in a foreign country with the permission
of the Union shall be counted as a residing period in the Union,
(d) person who possesses qualifications prescribed by the Election Law.
Disqualification for the Pyithu Hluttaw Representatives

121. The following persons shall not be entitled to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives :
(a) a person serving prison term, having been convicted by the Court concerned
for having committed an offence;
(b) a person who has no right to be elected a Pyithu Hluttaw representative
due to having committed an offence relating to disqualification for the Pyithu
Hluttaw representative and being convicted for such offence, unless the
period specified by the authority for him has not expired, before or after
the Constitution comes into operation;
(c) person who is of unsound mind as adjudged by the relevant law;
(d) person who is an undischarged insolvent as being declared by the relevant
court;
(e) person who owes allegiance to a foreign government, or subject to a
foreign government or a citizen of a foreign country;
43
jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;
120/ atmufygt&nftcsif;rsm;ESihf jynfhpHkolonf jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY vTwfawmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,tf jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh o dS nf –
(u) touf 25 ESpjf ynfNh y;D ol?
( c ) Edik if o
H m;rdbESpyf g;rS arG;zGm;aom Ekid if o H m;jzpfo?l
( * ) jynfov Yl w T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t
f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufc&H onhf
tcsed Ef iS fh wpfqufwnf; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfwiG f tenf;qH;k
10 ESpf tajccsaexdik cf o hJ ?l
>cif;csu/f Edik if aH wmf\ cGijfhyKcsujf zihf Edik if jH cm;odYk w&m;0ifomG ;a&muf
onhu f mvrsm;udv k nf; Ekid if aH wmfwiG f tajccsaexkid cf hJ
onhu f mvtjzpf xnfo h iG ;f a&wGu&f rnf/
(C) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya'wGif owfrw S x
f m;onhf t&nf
tcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynhpf o kH /l
jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHykdifcGihf r&Sdjcif;

121/ atmufygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufcyH idk cf iG rhf &Sad p& -
(u) jypfrIwpfckckudk usL;vGefojzihf oufqdkif&mw&m;½Hk;\ jypfrIxif&Sm;
pD&ifjcif;cH&í axmif'PfuscaH e&ol?
( c ) zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'tmPm rwnfru D jzpfap? tmPmwnfNy;D rS jzpfap
jynfov Yl wT af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f &nftcsi;f ysu,
f iG ;f aponhf jypfrjI zihf
jypf'PfcsrSwfcH&jcif;twGuf jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf cHyikd cf iG rfh &Sad Mumif; oufqidk &f mu owfrw S o
f nhf
umv ukeq f ;kH jcif; r&Sad o;ol?
( * ) pdwfayghoGyfonf[k oufqdkif&mOya'u jy|mef;xm;onhftwdkif;
owfrw S jf cif;cH&ol?
(C) vlrt GJ jzpf oufqidk &f mw&m;½H;k \ aMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufciG fh
r&ao;ol?
( i ) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ aus;Zl;opömudk cH,al pmihaf &Smuf½akd ool odrYk [kwf
Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\vufatmufcjH zpfol odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wpfyg;\ Ekid if o H m;
jzpfo?l
44
(f) person who is entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a
foreign government or a citizen of a foreign country;
(g) person himself or is of a member of an organization who obtains and
utilizes directly or indirectly the support of money, land, housing, building,
vehicle, property, so forth, from government or religious organization or
other organizations of a foreign country;
(h) person himself or is of a member of an organization who abets the act of
inciting, giving speech, conversing or issuing declaration to vote or not to
vote based on religion for political purpose;
(i) member of a religious order;
(j) Civil Services personnel;
Proviso: The expression shall not be applied to Civil Services
personnel including the Defence Services personnel
selected and appointed in the Hluttaws and organizations
formed under the Constitution.
(k) person himself or is of a member of an organization who obtains and
utilizes directly or indirectly the State-owned money, land, housing, building,
vehicle, property, so forth;
Proviso: (i) The expression ‘State-owned money’ does not include
pension, allowance, money or salary, allowances, money
officially granted by the Union for services rendered for
the benefit of the Union;
(ii) The expression ‘State-owned land, housing, building,
vehicles and property’ does not include State-owned land,
housing, building and apartments, other building and
44
(p) Edik if jH cm;tpd;k &\ vufatmufcjH zpfoal omfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f wpfyg;\
EdkifiHom;aomfvnf;aumif; cHpm;&aom tcGihfta&;rsm; odkYr[kwf
aus;Zl;cHpm;cGirfh sm;udk cHpm;Edik cf iG &fh o dS ?l
(q) EdkifiHjcm;wdkif;jynfwpfckck\ tpdk;& odkYr[kwf bmoma&;tzJGUtpnf;
odkYr[kwf tjcm;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;rS aiGaMu;? ajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk?
,mOf? ypön;f ponfwu Ykd kd wduk ½f u
kd jf zpfap? oG,0f ukd af omenf;jzihf jzpfap
taxmuftyH&h ,lo;kH pJo G l odrYk [kwf ,if;odYk taxmuftyHh &,lo;kH pJo G nhf
tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
(Z) EdkifiHa&;udpötwGuf bmoma&;udk taMumif;jyKí qE´rJay;&ef
aomfvnf;aumif;? qE´rJray;&efaomfvnf;aumif; ajymqdkjcif;?
a[majymjcif;? aMunmcsux f w
k jf yefjcif;ESifh ,if;odjYk yKvyk &f ef tm;ay;
vIaYH qmfjcif;jyKol odrYk [kwf ,if;odjYk yKvyk o f nhf tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
(ps) omoemh0efxrf;?
(n) Edik if 0hH efxrf;?
>cif;csu/f ,if;pum;&yfonf –
zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;aom vTwaf wmfrsm;ESihf
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif a&G;cs,fcefUtyfjcif;cH&onfh
wyfrawmfom;rsm; tygt0if EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm;ESifh
roufqikd af p&/
(#) EdkifiHawmfydkifaiGaMu;? ajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk? ,mOf? ypönf; ponf
wku Yd w kd u
dk ½f u
kd jf zpfap? oG,0f u kd af omenf;jzifjh zpfap &,lo;kH pGo J l odrYk [kwf
,if;odYk &,lo;kH pJo G nhf tzJUG tpnf;0ifjzpfo?l
>cif;csu/f (1) Edik if aH wmfyikd af iGaMu;[laom pum;&yfwiG f tNird ;f pm;
vpm? p&dwf? aiGaMu;aomfvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHawmf
tusK;d twGuf aqmif&u G of jzihf Ekid if aH wmfu w&m;0if
axmufychH s;D jri§ x fh m;aom vpm? p&dw?f aiGaMu;aomf
vnf;aumif; ryg0if?
(2) EdkifiHawmfydkifajr? tdrf? taqmufttHk? ,mOf?
ypön;f [laompum;&yfwiG f Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif;? wm0eft&aomfvnf;aumif; Ekid if aH wmf
45
apartments, State-owned aircraft, trains, vessels and motor
vehicles and property, so forth, which have been permitted
by the Union to be used under an existing law or as
required by duty, or leased from the Union on payment.
(l) a person who has no right to be elected a Pyithu Hluttaw representative
due to having committed a malpractice under relating to the Election Law
or acting an omission relating to disqualification for a Pyithu Hluttaw
representative being convicted under the Election Law, the period specified
by the authority for him has not expired, before or after the Constitution
comes into operation.
Qualifications of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services
personnel
122. The Defence Services personnel, nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services personnel
in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for the Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives.
Convening the Pyithu Hluttaw Session

123. The first regular session of a term of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be held within 90
days after the commencement of the general election.
124. (a) The first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be held by the State
Peace and Development Council after the Constitution comes into
operation.
(b) The first regular sessions for the forthcoming terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw
shall be held by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw who continues to perform
his duties in accord with the provisions of the Constitution.
45
u oHk;pJGcGihfjyKxm;aom odkYr[kwf EdkifiHawmfxHrS
tcaMu;aiGjzihf iSm;&rf;oHk;pJGaom EdkifiHawmfydkif ajr?
tdr?f taqmufttHEk iS fh tcef;rsm;? tjcm;taqmuf
ttHkESihf tcef;rsm;? EkdifiHawmfydkif av,mOf? &xm;?
oabFm? armfawmf,mOf? ypönf;ponfrsm; ryg0if/
(X) zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D jzpfap? tmPmwnfNy;D rSjzpfap
jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ft&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;aponhf
a&G;aumufyJGqdkif&m w&m;rJhjyKusifhrI usL;vGefjcif;aMumihf odkYr[kwf
a&G;aumufyq GJ ikd &f m Oya'ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f ef ysuu
f u
G jf cif;aMumihf
jynfov Yl wT af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf cHyikd cf iG fh
r&SdaMumif; oufqkdif&mu owfrSwfxm;onhfumv ukefqHk;jcif; r&Sd
ao;ol/
wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;

122/ wyfrawmfom; jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if; wifoGif;aom wyfrawmfom;
rsm;onf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw
S x
f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESifh jynhpf &kH rnf/
jynfolYvGwfawmftpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;
123/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;wpf&yf pwifaom yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;
ta0;udk taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ pwifusif;yonfhaeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif;
usi;f y&rnf/
124/ (u) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfNyD;aemuf yxrtBudrfjynfolY

vTwaf wmf ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;udk Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf UHG NzKd ;a&;
aumifpu D ac:,lusi;f y&rnf?
(c) jynfolYvTwfawmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;twGuf yxrtBudrf ykHrSef
tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuEf iS t fh nD wm0ef
qufvuf xrf;aqmifvsuf&Sdaom jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u ac:,l
usi;f y&rnf/
46
125. (a) The representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall take an affirmation of office
as mentioned in Schedule Four before the Chairperson of the Pyithu
Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) The representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw who have not taken an
affirmation of office shall do so before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the
session of the Pyithu Hluttaw at which they first attend.
126. The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall convene the regular session at least once
a year. The maximum interval between regular sessions shall not exceed 12 months.
127. The following functions shall be carried out at the Pyithu Hluttaw session :
(a) recording the address delivered by the President;
(b) reading and recording the message sent by the President and other
messages permitted by the Speaker;
(c) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;
(d) discussing and resolving on the matters to be undertaken by the Pyithu
Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;
(e) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Pyithu
Hluttaw;
(f) submitting proposals, discussing and resolving;
(g) raising questions and replying;
(h) performing matters approved by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
128. (a) The first day session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be valid if more than half
of the total number of the Hluttaw representatives, who have the right to
attend the session, are present. The session, if invalid, shall be adjourned.
46
125/ (u) yxrtBudrfusif;yaom jynfolYvTwfawmf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wGif
jynfov Yl w
T af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf obmywd
a&SUarSmufü Z,m; 4 wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; uwdopömjyK&rnf?
(c) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
pwifwufa&mufaom jynfov Yl wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwaf wmf
Ouú| a&SUarSmufü uwdopömjyK&rnf/
126/ jynfolYvTwfawmfykHrSeftpnf;ta0;ukd jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u wpfESpfvQif

tenf;qk;H wpfBurd f ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/ ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;wpfBurd Ef iS hf wpfBurd t
f Mum;
t&SnfMumqkH;umvonf 12 v xuf rykdap&/
127/ jynfovYl wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;udk aqmif&u G o

f nf –
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®w ajymMum;onfrh ed cYf eG ;f ukd rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( c ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ay;ykaYd omo0PfvmT ESihf Ouú|u cGijhf yKaom tjcm;
o0PfvmT rsm;ukd zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( * ) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(C) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;t& jynfolYvTwfawmfu
aqmif&u G &f rnfh udp&ö yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) jynfolYvTwfawmfokdY wifoGif;onfh tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;jcif;?
qk;H jzwfjcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( p ) tqkw d ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
(q) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
( Z ) jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|u cGifhjyKonfh udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
aqmif&u G jf cif;/
128/ (u) jynfov Yl w

T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\ yxraeYwiG f jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
tpnf;ta0;okdY wufa&mufcGihf&Sdonfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
pkpkaygif;OD;a&\ xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;
ta0; txajrmufonf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;udk
a&TUqdik ;f usi;f y&rnf?
47
(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the
Sub-Section (a) as well as the valid sessions that are extended will be
valid if at least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.
129. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Pyithu Hluttaw, save as otherwise
provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority of votes
of the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives who are present and voting.
(b) The Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Deputy Speaker discharging
duties as the Speaker at the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not vote in the first instance
in the sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise a casting
vote in the matter of an equality of votes.
130. (a) If a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is, without permission of the Pyithu
Hluttaw, absent from a Pyithu Hluttaw session for a period of at least 15
consecutive days, the Pyithu Hluttaw may declare his seat vacant. In
computing the said period of 15 days, no account shall be taken of any
period during which the session is adjourned.
(b) If the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw informed the Pyithu Hluttaw
that a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is absent from a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
session for a period of 15 consecutive days without permission, the Pyithu
Hluttaw shall take action against the said representative in accord with the
prescribed procedures.
47
(c) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0; txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqkdif;
usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0; txajrmufNy;D aemuf
qufvufusi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;
ta0;okdY wufa&mufcGihf&Sdonfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;
OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykw
H pfyHk wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;
rsm; txajrmufonf/
129/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmfwiG f tqH;k tjzwfjyK&rnfh taMumif;t&m wpf&yfEiS fh

pyfvsOf;í rJcGJqHk;jzwf&mü zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif tjcm;enf;
jy|mef;xm;jcif; r&Sv d Qif tpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufí qE´raJ y;onhf
jynfov Yl wT af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;\ rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qH;k jzwf&rnf?
( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif rJcGJqHk;jzwfonhf udpörsm;ü
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| odkYr[kwf Ouú|wm0ef xrf;aqmifaeonfh
'kwd,Ouú|onf qE´rJray;&/ axmufcHqE´rJESihf uefYuGufqE´rJ
ta&twGucf si;f wlnaD eonfu h pd &ö yfwiG o
f m tEdik rf aJ y;&rnf/
130/ (u) jynfov Yl w

T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,wf pfO;D onf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;
ta0;wpf&yfwGif jynfolYvTwfawmf\ cGihfjyKcsufr&bJ tpnf;ta0;
wufa&muf&ef tenf;qH;k &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysuu f uG f
vQif owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD xdkjynfolYvTwfawmf
udk,fpm;vS,f\ae&m vpfvyfonf[k jynfolYvTwfawmfu aMunm
Edik o
f nf/ jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf&ef cGirfh yhJ suu f u
G f
onfh &ufaygif; 15 &ufukd a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0; a&TUqdik ;f xm;onfh
umvudk xnfo h iG ;f a&wGujf cif; rjyK&?
(c) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&muf&rnfh jynfolY
vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;
ta0;wpf & yf w G i f vT w f a wmf \ cG i h f j yKcsuf r &bJ tpnf ; ta0;
wufa&muf&ef &ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf;ysufuGufaMumif;
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,uxHrS taMumif;Mum;csuf &&Sv d Qif jynfoYl
vTwfawmfu ,if;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftm; owfrSwfxm;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD ta&;,l&rnf/
48
131. Although there are vacant seats, the Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the right to carry out
its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall not be
annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled to do so sat or
voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.
132. The proceedings and the records of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be published. However,
the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the Pyithu
Hluttaw shall not be published.
133. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the law relating to the
Pyithu Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives shall have freedom of
speech and voting at the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committee.
Concerning the discussing, submitting and performing at the Pyithu Hluttaw
and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees, no action shall be taken against a
Pyithu Hluttaw representative except under its law.
relating to the Pyithu Hluttaw, members of the organizations or persons
representing any of the Union level organizations formed under the
Constitution who are permitted or invited to attend the session of the
Pyithu Hluttaw or any committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw have the freedom
of speech at the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees. No
action shall be taken against such members or persons for their submissions
and speeches in the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw Committees
by other law except under its law.

48
131/ jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af e&mtcsKUd vpfvyfaeapumrl
jynfolYvTwfawmfvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdonf/ xdkUtjyif tcGihfta&; r&Sdol
wpfO;D u jynfov Yl wT af wmftpnf;ta0;odYk wufa&mufjcif;? qE´raJ y;jcif; odUk r[kwf
vTwfawmfvkyfief; wpf&yf&yfwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcJhjcif;udk aemiftcgwGifrS ppfaq;
awGU&Sad pumrl jynfov Yl w
T af wmf\ qH;k jzwfaqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif; r&Sad p&/
132/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk trsm;jynfol

od&EdS ikd &f ef xkwjf yef&rnf/ od&Yk mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap? jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf\
qHk;jzwfcsuft&jzpfap? wm;jrpfxm;onfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESihf rSwfwrf;rsm;udk
xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
133/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg

jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'yg
jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfESihf
jynfov Yl w T af wmfaumfrwDww Ykd iG f vGwvf yfpmG ajymqdck iG Ehf iS fh qE´rJ ay;cGihf
&So
d nf/ xko d Ykd jynfov Yl wT af wmfEiS hf jynfov Yl w
T af wmfaumfrwDrsm;wGif
wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&u G jf cif;wdEYk iS fh pyfvsO;f í jynfov Yl w
T af wmf
udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;tm; jynfolYvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;
Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
(c) jynfov Yl wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap? jynfov Yl w
T af wmf aumfrwD
wpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap wufa&muf&ef cGijhf yKjcif; odrYk [kwf
zdwMf um;jcif;cH&aom zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpk
tqihf tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;
odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;onf zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omf
vnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl w T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omf
vnf;aumif; rqefYusifvQif jynfolYvTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfolY
vTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGm ajymqdkcGifh&Sdonf/ jynfolY
vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;wGif wifjy
ajymqdrk rI sm;ESifh pyfvsO;f í ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*K¾d vrf sm;
tm; jynfov Yl wT af wmfqikd &f m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;
rjyK&?
49
regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the existing laws.
134. (a) If there is a need to arrest a Pyithu Hluttaw representative attending the
session or a person attending the Pyithu Hluttaw session with the permission
or invitation of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the credible evidence
shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw. He shall not be
arrested without the prior permission of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) If there is a need to arrest a member of a Committee or Commission or
the Body of the Pyithu Hluttaw attending session of any Committee or
session of Commission or the Body formed by the Pyithu Hluttaw, the
credible evidence shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw
through the Head of the Committee or Commission or Body concerned.
He shall not be arrested without the prior permission of the Speaker of the
Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) If a Pyithu Hluttaw representative is arrested, the Pyithu Hluttaw or the
Pyithu Hluttaw Committee or the Commission or the Body formed by the
Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, the credible evidence in support of such
arrest shall as soon as possible be submitted to the Speaker of the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
135. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents, and Hluttaw records
published by the Pyithu Hluttaw or under its authority.
49
(*) yk'frcGJ (u) ESifh ( c ) wGif yg&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;onf txufyg tcGihf
ta&;rsm;ukd usio hf ;Hk Mu&mwGif uk,
d x
f vd ufa&mufusL;vGerf rI sm;&Scd yhJ gu
,if;wko Yd nf jynfov Yl w T af wmf\ pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;? vkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;
t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,ljcif;
cH&rnf/
134/ (u) jynfov Yl w T af wmftpnf;ta0; wufa&mufaeaom jynfov Yl w

T af wmf
udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udkjzpfap? vTwfawmfOuú|\ cGifhjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf
zdwfMum;csuft& ,if;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufaeaom yk*d¾Kvf
wpfO;D udk jzpfap zrf;qD;&efvt kd yfygu cdik vf akH omtaxmuftxm;udk
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|\
BuKd wifciG jfh yKcsurf &&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
( c ) jynfov Yl w T af wmf aumfrwDwpf&yf&yf\ tpnf;ta0;wGiaf omfvnf;
aumif;? jynfolYvTwfawmfu zJGUpnf;aom aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGU
wpfckck\ tpnf;ta0;wGifaomfvnf;aumif; tpnf;ta0; wuf
a&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGU\ tzJGU0if
wpfOD;tm; zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;udk
oufqikd &f maumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odrYk [kwf tzJUG \ tBu;D trSL;rSwpfqifh
jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú|\
BuKd wifciG jhf yKcsuf r&&Sb d J zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
( * ) jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwD odkYr[kwf
jynfov Yl w T af wmfu zJUG pnf;aomaumfr&SiEf iS fh tzJUG tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
csed rf [kwv f Qif jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm; zrf;qD;ygu
xdkodkY zrf;qD;jcif;ESihf pyfvsOf;onfh cdkifvHkaomtaxmuftxm;udk
jynfov Yl w T af wmfOuú|xH aqmvsipf mG wifjy&rnf/
135/ jynfolYvTwfawmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;vTwfawmf\ tcGifhtmPmt&
aomfvnf;aumif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0onhf tpD&ifcHpmrsm;? pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? vTwfawmf
rSww
f rf;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í w&m;pJq G ykd ikd cf iG hf r&Sad p&/
50
Submission of Bill
136. Bills relating to other matters , except the matters prescribed in the Constitution
that the Bill shall be submitted and passed exclusively by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in
the Schedule One of Union Legislative List, shall be initiated in the Pyithu Hluttaw in
accord with the prescribed procedures.
137. (a) After issuing any rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted
by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and submit
the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the nearest
regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw with the permitted arrangement of
the Speaker of the Hluttaw.
(b) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the
provisions of relevant law, Hluttaw representatives may move to annul or
amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Pyithu Hluttaw within 90 days
from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and distributed.
(c) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha
Hluttaw to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be
submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
138. (a) If Bills submitted by any Union level organization formed under the
Constitution are sent in accord with the prescribed procedures of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that such Bills are initiated in the
Pyithu Hluttaw, and shall be discussed and resolved in the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) Bills relating to other matters , except the matters prescribed in the
Constitution that the Bill shall be submitted and passed exclusively by the
50
136/ Z,m; 1 yg jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif azmfjyaom udpö&yfrsm;teuf
jynfaxmifpvk wT af wmfwiG o
f m Oya'Murf; wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ü jy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;ESit
hf nD jynfov Yl w
T af wmfwiG f Oya'Murf; pwifwifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf/
137/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonfh enf;Oya'?

pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk xkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcg
oufqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonhf enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;
odrYk [kwf pnf;urf;udk teD;uyfq;kH usi;f yaom jynfov Yl wT af wmf yHrk eS f
tpnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonhf tpDtpOfjzihf
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;xH jzefaY 0wifjy&rnf?
(c) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqdkif&m
Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwf
jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f odrYk [kwf pnf;urf; jzefaY 0wifjyaom
aeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGi;f vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfwiG f tqdw k ifoiG ;f Edik o
f nf?
(*) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef
odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef qH;k jzwf&mwGif jynfov Yl wT af wmfEiS fh trsK;d om;
vTwaf wmfwYkd oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoUkd wifjy&rnf/
138/ (u) zGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onfh jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfu wifoiG ;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf
u owfrSwfxm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ay;ydkYvmvQif jynfolY
vTwfawmfwGif pwifwifoGif;aom Oya'Murf;[k rSwf,lí jynfolY
vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(c) jynfov Yl wT af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKpm&if;wGif
yg&Sdaomudpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüom Oya'Murf;
51
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in the Union Legislative List, shall be initiated
in the Pyithu Hluttaw in accord with the law. Such Bills shall be discussed
and resolved by the Pyithu Hluttaw under the prescribed procedures.
(c) The Bills passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be sent to the Amyotha Hluttaw
to continue to discuss and resolve.
139. (a) After receiving a Bill sent by the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw
may resolve to agree or disagree, or agree with amendments in accord
with the resolution of the Amyotha Hluttaw. The Bill shall be sent back to
the Amyotha Hluttaw together with the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) When the Pyithu Hluttaw recieves the Bill with amendments from the
Amyotha Hluttaw it shall, if it accepts the Bill with amendments of the
Amyotha Hluttaw, send to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(c) If there is a disagreement between the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Amyotha
Hluttaw relating to the Bill sent to the Amyotha Hluttaw, the Pyithu Hluttaw
shall take the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
140. Members of the organization representing any Union level Body formed under the
Constitution are entitled :
(a) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies
when they are attending the Pyithu Hluttaw session with the permission of
the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(b) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies
when they are attending sessions of the Committees, Commissions and
Bodies of the Pyithu Hluttaw with the permission of the Head of the
Committee, Commission or Body concerned.
51
wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ü owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;
onhf udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsO;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk
Oya'ESit fh nD jynfov Yl w
T af wmfoYkd pwifwifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf/ ,if;Oya'
Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD jynfolY
(*) jynfolYvTwfawmfu twnfjyKonhf Oya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvuf
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfEikd &f ef trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfoYkd ay;yd&Yk rnf/
139/ (u) jynfolYvTwfawmfonf trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu ay;ydkYaom Oya'Murf;

wpf&yfudk vufcH&&Sdonhftcg trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu qHk;jzwfonfh
twdkif; oabmwlaMumif; odkYr[kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odkYr[kwf
jyifqifcsurf sm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf/ xdOk ya'Murf;
udk jynfolYvTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtwl trsKd;om;vTwfawmfodkY
jyefvnfay;yd&Yk rnf?
(c) jynfov Yl wT af wmfu ay;ydcYk o
hJ nhOf ya'Murf;udk trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu
jyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYvmvQif jynfolYvTwfawmfonf
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ jyifqifcsufudk vufcHygu ,if;Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,uxH ay;yd&Yk rnf?
(*) jynfov Yl w T af wmfonf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfoYkd ay;ydcYk ahJ om Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfESifhpyfvsOf;í trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf oabmuJGvJGvQif
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf &,l&rnf/
140/ zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zJGUpnf;onhf jynfaxmifpktqifh tzJGUtpnf;

wpf&yf&yfukd ud,
k pf m;jyKaom tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;onf –
(u) jynfov Yl w
T af wmfOuú|\ cGijhf yKcsujf zifh jynfov Yl w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;
odYk wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om Oya'Murf;
rsm; okrYd [kwf udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdak qG;aEG;cGihf &do
S nf?
( c ) jynfolYvTwfawmfaumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sifrsm;ESihf tzJGUrsm;\ tpnf;
ta0;rsm;odkY ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGUtBuD;trSL;\
cGijhf yKcsujf zihf wufa&mufonht f cg rdrt d zJUG tpnf;ESifh oufqikd af om
Oya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf/
52
Amyotha Hluttaw
Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw
141. The Amyotha Hluttaw shall be formed with a maximum of 224 Hluttaw
representatives as follows :
(a) 168 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives elected in an equal number of 12
representatives from each Region or State inclusive of relevant Union
territories and including one representative from each Self-Administered
Division or Self-Administered Zone;
(b) 56 Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services
personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
in accord with the law, four representatives from each Region or State
inclusive of relevant Union territories;
(c) in forming the Amyotha Hluttaw as mentioned in Sub-Sections (a) and
(b), the relevant Union Territory means the Union Territories, prescribed
under the Constitution, or prescribed by law of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw,
which are inclusive in State or Division, Region or State for the purpose of
electing the Amyotha Hluttaw representative.
Election of Chairperson of the Amyotha Hluttaw
142. Election of Chairperson of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the
provisions relating to the election of Chairperson of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 110.
52
trsKd ; om;vT w f a wmf
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;
141/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& trsm;qkH; 224 OD;jzihf
atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf –
(u) ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o wpfcpk rD S
ud, k pf m;vS,w f pfO;D pD yg0ifapNy;D oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;
tygt0if wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f w pf c k p D t wG u f
udk,fpm;vS,f 12 OD;uspD wlnDpGmjzihf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf
trsKd;om; vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f 168 OD;?
( c ) oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm; tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fwpfckpDtwGuf udk,fpm;vS,fav;OD;uspDjzihf wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if; wifoGif;onhf
wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f 56 OD;?
( * ) yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf ( c ) wGif azmfjyxm;onhftwdkif; zGJUpnf;&mwGif
oufqikd &f m jynfaxmifpek ,fajrqdo k nfrmS zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't&
owfrSwfxm;onhf jynfaxmifpke,fajrrsm;onf vnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í owfrw S af om jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrrsm;onfvnf;aumif; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,f
a&G;aumufwifajr§muf&ef udpötvdkYiSm tqdkyge,fajryg0ifcJhonhf
jynfe,f odrYk [kwf wdik ;f wGijf zpfap? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fwiG f
jzpfap yg0ifjcif;udq k o
dk nf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf obmywd wifajr§mufjcif;

142/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf obmywdwifajrm§ ufjcif;udk yk'rf 110 yg jynfoYl vTwaf wmf
obmywdwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
53
Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw
143. Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be
carried out subject to the provisions relating to the election of the Speaker and the Deputy
Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 111.
Duties of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw

144. The duties of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions
relating to the duties of the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 112.
Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of
the Amyotha Hluttaw
145. Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of
the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions relating to the performance and
termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under
Section 113.
146. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw Committees, Commissions and Bodies

147. (a) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall form Bill Committee, Public Accounts
Committee, Hluttaw Rights Committee, and Government’s Guarantees,
Pledges and Undertakings Vetting Committee with the Amyotha Hluttaw
representatives.
(b) When the occasion arises to have studies made and submitted on defence
and security matters or Military affairs, the Amyotha Hluttaw shall form
the Defence and Security Committee with the Amyotha Hluttaw
representatives who are the Defence Services personnel, for a limited
53
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;
143/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;udk
yk'rf 111 yg jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw,
d Ouú| a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m
jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef
144/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|\ vkyif ef;wm0efonf yk'rf 112 yg jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf
Ouú|\ vkyif ef;wm0efqikd &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f jzpfonf/
trsKd ; om;vT w f a wmf Ouú | ES i h f 'k w d , Ouú | wd k U \ wm0ef x rf ; aqmif j cif ; ES i f h

&yfpJjcif;
145/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|ESifh 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh
&yfpJjcif;wdkYonf yk'fr 113 yg jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\ wm0ef
xrf;aqmifjcif;? &yfpjJ cif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f jzpfonf/
146/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw,

d Ouú|wd\
Yk wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh &ydik cf iG fh
rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfaumfrwD? aumfr&SifESifh tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;jcif;

147/ (u) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf Oya'Murf;aumfrwD? jynfolYaiGpm&if;
aumfrwD? vTwfawmftcGifhta&;aumfrwD? tpdk;&\tmrcHcsufrsm;?
uwdrsm;ESihf wm0efcHcsufrsm; pdppfa&;aumfrwDwdkYudk trsKd;om;
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
( c ) umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif;? wyfrawmf
qdkif&m udpörsm;udkvnf;aumif; avhvmwifjyap&ef taMumif;
ay:aygufygu trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;
aumfrwDukd wyfrawmfom; trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf
umvowfrSwfí zGJUpnf;&rnf/ xdkodkYzGJUpnf;onhf umuG,fa&;ESihf
vkNH cKaH &;aumfrwDonf vkyif ef;vdt k yfcsut
f & wyfrawmfom; r[kwf
54
time. The Defence and Security Committee so formed may, if necessary,
be included suitable Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are not the
Defence Services personnel in accord with the volume of work.
(c) If there arises a need to study and submit on other affairs, in addition to
legislature, executive, national races affairs, economics, finance, social and
foreign affairs, the Hluttaw Committees may be formed with the Amyotha
Hluttaw representatives for a limited time.
(d) The Amyotha Hluttaw shall determine the number of members, duties,
powers, rights, and term of the Amyotha Hluttaw Committees.
148. If there arises a certain matter to co-ordinate with the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha
Hluttaw may elect and assign its representatives who will serve with the Joint Committee
comprising an equal number of representatives from the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu
Hluttaw to form that Committee. The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time
they have submitted the report to the Hluttaw concerned.
149. When both the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw have certain matters to
study, apart from matters to be performed by the Committees as prescribed in Sub-
Sections (a) and (b) of Section 147, the Speakers of these Hluttaws may co-ordinate
among themselves and form a Joint Committee comprising an equal number of
representatives from the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Amyotha Hluttaw
may elect and assign the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives included in that Committee.
The term of the Joint Committee shall be until the time they have submitted the report to
the Hluttaw concerned.
150. Formation of the Amyotha Hluttaw Commissions and Bodies of the Amyotha
Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the provisions relating to the formation of Commission
and Bodies of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 118.
54
aom oihfavsmfonfh trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udkvnf;
xnho f iG ;f zGUJ pnf;&ef vdtk yfygu zGUJ pnf;Edik o f nf?
(*) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf Oya'jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;? wdkif;&if;om;
vlrsKd;rsm;ta&;? pD;yGm;a&;? b@ma&;? vlrIa&;? EdkifiHjcm;a&;wdkYtjyif
tjcm;a&;&m udpörsm;udk avhvmwifjyap&ef vdktyfygu vTwfawmf
aumfrwDrsm;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzihf umv
owfrw S í f zGUJ pnf;Edik o
f nf?
(C) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfaumfrwDrsm;\ tzGUJ 0if
OD;a&? wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;wdu
Yk kd owfrw
S af y;&rnf/
148/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf jynfov Yl wT af wmfEiS fh ndE§ idI ;f &efupd ö ay:aygufvmvQif
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh jynfovYl wT af wmfwrYkd S ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& wlnpD mG yg0ifaom
yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,if;aumfrwDwiG yf g0ifrnhf
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf/
yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoYkd tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f Ny;D
onhf tcsed t
f xdjzpfonf/
149/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkYonf yk'fr 147 yk'frcGJ (u) ESihf

( c ) yg aumfrwDrsm;u aqmif&Guf&rnhf udpörsm;rSty taMumif;udpöwpf&yf&yfudk
vTwaf wmfEpS &f yfv;Hk u avhvm&ef&ydS gu ,if;vTwaf wmfrsm;\ Ouú|rsm;onf tcsi;f csi;f
nd§EIdif;í trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf jynfolYvTwfawmfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGm
yg0ifaom yl;aygif;aumfrwDwpf&yfukd zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf/ trsK;d om; vTwaf wmf
onf xdak umfrwDwiG yf g0ifrnhf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumuf
wifajr§muf wm0efay;tyfEdkifonf/ ,if;yl;aygif;aumfrwD\ oufwrf;onf
oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfoYkd tpD&ifcpH mwifoiG ;f Ny;D onhf tcsed t f xdjzpfonf/
150/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf aumfr&SiEf iS t hf zGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;udk yk'rf 118 yg jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfaumfr&SiEf iS hf tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f aqmif&u G f
&rnf/
55
Term of the Amyotha Hluttaw
151. The term of the Amyotha Hluttaw is the same as the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
The term of the Amyotha Hluttaw expires on the day of the expiry of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Qualifications of the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives

152. The Amyotha Hluttaw representatives shall be :
(a) persons who have attained the age of 30 years;
(b) persons who have qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, entitled
to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed under Section
120;
(c) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under Section
121 which disqualified a person from standing for election as the Pyithu
Hluttaw representatives.
Qualifications of the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence

Services personnel
Defence Services as the Amyotha Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence Services
personnel in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for the Amyotha
Convening of the Amyotha Hluttaw Session

154. (a) The commencement of the term of the Amyotha Hluttaw is the day of the
commencement of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) The first regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be held within seven
days after the commencement of the term of that Hluttaw.
155. Convening the Amyotha Hluttaw session shall be carried out subject to the provisions
relating to convening of the Pyithu Hluttaw sessions under Sections 124 to 135.
55
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;
151/ trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf\ oufwrf;onf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf\oufwrf;ESit
fh nD
jzpfonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\oufwrf; ukefqkH;aomaeYwGif trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\
oufwrf;onfvnf; ukefqkH;onf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;

152/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf -
(u) touf 30 ESpf jynfNh y;D olrsm; jzpf&rnf?
( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh adS om
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynhpf &kH rnf?
( * ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;
oufqikd af p&rnf/
wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;

153/ wyfrawmfom; trsKd;om;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;
rsm;onf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw
S x
f m;onhf t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESifh jynfph &kH rnf/
trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; usif;yjcif;

154/ (u) trsKd ; om;vT w f a wmf o uf w rf ; pwif o nf h a eY & uf o nf jynf o l Y
vTwaf wmfoufwrf; pwifonfh aeY&ufjzpfonf?
( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;udk ,if;
vTwaf wmf\oufwrf; pwifonfah eYrS ckepf&uftwGi;f usi;f y&rnf/
155/ trsKd;om;vTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;udk yk'fr 124 rS 135 xdyg

jynfolYvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;qdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&Guf
&rnf/
56
Submission of Bill
156. Bills relating to other matters, except the matters prescribed in the Constitution
that the Bill was submitted and passed exclusively by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in
Union Legislative List, shall be initiated in the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
157. (a) After issuing a rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted
by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and submit
the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the nearest
regular session of the Amyotha Hluttaw with the permitted arrangement of
the Speaker of the Hluttaw.
(b) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the
amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Amyotha Hluttaw within 90
days from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and
distributed.
(c) If there is a disagreement between the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu
Hluttaw to annul or amend any rule, regulation or by-law, it shall be
submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
158. (a) If Bills submitted by any Union level organization formed under the
Constitution are sent in accord with prescribed procedures of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that such Bills are initiated in the
Amyotha Hluttaw, and shall be discussed and resolved in the Amyotha
Hluttaw.
(b) Bills relating to other matters, except the matters prescribed in the
Constitution that the Bill was submitted and passed exclusively by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw stated in the Union Legislative List shall be initiated in
56
156/ jynfaxmifpkOya'jyKpm&if;wGif azmfjyaom udpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfwiG o
f m Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ü jy|mef;
xm;onfh udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;udk owfrw
S x
f m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit
fh nD
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwiG f Oya'Murf; pwifwifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf/
157/ (u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfujy|mef;onfh Oya't&jyKonhf enf;Oya'?

pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk xkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcg
oufqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf;
odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk teD;uyfqHk;usif;yaom trsKd;om;vTwfawmf
yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;umvwGif vTwaf wmfOuú|u cGijfh yKonft h pDtpOfjzihf
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xH jzefaY 0wifjy&rnf?
( c ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqdkif&m
Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;udk y,fzsuf&ef odkYr[kwf
jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f odrYk [kwf pnf;urf; jzefaY 0 wifjyaom
aeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfwiG f tqdw k ifoiG ;f Edik o
f nf?
( * ) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfudk y,fzsuf&ef
odrYk [kwf jyifqifap&ef qH;k jzwf&mwGif trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfEiS fh jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfwYkd oabmuGv J yJG gu jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfoYkd wifjy&rnf/
158/ (u) zGUJ pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qihf tzGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfu wifoiG ;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf
u owfrSwfxm;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD ay;ydkYvmvQif trsKd;om;
vTwaf wmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aom Oya'Murf;[k rSw, f í
l trsK;d om;
( c ) trsKd;om;vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf jynfaxmifpkOya'jyK
pm&if;wGif yg&Sdaom udpö&yfrsm;teuf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfüom
Oya'Murf; wifoiG ;f qH;k jzwf&rnf[k zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ü owfrw S f
jy|mef;xm;onhf udpö&yfrsm;rSty usefudpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;aom
57
the Amyotha Hluttaw in accord with the law. Such Bills shall be discussed
and resolved by the Amyotha Hluttaw under the prescribed procedures.
(c) The Bills passed by the Amyotha Hluttaw shall be sent to the Pyithu Hluttaw
to continue to discuss and to resolve.
159. (a) After receiving a Bill sent by the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw
may resolve to agree or disagree, or agree with amendments in accord
with the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Bill shall be sent back to the
Pyithu Hluttaw together with the resolution of the Amyotha Hluttaw.
(b) When the Amyotha Hluttaw recieves the Bill with amendments from the
Pyithu Hluttaw it shall, if it accepts the Bill with amendments of the Pyithu
Hluttaw, send to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(c) If there is a disagreement between the Amyotha Hluttaw and the Pyithu
Hluttaw relating to the Bill sent to the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha Hluttaw
shall obtain the resolution of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
160. Members representing any Union level Body formed under the Constitution are
entitled :
(a) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies
when they are attending the Amyotha Hluttaw session with the permission
of the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(b) to explain, converse and discuss Bills or matters relating to their Bodies
when they are attending sessions of the Committees, Commissions and
Bodies of the Amyotha Hluttaw with the permission of the Head of the
Committee, Commission or Body concerned.
57
Oya'Murf;rsm;udk Oya'ESit fh nD trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfoYkd pwif wifoiG ;f
cGi&fh o
dS nf/ ,if;Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S x f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh
tnD trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
(*) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu twnfjyKonfhOya'Murf;rsm;udk qufvuf
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwfEikd &f ef jynfovYl w
T af wmfoYkd ay;yd&Yk rnf/
159/ (u) trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf jynfolYvTwfawmfu ay;ydkYaom Oya'Murf;

wpf&yfukd vufc&H &So d nht
f cg jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu qH;k jzwfonht f wdik ;f
oabmwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf oabmrwlaMumif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifcsuf
rsm;jzifh oabmwlaMumif; qH;k jzwfEikd o f nf/ xkOd ya'Murf;udk trsK;d om;
vTwfawmf\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtwl jynfolYvTwfawmfodkY jyefvnf
ay;yd&Yk rnf?
( c ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu ay;ydcYk o hJ nhOf ya'Murf;udk jynfov Yl wT af wmfu
jyifqifcsufrsm;jzifh jyefvnfay;ydkYvmvQif trsKd;om;vTwfawmfonf
jynfolYvTwfawmf\ jyifqifcsufudk vufcHygu ,if;Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf em,uxH ay;yd&Yk rnf?
( * ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfonf jynfov Yl w
T af wmfoYkd ay;ydcYk ahJ om Oya'Murf;
wpf&yfEiS pfh yfvsO;f í jynfovYl w
T af wmfEiS fh oabmuJv G v GJ Qif jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ tqHk;tjzwf &,l&rnf/
160/ zJUG pnf;yHtk ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onhf jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzJUG tpnf; wpf&yf&yf
udk ud,
k pf m;jyKaom tzJUG tpnf;0ifrsm;onf –
(u) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijhf yKcsujf zifh trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;
ta0;odkY wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaom
Oya'Murf;rsm; okdYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf?
( c ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf aumfrwDrsm;? aumfr&Sirf sm;ESifh tzJUG rsm;\ tpnf;
ta0;rsm;odkY ,if;aumfrwD? aumfr&Sif odkYr[kwf tzJGUtBuD;trSL;\
cGihfjyKcsufjzihf wufa&mufonfhtcg rdrdtzJGUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaom
Oya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í &Sif;vif;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;cGi&hf o dS nf/
58
Region Hluttaw or State Hluttaw
Formation of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw
161. The Region or State Hluttaw shall be formed with the following persons :
(a) representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw, two of each are elected
from each township in the Regions or the States;
(b) representatives of the Region Hluttaw, each is elected from each national
race determined by the authorities concerned as having a population
which constitutes 0.1 percent and above of the population of the Union,
of the remaining national races other than those who have already obtained
the respective Region or a Self-Administered Area in that Region;
(c) representatives of the State Hluttaw, each is elected from each national
race determined by the authorities concerned as having a population
which constitutes 0.1 percent and above of the population of the Union,
of the remaining national races other than those who have already obtained
respective State or a Self-Administered Area in that State;
(d) representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw who are the Defence
Services in accord with the law for an equal number of one-third of the
total number of Hluttaw representatives elected under Sub-Sections (a)
and (b) or (a) and (c).

58
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;jcif;

161/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfukd atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;&rnf –
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;wGif NrKd Ue,fwpfNrKd Ue,fvQif ESpOf ;D uspD
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;rsm;wGif xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; &&SdNyD;aom odkYr[kwf
xdkwdkif;a'oBuD;twGif; udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpk &&SdNyD;aom
wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;rSty usew f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;teuf avsmu f ef
oihfjrwfaom vlOD;a&jzpfonfh EdkifiHawmf&Sd vlOD;a&pkpkaygif;\
okn'orwpf&mcdik Ef eI ;f ESifh txuf&adS Mumif; oufqikd &f mu owfrw S f
aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;u vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;vQif wpfOD;uspD
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufonhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
( * ) jynfe,frsm;wGif xdkjynfe,f&&SdNyD;aom odkYr[kwf xdkjynfe,ftwGif;
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& pD&ifpk&&SdNyD;aom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;rSty
usew f ikd ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;teuf avsmu f efoihjf rwfaom vlO;D a&jzpfonfh
Edik if aH wmf&dS vlO;D a& pkpak ygif;\ okn'orwpf&mcdik Ef eI ;f ESifh txuf&dS
aMumif; oufqdkif&mu owfrSwfaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;toD;oD;u
vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;vQif wpfOD;uspD a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonhf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(C) yk'rf cGJ (u) ESifh ( c ) odrYk [kwf yk'rf cGJ (u) ESifh ( * ) wdt Yk & a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fpkpkaygif;\ okH;ykHwpfykHESifh
nDrQaom wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit fh nD trnfpm&if;
wifoGif;onhf wyfrawmfom;wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;/
59
Election of the Chairperson of the Region or State Hluttaw
162. Election of Chairperson of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be carried
out subject to the provisions relating to the election of Chairperson of the Pyithu Hluttaw
under Section 110.
Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the
State Hluttaw
163. Election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the
State Hluttaw shall be carried out subject to the provisions relating to the election of the
Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw under Section 111.
Duties of the Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

164. The Speaker of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall :
(a) supervise the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw sessions;
(b) invite the President, if he is informed of the President’s desire to address
the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw;
(c) make necessary arrangement if the Chief Minister of the Region or State
informs his desire to address;
(d) have the right to invite members of the organization or persons representing
any Region or State level organization formed under the Constitution to
attend the session of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw and give
clarifications on matters relating to ongoing discussions, if necessary;
(e) perform other duties and powers prescribed by the Constitution or any
law.
59
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf obmywdwifajr§mufjcif;
162/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw
T af wmf obmywdwifajrm§ ufjcif;
udk yk'rf 110 yg jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf obmywdwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,f vTwfawmfOuú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|

a&G;aumufwifajjrr§mufjcif;
163/ wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|ESifh 'kwd,Ouú|
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;udk yk'fr 111 yg jynfolYvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twkid ;f aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|\ vkyfief;wm0ef

164/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf –
(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk
Bu;D MuyfuyG u f &J rnf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkYwuf
a&mufí rdefYcGef;ajymMum;vdkaMumif; EdkifiHawmfor®wu taMumif;
Mum;vQif Edik if aH wmfor®wtm; zdwMf um;&rnf?
( * ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;vdak Mumif;
taMumif;Mum;vQif vdt k yfovdk pDpOfaqmif&u G af y;&rnf?
(C) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;
aqmif&GufqJ taMumif;t&m wpf&yf&yfESihf pyfvsOf;í vdktyfvQif
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftqihf tzGUJ tpnf;wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;
0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;udk wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
odYk wufa&muf&iS ;f vif;wifjyap&ef zdwMf um;cGi&fh o dS nf?
( i ) zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomf
vnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;onhf tjcm;wm0efESihf vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
60
Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of
the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw
165. Performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of
the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be subject to the provisions relating to the
performance and termination of duties of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the
Pyithu Hluttaw in Section 113.
166. Duties, powers and rights of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Region
Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
Formation of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw Committee and Bodies
167. (a) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw may, if necessary, form Committee
and Bodies with the Region or State Hluttaw representatives concerned
to study and submit legislation, national races affairs vested by the
Constitution.
(b) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw may form above Committees
and Bodies including suitable citizens.
(c) The Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw shall prescribe the number of
members, duties, powers, rights and terms of the Committees or Bodies
in forming those Committees and Bodies.
Term of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw

168. The term of the Region or State Hluttaw is the same as the term of the Pyithu
Hluttaw. The term of the Region or State Hluttaw expires on the day of the expiry of the
Pyithu Hluttaw.
60
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|ESihf 'kwd,Ouú|wdkY\
wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESifh &yfpJjcif;
165/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESihf 'kw,d Ouú|wd\ Yk wm0ef
xrf;aqmifjcif;ESihf &yfpjJ cif;udk yk'rf 113 yg jynfov Yl w
T af wmf Ouú|ESifh 'kw,
d Ouú|wd\ Yk
wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;ESihf &yfpjJ cif;qdik &f m jy|mef;csurf sm;twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
166/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|ESifh 'kw,

d Ouú|wd\
Yk wm0ef?
vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh &ydik cf iG rfh sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf aumfrwDESifh tzGJUrsm;

zGJUpnf;jcif;
167/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH Oya'
t& tyfESif;xm;onhf Oya'jyKa&;? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm; ta&;udk
avhvmwifjyEdik af pa&;twGuf vdt k yfonht f cg aumfrwDEiS fh tzGUJ rsm;udk
oufqikd &f m wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;Edik o
f nf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf txufygaumfrwDEiS fh
tzJUG rsm;wGif oihaf vsmo f nhf Edik if o H m;rsm;udk xnho f iG ;f zJUG pnf;Edik o
f nf?
( * ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf aumfrwDEiS t fh zJUG rsm;
udk zJUG pnf;onht f cg ,if;aumfrwD odrYk [kwf tzJUG rsm;\ tzJUG 0ifO;D a&?
wm0ef? vkyyf ikd cf iG ?fh &ydik cf iG Efh iS fh oufwrf;udyk g owfrw S af y;&rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;

168/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvwT af wmf\oufwrf;onf jynfov Yl w
T af wmf
\ oufwrf;ESihftnDjzpfonf/ jynfolYvTwfawmf\ oufwrf;ukefqkH;aomaeYwGif
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw
T af wmf\oufwrf;onfvnf; ukeq f ;Hk onf/
61
Qualifications of the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw representatives
169. The Region or State Hluttaw representatives shall :
(a) have qualifications entitled to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives under Section 120;
(b) shall be subject to the provisions of Section 121 which provide the
disqualifications to be elected as the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives.
Qualifications of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are Defence

Services personnel
Defence Services as the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are the Defence
Services personnel in accord with the law, shall possess the prescribed qualifications for
the Region or State Hluttaw representatives.
Convening the Region or State Hluttaw Sessions

171. (a) The commencement of the term of the Region or State Hluttaw is the day
of the commencement of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) The first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be held within
15 days after the commencement of the term of the Hluttaw.
172. (a) The first regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be convened
by the State Peace and Development Council after the Constitution comes
into operation.
(b) The first regular sessions for the forthcoming terms of the Region or State
Hluttaw shall be held by the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw who
61
wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; vT w f a wmf od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f r sm;\
t&nftcsif;
169/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf –
(u) yk'fr 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &fh adS om t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynhpf &kH rnf?
( c ) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGihf r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihfvnf;
oufqikd af p&rnf/
wyf r awmf o m; wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; vT w f a wmf od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ t&nftcsif;
170/ wyfrawmfom; wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
tjzpf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu Oya'ESihftnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onhf
wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S xf m;onhf t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynhpf &kH rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yjcif;

171/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfoufwrf; pwifonfh
aeY&ufonf jynfov Yl wT af wmfoufwrf;pwifonfh aeY&ufjzpfonf?
( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ yxrtBudrf ykHrSef
tpnf;ta0;ukd ,if;vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;pwifonfhaeYrS 15 &uf
twGi;f usi;f y&rnf/
172/ (u) zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya' tmPmwnfNy;D aemuf yxrtBurd f wkid ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;ukd Ekid if aH wmfat;csr;f
om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D ac:,lusi;f y&rnf?
( c ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ aemifoufwrf;rsm;
twGuf yxrtBurd f ykrH eS t f pnf;ta0;rsm;ukd zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg
62
continues to perform his duties in accord with the provisions of the
Constitution.
173. (a) The representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw shall take an affirmation
of office as mentioned in Schedule Four before the Chairperson of the
Region or State Hluttaw at the first regular session of the Region or State
Hluttaw.
(b) The representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw who have not taken an
affirmation of office shall do so before the Speaker of the Hluttaw at the
session of the Region or State Hluttaw at which they first attend.
174. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene the regular session at
least once a year. The maximum interval between regular sessions shall not exceed 12
months.
175. The following functions shall be carried out at the Region or State Hluttaw session:
(a) recording the addresses delivered by the President;
(b) reading and recording the message sent by President and other messages
permitted by the Speaker;
(c) recording the address delivered by the Chief Minister of the Region or the
State;
(d) submitting, discussing and resolving on a Bill;
(e) discussing and resolving on the matters to be undertaken by the Region or
State Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution;
62
jy|mef ; csuf E S i f h t nD wm0ef q uf v uf xrf ; aqmif v suf & S d a om
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
173/ (u) yxrtBudrfusif;yaom wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf

ykHrSeftpnf;ta0;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
obmywda&SUarSmufü Z,m; 4 wGif azmfjyxm;onft h wdik ;f uwdopöm
jyK&rnf?
(c) uwdopömrjyK&ao;aom wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;onf pwifwufa&mufaom wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wGif vTwfawmfOuú|a&SUarSmufü
uwdopömjyK&rnf/
174/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ykrH eS t

f pnf;ta0;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw
T af wmfOuú|u wpfEpS v f Qif tenf;qk;H wpfBurd af c:,l usi;f y&rnf/
ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0; wpfBurd Ef iS w
hf pfBurd t
f Mum; t&SnMf umqk;H umvonf 12 v xuf
rykad p&/
175/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmftpnf;ta0;ü atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;

aqmif&Gufonf –
(u) Edik if aH wmfor®wajymMum;onhf rdecYf eG ;f udk rSww
f rf;wifjcif;?
( c ) EdkifiHawmfor®wu ay;ydkYaom o0PfvTmESihf Ouú|u cGihfjyKaom
tjcm;o0PfvmT rsm;udk zwfMum;jcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfajymMum;onhf rdefYcGef;udk
rSww
f rf;wifjcif;?
(C) Oya'Murf;wifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJ Oya'
wpf&yf&yfyg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&vnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmfu aqmif&Guf&rnhf udpö&yfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
63
(f) discussing, resolving and recording the reports submitted to the Region or
State Hluttaw;
(g) submitting proposal, discussing and resolving;
(h) raising questions and replying;
(i) undertaking matters approved by the Speaker of the Region or State
Hluttaw.
176. Matters that require resolution, agreement and approval of the Region or State
Hluttaw shall be implemented as follows :
(a) if the Region or State Hluttaw is in session, the matter shall be resolved at
that session;
(b) if the Region or State Hluttaw is not in session, the matter shall be resolved
at the nearest Region or State Hluttaw session;
(c) a special session or an emergency session shall be convened to discuss
and to resolve matters which need urgent action in the interest of the
public.
177. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw may convene a special session or an
emergency session of the Region or State Hluttaw, if necessary.
178. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special or an emergency
session of the Region or State Hluttaw as soon as possible when the Chief Minister of the
Region or State informs him to do so.
179. The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall convene a special session as
soon as possible, if at least one-fourth of the total number of the Region or State Hluttaw
representatives so require.
63
( p ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;onhf tpD&if
cHpmrsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;? rSww f rf;wifjcif;?
(q) tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;? aqG;aEG;jcif;? qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( Z ) ar;cGe;f ar;jref;jcif;? ajzMum;jcif;?
(ps) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|u cGijfh yKonhu
f pd &ö yf
rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í aqmif&u G jf cif;/
176/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw

T af wmf\ tqH;k tjzwf&,lrnhf udp&ö yfrsm;?
oabmwlncD su&f ,lrnhf udp&ö yfrsm;? twnfjyKcsuf &,lrnfu h pd &ö yfrsm;udk atmufyg
twdik ;f aqmif&u
G &f rnf –
(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yqJ
umvjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yqJ
umvr[kwfvQif teD;uyfqHk; wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;ü aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf?
( * ) trsm;jynfoltusKd;iSm tvsiftjrefaqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;udk
txl;tpnf;ta0; odrYk [kwf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f yí
aqG;aEG;qH;k jzwf&rnf/
177/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap?

ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap usi;f y&efvt
kd yfvQif oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw
T af wmfOuú|u ac:,lusi;f yEdik of nf/

T af wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu taMumif;Mum;vQif wdkif;a'oBuD;
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf vTwfawmftxl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap?
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udjk zpfap tjrefq;Hk ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/

T af wmf tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yay;&ef
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf
tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu awmif;qdkvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
Ouú|u txl;tpnf;ta0;udk tjrefq;Hk ac:,lusi;f y&rnf/
64
180. (a) The first day session of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be valid if more
than half of the total number of Hluttaw representatives, who have the
right to attend the Region or State Hluttaw session, are present. The session,
if invalid, shall be adjourned.
(b) The sessions that are adjourned due to invalidity in accord with the
Sub-Section (a) as well as the valid session that are extended will be valid
if at least one-third of the Hluttaw representatives are present.
181. (a) A matter that shall be resolved in the Region or State Hluttaw, save as
otherwise provided by the Constitution, shall be determined by a majority
of votes of the Region or State Hluttaw representatives who are present
and voting.
(b) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw discharging duties as the
Speaker at the Region or State Hluttaw shall not voted in the first instance
in the sessions of the Region or State Hluttaw, but shall have and exercise
a casting vote in the matter of an equality of votes.
182. If the Region or State Hluttaw representative is, without permission of the Region
or State Hluttaw, absent from a Region or a State Hluttaw session for a period of at least
15 consecutive days, the Region or State Hluttaw may declare his seat vacant. In computing
64
180/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf\
yxraeYwiG f wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;
odkY wufa&mufcGihf&Sdonhf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f pkpkaygif;OD;a&\
xuf0ufausmfOD;a& wufa&mufvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0; txajrmuf
onf/ tu,fí txrajrmufygu tpnf;ta0;ukd a&TUqkdif;usif;y
&rnf?
(c) yk'frcGJ (u) t& tpnf;ta0;txrajrmufonfhtwGuf a&TUqdkif;
usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufNyD;aemuf
qufvufusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufcGifh&Sdonhf vTwfawmf
ud,k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H ok;H ykw
H pfyHk wufa&muf
vQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;rsm; txajrmufonf/
181/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfwGif tqkH;tjzwfjyK&rnhf

taMumif;t&mwpf&yfEiS fh pyfvsO;f í rJcq JG ;Hk jzwf&mü zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccH
Oya'wGif tjcm;enf;jy|mef;xm;jcif;r&SdvQif tpnf;ta0;odkY wuf
a&mufí qE´rJay;onhf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;\ rsm;&mqE´rjJ zihf qk;H jzwf&rnf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif
rJcqJG ;Hk jzwfonhu
f pd rö sm;ü wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
Ouú| odkYr[kwf Ouú|wm0efxrf;aqmifaeonhf 'kwd,Ouú|onf
qE´rrJ ay;&/ axmufcq H E´rEJ iS fh uefu
Y u
G q
f E´rJ ta&twGucf si;f wlnD
aeonhf udp&ö yfwiG o f m tEdik rf aJ y;&rnf/
182/ wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf u d k , f p m;vS , f w pf O D ; onf

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfwGif wdkif;a'oBuD;
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ cGijfh yKcsurf &bJ tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef tenf;qk;H
&ufaygif; 15 &uf wpfqufwnf; ysuu f u
G v
f Qif owfrw S x
f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD
xdkwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ ae&mvpfvyfonf[k
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aMunmEdik o f nf/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
65
the said period of 15 days, it shall not be counted of any period during which the session
is adjourned.
183. Although there are vacant seats, the Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right to
carry out its functions. Moreover, the resolutions and proceedings of the Region or State
Hluttaw shall not be annulled, notwithstanding the acts of some person who was not entitled
to do so sat or voted or took part in the proceedings are later discovered.
184. The proceedings and the records of the Region or State Hluttaw shall be published.
However, the proceedings and the records prohibited by any law or the resolution of the
Region or State Hluttaw shall not be published.
185. (a) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution and the provisions of the law
relating to the Region or State Hluttaw, the Region or State Hluttaw
representatives shall have freedom of speech and voting at the Region or
State Hluttaw and the Committee and Body formed by the Region or
State Hluttaw. Concerning the discussing, submitting and performing at
the Region or State Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw Committees
and Bodies, no action shall be taken against a Region or a State Hluttaw
representative except under its laws.

65
jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;wufa&muf&ef cGihfrJhysufuGufonfh &ufaygif;
15 &ufukd a&wGu&f mü tpnf;ta0; a&TUqdik ;f xm;onhf umvudk xnho
f iG ;f a&wGujf cif;
rjyK&/
183/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f

ae&mtcsdKU vpfvyfaeapumrl wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf vkyfief;
rsm;udk aqmif&u G cf iG &fh o
dS nf/ xdjYk yif tcGitfh a&;r&So
d wl pfO;D u wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufcJhjcif;? qE´rJay;cJhjcif; odkYr[kwf
vT w f a wmf v k y f i ef ; wpf & yf & yf w G i f yg0if a qmif & G u f c J h j cif ; uk d aemif t cgwG i f r S
ppfaq;awGU&Sdapumrl wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\ qkH;jzwf
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf ysujf y,fjcif;r&Sad p&/
184/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww
f rf;
rsm;udk trsm;jynfolod&SdEdkif&ef xkwfjyef&rnf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ qH;k jzwfcsut f &jzpfap wm;jrpfxm;onhf
aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESifh rSww
f rf;rsm;udk xkwjf yefjcif;rjyK&/
185/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf

zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv fh nf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESihf
vnf;aumif; rqefu Y siv f Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ESifh wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu zGUJ pnf;onhf aumfrwD
ESihf tzGJUwdkYwGif vGwfvyfpGmajymqdkcGihfESifh qE´rJay;cGihf&Sdonf/ xdkodkY
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf? vTwfawmfaumfrwDESihf
tzGJUrsm;wGif wifjyaqG;aEG;jcif;? aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYESihfpyfvsOf;í
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;udk
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&mOya'rSty tjcm;
Oya't& ta&;,ljcif;rjyK&?
66
relating to the Region or State Hluttaw, members of the organizations or
persons representing any of the Region or State level organizations formed
under the Constitution who are permitted or invited to attend the session
of the Region or State Hluttaw or any Committee and Body of the Region
or State Hluttaw have the freedom of speech at the Region or State Hluttaw
or the Region or State Hluttaw Committees and Bodies. No action shall
be taken against such members or persons for their submissions and
speeches in the Region or State Hluttaw by other law except under its
laws.
regulations, by-laws, procedures of the Region or State Hluttaw or the
existing laws.
186. (a) If there is a need to arrest a Region or a State Hluttaw representative
attending the Region or State Hluttaw session or a person attending the
Region or State Hluttaw session with the permission or invitation of the
Speaker of the Hluttaw, the credible evidence shall be submitted to the
Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw. He shall not be arrested without
the prior permission of the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw.

66
(c) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;odkY wuf
a&muf&ef cGijfhyKjcif; odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;jcif;cH&aom zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHOya'
t& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqihf tzGUJ tpnf;
wpf&yf&yfukd ud, k pf m;jyKaom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾vrf sm;onf
zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'o
Bu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfqikd &f m Oya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiafh omf
vnf;aumif; rqefu Y siv f Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
odrYk [kwf vTwaf wmfu zGUJ pnf;onhf aumfrwDEiS fh tzGUJ rsm;wGif vGwv f yfpmG
ajymqdck iG &fh o
dS nf/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf odrYk [kwf
vTwaf wmfuzGUJ pnf;onhf aumfrwDEiS fh tzGUJ rsm;wGif wifjyajymqdrk rI sm;ESifh
pyfvsO;f í ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾vrf sm;tm; wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfqdkif&m Oya'rSty tjcm;Oya't&
ta&;,ljcif; rjyK&?
(*) yk'frcGJ (u) ESifh ( c ) wGif yg&Sdaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf txufyg
tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk usio hf ;kH Mu&mwGif uk, d xf v
d ufa&muf usL;vGerf rI sm;
&SdcJhygu ,if;wdkYonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf\
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;? vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;t&vnf;aumif;? wnfqJ
Oya'rsm;t&vnf;aumif; ta&;,ljcif;cH&rnf/
186/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf tpnf;ta0; wufa&muf
aeaom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,f
wpfO;D udjk zpfap? vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijfh yKcsuf odrYk [kwf zdwMf um;csut
f &
,if;tpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufaeaom yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;udkjzpfap?
zrf;qD;&efvdktyfygu cdkifvkHaomtaxmuftxm;udk oufqdkif&m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ wdik ;f
a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|\ BuKd wifciG jfh yKcsurf &&Sb
d J
zrf;qD;jcif;rjyK&?
67
(b) If there is a need to arrest a member of a Committee or a Body of the
Region or State Hluttaw attending session of any Committee or Body
formed by the Region or State Hluttaw, the credible evidence shall be
submitted to the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw through the Head
of the Committee or Body concerned. He shall not be arrested without
the prior permission of the Speaker of the Hluttaw.
(c) If a representative of the Region or State Hluttaw is arrested, session of
the Region or State Hluttaw or session of any Committee or any Body
formed by the Hluttaw is not in session, the credible evidence in support
of such arrest shall as soon as possible be submitted to the Speaker of the
Region or State Hluttaw.
187. No action shall be instituted relating to the reports, documents and Hluttaw records
published by the Region or State Hluttaw or under its authority.
Legislation
188. The Region or State Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws for the entire or any
part of the Region or State related to matters prescribed in Schedule Two of the Region or
State Hluttaw Legislative List.
189. (a) When the Region or State Hluttaw enacts a law, it may :
(i) authorize to issue rules, regulations and by-laws concerning that
law to any Region or State level organization formed under the
Constitution;
67
(c) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu zGJUpnf;aom aumfrwD
odrYk [kwf tzGUJ wpfcck \ k tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufaeonhf ,if;aumfrwD
odrYk [kwf tzGUJ \ tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D tm; zrf;qD;&efvt kd yfygu cdik v f aHk om
taxmuftxm;udk oufqikd &f maumfrwD odrYk [kwf tzJUG \ tBu;D trSL;
rSwpfqifh oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf/ xdv k w T af wmfOuú|
\ BuKd wifciG jfh yKcsurf &&Sb
d J zrf;qD;jcif; rjyK&?
(*) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0; odkYr[kwf
vTwaf wmfu zGUJ pnf;onhaf umfrwD odrYk [kwf tzGUJ wpfcck \ k tpnf;ta0;
usif;ycsdefr[kwfvQif wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm; zrf;qD;ygu xdo k zYkd rf;qD;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf
cdkifvkHaom taxmuftxm;udk wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfOuú|xH aqmvsipf mG wifjy&rnf/
187/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfuaomfvnf;aumif;? ,if;
vTwaf wmf\ tcGit fh mPmt&aomfvnf;aumif;? jzefcY sx d w
k af 0onhf tpD&ifcpH mrsm;?
pm&Gupf mwrf;rsm;? vTwaf wmfrw
S w
f rf;rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í w&m;pGq J ykd ikd cf iG fh r&Sad p&/
Oya'jyKjcif;
188/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf Z,m; 2 wGif azmfjyxm;
aom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f wpf0ef;vH;k twGuaf omfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odkYr[kwf jynfe,f wpfpdwfwpfa'otwGufaomfvnf;aumif; tmPm oufa&muf
ap&ef Oya'jyKciG &hf odS nf/
189/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf Oya'wpf&yf
jy|mef;onfth cg -
(1) zJUG pnf;yktH ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftqifh tzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yftm; ,if;Oya'ESifh
ouf q k d i f o nf h enf ; Oya'? pnf ; rsOf ; ES i f h pnf ; urf ; rsm;
xkwjf yefciG uhf dk tyfEiS ;f Ekid o
f nf?
68
(ii) authorize to issue notifications, orders, directives and procedures
to the respective organization or authority.
(b) The rules, regulations, by-laws, notifications, orders, directives and
procedures issued under the power conferred by any law shall be in
conformity with the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant law.
(c) After issuing any rule, regulation or by-law in accord with the law enacted
by the Region or State Hluttaw, the Body concerned shall distribute and
submit the said rule, regulation or by-law to its representatives at the
nearest regular session of the Region or State Hluttaw under the permitted
arrangement of the Speaker of the Hluttaw.
(d) If it is found that a rule, regulation or by-law is in conformity with the
amend the rule, regulation or by-law to the Region or State Hluttaw within
90 days from the day that rule, regulation or by-law is submitted and
distributed.
(e) If the Region or State Hluttaw passes a resolution to annul or amend any
rule, regulation or by-law, the resolution shall be without prejudice to the
validity of any action previously taken under the relevant rules, regulations
or by-laws.
68
(2) oufqidk &f mtzJUG tpnf; odrYk [kwf tmPmykid t f m; ,if; Oya'ESihf
oufqkdifonfh trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESifh
vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;xkwjf yefciG u hf dk tyfEiS ;f Ekid o f nf/
(c) Oya'wpf&yfu tyfESif;onfh vkyfykdifcGifht& jyKvkyfaomenf;Oya'?
pnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;? trdefYaMumfjimpm? trdefY? ñTefMum;csufESifh
vkyfxkH;vkyfenf;rsm;onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh
vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&mOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;
nDñw G rf &I &dS rnf?
(*) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya'
t&jyKonfh enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf; wpf&yf&yfukd
xkwfjyefNyD;onfhtcg oufqkdif&m tzJGUtpnf;onf rdrdxkwfjyefonfh
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;ukd teD;uyfqkH;usif;yaom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf ykrH eS t
f pnf;ta0;umvwGif
vTwfawmfOuú|u cGihfjyKonfh tpDtpOfjzifh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
rsm;xH jzefaY 0wifjy&rnf?
(C) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfonf oufqkdif&m
Oya'ygjy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh nDñGwfrIr&SdaMumif; awGU&Sdygu ,if;
enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; odkYr[kwf pnf;urf;ukdy,fzsuf&ef okdYr[kwf
jyifqifap&ef enf;Oya'? pnf;rsO;f okrYd [kwf pnf;urf; jzefaY 0wifjyaom
aeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 90 twGif; vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfwiG f tqkw d ifoiG ;f Edik o
f nf?
(i) enf;Oya'? pnf;rsOf; okdYr[kwf pnf;urf;wpf&yf&yfukd y,fzsuf&ef
okrYd [kwf jyifqifap&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu
qk;H jzwfygu xko d yYdk ,fzsujf cif; odrYk [kwf jyifqifapjcif;rjyKrD enf;Oya'?
pnf;rsO;f okrYd [kwf pnf;urf;t& aqmif&u G cf NhJ y;D aom trIupd rö sm;ukd
xdcu dk jf cif;r&Sad p&/
69
Submission of Bill
190. (a) The Region or State level organizations formed under the Constitution
shall have the right to submit the Bills relating to matters they administered
among the matters included in the Schedule Two of the Region or State
Legislative List to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
(b) Bills relating to regional plans, annual budgets and taxation of the Region
or State, which are to be submitted exclusively by the Region or State
government, shall be submitted to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord
with the prescribed procedures.
191. Representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw shall submit the Bills relating to
other matters, except the matters prescribed in the Constitution that the Bill was submitted
exclusively by the Region or State Hluttaw stated in the Schedule Two of the Region or
State Legislative List, to the Region or State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
192. (a) Members, who are representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw among
members representing any Region or State level organization formed under
the Constitution, are entitled to explain, converse, discuss and vote Bills
or matters relating to their organizations at the Hluttaw sessions.
(b) Members, who are not representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw
among members representing any Region or State level organization formed
under the Constitution, when they are attending Hluttaw session with the
69
190/ (u) zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& zJUG pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqifh tzJUG tpnf;rsm;onf Z,m; 2 wGif azmfjyxm;aom wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,f Oya'jyKpm&if;yg udp&ö yfrsm;teuf rdrw d pYkd rD cH efcY o
GJ nfh
udpö&yfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrSwfxm;onhf
enf;vrf;rsm;ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY
wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f tpd;k &tzJUG uom wifoiG ;f cGi&fh adS om
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fa'oEÅ&pDrHudef;? ESpfpOf t&toHk;
cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh tcGet
f aumufqikd &f m Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S f
xm;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f &rnf/
191/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf Z,m; 2

wGif azmfjyxm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;yg udpö&yfrsm;
teuf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzJUG uom Oya'Murf; wifoiG ;f &rnf[k
zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ü owfrw S jf y|mef;xm;onfh udp&ö yfrsm;rSty useu f pd &ö yfrsm;ESihf
pyfvsO;f aom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk owfrw S xf m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit
fh nD wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf/
192/ (u) zGUJ pnf;ykt

H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;
teuf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
jzpfaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;onf vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif
rdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESihf oufqdkifaom Oya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yf
rsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGiEfh iS fh qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &fh o
dS nf?
(c) zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;onhf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
tqihf tzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf&yfudk udk,fpm;jyKaom tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;
teuf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
70
permission of the Speaker of the Hluttaw, are entitled to explain, converse
and discuss Bills or matters relating to their organizations.
Submission of Region and State Budget Bill
193. (a) The Region or State Annual Budget Bill to which only by the Region or
State Government has the right to be submitted only to the Region or
State Hluttaw in accord with the prescribed procedures.
(b) Relating to the Bill in Sub-Section (a), the Region or State Budget including
finance received from the Union Fund of the Region or State under the
Union Budget Law or the Supplementary Appropriation Law with the
recommendation of the Chief Minister concerned shall be discussed, as
may be necessary by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned and shall be
carried out and approved, refused, curtailed with the majority consent. In
doing so, the following matters may be discussed at the Region Hluttaw or
the State Hluttaw, but not refused or curtailed :
(i) salary and allowance of Heads and members of the Region or
State level organizations formed under the Constitution and
expenditures of those organizations;

70
r[kwaf om tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;onf vTwaf wmfOuú|\ cGijfh yKcsujf zihf
vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;odkY wufa&mufonhftcg rdrdtzGJUtpnf;ESihf
oufqdkifaom Oya'Murf;rsm; odkYr[kwf udpö&yfrsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
&Si;f vif;ajymqdk aqG;aEG;cGi&fh o
dS nf/
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkUr[kwf jynfe,f\ b@maiGt&tokH;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;

wifoGif;jcif;
193/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzJUG uom wifoiG ;f cGi&fh adS om
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f? ESpfpOf b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m
Oya'Murf;udk owfrw S x f m;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESit hf nD wdik ;f a'oBu;D
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd wifoiG ;f &rnf?
( c ) yk'frcGJ(u)yg Oya'Murf;ESifh pyfvsOff;í jynfaxmifpk\ b@maiG
t&toHk;qdkif&mOya' odkYr[kwf aemufxyf b@maiGcGJa0oHk;pGJa&;
Oya't& wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftvdkuf jynfaxmifpk
b@m&efyakH iGr&S &So d nfh b@maiGrsm; tygt0if wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,f t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udk oufqdkif&m0efBuD;csKyf\
axmufcHwifjycsuftay: oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu vdt k yfovdak qG;aEG;í oabmwl twnfjyKjcif;?
jiif;y,fjcif;? avQmí h cGijhf yKjcif;wdu
Yk kd trsm;qEÉiS t
hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
,if;odUk aqmif&u G &f mwGif -
(1) zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& zGJUpnf;xm;aom wdkif;a'oBuD;
odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ tBu;D trSL;rsm;ESihf
tzGJUtpnf;0ifrsm;\ vpm? p&dwfESifh ,if;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
71
(ii) salary and allowance of Heads and members of Leading Bodies
of Self-Administered Area formed under the Constitution and
expenditures of those bodies;
(iii) debts for which the Region or State is liable and expenses relating
to the debts, other expenses relating to the loans taken out by the
Region or State;
(iv) expenditures required to satisfy judgment, order or decree of any
Court or Tribunal;
(v) other expenditures which are to be charged by any law enacted
by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw.
194. The Region or State Hluttaw shall pass a resolution when the Region or State
government submits the Region or State estimated budget in accord with the prescribed
procedures.
Promulgation of Law
195. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall :
(i) sign and promulgate the Bills approved by the Region or State
Hluttaw as law within seven days after the day of receipt in accord
with the prescribed procedures;

71
(2) zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't& zGUJ pnf;xm;aom ud, k yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ tBu;D trSL;rsm;ESihf tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;\vpm?
p&dwEf iS hf ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(3) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu ay;qyf&ef wm0ef&adS om
a<u;NrrD sm;? ,if;a<u;NrrD sm;ESihf qufE, T af om ukeu f sp&dwrf sm;?
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fuacs;,laiGrsm;ESifh quf
ET,af omukeu f sp&dwrf sm;?
(4) w&m;½Hk; odkYr[kwf cHk½Hk;wpfckck\ pD&ifcsuf? trdefY? 'Du&Dt&
ay;aqmif&ef&adS om toH;k p&dwrf sm;?
(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;
onfh Oya'wpf&yf&yft& usc&H rnfh tjcm;toH;k p&dwrf sm;ESihf
pyfvsOf;í wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkUr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwfawmfwGif aqG;aEG;ydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ odkYaomf jiif;y,fjcif;?
avQmí h cGijhf yKjcif; rjyK&/
194/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf

jynfe,ftpdk;&u wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f\ &aiGoHk;aiGvsmxm;csufudk
owfrwS x
f m;onhf enf;vrf;rsm;ESit
fh nD wifoiG ;f vmvQif tqk;H tjzwfay;&rnf/
Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunmjcif;
195/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyof nf -
(1) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu twnfjyKaom
Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufc&H &So
d nfah eY\ aemufwpfaeYrS ckepf&uf
twGif; owfrSwfxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD vufrSwf
a&;xd;k í Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf?
72
(ii) sign and promulgate the Bills approved by the Leading Body of
Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone as law
within 14 days after the day of receipt.
(b) If the Chief Minister of the Region or State does not sign and promulgate
the Bill as law within the prescribed period, on the day after the completion
of that period, the Bill shall become a law as if he had signed it.
(c) The laws signed by the Chief Minister of the Region or State and laws
which deemed to have been signed by him, shall be promulgated by the
publication in the official gazette. The Law shall come into operation on
the day of such promulgation unless the contrary intention is expressed.
Self-Administered Division and Self-Administered Zone Leading Bodies
196. The legislative power relating to the matters listed in the Schedule Three for
respective Divisions or Zones are allotted to the Self-Administered Division or the Self-
Administered Zone Leading Bodies.

72
(2) ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'o
OD;pD;tzJGUu twnfjyKaom Oya'Murf;rsm;udk vufcH&&Sdonfh
aeY\ aemufwpfaeYrS 14 &uf twGif; vufrSwfa&;xdk;í
Oya'tjzpf xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/
(c) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í
Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyefaMunm&ef owfrSwfxm;onhf umvtwGif;
Oya'Murf;udk 0efBuD;csKyfu vufrSwfa&;xdk;í Oya'tjzpf xkwfjyef
aMunmjcif;rjyKvQif owfrSwfumv jynfhajrmufonfhaeY&ufwGif
Oya'Murf;onf 0efBuD;csKyf\ vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk &&SdNyD;ouJhodkY
Oya'jzpfvm&rnf?
(*) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu
f vufrw
S af &;xd;k Ny;D aom
Oya'rsm;ESifh wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy\
f vufrw
S f
a&;xdk;csufudk &&SdNyD;ouJhodkY rSwf,l&rnfjzpfaom Oya'rsm;udk
EdkifiHawmfjyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefaMunm&rnf/ xkdOya'wGif oD;jcm;
azmfjycsurf ygvQif xkwjf yefaMunmonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnf&rnf/
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& a'oOD;pD;tzGJU

196/ ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;tm;
rdrdwdkYwdkif; odkUr[kwf a'otwGuf Z,m; 3 wGif azmfjyxm;aom Oya'jyK pm&if;yg
udp&ö yfrsm;ESipfh yfvsO;f onfh Oya'jyKciG t
hf mPmrsm;udk cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf/
73
Duties, powers and rights of the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha
Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw
197. Duties, powers and rights of the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha
Hluttaw and the Region or State Hluttaw shall be prescribed by law.
Effect of Laws
198. The effect of laws enacted by different levels of the Hluttaw and the Leading
Bodies of the Self-Administered Area is as follows :
(a) if any provision of the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the Region
Hluttaw, the State Hluttaw, the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered
Division or the Self-Administered Zone or, any existing law is inconsistent
with any provision of the Constitution, the Constitution shall prevail;
(b) if any provision of the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State
Hluttaw is inconsistent with any provision of the law enacted by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall
prevail;
(c) if any provision of the law enacted by the Leading Body of the Self-
Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone is inconsistent with

73
jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf
jynfe,f vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm;
197/ jynfolYvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfESihf wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wm0ef? vkyfydkifcGihfESihf &ydkifcGihfrsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;
owfrwS &f rnf/
Oya'rsm;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI
198/ vTwaf wmftqifq h ifEh iS hf ud,
k yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpOk ;D pD;tzGUJ rsm;u jy|mef;onhf
Oya'rsm;\ tusK;d oufa&mufrrI mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf? jynfe,fvTwfawmf?
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ u jy|mef;vku d o f nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfonf
vnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'wpf&yf&yfonfvnf;aumif; zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif zGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ygtwdik ;f vku d ef musio hf ;kH &rnf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;
vdu
k of nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu
jy|mef;onfh Oya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwkid ;f vku d ef musiohf ;Hk
&rnf?
( * ) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ u jy|mef;vdu k o f nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfonf
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu jy|mef;onfOh ya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfEiS hf
74
any provision of the law enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the law enacted
by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall prevail;
(d) if any provision of the law enacted by the Leading Body of the Self-
Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone is inconsistent with
any provision of the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw
concerned, the law enacted by the Region Hluttaw or the State Hluttaw
concerned shall prevail.

74
qefuY siaf evQif jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu jy|mef;onfh Oya'ygtwdik ;f
vku
d ef musio hf ;kH &rnf?
(C) udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ u jy|mef;vdu k of nfh Oya'ygjy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfonf
oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu
jy|mef;onfhOya'yg jy|mef;csufwpf&yf&yfESifh qefYusifaevQif
oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu
jy|mef;onfOh ya'ygtwdik ;f vdu k ef musio
hf ;kH &rnf/
Chapter V
Executive
tcef; (5)
tkyfcsKyfa&;
Chapter V
Executive
The Union Government
199. (a) The Executive Head of the Union is the President.

(b) (i) The executive power of the Union is distributed among the Union,
Regions and States.
(ii) Self-Administered power is distributed among Self-Administered
Areas as prescribed by the Constitution.
Formation of the Union Government

200. The Union Government shall comprise the following persons :
(a) The President;
(b) Vice-Presidents;
(c) Ministers of the Union;
(d) The Attorney General of the Union.
Formation of the National Defence and Security Council

201. The National Defence and Security Council led by the President, to enable it to
discharge the duties assigned by the Constitution or any law, shall be formed with the
following persons :
(a) The President;
(b) Vice-President;
(c) Vice-President;
(d) Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(e) Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(f) Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;
(g) Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services;
tcef; (5)
tkyfcsKyfa&;
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJU
199/ (u) Ekid if aH wmftyk cf sKyaf &;tBu;D tuJonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wjzpfonf?

(c) (1) Ekid if aH wmf\ tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmukd jynfaxmifpk wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESihf
jynfe,frsm;tm; cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onf?
(2) uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;tm; uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKyaf &;tmPmudk
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya't& owfrSwfay;onfhtwkdif; cGJa0
tyfEiS ;f onf/
jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;
200/ EkdifiHawmfwGif jynfaxmifpktpkd;&tzGJUukd atmufazmfjyygyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzifh
zGUJ pnf;onf -
(u) Ekid if aH wmfor®w?
( c ) 'kw, d or®wrsm;?
( * ) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;?
(C) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy/f
trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvHkNcHKa&;aumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;
201/ zGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;
aumif; ay;tyfvmonfw h m0efrsm;udx k rf;aqmifEikd &f ef Edik if aH wmfor®w OD;aqmifonhf
trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESiv fh NkH cKH a&;aumifpu
D kd atmufygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;onf –
(u) Edik if aH wmfor®w?
( c ) 'kw, d or®w?
( * ) 'kw, d or®w?
(C) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|?
( i ) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|?
( p ) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy?f
(q) 'kw, d wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy?f
76
(h) Minister for Defence;
(i) Minister for Foreign Affairs;
(j) Minister for Home Affairs;
(k) Minister for Border Affairs.
Powers and Functions of the President

202. The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, may :
(a) designate the Ministries of the Union Government as necessary, and may
make changes and additions to the ministries;
(b) designate the number of the Union Ministers as necessary, and may increase
or decrease the number.
203. The President shall be responsible to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The Vice-Presidents
shall be responsible to the President and also to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through the
President.
204. The President has :

(a) the power to grant a pardon;
(b) the power to grant amnesty in accord with the recommendation of the
National Defence and Security Council.
205. The President may, in accord with the law, have :

(a) the power to confer honorary titles and awards; and
(b) the power to revoke conferred honorary titles and awards.
206. The President may establish or sever diplomatic relations with foreign countries
with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. However, in situation which requires immediate
action, the President may sever diplomatic relations with any foreign country after
76
(Z) umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D ?
(ps) Edik if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D ?
(n) jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D ?
(#) e,fpyfa&;&m0efBu;D Xme0efBu;D /
EkdifiHawmfor®w\ wm0ef ESihf vkyfykdifcGifh

202/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh –
(u) jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd vkt d yfovkd owfrw S Ef idk o
f nf/ xkjYdyif
0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd jyifqifowfrw S jf cif;? jznfph u
G jf cif; jyKEidk of nf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;OD;a&ukd vkdtyfovkd owfrSwfEkdifonf/ xkdYjyif
owfrw S Of ;D a&ukd wd;k jcif;? avQmjh cif; jyKEidk o
f nf/
203/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv

k wT af wmftm; wm0efc&H rnf/ 'kw, d or®w
rsm;onf Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;? Edik if aH wmfor®wrSwpfqihf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmftm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf/
204/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -

(u) jypf'Pfvw G Nf ird ;f cGifh ay;ydik cf iG &fh o dS nf?
( c ) trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifp\ D axmufccH suEf iS t
fh nD
vGwNfird ;f csr;f omcGihf ay;ydik cf iG &fh o dS nf/
205/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'ESit fh nD -

(u) *kPx f ;l aqmifbUJG rsm;? *kPx f ;l aqmifwq H yd rf sm; cs;D jri§ t
fh yfEiS ;f jcif;jyKEikd o
f nf?
( c ) cs;D jri§ t fh yfEiS ;f xm;onhf *kPx f ;l aqmifbUJG rsm;? *kPx f ;l aqmifwq H yd rf sm;udk
jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f jcif; jyKEikd of nf/
206/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w

T af wmf\oabmwlncD sujf zihf Edik if jH cm;
wdkif;jynfrsm;ESihfoHwrefqufoG,fjcif;? oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufjcif;
jyKEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif csufcsif;ta&;,laqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonfhtajctaersdK;ü
77
coordination with the National Defence and Security Council. The President shall submit
that action to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its approval.
207. The President, in accord with the law, may :
(a) appoint and recall the diplomats of its country;
(b) agree on the appointment of foreign diplomats and send information on
the recall of diplomats;
(c) accept the letters of accreditation presented by foreign diplomats.
208. The President, in accord with the law, may appoint and dismiss Heads of the
Bodies of Civil Services.
209. The President, in accord with the law :
(a) shall enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties
which require the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or revoke from
such treaties;
(b) may enter into, ratify or annul international, regional or bilateral treaties
which do not require the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, or revoke
from such treaties.
210. The President shall have the right to occasionally deliver an address or send a
message to the session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw, or to the entire
country relating to the policies and general situation of the Union.

77
Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifpED iS nfh Ed§ iId ;f vsuf Edik if jH cm;
wdik ;f jynfwpfcck Ek iS fh oHwreftquftoG,f jzwfawmufEikd o f nf/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf
rdr\ d ta&;,laqmif&u G cf suu
f kd jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfoYkd wifjytwnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf/
207/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'ESit fh nD -

(u) rdrEd ikd if \ H oHwrefrsm;udk ceft
Y yfjcif;? jyefvnfac:,ljcif; jyKEikd o
f nf?
( c ) Edik if jH cm;oHwrefrsm;tm; ceft Y yf&ef oabmwlncD suaf y;jcif;? Edik if jH cm;
oHwrefrsm;tm; jyefvnfac:,l&ef taMumif;Mum;jcif;jyKEikd o f nf?
( * ) Edik if jH cm;oHwrefrsm;\ ceftY yfvmT rsm;udk vufcjH cif;jyKonf/
208/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'ESit fh nD 0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf; tBu;D trSL;rsm;udk

ceft
Y yfjcif;? xkwyf ,fjcif; jyKEikd o
f nf/
209/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonfOya'ESit fh nD –

(u) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ twnfjyKcsufjzihf aqmif&GufcGifh&Sdaom
tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqdik &f m odrYk [kwf Edik if t H csi;f csi;f qdik &f mpmcsKyf
rsm;udk csKyq f jkd cif;? twnfjyKaqmif&u G jf cif;? y,fzsujf cif;? pmcsKyrf sm;rS
Ekwx f u G jf cif; jyK&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&efrvdt k yfbJ aqmif&u G cf iG hf
&Sdaom tjynfjynfqdkif&m? a'oqdkif&m odkYr[kwf EdkifiHtcsif;csif;
qdik &f mpmcsKyrf sm;udk csKyq f jkd cif;? twnfjyKaqmif&u G jf cif;? y,fzsujf cif;?
pmcsKyrf sm;rSEw k x f uG jf cif; jyKEikd o
f nf/
210/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Edik if aH wmf\rl0g'rsm;ESifh Edik if aH wmf\tajctaet&yf&yf

wduYk kd jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf tpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap? jynfov Yl w
T af wmf odrYk [kwf
trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap? Edik if w H pf0ef;vH;k odjYk zpfap tcgtm;avsmpf mG
rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;cGi?fh o0PfvmT ay;ydcYk iG fh &So
d nf/
78
211. The President may intimate the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw to summon an
emergency or special session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, if necessary.
212. (a) Except Union budget matters, the President shall have the right to
promulgate an ordinance for administrative matters that need immediate
action during the interval between sessions of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(b) If the President has not revoked the ordinance promulgated under Sub-
Section (a), he shall submit the ordinance for approval to the nearest session
of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw within 60 days after the promulgation of the
ordinance. If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session, the President shall,
within 60 days after the promulgation of such ordinance, summon a special
session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval.
(c) The ordinance shall cease to have effect from the day on which it is not
approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(d) The ordinance promulgated by the President, with the approval of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, will continue to be in operation for the required period.
(e) Notwithstanding that an ordinance has been already revoked within 60
days after its promulgation, it shall be submitted to the nearest session of
(f) If an ordinance contains the provision to which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
has no right to make a resolution in accord with the Constitution, the said
provision shall cease to have effect.

78
211/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf vdt
k yfvQif jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf ta&;ay: tpnf;
ta0;udkjzpfap? txl;tpnf;ta0;udkjzpfap ac:,lusif;yay;&ef jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfem,utm; taMumif;Mum;Edik o f nf/
212/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf tpnf;ta0;wpfcEk iS fh

wpfct k Mum; Edik if aH wmf\b@maiG t&toH;k qdik &f m udp&ö yfrsm;rSty
csucf si;f ta&;,laqmif&u G &f ef vdt k yfaom tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mudp&ö yf
rsm;twGuf Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPmwnfaomtrdeu Yf kd xkwjf yefciG &fh o
dS nf?
(c) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf yk'rf cGJ (u) t& xkwjf yefco hJ nhf Oya'uJo h Ykd
tmPmwnfaomtrdeu Yf kd ½kyo
f rd ;f jcif;r&Svd Qif ,if;trdeYf xkwjf yefonfh
aeY&ufrS &ufaygif; 60 twGi;f usi;f yaomteD;uyfq;kH jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ifjyí twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf/ &ufaygif;
60 twGif; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;y&efr&SdvQif
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftxl;tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusif;yapí
twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?
(*) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ twnfjyKcsurf &&Sv d Qif Oya'uJo h Ykd tmPm
wnfaomtrdeo Yf nf twnfrjyKonfah eYrpS í tmPmwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ
&rnf?
(C) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf
xdkOya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYudk vdktyfaomumvtydkif;
tjcm;txd qufvuftwnfjzpfapEdik o f nf?
(i) Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefY xkwfjyefaMunmonhfaeYrSpí
&ufaygif; 60 twGi;f ½kyo f rd ;f Ny;D jzpfapumrl xkOd ya'uJo h Ykd tmPm
wnfaomtrdefYudk teD;uyfqHk;usif;yrnfh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ifjy&rnf?
(p) Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfaomtrdefYwGif zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu qH;k jzwfyikd cf iG rfh &Sad om jy|mef;csuyf g&Sv d Qif
,if;jy|mef;csuo f nf ysujf y,f&rnf/
79
213. The President :
(a) shall have the right to take appropriate military action, in co-ordination
with the National Defence and Security Council formed in accord with the
Constitution, in case of aggression against the Union;
(b) shall submit the action so taken to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval if
it is in session, or to summon an emergency session to submit that matter
for approval if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is not in session;
(c) may declare war or make peace only with the assent of the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw.
214. The President shall take action in accord with the provisions of the Constitution
and sign the laws passed and enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The said signed laws
shall be promulgated in the Official Gazette.
215. The President shall not be answerable to either any Hluttaw or to any Court for
the exercise of the powers and functions of his office or for any act done or purported to
be done by him in the exercise of these powers and functions in accord with the Constitution
or any law. However, the exemption does not deal with the provisions relating to
impeachment of the President under the Constitution.
The Executive Power of the Union Government

216. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Union
extends to administrative matters over which the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has power to make
laws.
79
213/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf –
(u) Edik if aH wmftm; usL;ausmw f u kd cf u
kd jf cif;cH&vQif zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit fh nD
zGJUpnf;xm;aom trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihf
n§Ed idI ;f vsuf ppfa&;t&vdt k yfovdk aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &fh o
dS nf?
( c ) rdr\ d aqmif&u G cf suu
f kd jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmftpnf;ta0; usi;f y
aecsdefjzpfvQif ,if;tpnf;ta0;odw Yk ifjyí twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf/
jynfaxmifpkv T w f a wmf t pnf ; ta0; usif ; yaecsd e f r[k w f v Qif
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0; ac:,lapí wifjy
twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifo h m ppfaMunmEdik o f nf?
ppfajyNird ;f Edik of nf/
214/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu twnfjyKjy|mef;onfh

Oya'rsm;udk zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD ta&;,laqmif&GufNyD;
vufrw S af &;xd;k &rnf/ ,if;odYk vufrw
S af &;xd;k Ny;D aomOya'rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfjyefwrf;wGif
xkwjf yefaMunm&rnf/
215/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't&aomfvnf;aumif;? Oya'

wpf&yf&yft&aomfvnf;aumif; rdrt d m;tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh wm0efEiS v fh yk yf ikd cf iG rfh sm;udk
usiohf ;kH aqmif&uG rf I odw Yk nf;r[kwf usiohf ;kH aqmif&u G of nht f aejzifh jyKcahJ omjyKvkyfrI
twGuf rnfonfv h w T af wmf? rnfonfw h &m;½H;k wGirf Q ajz&Si;f &ef wm0efr&Sad p&/ od&Yk mwGif
þuJhodkYwm0efr&Sdapjcif;onf EdkifiHawmfor®wtm; zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg pGyfpGJ
jypfwifjcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh oufqikd jf cif;r&Sad p&/
jynfaxmifpktpkd;&\tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm
216/ zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESirhf qefu
Y siv
f Qif jynfaxmifp\ k tkycf sKyrf I
tmPmonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu Oya'jyKEidk af om tkycf sKyrf q
I idk &f m udp&ö yfrsm;okYd
vnf; oufa&mufysUH ESo YH nf/
80
217. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Union
shall be vested in the President. Nothing in this Section shall prevent the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
from conferring functions and powers upon any authoritative body or person, or be deemed
to transfer to the President functions and powers vested in any administrative body or
person concerned under the existing laws.
218. (a) All executive actions of the Union Government shall be taken as action in
the name of the President.
(b) The President shall, except in matters conferred on him by the Constitution
to perform in his own discretion, have the right to issue necessary rules on
matters to be performed by the Union Government, on allocation of the
said matters to the Ministries of the Union Government, and on allocation
to the person responsible to act under any law.
(c) Orders and instruments executed in the name of the President shall be in
accord with the manners of the prescribed rules issued by the President.
Moreover, the validity of such order or instruments shall not be called in
question on the ground that it was not done by the President.
(d) The President may, without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of
Sub-Sections (a), (b) and (c) of this Section, allocate his duties regionally
or according to the functions of the Government department.
219. The Union Government preserves stability of the Union, community peace and
tranquility and prevalence of law and order.

80
217/ zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf rqefu Y siaf pbJ jynfaxmifp\ k
tkycf sKyrf t
I mPmonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wüwnf&o dS nf/ þpum;&yfaMumifh jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfonf tmPmykid t f zJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yftm;vnf;aumif;? tmPmykid yf *k Kd¾ vf
wpfO;D OD;tm;vnf;aumif; wm0efEiS v hf yk yf idk cf iG rhf sm; ay;tyfjcif;rjyKEidk [
f k rrSw,
f &l / xkUd jyif
,if;pum;&yfaMumifh wnfqJOya'rsm;t& oufqkdif&m tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;
wpf&yf&yftm;jzpfap? oufqikd &f mtmPmydik yf *k Kd¾vw f pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh
wm0efEiS hf vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ukd Edik if aH wmfor®wtm; vTaJ jymif;ay;tyfonf[v k nf; rrSw, f &l /
218/ (u) jynfaxmifpktpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuf

tm;vk;H ukd Edik if aH wmfor®w\trnfjzifh ta&;,laqmif&u G &f rnf?
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rdr\ d oabmtwkid ;f aqmif&u G &f ef zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccH
Oya'ujy|mef;xm;onfh udpö&yfrsm;rSty jynfaxmifpktpkd;&u
aqmif&u G cf iG &hf adS om udp&ö yfrsm;twGuf vnf;aumif;? tqkyd gudp&ö yf
rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &0efBu;D rsm;tm; cJaG 0tyfEiS ;f &efvnf;aumif;?
Oya'wpf&yf&yft&aqmif&u G &f ef wm0ef&adS omyk*Kd¾ vt
f m; cJaG 0tyfEiS ;f
&efvnf;aumif; vkt d yfonhef nf;Oya'rsm; jy|mef;cGi&hf o dS nf?
(*) EkdifiHawmfor®w\trnfjzifh xkwfjyefaomtrdefYrsm;ESifhcsKyfqkdaom
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu jy|mef;onfeh nf;Oya'rsm;wGif
azmfjyxm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD jzpfap&rnf/ xkdYjyif xkdokdY
aqmif&u G x f m;onft h rdeYf okrYd [kwf pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;onf Edik if aH wmf
or®w\trdeYf odrYk [kwf pmcsKypf mwrf; r[kwaf omaMumifh rckid v f [
Hk k
jiif;qkyd idk cf iG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf yk'rf cGJ (u)? ( c ) ESiYf ( * ) &Sd jy|mef;csurf sm;\
a,bk,soabmukdrxdcu kd af pbJ rdr\
d wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;ukd e,fajr
a'otvku d jf zpfap? tpk;d &Xmeqkdif&m vkyfief;tvkdufjzpfap cJGa0
tyfEiS ;f Ekid o f nf/
219/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf Ekid if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
w&m;Oya'pk;d rk;d a&;ukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufonf/
81
220. The Union Government shall promulgate its policies in accord with the provisions
of the Constitution. The necessary projects have to be drawn in accord with the said
policies and shall be implemented with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
221. The Union Government shall draft the Union Budget Bill based on the annual
Union budget, after coordinating with the Financial Commission, and submit it for approval
to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution.
222. The Union Government shall, if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is unable to promulgate
the Union Budget Bill before the end of the Budget Year, expend within the framework of
the general expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
223. The Union Government may, relating to the matters which may be enacted into
law by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw in accord with the provisions of the Constitution, submit
the Bill to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
224. The Ministries of the Union Government shall, in carrying out the functions of their
subordinate governmental departments and organizations, manage, guide, supervise and
inspect in accord with the provisions of the Constitution and the existing laws.
225. In carrying out functions of the Region Government, the State Government, and
the Leading Bodies of Self-Administered Division and Self-Administered Zone, the Union
Government co-operates and co-ordinates with them to be effective and successful.

81
220/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &\ rl0g'rsm;ukcd srw
S &f rnf/ ,if;rl0g'rsm;ESit
hf nD vkt
d yfaom
pDrHudef;rsm;ukda&;qJGí jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&u G &f rnf/
221/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf b@ma&;aumfr&SiEf iS n hf E§d idI ;f &&So

d nfh jynfaxmifp\
k
ESpfpOf t&tokH;cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udktajcjyKvsuf jynfaxmifpk\b@maiG
t&tok;H qkid &f m Oya'Murf;ukad &;qJí G zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf tnD
jynfaxmifpv
k w T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f twnfjyKcsu&f ,l&rnf/
222/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf rdrw

d ifoiG ;f onfh jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG t&tok;H
qkid &f mOya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESprf ukeq f ;Hk rD jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfu jy|mef;jcif;rjyK
Ekid v
f Qif jynfaxmifpvk w
T af wmfu aemufq;Hk jy|mef;xm;onfh jynfaxmifp\ k b@maiG
t&tok;H qkid &f mOya'yg omreftok;H p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuaf bmiftwGi;f ok;H pJcG iG &hf o
dS nf/
223/ jynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu Oya'jyKEkdifaom udpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í vkdtyfonfh
Oya'Murf;ukd jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f Ekid o
f nf/
224/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzJUG \ 0efBu;D Xmersm;onf ,if;wk\

Y d vufatmuf&d S tpk;d &Xme?
tpkd;&tzJGUtpnf;rsm;u vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd aqmif&GufMu&mwGif zJGUpnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif;? wnfqJOya'yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESihf tnDjzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrcH efUcJjG cif;? vrf;ñTejf cif;? Bu;D Muyfjcif;?
ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf/
225/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf wkikd ;f a'oBu;D tpk;d & odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &wdu Yk
vnf;aumif;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzJGU odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
a'oOD;pD;tzJUG wku
Yd vnf;aumif; vkyif ef;rsm;ukt d aumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G Mf u&mwGif
xda&mufatmifjrifr&I adS pa&;twGuf aygif;pyfnE§d iId ;f ay;onf/
82
226. The Union Government, with the exception of Constitutional disputes and the
disputes over territorial re-delineation shall :
(a) mediate and if necessary, decide, on disputes over administration between
the Region and State, among Regions, among States, between Region
or State and Self-Administered Area, among Self-Administered Areas;
and
(b) mediate and if necessary, decide, on disputes over administration between
the Region or State and Union territory, between Self-Administered Area
and Union territory.
227. The Union Government, in accord with the law :

(a) may form Civil Services organizations relating to the Union as necessary.
In so forming, the functions and powers shall be prescribed;
(b) may appoint the required civil service personnel.
228. The Union Government shall :

(a) implement the administrative resolutions passed occasionally by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw and report back the actions which have been taken
to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(b) submit occasionally matters relating to the general situation of the Union to
Formation of the Financial Commission

229. (a) The Financial Commission shall be formed with the following persons:
(i) The President Chairperson
(ii) Vice-Presidents Vice-Chairpersons
(iii) The Attorney-General
of the Union Member
82
226/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qkid &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESihf e,ferd w d f
jyifqifowfrw S af &;qkid &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;rSty –
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESih f jynfe,ftMum;? wkid ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ?
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fEiS hf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpt k Mum;?
uk,d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpk tcsi;f csi;f jzpfymG ;onfh tkycf sKyrf q I idk &f m tjiif;
yGm;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aygif;pyfnd§EIdif;ajz&Sif;ay;jcif;? vkdtyfvQif
tqk;H tjzwfay;jcif;jyKonf?
( c ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fESifh jynfaxmifpke,fajrtMum;?
udk,fydkiftyk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifpEk iS hf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtMum; jzpfymG ;onfh
tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í aygif;pyfnE§d iId ;f ajz½Si;f
ay;jcif;? vdt k yfvQit f qk;H tjzwfay;jcif;jyKonf/
227/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf Oya'ESithf nD -

(u) jynfaxmifpkqkdif&m 0efxrf;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ukd vkdtyfovkd zJGUpnf;
Ekdifonf/ ,if;okdYzJGUpnf;&mwGif vkyfief;wm0efESifh vkyfykdifcGifhrsm;ukd
owfrw S af y;&rnf?
( c ) vkt d yfaom0efxrf;rsm;ukd ceftY yfEidk o
f nf/
228/ jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &onf –

(u) jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu tcgtm;avsmpf mG csrw
S o
f nft
h yk cf sKyaf &;qkid &f m
qkH;jzwfcsufrsm;ukd taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnf/ rdrd\
ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY jyefvnf
tpD&ifc&H rnf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmf\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f í jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk
tcgtm;avsmpf mG wifjy&rnf/
b@ma&;aumfr&SifzJGUpnf;jcif;
229/ (u) b@ma&;aumfr&Siu f kd atmufygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;&rnf –
(1) Edik if aH wmfor®w - Ouú|
(2) 'kw, d or®wrsm; - 'kw, d Ouú|rsm;
(3) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf - tzJUG 0if
83
(iv) The Auditor-General
of the Union Member
(v) Chief Ministers
of the Regions and States Members
(vi) The Nay Pyi Taw

Council Chairperson Member
(vii) The Minister of Finance
of the Union Secretary
(b) (i) In forming the Financial Commission, the President may appoint a
suitable person as a temporary member if there is vacancy for any
reason.
(ii) The President shall promulgate the formation of the Financial
Commission. Moreover, necessary orders or directives, so forth,
for the Financial Commission may be promulgated either by the
President or the person assigned by him.
Duties and Functions of the Financial Commission

230. (a) The budgets of the Union Ministries and Union level organizations are to
be vetted by a Vice-President assigned by the President, and the estimated
budgets of the Union level organizations including the Union Ministries are
to be submitted to the Financial Commission.
(b) The budgets of the Region or State are to be vetted by the other Vice-
President assigned by the President, and the estimated budgets of the
Region or State are to be submitted to the Financial Commission.
83
(4) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf - tzJUG 0if
(5) wdik ;f a'oBu;D 0efBu;D csKyrf sm;ESihf - tzJUG 0ifrsm;
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf sm;
(6) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| - tzJUG 0if
(7) jynfaxmifpb k @ma&;0efBu;D - twGi;f a&;rSL;
(c) (1) b@ma&;aumf r &S i f u d k zJ G U pnf ; onf h t cg tzJ G U 0if t jzpf
xrf;aqmif&rnf&h mxl;ae&mwGif taMumif;wpfpw kH pf&maMumifh
wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&ol r&Sad o;ygu Edik if aH wmfor®wonf
xdak e&mtwGuf oifah vsmo f nfyh *k K¾d vw
f pfO;D OD;tm; ,m,DtzJUG 0if
tjzpf wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf?
(2) b@ma&;aumfr&Sizf UJG pnf;jcif;udk Edik if aH wmfor®wu xkwjf yef
aMunm&rnf/ xdjYk yif b@ma&;aumfr&Sit f wGuf vdt
k yfaom
trde?Yf ñTeMf um;csuf ponfrsm;udv
k nf; Edik if aH wmfor®w odrYk [kwf
EkdifiHawmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfonfh yk*¾dKvfu xkwfjyef
aMunmEdik o f nf/f
b@ma&;aumfr&Sif\ wm0efESifh vkyfydkifcGifh

230/ (u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;Xmersm;\ t&toHk;cefYrSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;ESifh
jynfaxmifpt k qifh tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ t&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udk
Edik if aH wmfor®wu wm0efay;tyfaom 'kw, d or®wwpfO;D u OD;aqmif
pdppfí jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D Xmersm; tygt0if jynfaxmifpk tqifh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ t&toHk;aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csufudk b@ma&;
aumfr&Sio f Ykd wifjy&rnf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f t&toH;k aiGpm&if;rsm;udk Edik if aH wmf
or®wu wm0efay;tyfaom use'f w k ,
d or®wwpfO;D u OD;aqmifppd pfNy;D
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f t&toH;k aiGpm&if; vsmxm;csuu f kd
b@ma&;aumfr&Sio f Ykd wifjy&rnf?
84
(c) The Financial Commission shall :
(i) submit to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw with recommendation for the
Union Budget which includes the expenditure of the Union territory,
a supplementary finance as suitable to the Regions or States from
the Union Fund, giving grants as a special matter and permitting
loans;
(ii) to advise financial matters that should be undertaken;
(iii) carry out the duties assigned by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw through
the promulgation of law for the emergence of a substantial financial
system.
(d) The Financial Commission shall submit with recommendation to the
President, the Bill of Union Budget, which includes Union Budget, the
distribution of suitable funds from Union Fund accounts to Regions or
States, the provisions or funds as a special case and disbursing of necessary
loans for submission them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(e) The Financial Commission may, if necessary, seek advice from financial
experts.
84
(*) b@ma&;aumfr&Sio
f nf -
(1) jynfaxmifpek ,fajr toH;k p&dwrf sm;yg&Sad om jynfaxmifp\ k
t&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
rsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGrS b@maiGrsm;udk
oifah vsmo
f vdk jznfq h nf;ay;jcif;? txl;udpöwpf&yftaejzifh
axmufyjhH cif;? acs;aiGrsm; cGijhf yKjcif;tygt0if jynfaxmifp\ k
b@maiG t&toH;k qdik &f m Oya'Murf; odUk r[kwf aemufxyf
b@maiGcaGJ 0oH;k pGaJ &; Oya'Murf;udk jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfoYkd
axmufcw H ifjy&rnf?
(2) b@ma&;qdik &f m aqmif&u G o
f ifo
h nfu
h pd rö sm;udk tBujH yKEikd af &;
twGuf aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(3) cdik rf maomb@ma&;pepf jzpfay:apa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í wm0efay;tyfonfh udp&ö yfrsm;udk
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(C) b@ma&;aumfr&Sio f nf jynfaxmifp\ k t&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;tm; jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrS
b@maiGrsm;udk oifhwifhavsmufywfpmG jznfq h nf;ay;jcif;? txl;udpö
wpf&yftaejzifh axmufyjhH cif;? vdt k yfrnfah cs;aiGrsm; xkwfacs;jcif;wdkY
yg0ifonfh jynfaxmifpk\b@maiGt&toHk;qdkif&m Oya'Murf;udk
jynfaxmifpkvw T af wmfoYdk wifjyEdik af &;twGuf Edik if aH wmfor®wxHoYkd
axmufcw H ifjy&rnf?
(i) b@ma&;aumfr&Sifonf vdktyfygu b@ma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;\
tBuÓ
H Pfrsm;udk &,lEidk o
f nf/
85
Taxes and revenues to be paid to the Union Fund
231. (a) The Union shall, with the exception of the taxes and revenues listed in
Schedule Five to be collected by Regions or States, collect all other taxes
and revenues in accord with the law and deposit them in the Union Fund.
(b) If it is necessary to collect designated receipts or incomes and taxes and
revenues to be collected by the Regions or States for the Union territories,
the Union shall collect them in accord with the law and deposit them in the
Union Fund.
(c) The Union has the right to expend the Union Fund in accord with the law.
The Union Ministers and the Deputy Ministers
Appointment of the Union Ministers

232. (a) The President shall appoint the Union Ministers who possess the following
qualifications :
(i) person who has attained the age of 40 years;
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit,
entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed
in Section 120;
(iii) person whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under
Section 121 which disqualify the person from standing for election
as the Pyithu Hluttaw representative;
(iv) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.
(b) In order to appoint the Union Ministers, the President shall :
(i) select suitable persons who have qualifications prescribed in Sub-
Section (a) from among the Hluttaw representatives or persons
who are not Hluttaw representatives;
85
jynfaxmifpkb@m&efyHkaiGodkY ay;oGif;&rnfhtcGeftcrsm;
231/ (u) jynfaxmifpo k nf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;uaumufccH iG &hf dS
aom Z,m; 5 yg tcGet f crsm;rSty tjcm;tcGet f crsm;udk Oya'ESihf
tnDaumufcí H jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGoYkd ay;oGi;f &rnf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufc&H efowfrw S x
f m;onfh
&aiGrsm;ESihf tcGet f ctrsK;d tpm;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;twGuf
aumufc&H ef&ydS gu jynfaxmifpu k Oya'ESit hf nDaumufcNH y;D jynfaxmifpk
b@m&efyakH iGoYkd ay;oGi;f &rnf?
( * ) jynfaxmifpo k nf jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGukd Oya'ESit fh nD oH;k pGcJ iG hf
&So
d nf/
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
232/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijfh ynfph o Hk rl sm;
ukd jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid of nf -
(1) touf 40 ESpf jynfNh y;D ol?
(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;onfh
jynfov Yl w
T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG rhf &Sad paom jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESivhf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So
d ?l
(4) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if oH m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0ef
ay;&ef -
(1) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xJu jzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
r[kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap yk'frcGJ (u) yg owfrSwfxm;onfh
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHaom oifhavsmfonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;ukd
a&G;cs,&f rnf?
86
(ii) obtain a list of suitable Defence Services personnel nominated by
the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services for Ministries
of Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs;
(iii) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
if he desires to appoint the Defence Services personnel as Union
Ministers for other Ministries apart from Ministries of Defence,
Home Affairs and Border Affairs.
(c) The President shall compile the list of persons selected by him and the list
of the Defence Services personnel nominated by the Commander-in-Chief
of the Defence Services and submit them to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its
approval.
(d) The appointment of a person as a Union Minister nominated by the
President shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless it can
clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the
qualifications of the Union Minister.
(e) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing
the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for the
appointment of a Union Minister .
(f) The President shall appoint the persons who have been approved by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as Union Ministers. In doing so, the President shall
designate Ministry or Ministries for each Union Minister to take
responsibility.
(g) The President shall intimate the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw whenever he appoints
Union Ministers.
(h) The Union Ministers shall be responsible to the President.
(i) If the Union Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw, it shall be deemed
that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as a Union Minister.
86
(2) umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme? jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D XmeESihf e,fpyfa&;&m
0efBuD;Xmersm;twGuf wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS
oifah vsmo f nfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(3) umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme? jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D XmeESihf e,fpyfa&;&m
0efBu;D Xmersm;tjyif tjcm;0efBu;D Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmfom;
rsm;tm; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyEf iS hf n§Ed iId ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf rdrad &G;cs,x f m;onfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;\ trnfpm&if;
ESihf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH &S &Sod nfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;wdu Yk pdk pk nf;í jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f vsuf
oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(C) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESirhf jynfph akH Mumif; txift&Sm;
rjyEkid yf gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onfyh *k K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(i) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpkvTGwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;
trnfpm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpv k wGT af wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(p) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsuf
&&SNd y;D onfyh *k K¾d vrf sm;tm; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&rnf/ xkdodkYcefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D csi;f tvku d f wm0ef,&l rnfh 0efBu;D Xme odrYk [kwf
0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(q) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;onfh
tcgwkid ;f jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
(Z) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(ps) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D onf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yf\uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f uG Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
87
(j) (i) If the Union Minister is a Civil Services personnel, it shall be
deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service
rules and regulations from the day he is appointed as a Union
Minister.
(ii) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as Union
Ministers for the Ministries of Defence, Home Affairs and Border
Affairs are not required to retire or resign from the Defence
Services.
(k) If the Union Minister is a member of any political party, he shall not take
part in its party activities during the term of office from the day he is
appointed as a Union Minister.
Impeachment of the Union Minister

233. (a) Any Union Minister may be impeached on any of the following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(ii) breach of any provision of the Constitution;
(iii) misconduct;
(iv) disqualification of qualification of the Union Minister prescribed in
the Constitution;
(b) If there is a need to impeach any Union Minister, the same procedure for
the impeachment of the President or Vice-President under Section 71
shall be applied.
(c) The President shall remove the impeached Union Minister from office
when the Hluttaw that had made an investigation had resolved and
87
(n) (1) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ
0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS
tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf [krw S ,
f &l rnf?
(2) umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme? jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D XmeESiYf e,fpyfa&;&m
0efBuD;Xmersm;twGuf jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyf
xm;jcif;cH&aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf wyfrawmfrS tNird ;f pm;
,l&ef odrYk [kwf Ekwx f uG &f efrvk/d
(#) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;onf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQif
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í rdrd
&mxl;oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzGUJ tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;
233/ (u) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf JG
jypfwifEidk o
f nf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfudk azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio hf ud m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'wGif owfrSwfxm;onfh jynfaxmifpk
0efBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
( c ) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay:pGypf jJG ypfwifvydk gu Ekid if aH wmfor®w
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d or®wukd pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;qdik &f m yk'rf 71 yg jy|mef;
csurf sm;ESithf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
( * ) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rSeuf efí pGypf cJG H
&olonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmif
ap&ef roifah Mumif;pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfv h w T af wmfu qk;H jzwfwifjyvQif
88
submitted to the President that the charge has been substantiated and the
Union Minister is unfit to continue in office.
(d) If the Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has failed, the Speaker
of the Hluttaw shall report the resolution to the President.
Appointment of Deputy Ministers

234. (a) The President shall appoint the persons, from among Hluttaw
representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw representatives,
possessing the following qualifications, as Deputy Ministers to assist the
Union Ministers :
(i) persons who have attained the age of 35 years;
(ii) persons who have qualifications, with the exception of the age
limit, prescribed in Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions under
Section 121 which disqualify a person from standing for election
as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(iv) persons loyal to the Union and its citizens.
(b) The President shall, to appoint the Deputy Ministers for Ministries of
Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs, have the list of suitable Defence
Services.
(c) The President shall co-ordiante with the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services if he desires to appoint the Defence Services personnel
as the Deputy Ministers of other Ministries apart from the Ministries of
Defence, Home Affairs and Border Affairs.
(d) The President shall designate Ministries for each Deputy Minister to take
responsibility.
88
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tm;
wm0efr&S yfp&J rnf?
(C) pGypf jJG ypfwifro
I nf rrSeu
f efaMumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;onfh vTwaf wmfu
qkH;jzwfygu xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif; oufqkdif&mvTwfawmfOuú|onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
234/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D rsm;tm; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f l
rsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk rl sm;ukd
'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid o f nf –
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y yk'rf 120 wGif azmfjyxm;aom
jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijhf ynfph o Hk ?l
(3) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESivhf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d ?l
(4) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d /l
( c ) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;&mwGif
umuG,af &;? jynfxaJ &;ESihf e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efrsm; ay;tyf&efjzpfygu
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S oihaf vsmo f nfw h yfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf umuG,af &;0efBu;D Xme? jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D XmeESihf
e,fpyfa&;&m0efBu;D Xmersm;tjyif tjcm;0efBu;D Xmersm;wGif wyfrawmf
om;rsm;tm; 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyEf iS hf ndE§ idI ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif
wm0ef,&l rnf0h efBu;D Xmersm;ukd owfrf w S af y;&rnf?
89
(e) The Deputy Ministers shall be responsible to the relevant Union Minister,
and to the President through the relevant Union Minister.
(f) If the Deputy Minister is a representative of a Hluttaw or a Civil Services
personnel or a Defence Services personnel, or a member of a political
party, the provisions of Sub-Sections (i), (j) and (k) of Section 232 shall
be applied.
Term of office, resignation, termination of duties and filling vacancy of the Union
Ministers and Deputy Ministers
235. (a) The term of the Union Minister and Deputy Minister is the same as that of
the President.
(b) The Union Minister or Deputy Minister may resign from office on his own
volition due to a certain reason before the expiry of his term of office, after
submitting his written resignation to the President.
(c) The President :
(i) may direct any Union Minister or Deputy Minister who cannot
discharge his duties efficiently to resign. If he fails to comply, he
shall be terminated from his duties;
(ii) shall co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services if it relates to a Defence Services personnel who is a
Minister or Deputy Minister to resign or remove from office.
(d) If the office of the Union Minister or Deputy Minister becomes vacant due
to resignation, removal from office, death or any other reason, the President
shall have the right to appoint and assign duties to a new Union Minister or
89
(i) 'kw,d 0efBu;D rsm;onf oufqidk &f mjynfaxmifp0k efBu;D tm;vnf;aumif;?
oufqkdif&mjynf a xmif p k 0 ef B uD ; rS w pf q if h Ek d i f i H a wmf o r® w tm;
vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
(p) 'kw, d 0efBu;D tjzpf ceftY yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf
&yf\ ud, k pf m;vS,af omfvnf;aumif;? Edik if 0hH efxrf;aomfvnf;aumif;?
wyfrawmfom;aomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJY0if
aomfvnf;aumif; jzpfygu yk'rf 232 yk'rf cGJ (ps)? (n) ESihf ( # ) yg
jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv
hf nf; oufqikd af p&rnf/
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;?

wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;
235/ (u) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;ESifh 'kwd,0efBuD;wdkY\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
omreftm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkid ;f jzpfonf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;onf &mxl;oufwrf;
rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumihf rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u G v f v dk Qif xko d EYdk wk xf u G v
f adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzihf
wifjyNy;D &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G Ef idk o
f nf?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf –
(1) ay;tyfonfhwm0efukd ausyGefpGm rxrf;aqmifEkdifaom
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; &mxl;
rSEw k x f uG &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wdik ;f vku
d ef m
jcif;rjyKvQif wm0efr&S yfp&J rnf?
(2) &mxl ; rS E k w f x G u f & rnf h od k Y r [k w f wm0ef r S & yf p J c H & rnf h
wyfrawmfom; jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D ESiYf
ywfoufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(C) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifjh zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap?
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D odrYk [kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;&mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif
90
Deputy Minister in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating
to the appointment of the Union Minister or Deputy Minister. The term of
office of the newly appointed Union Minister or Deputy Minister shall be
the same as the remaining term of the President.
(e) (i) When the President before the expiry of his term in office, has
appointed the Union Ministers or Deputy Ministers, and the
President’s office is vacant due to resignation or death or any
other reason, the Union Ministers and the Deputy Ministers shall
continue to perform their duties until the new elected President
has appointed and assigned duties to the new Union Ministers or
Deputy Ministers.
(ii) The term of the newly appointed Union Ministers and Deputy
Ministers shall be up to the expiry of the remaining term of the
new President.
(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Union Minister and Deputy Ministers
shall be prescribed by law.
The Attorney General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney General
236. The Attorney General of the Union shall be called the Attorney General of the
Union.
The appointment of the Attorney General of the Union

237. (a) The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, shall appoint
a person, from among Hluttaw representatives or persons who are not
90
EkdifiHawmfor®wonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D cefx Y m;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifh
tnD jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D topf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D topftm; ceft Y yf
wm0efay;Ekid o f nf/ xko d Ykd ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpk
0efBuD; odkYr[kwf 'kwd,0efBuD;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmf
or®w\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(i) (1) jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; odrYk [kwf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;tm; cefYtyf
wm0efay;onfh Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD
Ekwx f u G af omaMumihjf zpfap? uG,v f eG af omaMumifjh zpfap? wpfpHk
wpfcak om taMumif;aMumihjf zpfap Ekid if aH wmfor®w &mxl;
vpfvyfygu tpm;xk;kd a&G;cs,f wifajrm§ ufvu dk o
f nfh Ekid if aH wmf
or®wtopfu jynfaxmifpk0efBuD; topfrsm; odkYr[kwf
'kw, d 0efBu;D topfrsm;ukd ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ny;D onfh tcsed t f xd
jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;ESifY 'kwd,0efBuD;rsm;onf rdrdwkdY\
vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvufxrf;aqmif&rnf?
(2) tpm;xk;d ceft Y yf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D
topfrsm;ESiYf 'kw, d 0efBu;D topfrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ek d i f i H a wmf o r® w topf \ usef & S d o nf h &mxl ; ouf w rf ;
ukeq f ;Hk onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
(p) jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D ESihf 'kw, d 0efBu;D rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ESihf
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kkwd,a&SUaecsKyf
236/ jynfaxmifp\
k a&SUaecsKyu
f kd jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKy[
f k ac:a0:&rnf/
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
237/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'tBuÓ H Pfrsm;&,lEidk &f efEiS hf Oya'qkid &f m
wm0efrsm;ay;tyfEkdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap?
91
Hluttaw representatives having the following qualifications as the Attorney-
General of the Union to obtain legal advice and assign duties on legal
matters :
in Section 120;
(iii) person whose qualification does not breach the provisions under
as the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(iv) (aa) person who has served as a Judge of the Region or State
High Court for at least five years; or
(bb) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer
for at least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or
State Level;
(cc) person who has practised as an advocate for at least 20
years;
(dd) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an
eminent jurist;
(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.
(b) The appoitment of a person as the Attorney-General of the Union by the
President shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless it can
clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the qualification
of the Attorney-General of the Union.
(c) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing
appointment of a person as the Attorney-General of the Union.
(d) The Attorney-General of the Union is a member of the Union Government.
91
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f r[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyyg
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHonfh yk*d¾KvfwpfOD;OD;tm; jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&rnf –
jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
rsm;ESiv
hf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d ?l
(4) (uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f w&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ l
okrYd [kwf
( c c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd &mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qk;H tESpf 20 trI
vku d yf gaqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'
ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu,lqol/
(5) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
(c) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f wGuf owfrw S x
f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkidk yf gu jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfonf
EkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfyh *k K¾d vt f m; jynfaxmifpk
a&SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh yk*K¾dvt f pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYkd xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf?
(C) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyo f nf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &tzGUJ 0if jzpfonf?
92
(e) The Attorney General of the Union shall be responsible to the President.
(f) If the Attorney General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw, it
shall be deemed that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as
Attorney General of the Union.
(g) If the Attorney General of the Union is a Civil Services personnel, it shall
be deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service rules
and regulations from the day he is appointed as the Attorney General of
the Union.
(h) If the Attorney General of the Union is a member of any political party, he
shall not take part in its party activities during the term of office from the
day he is appointed as the Attorney General of the Union.
Impeachment of the Attorney General of the Union

238. If there is a need to impeach the Attorney General of the Union, the same procedure
for the impeachment of the Union Minister under Section 233 shall be applied.
Appointment of the Deputy Attorney General

239. (a) The President shall appoint, in his own volition, the persons from among
the Hluttaw representatives or from among those who are not Hluttaw
representatives who have the following qualifications, as Deputy Attorney
General to assist the Attorney General of the Union :
in Section 120;
92
(i) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyo f nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(p) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyo f nf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u
G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw,f &l rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk
a&SUaecsKytf jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;
jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(Z) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfonf EkdifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfvQif
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aeYrpS í
rdr&d mxl;oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;
238/ jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwifvykd gu jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm;
pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;qkid &f m yk'rf 233 &Sd jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&uG &f rnf/
'kwd,a&SUaecsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
239/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f m; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
r[kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk nfh
yk*K¾d vw
f pfO;D OD;tm; rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftjzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf –
jynfov Yl w
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk ?l
(3) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESivhf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&Sod ?l
93
(iv) (aa) person who has served as a Judge of the Region or State
High Court for at least five years; or
(bb) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer
for at least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or
State Level; or
(cc) person who has practised as an advocate for at least 15
years;
(dd) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an
eminent jurist;
(b) The Deputy Attorney-General shall be responsible to the Attorney-General
of the Union and to the President through the Attorney-General of the
Union.
(c) If the Deputy Attorney-General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw
or a Civil Services personnel or a member of a political party, the provisions
of Sub-Sections (f), (g) and (h) of Section 237 shall be applied.
Term of office, resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Attorney-
General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney-General
240. (a) The term of the Attorney-General of the Union and the Deputy Attorney-
General is normally the same as that of the President.
(b) The Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General may
resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry
of the term of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.
(c) The President may direct to resign the Attorney-General of the Union or
93
(4)(uu) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBuD;tjzpf tenf;qkH; ig;ESpfaqmif&GufcJhol
okrYd [kwf
( c c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f tqifx h ufredrahf om
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okdYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd &mxl;wGif
tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf trI
vku d yf gaqmif&u G cf o hJ l okrYd [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom Oya'
ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
(5) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o
H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
( c ) 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyftm; vnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfrSwpfqifh EkdifiHawmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf?
( * ) 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwfawmf
wpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifiHh0efxrf; aomf
vnf;aumif;? Edik if aH &;ygwDwpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfygu
yk'fr 237 yk'frcGJ ( p ) ?(q)ESifh ( Z ) yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;
oufqikd af p&rnf/
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \ Ykd &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEw k x

f u
G f
jcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifY vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;
240/ (u) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \Ykd &mxl;oufwrf;onf
( c ) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfonf &mxl;
oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf
&mxl;rSEw k x f u G vf v dk Qif xkod EYdk w k xf uG v
f adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH
pmjzihw f ifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEw k x
f uG Ef idk o f nf?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfw h m0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifEidk f
aom jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f m; &mxl;rS
94
the Deputy Attorney-General who cannot discharge his duties efficiently.
If either of them fails to comply, he shall be terminated from his duties.
(d) If the office of the Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-
General becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or
any other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign
duties to a new Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-
General in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating to the
appointment of the Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-
General. The term of the newly appointed Attorney-General of the Union
or the Deputy Attorney-General shall be the same as the remaining term
of office of the President.
appointed the Attorney-General of the Union and the Deputy
Attorney-General, and the President’s office is vacant due to
resignation or death or any other reason, the Attorney-General of
the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General may be continued to
be assigned or shall continue to perform their duties until the new
elected President has appointed and assigned duties to the new
Attorney-General of the Union or the Deputy Attorney-General
in accord with the provisions of the Constitution .
(ii) The term of the new appointed Attorney-General of the Union
and the Deputy Attorney-General shall be up to the expiry of the
remaining term of the new President.
(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Attorney-General of the Union and the
Deputy Attorney-General shall be prescribed by law.
94
Ekwx f uG &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wkid ;f vku d ef mjcif; rjyKvQif
wm0efr&S yfp&J rnf?
(C) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihjf zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKy&f mxl;ae&m vpfvyfvQif
Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf
odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyf cefx Y m;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESit hf nD jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyf
topftm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid o f nf/ xko d Ydk ceft Y yfwm0ef ay;jcif;cH&onfh
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKy\ f &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf; twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(i) (1) jynfaxmifpka&SUaecsKyfESifh 'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkYtm; cefYtyf
wm0efay;onfh Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf &mxl;oufwrf; rukeq f ;Hk rD
EkwfxGufaomaMumifhjzpfap? uG,fvGefaomaMumihfjzpfap?
wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap EkdifiHawmfor®w
&mxl;vpfvyfvQif tpm;xkd;a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufvkdufonfh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopfonf ,if;wkt Yd m;qufvufwm0efay;Ekid f
onf okrYd [kwf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opfEiS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfrsm;udk
ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/ ,if;odYk ceft Y yfwm0efay;rnf qkyd gu
jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyt f opfEiS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfrsm;udk
ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ny;D onft h csed tf xd jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS Yf
'kwd,a&SUaecsKyfwdkYtm; ,if;wdkY\ vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd
qufvufxrf;aqmifapEkid o f nf?
(2) tpm;xk;d ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyf
topfEiS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyt f opfw\ Ykd &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopf\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf; ukeq f ;Hk
onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
(p) jynfaxmifpak &SUaecsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d a&SUaecsKyw f \ Ykd wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG fh
rsm;ESihf &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
95
Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General
241. The Auditor-General of the Union shall be called the Auditor-General of the Union.
Appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union

242. (a) The President, with the approval of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, shall appoint
a person from among Hluttaw representatives or from among those who
are not Hluttaw representatives, who has the following qualifications, as
the Auditor-General of the Union so as to audit Union Budget and report
thereon to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw :
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit,
in Section 120;
(iii) persons whose qualification does not breach the provisions in
(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor for at least 10 years
not lower than that of the Region or State Level; or
(bb) person who has served as a Registered Accountant or a
Certified Public Accountant for at least 20 years; or
(cc) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an
eminent accountant, statistician or economist.
(b) The person nominated by the President to be appointed as the Auditor-
General of the Union shall not be refused by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw unless
95
jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf
241/ jynfaxmifp\ k pm&if;ppfcsKyuf kd jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKy[
f k ac:a0:&rnf/
jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
242/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Ekid if aH wmf\ t&tok;H pm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdY wifjyEkdif&ef vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
xJ u jzpf a p? vT w f a wmf u k d , f p m;vS , f r [k w f o l r sm;xJ u jzpf a p
atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk nfyh *k Kd¾ vwf pfO;D OD;tm;
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\oabmwlncD sujf zifh jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf
tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf –
jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
rsm;ESiv hf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d ?l
(4) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h ufredrahf om
pm&if;ppft&m&Sd &mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf aqmif
&Gucf o hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif okdYr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolY
pm&if;ukid t f jzpf tenf;qk;H 20 ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l
okrYd [kwf
( * * ) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom pm&if;
ynm&Sif okdYr[kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odkYr[kwf
pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
(5) Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
( c ) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f wGuf owfrf w S x f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;
ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyoEkid yf gu jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf
96
it can clearly be proved that the person concerned does not meet the
qualification to be the Auditor-General of the Union.
(c) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing
appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union.
(d) The Auditor-General of the Union shall be responsible to the President.
(e) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a Hluttaw representative, it shall be
deemed that he has resigned from the day he is appointed as the Auditor-
General of the Union.
(f) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a Civil Services personnel, it shall
be deemed that he has retired according to the existing civil service rules
and regulations from the day he is appointed as the Auditor-General of the
Union.
(g) If the Auditor-General of the Union is a member of any political party, he
shall not take part in its party activities during the term of office from the
day he is appointed as Auditor-General of the Union.
Impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Union

243. If there is a need to impeach the Auditor-General of the Union, the same procedure
for the impeachment of the Union Minister under Section 233 shall be applied.
Appointment of the Deputy Auditor-General

244. (a) The President shall appoint, in his own volition, the persons from among
the Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw
representatives, who have the following qualifications, as the Deputy
Auditor-General to assist the Auditor-General of the Union :
96
onf EkdifiHawmfor®wu trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh yk*d¾Kvftm;
jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceftY yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG fh r&Sad p&?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef
jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf\ oabmwlnDcsufr&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm;
trnfpm&if;opfudk jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(C) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyo f nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyo f nf vTwaf wmfwpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,f
jzpfvQif jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceftY yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh
aeYrpS í vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f uG Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f l
&rnf?
(p) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf EkdifiHh0efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpk
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfqJ 0efxrf;
pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD EkdifiHh0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;
jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(q) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyo f nf Ekid if aH &;ygwDwpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0ifjzpfvQif
jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyf odkYr[kwf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf
cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí rdrd&mxl;oufwrf;twG i f ;
,if;ygwDtzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G jf cif;rjyK&/
jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;
243/ jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; pGypf jJGypfwifvykd gu jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm;
pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;qdik &f m yk'rf 233 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&uG &f rnf/
'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;
244/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m; taxmuftuljyK&ef
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f r[kwf
olrsm;xJujzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHonfh
yk*K¾d vw
f pfO;D OD;tm; rdrod abmqE´tavsmuf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKytf jzpf
ceftY yfwm0efay;&rnf –
97
in Section 120;
(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor for at least 10 years
not lower than that of the Region or State Level; or
Certified Public Accountant for at least 15 years; or
(cc) person who is, in the opinion of the President, as an
eminent accountant, statistician or economist.
(b) The Deputy Auditor-General shall be responsible to the Auditor-General
of the Union and the President through the Auditor-General of the Union.
(c) If the Deputy Auditor-General of the Union is a representative of a Hluttaw
or civil service personnel or member of a political party, the provisions of
Sub-Sections (e), (f) and (g) of Section 242 shall be applied.
Term of office, resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Auditor-
General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-General
245. (a) The term of the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy Auditor-
General is normally the same as that of the President.
97
(2) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;aom
jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
(3) yk'rf 121 wGiaf zmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl wT af wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;ESiv
(4) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h uf redrahf om
pm&if;ppft&m&Sd &mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf
aqmif&u G cf o hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif okdYr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolY
hJ l
okrYd [kwf
( * * ) xifay:ausmfMum;onfh *kPfowif;&Sdaom pm&if;
ynm&Sif okdYr[kwf pm&if;tif;ynm&Sif odkYr[kwf
pD;yGm;a&;ynm&Sit f jzpf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
(c) 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f m;vnf;aumif;?
jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyrf w S pfqifh Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf?
(*) 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&olonf vTwaf wmf
wpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif;? EdkifihH0efxrf;aomf
vnf;aumif;? Edik if aH &;ygwDwpfcck \ k tzGUJ 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; jzpfygu
yk'rf 242 yk'rf cGJ ( i ) ? ( p ) ESihf (q) yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;
oufqikd af p&rnf/
jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESihf 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rS

EkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifhvpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;
245/ (u) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw
f \
Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;
onf omreftm;jzifh Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;twkid ;f jzpfonf?
98
(b) The Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General may
resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry
of the term of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.
(c) The President may direct to resign the Auditor-General of the Union or
the Deputy Auditor-General who cannot discharge his duties efficiently. If
either of them fails to comply, he shall be terminated from his duties.
(d) If the office of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-
General becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or
any other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign
duties to a new Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-
General in accord with the provisions of the Constitution relating to the
appointment of the Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-
General. The term of the newly appointed Auditor-General of the Union
or the Deputy Auditor-General shall be the same as the remaining term of
the President.
appointed the Auditor-General of the Union and the Deputy
Auditor-General, and the President’s office is vacant due to
resignation or death or any other reason, the Auditor-General of
the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General may be continued to be
assigned or shall continue to perform their duties until the new
elected President has appointed and assigned duties to the new

98
(c) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf &mxl;
oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´tavsmuf
&mxl;rSEw k x f u G v f v dk Qif xko d EYdk w
k x f uG vf adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH
pmjzihw f ifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEw k x
f uG Ef idk of nf?
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf ay;tyfonfw h m0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmif
Ekid af om jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f m;
&mxl ; rS E k w f x G u f & ef ñT e f M um;Ek d i f o nf / ñT e f M um;onf h t wk d i f ;
vku d ef mjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efr&S yfp&J rnf?
(C) &mxl;rS Ekwx f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihjf zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumihfjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh jzpfap
jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf &mxl;ae&m
vpfvyfvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jynfaxmifpk
pm&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKycf efx Y m;jcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh
jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftopf odkYr[kwf
'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opftm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid o f nf/ xko d Ydk ceftY yf
wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyf odrYk [kwf 'kw, d
pm&if;ppfcsKy\ f &mxl;oufwrf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\ use&f o dS nfh
&mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(i) (1) jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyw f t Ykd m; ceft Y yf
wm0ef a y;onf h Ek d i f i H a wmf o r® w onf &mxl ; ouf w rf ;
rukefqkH;rD EkwfxGufoGm;aomaMumifhjzpfap? uG,fvGefaom
aMumihfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom taMumif;aMumihfjzpfap
Ekid if aH wmfor®w&mxl; vpfvyfygu tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ uf
vku d o f nfh Ekid if aH wmfor®w topfonf ,if;wkt Yd m; qufvuf
wm0efay;Ekid o f nf okrYd [kwf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfESihf 'kwd,
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opfrsm;udk ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf/ ,if;odYk
ceft Y yfwm0efay;rnfqykd gu jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyt f opfEiS fh
'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyftopfrsm;udk cefYtyfwm0efay;NyD;onfh
tcsed t f xd jynfaxmifppk m&if;ppfcsKyEf iS hf 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKyf
99
Auditor-General of the Union or the Deputy Auditor-General in
accord with the provisions of the Constitution.
(ii) The term of the new appointed Auditor-General of the Union or
the Deputy Auditor-General shall be up to the expiry of the
remaining term of the new President.
(f) Duties, powers and rights of the Auditor-General of the Union and the
Deputy Auditor-General shall be prescribed by law.
Formation of the Union Civil Services Board

246. (a) The President shall form the Union Civil Services Board to enable to
perform the duties of selecting, training the Civil services personnel and
prescribing of Civil Service regulations.
(b) The President shall appoint the persons who have the following qualifications
as the Chairperson and Members of the Union Civil Services Board :
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit,
in Section 120;
(iv) experienced intelligentsia and intellectuals;
(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens;
(vi) person who is not a member of a political party;
(vii) person who is not a Hluttaw representative.
(c) If the Chairperson and members of the Union Civil Services Board are
Civil Services personnel, it shall be deemed that they have retired according
to the existing Civil Services rules and regulations from the day they are
appointed as Chairperson and Members of the Union Civil Services Board
of the Union.
99
wdkYtm; ,if;wdkY\vkyfief;wm0efrsm;ukd qufvufxrf;aqmif
apEkid o f nf?
(2) tpm;xk d ; cef Y t yf wm0ef a y;jcif ; cH & onf h jynf a xmif p k
pm&if;ppfcsKyt f opfEiS fh 'kw, d pm&if;ppfcsKytf opfw\ Ydk &mxl;
oufwrf;onf EkdifiHawmfor®wtopf\ usef&Sdonfh&mxl;
oufwrf;ukeq f ;Hk onftxdom jzpf&rnf/
(p) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyfESifh 'kwd,pm&if;ppfcsKyfwkdY\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;ESiYf &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;
246/ (u) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;a&G;cs,af &;? avhusiahf &;wm0efEiS hf
Ekid if 0hH efxrf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;owfrw S af &; wm0efrsm;xrf;aqmifEidk &f ef
jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;&rnf?
( c ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk rl sm;
tm; jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&rnf –
jynfov Yl w
rsm;ESiv
(4) tawGUtBuK&H ifu h suaf om todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sijf zpfo?l
(5) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d ?l
(6) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0if r[kwo f ?l
(7) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f r[kwo f /l
( * ) jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif
jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;
cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD Edik if hH
0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
100
(d) The Chairperson of the Union Civil Services Board shall be responsible
to the President, and members of the Union Civil Services Board shall be
responsible to the President through the Chairperson of Union Civil Services
Board.
(e) The term of the Chairperson and members of the Union Civil Services
Board is normally the same as that of the President.
(f) Formation of the Union Civil Services Board, duties, powers and rights of
the Chairperson and Members, resignation and termination of duties shall
be prescribed by law.
The Region Government or the State Government
247. (a) The Head of the Region or State shall be called the Chief Minister of the
Region or State.
(b) The Member of the Region or State Government shall be called the Minister
of the Region or State.
Formation of the Region Government or State Government

248. (a) The Region Government is formed in the Region and State Government is
formed in the State respectively.
(b) The Region or State Government is formed with the following persons :
(i) the Chief Minister of the Region or State;
(ii) the Ministers of the Region or State;
(iii) the Adovocate General of the Region or State.
(c) The President, with the approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned,
may :
(i) specify the Region or State Ministries as may be necessary.
Moreover, he may make changes and additions to the specified
Ministries;
(ii) specify the number of the Ministers of the Region or State as may
be necessary. Moreover, the specified number may be increased
or decreased.
100
(C) jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ Ouú|onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif;?
tzGJU0ifrsm;onf jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESihf ,if;rSwpfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUOuú|ESifh tzJGU0ifrsm;\ oufwrf;onf
( p) jynfaxmifp&k mxl;0eftzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESifh tzGUJ 0ifw\ Ydk wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;? &ykid cf iG rfh sm;? &mxl;rSEw
k x
f u
G jf cif;ESihf wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;
wku Yd dk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU
247/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tBuD;trSL;ukd

wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy[
f k ac:a0:&rnf?
(c) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\tpkd;&tzGJU0ifukd wkdif;a'oBuD;
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D [k ac:a0:&rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;jcif;

248/ (u) wkdif;a'oBuD;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;&tzGJU? jynfe,fwGif jynfe,f
tpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;xm;&So d nf?
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ ukd atmufazmfjyyg yk*K¾d vf
rsm;jzifh zGUJ pnf;onf -
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy?f
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;?
(3) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy/f
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmf\oabmwlncD sujf zifh –
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D Xmersm;ukd vkt d yfovkd
owf r S w f E k d i f o nf / xd k Y j yif owf r S w f 0 ef B uD ; Xmersm;ud k
jyifqifjcif;? jznhpf u G jf cif;jyKEikd o
f nf?
(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;OD;a&ukd vkdtyfovkd
owfrw S Ef idk o
f nf/ xkjYd yif owfrw S Of ;D a&ukd wk;d jcif;? avQmjh cif;
jyKEidk o
f nf/
101
Executive powers of the Region or State Government
249. Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, the executive power of the Region or
State Government extends to the administrative matters which the Region or State Hlutttaw
has power to make laws. Moreover, it also extends to the matters which the Region or
State Government is permitted to perform in accord with any Union Law.
250. The Region or State Government shall have the responsibility to assist the Union
Government in the preservation of the stability of the Union, community peace and tranquillity
and prevalence of law and order.
251. The Region or State Government shall, subject to the policies adopted by the
Union Government and Union Laws, implement projects that are to be undertaken in the
Region or State with the approval of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
252. The Region or State Government shall, in accord with the provisions of the
Constitution, submit the Region or State Budget Bill based on the annual Union Budget to
the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
253. The Region or State Government shall, if the Region or State Budget Bill is unable
to promulgate before the end of the Budget year, expend within the framework of the
general expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Region or State Hluttaw.
101
wkdif;a'oBuD;tpkd;& odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm
249/ zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESirhf qefu
Y siv
f Qif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftpd;k &\ tkycf sKyrf t
I mPmonf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu
Oya'jyKEkdifaomudpö&yfrsm;okdY oufa&mufysHUESHUonf/ xkdYjyif jynfaxmifpk Oya'
wpf&yf&yft& wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpkd;&tm; aqmif&GufcGifhjyKonfh
udp&ö yfrsm;okv
Yd nf; oufa&mufysUH ESUH onf/
250/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf jynfaxmifpt

k pk;d &u Ekid if aH wmf
wnfNidrfa&;? &yf&Gmat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;wkdYukd xdef;odrf;
apmifah &Smuf&mwGif uln&D efwm0ef&odS nf/
251/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &u csrw S x
f m;
onfh rl0g'rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkOya'rsm;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif;
rqefuY siaf pbJ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G f
rnfv
h yk if ef;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh pDru
H ed ;f rsm;ukd oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&u G &f rnf/
252/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;
csurf sm;ESithf nD jynfaxmifp\k ESppf Oft&tok;H cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;tay: tajcjyKvsuf
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tok;H qkid &f m Oya'Murf;ukd jy|mef;
ay;Ekid af &;twGuf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f
&rnf/
253/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf rdrw d ifoiG ;f onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&mOya'Murf;ukd b@ma&;ESpf
rukefqkH;rD oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu jy|mef;jcif;
rjyKEidk v
f Qif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aemufq;Hk jy|mef;xm;onfh
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&tokH;qkdif&mOya'yg omref
tok;H p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuaf bmiftwGi;f ok;H pJcG iG &hf o
dS nf/
102
Charges and Taxes to be Collected by the Region or State Government
254. (a) The Region or State shall collect the taxes and revenues listed in Schedule
Five in accord with law and deposit them in the Region or State fund.
(b) The Region or State has the right to expend the Region or State fund in
accord with the law.
255. The Region or State Government, in accord with the provisions of the Constitution,
may submit the necessary Bill relating to matters listed in Schedule Two of the Region or
State Legislative List to the Region or State Hluttaw.
256. The Region or State Government :

(a) shall, in carrying out the functions of the Region or State Ministries, their
subordinate governmental departments and organizations, manage, guide,
supervise and inspect in accord with the provisions of the Constitution
and the existing laws;
(b) may, relating to the performance of the civil service organizations discharging
duties in their Region or State concerned, supervise, inspect and co-
ordinate in accord with the law.
257. The Region or State Government may, for enabling the performance of the functions
to be carried out in accord with the Union Law for Civil Services and in co-ordination with
the Union Government in advance :
(a) form Civil Services organizations relating to the Region or State as
necessary;
(b) appoint the required number of Civil Services personnel.
102
wdik ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k & odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;u aumufc&H rnfh tcGet f crsm;
254/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u Z,m; 5 yg tcGeftcrsm;udk
Oya'ESifhtnDaumufcHí wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m
&efyakH iGoYkd ay;oGi;f &rnf?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;onf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fb@m&efyakH iGrsm;udk Oya'ESit hf nD oH;k pGcJ iG &hf o
dS nf/
255/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;
csufrsm;ESifhtnD Z,m; 2 &Sd wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f Oya'jyKpm&if;yg
udp&ö yfrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í vkt
d yfonfOh ya'Murf;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f Ekid o
f nf/
256/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &onf -

(u) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;Xmersm;ESifh ,if;wkdY\
vufatmuftpk;d &Xmersm;? tzJUG tpnf;rsm;\vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf rI sm;ukd
zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD jzpfap&efvnf;aumif;?
wnfqOJ ya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD jzpfap&efvnf;aumif; pDrcH efcY jGJcif;?
vrf;ñTejf cif;? Bu;D Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif; jyK&rnf?
( c ) rdrdwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; wm0efxrf;aqmifvsuf
&Sad om e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\ vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf rI sm;udk
vnf; Oya'ESit hf nD Bu;D Muyfjcif;? ppfaq;jcif;? aygif;pyfnEd§ idI ;f ay;jcif;
jyKEidk o
f nf/
257/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &onf Edik if 0hH efxrf;qdik &f m jynfaxmifpk
Oya'ESithf nDvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf BuKd wifnEd§ iId ;f ívnf;aumif; rdrd
wm0ef,l taumiftxnfazmf&onfv h yk if ef;rsm;udk aqmif&u G Ef idk &f ef -
(u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fqikd &f m e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;
rsm;udk vdtk yfovdk zGUJ pnf;Ekid o
f nf?
( c ) vdt k yfaom e,fbuf0efxrf;rsm;udk ceft Y yfEidk o
f nf/
103
258. The Region or State Government shall :
(a) implement the administrative resolutions passed occasionally by the Region
or State concerned and report back the actions which has taken to the
Region or State Hluttaw concerned;
(b) submit the report on the general situations of its area to the Union
Government and to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
259. The Region or State Government shall discharge the functions occasionally assigned
by the Union Government.
Office of the Region or State Government
260. The Head of the General Administration Department of the Region or State is the
ex-officio Secretary of the Region or State Government concerned. Moreover, the General
Administration Department of the Region or State is the Office of the Region or State
Government concerned.
Chief Minister of the Region or State
Appointment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State
261. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall have the following
qualifications :
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age
limit, entitled to be elected as Pyithu Hluttaw representatives
prescribed in Section 120;
103
258/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &onf -
(u) oufqdkif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfu tcg
tm;avsmpf mG csrw S o
f nfh tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mqH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk taumif
txnfazmf aqmif&Guf&rnf/ rdrd\ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk
oufqikd &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd jyefvnf
tpD&ifc&H rnf?
( c ) rdred ,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mudk
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfoYkd wifjy&rnf/
259/ wdkif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tcg

tm;avsmpf mG ay;tyfvmonfvh yk if ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;tpdk;&tzGJU½Hk; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJU½kH;

260/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;OD;pD;Xme tBu;D trSL;onf
&mxl;tavsmuf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzJUG \ twGi;f
a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ xkdYtjyif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftaxGaxGtkyfcsKyfa&;
OD;pD;Xmeonf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ ½k;H vnf;jzpfonf/
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f 0efBuD;csKyf
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;

261/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf atmufyg t&nf
tcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf –
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y yk'rf 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh
jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw
S xf m;aom
104
(iii) person whose qualification does not breach the provisions under
(iv) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens.
(b) In order to appoint the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned,
the President shall :
(i) select a suitable Hluttaw representative who has the prescribed
qualifications from among the Region or State Hluttaw
representatives concerned;
(ii) submit the list of the elected Hluttaw representatives to the Region
or State Hluttaw concerned for its approval.
(c) The President shall appoint the Hluttaw representative approved by the
Region or State Hluttaw as the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned.
(d) The appointment of a person as a Chief Minister of the Region or State
nominated by the President shall not be refused by the Region or State
Hluttaw unless it can clearly be proved that the person concerned does
not meet the qualifications of the Chief Minister of the Region or State.
(e) The President has the right to submit again the list with a new name replacing
the one who has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw for
the appointment of the Chief Minister.

104
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef -
(1) oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
uk,d pf m;vS,frsm;xJu owfrw S xf m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
jynfph aHk om oihaf vsmo f nfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,w f pfO;D tm;
a&G;cs,&f rnf?
(2) a&G;cs,fxm;onfh vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f\ trnfpm&if;ukd
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY
ay;ykv Yd suf oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf/
(*) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabmwlncD su&f &SNd y;D onfh vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m; oufqidk &f m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrY d [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu trnfpm&if;
wifoGif;onfh vTwfawmfu, dk pf m;vS,t f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG fh r&Sad p&?
(i) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f jzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh yk*K¾dvt f pm; trnfpm&if;opfudk wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGifh &So d nf/
105
Ministers of the Region or Ministers of the State
Appointment of the Ministers of the Region or Ministers of the State
262. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall :

(i) select suitable persons who have prescribed qualifications under
Sub-Section (a) of Section 261, from among the Region or State
Hluttaw representatives or from among persons who are not
Hluttaw representatives concerned;
(ii) request for a list of suitable Defence Services personnel nominated
by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to assign
responsibilities of Security and Border Affairs;
(iii) obtain a list of Chairpersons of Leading Bodies of the Self-
Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone in the Region
or State concerned;
(iv) obtain the list of Hluttaw representatives elected to carry out the
affairs of National races in the Region or State concerned from
the relevant Election Commission.
(b) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall compile the list of persons
selected by him and the list of the Defence Services personnel nominated
by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services and submit them to
the Region or State Hluttaw concerned for its approval.
(c) The appointment of a person as a Minister of the Region or State nominated
by the Chief Minister of the Region or State shall not be refused by the
Region or State Hluttaw unless it can clearly be proved that the person
concerned does not have the qualifications of the Minister of the Region
or State.
105
wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;
wkdif;a'oBuD;0efBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;

262/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf –
(1) oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f l
rsm;xJujzpfap yk'rf 261? yk'rf cGJ (u) yg jy|mef;csuw f iG f
owfrw S x
f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESijfhynfph aHk om oifah vsmo f nfh
yk*K¾d vrf sm;ukd a&G;cs,&f rnf?
(2) vkHNcKHa&;ESihfe,fpyfa&;&m wm0efay;tyfEkdif&ef wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S oihaf vsmof nfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd awmif;cH&rnf?
(3) oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'o
OD;pD;tzGUJ xHrS ,if;wd\ Yk Ouú|trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(4) oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;
om;vlrsK;d a&;&m aqmif&u G &f eftwGuf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf
xm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd
oufqidk &f m a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Six f rH S &,l&rnf/
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf rdrad &G;cs,x f m;onfh
yk*K¾d vrf sm;ESiw hf yfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH &S &Sod nfw h yfrawmfom;
rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukpd pk nf;Ny;D oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfow Ykd ifoiG ;f vsuf oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf?
( * ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG fh
r&Sad p&?
106
(d) The Chief Minister of the Region or State has the right to submit again the
list with a new name replacing the one who has not been approved by the
Region or State Hluttaw for the appointment of a Minister of the Region
or State.
(e) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall submit the list of persons
who are approved by the Region or State Hluttaw or Chairpersons of the
Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone and the list of
persons who are representatives elected to undertake the affairs of
National races to appoint as the Ministers of the Region or State to the
President.
(f) The President shall appoint the persons who have been approved by the
Chief Minister of the Region or State as Ministers of the Region or State.
In doing so, he shall, in co-ordination with the Chief Minister of the Region
or State concerned, designate the Ministry or Ministries which each Region
or the State Minister to take responsiblity.
(g) The President shall :
(i) assign duties to the Chairpersons of the Self-Administered Division
and the Self-Administered Zone who are the Ministers of the
Region or State, to perform the affairs of the Self-Administered
Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned;
(ii) assign duties to the Hluttaw representatives who are the Ministers
of the Region or State, to perform the affairs of National races
concerned.
106
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfyh *k K¾d vt f pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f vTwaf wmfoYkd
xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o dS nf?
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD su&f &SNd y;D onfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;udak omf
vnf;aumif;? uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOuú|rsm;\ trnfpm&if;ESihf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d a&;&m aqmif&u G f
&ef a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\
trnfpm&if;ygyk*K¾d vrf sm;udak omfvnf;aumif; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;rsm;tjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;&ef EkdifiHawmfor®wxH
wifjy&rnf?
(p) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwfjynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu
wifjyvmonfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/ xko d cYkd eft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&mwGif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D wpfO;D csi;f tvku d f
wm0ef,l&rnfh0efBuD;Xme odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;Xmersm;ukd oufqdkif&m
0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf n§Ed iId ;f vsuo f wfrw S af y;&rnf?
(q) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf –
(1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;jzpfonfh uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f Ouú|ESifh uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOuú|rsm;tm;
oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdif
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'oa&;&mrsm;ukd aqmif&u G &f efwm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;jzpfonfh wkid ;f &if;om;
vlrsKd;a&;&maqmif&Guf&ef a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;onfh
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; oufqkdif&m wkdif;&if;om;
vlrsK;d a&;&mrsm;ukad qmif&u G &f ef wm0efay;tyf&rnf/
107
(h) The President shall relax the prescribed age limit under the Constitution in
appointing the Minister of the Region or State, the Chairperson of the
Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone or elected
Hluttaw representative to perform the affairs of National races concerned.
(i) The President may, in co-ordination with the Chief Minister, appoint
Ministers for the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone
or Ministers for National races affairs as Ministers concurrently in charge
of other Ministries.
(j) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall, if he wishes to assign the
Defence Services personnel as the Region or State Ministers for other
duties apart from security and border affairs, obtain their list from the
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services with the approval of the
Region or State Hluttaw concerned, submit it to the President.
(k) The President shall intimate the appointments of the Chief Minister and
Ministers of the Region or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned
and Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
(l) (i) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall be responsible to
the President.
(ii) The Ministers of the Region or State shall be responsible to the
Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned and to the
President through the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned.
(m) The term of the Chief Minister and Ministers of the Region or State is the
same as that of the President.
107
(Z) oufqidk &f muk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'oOuú|tm;vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d a&;&m aqmif&u G &f ef a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufxm;onfh vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vnf;aumif;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&mwGif
Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S x f m;onfh
toufuefo Y wfcsuu f dk avsmaY yghay;&rnf?
(ps) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf 0efBu;D csKyEf iS n hf Ed§ iId ;f í uk,d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f
odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oqkid &f m 0efBu;D rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d a&;&m0efBu;D rsm;tm;vnf;aumif; tjcm;0efBu;D Xme
wm0efrsm;ukv d nf; yl;wGw J m0efay;tyfEidk o f nf?
(n) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf vkNH cKaH &;ESifh e,fpyf
a&;&mwm0efrsm;rSty tjcm;wm0efrsm;twGuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;tm;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;vkv d Qif
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S trnfpm&if;awmif;cHí ,if;trnf
pm&if;ukd oufqkdif&mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf\
oabmwlncD su&f ,lvsuf Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf?
( # ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf
0efBu;D rsm; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;rsm;ukd oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynf e ,f v T w f a wmf o k d Y v nf ; aumif ; ? jynf a xmif p k v T w f a wmf o d k Y
vnf;aumif; taMumif;Mum;&rnf?
( X ) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf EkdifiHawmf
or®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D rsm;onf oufqidk &f m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;?
oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf rSwpfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf/
( ! ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS hf 0efBu;D rsm;\ &mxl;
oufwrf;onf omreftm;jzifh EkdifiHawmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf;
twkid ;f jzpfonf?
108
(n) (i) If the Minister of the Region or State is a Civil Services personnel,
it shall be deemed that he has retired according to the existing
Civil Services rules and regulations from the day he is appointed
as Minister of the Region or State.
(ii) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as Ministers
of the Region or State for Ministries of Security and Border Affairs
are not required to retire or resign from the Defence Services.
Impeachment of the Chief Minister of the Region or State or any Minister

263. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State or any Minister, may be
impeached for one of the following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(ii) breach of any of the provisions of the Constitution;
(iii) misconduct;
(iv) disqualification of qualification of the Chief Minister or Minister
of the Region or State prescribed in the Constitution;
(b) If there is a need to impeach the Chief Minister or any of the Ministers of
the Region or State, a charge signed by not less than one-fourth of the
total number of representatives of either the Region or State Hluttaw
concerned shall be submitted to the Speaker of the Hluttaw concerned.
(c) The Speaker of the Hluttaw concerned shall form a body of investigation
to investigate the charge. The term of the completion of the investigation
shall be determined on the volume of work.
108
(¡) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D onf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;tjzpf cefYtyfjcif;
cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfqJ 0efxrf; pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit fh nD
Ekid if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(2) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ rsm;\ vkNH cKaH &;ESifh
e,f p yf a &;&m0efBuD;Xmersm;wGif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D tjzpf cefx Y m;jcif;cH&aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf
wyfrawmfrt S Nird ;f pm;,l&ef okrYd [kwf Ekwx
f u
G &f efrvk/d
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf JG
jypfwifjcif;
263/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD; tm;
atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumifh pGypf jJG ypfwifEidk o f nf –
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfudk azmufzsujf cif;?
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio fh u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif jy|mef;xm;onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D \t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
( c ) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;
tay:azmfjyygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jJG ypfwifvydk gu oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f
pkpkaygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qkH;av;ykHwpfykHu vufrSwfa&;xkd;NyD;
rdrw d \ Ykd pGypf cJG suu f kd oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf?
( * ) oufqidk &f m vTwaf wmfOuú|onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;í
pGypf cJG suu f dk pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyif ef;yrmP
ukad xmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rINy;D pD;&rnfu h mvukvd nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
109
(d) When the charge is being investigated, the Chief Minister or Minister of
the Region or State shall have the right to defend himself in person or
through a representative.
(e) (i) If an Investigation Body submits its investigation concerning the
impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region
or State by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned, the Speaker
of the Hluttaw shall submit it to the relevant Region or State
Hluttaw.
If, after the investigation, on submitting the findings of the charge
has been substantiated and that Chief Minister or any Minister of
the Region or State is unfit to continue in office by not less than
two-thirds of the total number of representatives of the Hluttaw
concerned which investigated, the Speaker shall submit the
resolution to the President.
(ii) The President, upon receipt of the report, shall remove the
impeached Chief Minister or Minister of the Region or State.
(iii) If the Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has been failed,
the Speaker of the Hluttaw shall submit the resolution to the
President.
Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Chief Minister or

Minister of the Region or State
264. (a) The Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region or State may resign from
office on his own volition due to a certain reason before expiry of the term
of office, after submitting his written resignation to the President.
109
(C) pGypf cJG suuf pdk pHk rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&aom wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;tm; ukd,fwdkifaomf
vnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zihaf omfvnf;aumif; acsycGiafh y;&rnf?
(i) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D
wpfO;D OD;tay: oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ pGypf jJG ypfwifrEI iS pfh yfvsO;f í pkpH rf;ppfaq;
a&;tzGUJ u pkpH rf;ppfaq;awGU&Scd surf sm;ukd wifjyvmvQif vTwaf wmf
Ouú|onf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjy&rnf/ oufqkdif&m vTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,pf pk ak ygif;OD;a& tenf;qk;H ok;H ykEH pS yf u Hk pGypf jJG ypfwifrI
onfreS u f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Guaf p&ef
roifah Mumif;qk;H jzwfvQif Ouú|onf xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuu f kd Ekid if aH wmf
or®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
(2) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wifjycsu&f &Sv d Qif pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&onfh
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D tm;
&mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
(3) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfu
qkH;jzwfvQif xkdokdYqkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd vTwfawmfOuú|onf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD; Ekwx f u G jf cif;?
wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;ESiYf vpfvyf&mxl;ae&m jznfph u G cf efxY m;jcif;
264/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;onf
&mxl;oufwrf;rukeq f ;Hk rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abm qE´
tavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k xf u G vf v
dk Qif xko d EYkd w
k x f u
G v
f adk Mumif; Ekid if aH wmf
or®wxH pmjzihw f ifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEw k x f u G Ef idk o
f nf?
110
(b) The President shall :
(i) direct to resign the Chief Minister or Minister of the Region or
State who cannot discharge his duties efficiently. If he fails to
comply, he shall be terminated from his duties;
(ii) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
concerning the Denfence Services personnel who is Minister of
the Region or State who has to resign or be terminated from his
duties.
(c) If the office of the Chief Minister or Ministers of the Region or State
becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office, death or any
other reason, the President shall have the right to appoint and assign duties
to a new Chief Minister of the Region or State in accord with the provisions
of the Constitution relating to the appointment of the Chief Minister or
Ministers of the Region or State. The term of the newly appointed Chief
Minister or Ministers of the Region or State shall be the same as the
remaining term of the President.
(d) Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Minister and Ministers of the Region
or State shall be prescribed by law.
Advocate-General of the Region or Advocate-General of the State

265. The Advocate-General of the Region or the Advocate-General of the State shall
be called the Advocate-General of the Region or the Advocate-General of the State.
The Appointment of the Advocate-General of the Region or State

266. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall, with the approval of the
Region or State Hluttaw concerned, appoint a person from among the
Region or State Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not the
110
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf –
(1) vkyif ef;wm0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifEidk af om wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D tm; &mxl;rS
Ekwx f u
G &f ef ñTeMf um;Ekid o f nf/ ñTeMf um;onft h wkid ;f vku d ef mjcif;
rjyKvQif wm0efr&S yfp&J rnf?
(2) &mxl ; rS E k w f x G u f & rnf h ok d Y r [k w f wm0ef r S & yf p J c H & rnf h
wyfrawmfom; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;ESifh
ywfoufvQif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh n§dEdIif;
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
(*) &mxl;rSEw k x f u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumihjf zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;&mxl;
ae&mvpfvyfvQif EkdifiHawmfor®wonf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf 0efBuD;rsm; cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;ESifh
pyfvsO;f í zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg oufqidk &f mjy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD
vpfvyfonf&h mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efx
Y m;Ekid o
f nf/ xko d Ykd jznfph uG f
cefx Y m;jcif;cH&onfh yk*K¾d v\ f &mxl;oufwrf;onf Ekid if aH wmfor®w\
use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap&rnf?
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyEf iS fh 0efBu;D rsm;\wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;ESiYf &ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf

265/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\a&SUaecsKyu
f kd wkid ;f a'oBu;D Oya'csKyf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fOya'csKy[ f k ac:a0:&rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;Oya'csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;

266/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf Oya'tBuÓ H Pfrsm;
&,lEidk &f efEiS fh Oya'qkid &f mwm0efrsm;ay;Ekid &f ef vTwaf wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,f
rsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJujzpfap
111
Hluttaw representatives having the following qualifications as the
Advocate General of the Region or State to obtain legal advice and assign
duties on legal matters :
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit, as
the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives , prescribed in Section 120;
(iv) (aa) person who has served as a judicial officer or law officer
for at least five years not lower than that of the Region or
State High Court; or person who has served as a judicial
officer or law officer for at least 10 years not lower than
that of the District Level;
(bb) person who has been an advocate for at least 15 years.
(v) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.
(b) The President, with the approval of the Hluttaw shall appoint a person
from among Hluttaw representatives as the Advocate-General of the Region
or State.
(c) The appointment of a person as the Advocate-General of the Region or
State nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State, to be
appointed as the Advocate-General of the Region or State shall not be
refused by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned unless it can clearly be
111
atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk wl pfO;D OD;tm; wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;Ekdifa&;twGuf
oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfodkY wifjy
oabmwlncD su&f ,lí Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -
jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
rsm;ESiv
(4) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqihx f ufredrahf om
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd odkYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif
tenf;qkH; ig;ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf
c½kid tf qihx f ufredrahf om w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okrYd [kwf
Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUaejzpfvQif tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf trI
vku
d yf gaqmif&u G cf ohJ /l
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf
wm0efay;tyf&ef oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyu f oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zifh wifjyvm
onfh yk*d¾Kvftm; wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftjzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(*) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f wGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESirhf jynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf oufqkdif&m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh
112
proved that the person concerned does not meet the qualifications of the
Advocate-General of the Region or State.
list for the appointment of a person as the Advocate-General of the Region
or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned instead of the one who
has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw.
(e) The Advocate-General of the Region or State is a member of the
Government of the Region or State concerned.
(f) The Advocate-General of the Region or State shall :
(i) be responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the
Region or State concerned;
(ii) be responsible to the relevant Advocate-General of the Union or
the relevant Chief Minister of the Region or State.
Impeachment of the Advocate-General of the Region or State

267. If there is a need to impeach the Advocate-General of the Region or State, the
same procedure for the impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region
or State under Section 263 shall be applied.
Resignation, termination of office, filling vacancy of the Advocate-General of the

Region or State
268. The Advocate-General of the Region or State is, subject to provisions of Sections
262 (n) and 264 prescribed for the relevant Chief Minister or the relevant Ministers of the
Region or State concerning resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy and deeming
the person to have retired in case he is a Civil Services personnel.
112
yk*K¾d vt f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf ceft Y yf
wm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fOya'csKyt f jzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&ef wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh yk*K¾d vtf pm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f vTw G af wmfoYkd
xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyo f nf oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if jzpfonf?
(p) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyo f nf -
(1) oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf w S pfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(2) jynf a xmif p k a &S U aecsKyf t m;vnf ; aumif ; ? ouf q k d i f & m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyftm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;

267/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwif&efupd ö ay:ayguf
vQif wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; pGypf JG
jypfwifjcif;qkid &f m yk'rf 263 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'csKyf\ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS

&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;
268/ &mxl;rSEw k x f u
G jf cif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyfonf&h mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G f
cefxY m;jcif;? Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpfygu tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f jl cif;wkEYd iS phf yfvsO;f í
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf 0efBu;D rsm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
yk'rf 262 (¡)ESiYf 264 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
Oya'csKyEf iS vfh nf; oufqidk af p&rnf/
113
269. Duties, powers and rights of the Advocate-General of the Region or State shall be
prescribed by law.
Auditor-General of the Region or Auditor-General of the State

270. The Auditor-General of the Region or State shall be called the Auditor-General of
the Region or Auditor-General of the State.
Appointment of the Auditor-General of the Region or the Auditor-General of the

State
271. (a) The Chief Minister of the Region or State shall appoint a person from
Hluttaw representatives or from those who are not Hluttaw representatives,
who has the following qualifications, with the approval of the relevant
Region or State Hluttaw as the Auditor-General of the Region or State so
as to audit the Region or State budget and report it:
(ii) person who has qualifications, with the exception of age limit, as
the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives prescribed in Section 120;
(iii) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under
(iv) (aa) person who has served as an auditor of the Region or
State for at least five years not lower than that of the Region
or State Level; or person who has served as an auditor at
least 10 years not lower than that of the District Level; or
Certified Public Accountant for at least 15 years;
(v) person who is loyal to the Union and its citizens .
113
269/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fOya'csKy\f wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;ESihf
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D pm&if;ppfcsKyf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf

270/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f\pm&if;ppfcsKyu f kd wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf [kac:a0:&rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D pm&if;ppfcsKyf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;

271/ (u) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ft&tok;H aiGpm&if;rsm;ukd ppfaq;í
oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjyEkid &f ef
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf vTwfawmf ukd,fpm;
vS,rf sm; xJujzpfap? vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f rl sm;xJujzpfap
atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk w
l pfO;D OD;tm; wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;Ekid af &;twGuf
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfokdY wifjy
oabmwlncD su&f ,lí Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjy&rnf -
jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
rsm;ESivhf nf; Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d ?l
(4) (uu) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppft&m&Sx d uf
redrfhaom&mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l
okrYd [kwf c½kid t f qihpf m&if;ppft&m&Sdxuf redrfhaom
&mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10 ESpf aqmif&u G cf ohJ l okrYd [kwf
( c c ) rSwfykHwifpm&if;ukdif odkYr[kwf vufrSwf&jynfolY
hJ /l
114
(b) The President shall appoint the person submitted by the relevant Chief
Minister of the Region or State with the approval of the Hluttaw concerned
as the Auditor-General of the Region or State.
(c) The person nominated by the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned to be appointed as the Auditor-General of the Region or State
shall not be refused by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned unless it
can clearly be proved that the person concerned is not qualified to be the
Auditor-General of the Region or State.
new list for the appointment of a person as the Auditor-General of the
Region or State to the Region or State Hluttaw concerned instead of the
one who has not been approved by the Region or State Hluttaw.
(e) The Auditor-General of the Region or State shall :
(i) be responsible to the President through the Chief Minister of the
Region or State concerned;
(ii) be responsible to the Auditor-General of the Union and to the
Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.
Impeachment of the Auditor-General of the Region or the Auditor-General of the

State
272. If there is a need to impeach the Auditor-General of the Region or State, the same
procedure for the impeachment of the Chief Minister or any Minister of the Region or
State under Section 263 shall be applied.
114
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf
wm0efay;tyf&ef oufqid k &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrY d [kwf jynfe,f 0efBu;D csKyu f
oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmf\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf wifjyvmonfyh *k K¾d vt f m;
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;&rnf?
(*) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyftwGuf owfrSwfxm;
aom t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhrjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu
oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onfyh *k K¾d vt f m; wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf
tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f jzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmf\ oabmwlncD surf &&So d nhf yk*Kd¾ vtf pm; trnf
pm&if;opfukd oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd
xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(i) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyo f nf -
(1) oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf w S pfqifh
Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm; wm0efc&H rnf?
(2) jynfaxmifpkpm&if;ppfcsKyftm; vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m; vnf;aumif;
wm0efc&H rnf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D pm&if;ppfcsKyf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;

272/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyt f m; pGypf jJG ypfwif&ef udpaö y:ayguf
vQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf 0efBuD;wpfO;D OD;tm;
pGypf jJGypfwifjcif;qdik &f m yk'rf 263 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit
115
Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Auditor-General of
the Region or the Auditor-General of the State
273. The Auditor-General of the Region or State is, subject to provisions of Section
264 prescribed for the Chief Minister or Ministers of the Region or State concerning
resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy and deeming as the person to have
retired in case he is a Civil Services personnel.
274. Duties, powers and rights of the Auditor-General of the Region or State shall be
prescribed by law.
Administrative Body of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone

275. The Administrative Body of Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
shall be called the leading body of the Self-Administered Division or leading body of the
Self-Administered Zone.
Formation of Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division and the Self-

Administered Zone
276. (a) Being Self-Administered Areas, the Self-Administered Division and the
Self-Administered Zones are of equal status.
(b) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division and the Self-
Administered Zone are formed respectively in each and every Self-
Administered Division and the Self-Administered Zone. Such Leading
Bodies exercise legislative power vested under the Schedule Three of the
Constitution.
(c) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered
Zone shall consist of at least 10 members.
115
wkdif;a'oBuD;pm&if;ppfcsKyf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;rS EkwfxGufjcif;?
wm0efrS&yfpJjcif;ESifh vpfvyfonfh&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfhpGufcefYxm;jcif;
273/ &mxl;rSEw k x f u
G jf cif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyfonf&h mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G f
cefx Y m;jcif;? Ekid if 0Hh efxrf;jzpfygu tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f jl cif;wkEYd iS phf yfvsO;f í
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf 0efBu;D rsm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh
yk'rf 264 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;onf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKyEf iS v hf nf;
oufqidk af p&rnf/
274/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fpm&if;ppfcsKy\

f wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ESihf
&ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJUESifh ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU
275/ uk, d yf idk t

f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f okrYd [kwf uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o\ tkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ ukd
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU[k
ac:a0:&rnf/
uk,
d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESifh uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;jcif;
276/ (u) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f ESifh uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'owko Yd nf uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifprk sm;jzpfMuonft h m;avsmpf mG tqift h wef;wlnMD uonf?
( c ) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f ESifh uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'orsm;wGif uk, d yf idk f
tkycf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESihf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;
toD;oD;zGUJ pnf;xm;&So d nf/ ,if;OD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'
Z,m; 3 t& cGaJ 0tyfEiS ;f onfh Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd usio hf ;Hk onf?
( * ) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t
OD;pD;tzGUJ wGif tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& tenf;qk;H 10 OD; yg0ifap&rnf?
116
(d) Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered
Zone shall be formed with the following persons :
(i) Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from townships
in the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
concerned;
(ii) the Defence Services personnel representatives nominated by the
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to assign duties
relating to Security or Border Affairs;
(iii) Additional representatives selected by persons stated in Sub-
Section (d) (i) and (ii).
(e) Members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or the
Self-Administered Zone stated in above Sub-Section (d)(i) and (ii) shall,
after co-ordinating among themselves, select a suitable person as the
Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered
Zone from the Region or State Hluttaw representatives elected from the
townships in the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone.
The name of the person so elected shall be submitted to the President
through the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.
(f) The President shall appoint the person who is nominated as the Chairperson
of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-Administered Zone
concerned.
(g) The Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or the Self-
Administered Zone is the ex-officio Minister in the Region or State
concerned. Except for the method of the appointment of the Minister of
the Region or State, the other provisions of the Constitution shall be applied
to the Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered
Zone.
116
(C) uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
OD;pD;tzGUJ ukd atmufygyk*K¾d vrf sm;jzifh zJUJG pnf;&rnf –
(1) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o
twG i f ; &Sd NrdKUe,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajr§mufxm;aom
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(2) vkNH cKaH &;wm0efjzpfap? e,fpyfa&;&mwm0efjzpfap ay;tyfEidk &f ef
wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f Oya'ESit hf nD trnfpm&if;
wifoiG ;f onfh wyfrawmfom;uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;?
(3) yk'frcGJi,f (1) ESifh (2) yg yk*d¾Kvfrsm;u a&G;cs,fjznfhpGuf
cefx Y m;onfh uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;/
(i) yk'rf cGJ (C) yk'rf cGiJ ,f (1) ESihf (2) yg uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f odrYk [kwf
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif;
n§d EiId ;f vsuf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f okrYd [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh
a'otwGi;f &Sd NrKd Ue,frsm;rS a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;aom vTwaf wmf
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;teuf oifhavsmfolwpfOD;tm; ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyf
cGihf&wkdif; Ouú| okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o Ouú|tjzpf
a&G;cs,&f rnf/ xko d Ydk a&G;cs,o f nfh yk*K¾d v\ f trnfpm&if;ukd oufqidk &f m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyrf w S pfqifh Edik if aH wmfor®wxH
wifjy&rnf?
(p) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf trnfpm&if;wifoGif;vmonfh yk*d¾Kvftm;
oufqidk &f muk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh a'oOuú|tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(q) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;Ouú| odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&
a'oOuú|onf &mxl;tavsmuf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D jzpfonf/ odjYk zpfí zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGiyf g&Sad om
wdik ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D ESihf oufqikd o f nfjh y|mef;csuf
rsm;teuf cefYtyfonfhenf;vrf;rSvGJí usefjy|mef;csufrsm;onf
uk,d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o Ouú|ESihf
oufqidk af p&rnf?
117
(h) The Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered
Zone and members of the Leading Body concerned shall:
(i) except the National races who have already obtained the Self-
Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned
residing in the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered
Zone concerned, if they are National races that are deemed by
the authority concerned to have a population of over 10,000,
from the remaining National races, each representative of the said
National races shall be elected and appointed as a member of the
Leading Body. The elected member of the Leading Body shall
have the prescribed qualifications of Hluttaw representatives of
the Region or State under Section 169;
(ii) if the number of members of the Leading Body of the Self-
Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone is less than 10
members, the required number of members from those residing in
the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
concerned and who have qualifications prescribed for the Region
or State Hluttaw representatives shall be elected and appointed
to fill up 10 members as they desire.
(i) The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services shall assign the duties
to the one-fourth of the total number of members with the Defence Services
personnels in the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or
Self-Administered Zone, as necessary.
(j) The Defence Services personnel, nominated in accord with the law
by the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, to be assigned as
the members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or
117
(Z) oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f Ouú| odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh a'oOuú|ESihf OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf –
(1) oufqidk &f muk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh a'otwGi;f aexkid Mf uonfh oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKyf
cGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o &&SdNyD;aom
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;rSty usefwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;teuf
avsmfuefoihfjrwfaomvlOD;a&jzpfonfh vlOD;a&tenf;qkH;
10000 ESihftxuf&SdaMumif; oufqidk &f mu owfrw S o f nfh
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d rsm;&Sv d Qif ,if;wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d uk, d pf m;vS,f
wpfO;D uspu D dk OD;pD;tzJUG 0iftjzpf a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;&rnf/ ,if;okYd
a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;jcif;cH&aom OD;pD;tzJUG 0ifonf yk'rf 169 yg
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onfh t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
(2) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ wGif tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& 10 OD; rjynfah o;ygu
tzGUJ 0ifO;D a& tenf;qk;H 10 OD; jynfah p&ef vkt d yfonft h zGUJ 0if
OD;a&ukd oufqkdif&m ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf
uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'otwGi;f aexkid o f rl sm;xJrS yk'rf 169yg
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrSwfxm;onhf t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhjynfhpkHaom
oihfavsmfonfh yk*d¾Kvfrsm;tm; rdrdwkdYoabmqE´tavsmuf
a&G;cs,f jznfph u G cf efx Y m;&rnf/
(ps) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf& wkdif;OD;pD;
tzJUG ESihf uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ wkw Yd iG f OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifppk ak ygif;\
av;ykHwpfykHjzpfonfh OD;pD;tzJGU0ifOD;a&ukd wyfrawmfom;rsm;jzifh
vktd yfovkjd znfph u G w f m0efay;Ekid o f nf?
(n) ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tjzpfwm0efay;tyf&ef wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f
Oya'ESifhtnD trnfpm&if;wifoGif;onfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;onf
118
Self-Administered Zone shall have qualifications of the Region or State
(k) (i) The Chairperson of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered
Division or Self-Administered Zone concerned shall declare the
name of the members of the Leading Bodies of the Self-
Administered Division or Self- Administered Zone.
(ii) The Chairperson of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered
Division or Self- Administered Zone shall be responsible to the
Region or State Chief Minister concerned, and to the President
through the Chief Minister concerned.
(iii) Members of Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or
Self-Administered Zone shall be responsible to their Chairperson.
(iv) The term of office, taking action, resignation, termination of duty
and filling the vacancy of the Chairperson of the Leading Bodies
of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
shall be prescribed by law.
(l) Duties, powers and rights of the Chairperson and members of the Leading
Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
shall be perscribed by law.
Executive Powers of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or

Self-Administered Zone
277. Subject to provisions of the Constitution, the Self- executive power of the Leading
Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone extend to the following
matters :
(a) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-
Administered Zone has power to make law under Schedule Three;
(b) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-
Administered Zone has power to implement in accord with any law
enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
118
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;\
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
(#) (1) oufqidk &f m uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ Ouú| odrYk [kwf
uk,d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ Ouú|onf uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKyf
cGi&fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd aMunm&rnf?
(2) uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
OD;pD; tzGJUOuú|onf oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyt f m;vnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&m0efBuD;csKyfrS
wpfqifh Ekid if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf ,if;wk\ Yd Ouú|tm; wm0efc&H rnf?
OD;pD;tzGJUOuú|ESihf tzGJU0ifwkdYESifhywfoufí &mxl;oufwrf;
owfrSwfjcif;? ta&;,ljcif;? &mxl;rSEkwfxGufjcif;? wm0efrS
&yfpjJ cif;? vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mrsm;wGif jznfph u G cf efxY m;jcif;wkYd
twGuf Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S af y;&rnf/
(X) uk,d yf idk tf yk cf sKycf iG &fh wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'o Ouú|ESifh
OD;pD;tzJUG 0ifw\ Ydk wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rfh sm;ESihf &ykid cf iG rfh sm;ukd Oya'
jy|mef;owfrw S af y;&rnf/
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif;OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU

rsm;\ tkyfcsKyfrItcGihftmPm
277/ zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESirhf qefu Y siv f Qif ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'oOD;pD;tzGJU\ udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfrI
tmPmonf atmufygudp&ö yfrsm;odYk oufa&mufysUH ESo YH nf –
(u) Z,m; 3 yg udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf udk,fydkif
tkycf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ u Oya'jyKciG &hf o dS nfh udp&ö yfrsm;?
(c) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfujy|mef;onfh Oya'wpf&yf&yft& udk,fydkif
tkycf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD; tzGUJ tm;
aqmif&u G cf iG jhf yKonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;?
119
(c) on which the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-
Administered Zone has power to implement in accord with any law enacted
by the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
278. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone
shall be responsible to assist the Union Government in preserving stability of the Union,
community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of law and order.
279. The Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self- Administered
Zone shall :
(a) subject to the policies of the Union Government draw work programmes
for the development of their territory and shall co-ordinate with the Region
or State Government concerned;
(b) draw annual budgets and co-ordinate for approval with the Region or
State Government concerned in accord with the provisions of the
Constitutions;
(c) have the right to expend the allotted fund included in the Budget Law of
the Region or State Government concerned in accord with the rules;
(d) have the right to expend within the permitted framework to the general
expenditure included in the last-enacted Budget Law of the Region or
State Hluttaw if the Region or State Hluttaw is unable to pass the Region
or State Budget Bill submitted by the Region or State Government.

119
(*) oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu jy|mef;onfh
Oya'wpf&yf&yft& udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;OD;pD;tzGJU odkYr[kwf
ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ tm; aqmif&u
G cf iG jhf yKonfu
h pd &ö yfrsm;/
278/ ud, k yf ikd t

f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;
tzGUJ onf jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u Edik if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? &yf&mG at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;udk xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smuf&mwGif uln&D efwm0ef&o dS nf/
279/ ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
tzGUJ onf -
(u) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &\ rl0g'rsm;ESirhf qefu Y siaf pbJ rdred ,fajra'otwGi;f
bufpzkH UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;twGuf taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef
vkyif ef;tpDtpOfrsm;udak &;qGv J suf oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftpd;k &ESihf n§Ed iId ;f xm;&S&d rnf?
( c ) ESpfpOft&toHk; cefYrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udka&;qGJvsuf zGJUpnf;yHktajccH
Oya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,f tpd;k &ESin hf Ed§ iId ;f í oabmwlncD su&f ,l&rnf?
( * ) oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\b@maiG t&toH;k
qdik &f mOya'yg rdrEd iS o hf ufqikd o f nfch iG jhfyKb@maiGukd owfrw S x
f m;onfh
b@ma&;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD oH;k pGcJ iG &hf odS nf?
(C) b@ma&;ESprf ukeq f ;kH rD oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
vTwaf wmfu b@maiGt&toH;k qdik &f mOya'udk jy|mef;jcif;rjyKEikd o f jzifh
oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftpdk;&xHrS b@maiG
t&toH;k qdik &f mcGijhf yKcsuu f kd tcsed rf Dr&&Syd gu wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu aemufq;kH jy|mef;xm;onfh b@maiG t&toH;k
qdik &f m Oya'ygcGijhf yKxm;onfh omreftoH;k p&dwaf bmiftwGi;f oH;k pGcJ iG hf
&So
d nf/
120
may, in accord with the law, supervise, co-operate and co-ordinate the functions of the
Civil Services organizations which are performing the duties within their territory.

shall submit reports of the general situations of their territory to the Union Government and
the Region or State Government concerned.
shall perform the functions which are occasionally assigned by the Union Government and
the Region or State Government concerned.
Office of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-

Administered Zone
283. The Head of General Administration Department of the Leading Bodies of the
Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone shall serve as the Secretary of the
Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone. Moreover,
the General Administration Department of the Self-Administered Division or Self-
Administered Zone is also the Office of the Leading Bodies of the Self-Administered
Division or Self-Administered Zone.
Administration of Nay Pyi Taw , the Union Territory

284. (a) Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory, shall consist of all districts and
townships that are Nay Pyi Taw development territory, on the day the
Constitution come into operation.
(b) The President may change, if necessary, the demarcation of districts and
townships in Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory.
120
280/ ud, k yf ikd t
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ onf
rdred ,fajra'otwGi;f wm0efxrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om e,fbuf0efxrf;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;\
vkyif ef;aqmif&u G rf rI sm;udk Oya'ESit hf nD Bu;D Muyfjcif;? aygif;pyf n§Ed iId ;f jcif;jyKEikd o f nf/
281/ ud, k yf ikd t

k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ onf
rdred ,fajra'o\ tajctaet&yf&yfEiS phf yfvsO;f onfh tpD&ifcpH mudk jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESihf
oufqikd &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &xHoYkd wifjy&rnf/
282/ ud, k yf ikd t

k yf ikd t
tzGUJ onf jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &u tcgtm;avsmpf mG
ay;tyfvmonfv h yk if ef;wm0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmif&rnf/
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'oOD;pD;tzJGU½kH;

283/ oufqdkif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o
taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;OD;pD;XmetBu;D trSL;onf &mxl;tavsmuf uk, d yf idk t
wkid ;f odrYk [kwf uk,d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh a'oOD;pD;tzJUG \twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&u G &f rnf/
xkdYjyif ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o taxGaxG
tkyfcsKyfa&;OD;pD;Xmeonf oufqkdif&mukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wkdif; odkYr[kwf ukd,fykdif
tkycf sKycf iG &fh a'o OD;pD;tzJUG ½k;H vnf; jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpke,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftkyfcsKyfa&;
284/ (u) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmfwiG f zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'
tmPmoufa&mufonfhaeYü wnf&Sdaeaom aejynfawmfpnfyif
om,ma&;e,ferd w d t f wGi;f &Sd c½kid Ef iS Nhf rKd Ue,frsm; tm;vH;k yg0ifonf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmftwGi;f &Sd
c½kid Ef iS Nhf rKd Ue,frsm;ukd vkt
d yfovkd jyifqifowfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf/
121
Formation of the Nay Pyi Taw Council
285. (a) The Chairperson and members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall have the
following qualifications :
(i) person who has attained the age of 35 years ;
in Section 120;
(iii) persons whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under
(iv) who have other qualifications prescribed by the President.
(b) The President :
(i) shall form a Nay Pyi Taw Council;
(ii) shall appoint persons who have the prescribed qualifications as
Chairperson and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council;
(iii) shall obtain the nomination of suitable Defence Services personnel
who have prescribed qualifications for appointment as Council
member or members from the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services for co-ordination of Security matters of
Nay Pyi Taw which is the Union Territory;
(iv) may prescribe the number of members, including the Chairperson,
to serve in Nay Pyi Taw Council in accord with the law as
necessary.
(c) The Chairperson of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be responsible to the
President and the members shall be responsible to the Chairperson of the
Nay Pyi Taw Council and the President through the Chairperson of the
Nay Pyi Taw Council.
121
aejynfawmfaumifpD zGJUpnf;jcif;
285/ (u) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &kH rnf –
jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x f m;aom
(3) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl wT af wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f
(4) Edik if aH wmfor®wu owfrw S af om tjcm;t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
vnf; jynfph o kH /l
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(1) aejynfawmfaumifpw D pf&yfudk zJUG pnf;xm;&S&d rnf?
(2) yk'rf cGJ (u) wGif azmfjyowfrw S x
f m;aom t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
jynfph o
kH nfyh *k K¾ v d rf sm;ukd aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D if
rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf?
(3) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrjzpfonfh aejynfawmf\ vHNk cKH a&;qkid &f m
udp&ö yfrsm;ukd nd§EIdif;aygif;pyfay;Edkifa&;twGuf aumifpD0if
okrYd [kwf aumifp0D ifrsm;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfEikd &f ef wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S owfrw S tf &nftcsi;f ESihf jynfph o Hk nhf
oihaf vsmaf om wyfrawmfom; okrYd [kwf wyfrawmfom;rsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd &,l&rnf?
(4) aejynfawmfaumifpDwGif Ouú|tygt0if tzJGU0ifOD;a&ukd
Oya'ESit hf nD vkt d yfovko d wfrw S Ef ikd o f nf/
( * ) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|onf Edik if aH wmfor®wtm; vnf;aumif;?
aumifp0D ifrsm;onf aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aejynfawmfaumifpD
Ouú|rSwpfqifh Edik if aH wmfor®wtm;vnf;aumif; wm0efc&H rnf?
122
(d) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a
representative of a Hluttaw, it shall be deemed that he has resigned from
the day he is appointed as Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw
Council.
(e) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a Civil
Services personnel, it shall be deemed that he has retired according to the
existing Civil Services rules and regulations from the day he is appointed
as the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council.
(f) The Defence Services personnel who are appointed as a member or
members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council, to co-ordinate Security Affairs,
are not required to retire or resign from the Defence Services.
(g) If the Chairperson or a member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council is a member
of any political party, he shall not take part in its party activities during the
term from the day he is appointed as the Chairperson or a member of the
Nay Pyi Taw Council.
Resignation, termination of office, filling the vacancy of the Chairperson and

members of the Nay Pyi Taw Council
286. (a) (i) The term of the Chairperson and members of the Nay Pyi Taw
Council is the same as that of the President.
(ii) The Chairperson and any member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council
may resign from office on his own volition due to a certain reason
before expiry of the term of office, after submitting his written
resignation to the President.
122
(C) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;onf vTwfawmf
wpf&yf&yf\ uk, d pf m;vS,jf zpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf
aumifpD0iftjzpf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfhaeYrSpí vTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f u
G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw,
f &l rnf?
(i) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifrsm;onf Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif
aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf aumifp0D iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0ef
ay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD
Edik if 0hH efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D okrYd [kwf Ekwx f u
G Nf y;D jzpfonf[k
rSw, f &l rnf?
(p) aejynfawmf\ vHNk cKH a&;qkid &f mudp&ö yfrsm;ukd aygif;pyfnE§d idI ;f ay;Edik af &;
twGuf cefYtyfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh wyfrawmfom;aejynfawmf
aumifp0D if okrYd [kwf aumifp0D ifrsm;onf wyfrawmfrSEkwfxGuf&ef
okrYd [kwf tNird ;f pm;,l&efrvk?d
(q) aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwf aumifpD0ifwpfOD;OD;onf
EdkifiHa&;ygwDwpfckck\ tzJGU0ifjzpfvQif aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|
okrYd [kwf aumifp0D iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í
rdr&d mxl;oufwrf;twGi;f ,if;ygwDtzJUG tpnf;\ ygwDvyk if ef;rsm;wGif
aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú|ESifh aumifpD0ifrsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;? &mxl;rSEkEw k x

f u
G f
jcif;? wm0efr&S yfpjJ cif;ESihf vpfvyf&mxl;ae&mwGif jznfph u G cf efx
Y m; jcif;
m;jcif
286/ (u) (1) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifw\ Ydk &mxl;oufwrf;
onf omreftm;jzifh Edik if aH wmfor®w\ &mxl;oufwrf; twkid ;f
jzpfonf?
(2) aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|ESihf aumifp0D ifwpfO;D OD;onf &mxl;
oufwrf;rukeq f ;kH rD taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´
tavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k x
f uG v
f kdvQif xdkokdYEkwfxGufvkdaMumif;
Edik if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzifw h ifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEwk x f u
G Ef ikd o
f nf?
123
(iii) The President may :
(aa) direct the Chairperson and any member of the Nay Pyi
Taw Council to resign if he cannot discharge his duties
efficiently. If he fails to comply, he shall be terminated
from his office;
(bb) co-ordinate with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services concerning with the Defence Services personnel
who is the member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council and has
to resign or be terminated from office.
(iv) If the office of the Chairperson or member of the Nay Pyi Taw
Council becomes vacant due to resignation, removal from office,
death or any other reason, the President shall have the right to
appoint and assign duties to a new Chairperson or member of the
Nay Pyi Taw Council in accord with the provisions of the
Constitution. The term of the newly appointed Chairperson or
member of the Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be the same as that of
the remaining term of the President .
(b) The formation of Nay Pyi Taw Council, duties, powers and rights of the
Chairperson and members of Nay Pyi Taw Council shall be prescribed
by law.
Office of Nay Pyi Taw Council

287. The Head of General Administration Department of Nay Pyi Taw is ex-officio
the secretary of the Nay Pyi Taw Council. General Administration Department of
Nay Pyi Taw is the office of the Nay Pyi Taw Council.
Administration of district and township

288. Administration of district and township level shall be assigned to the Civil Services
personnel.
123
(3) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf -
(uu) ay;tyfonfw h m0efudk ausyeG pf mG rxrf;aqmifEikd af om
aejynfawmfaumifpDOuú| okdYr[kwf aumifpD0if
wpfOD;OD;tm; &mxl;rSEw k xf u
G &f ef ñTeMf um;Edik of nf/
ñTeMf um;onhftwdkif; vdkufemjcif;rjyKvQif wm0efrS
&yfp&J rnf?
( c c ) &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnfh okdYr[kwf wm0efrS&yfpJcH&rnhf
wyfrawmfom;aejynfawmfaumifp0D ifEiS hf ywfoufvQif
wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfESifh nd§EIdif;aqmif&Guf
&rnf/
(4) &mxl;rSEw k xf u G jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifh
jzpfap? uG,v f eG jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? tjcm;taMumif; wpfcck k
aMumifjh zpfap aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú| okrYd [kwf aumifp0D if
&mxl;ae&mvpfvyfygu Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|topf
okrYd [kwf aumifpD0iftopftm; cefYtyfwm0efay;Edkifonf/
xko d Ydk ceftY yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aejynfawmfaumifpOD uú|
topf okrYd [kwf aumifp0D iftopf\ &mxl;oufwrf;onf
Edik if aH wmfor®w\ use&f o dS nf&h mxl;oufwrf;twGuo f m jzpfap
&rnf/
(c) aejynfawmfaumifpD zJUG pnf;jcif;? Ouú|ESiahf umifp0D ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;ESihf &ykid cf iG rhf sm;ukd Oya'jy|mef;owfrw S &f rnf/
aejynfawmfaumifpD½Hk;
287/ aejynfawmftaxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;OD;pD;Xme\tBu;D trSL;onf &mxl;tavsmuf
aejynfawmfaumifpt
D wGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfonf/ aejynfawmftaxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;OD;pD;
Xmeonf aejynfawmfaumifp½D ;kH jzpfonf/
c½dkifESihf NrdKUe,fftkyfcsKyfa&;
288/ c½dik t f qihEf iS fh NrKd Ue,ftqihw
f \
Ykd tkycf sKyaf &;udk Edik if 0hH efxrf;rsm;tm; wm0efay;
aqmif&u G af p&rnf/
124
Administration of ward and village-tract
289. Administration of ward or village-tract shall be assigned in accord with the law to
a person whose integrity is respected by the community.
Civil Services Personnel
290. Matters relating to the appointment, promotion, retirement, enforcement of rules

and regulations and taking action on the Civil services personnel shall be exercised in
291. With respect to the Defence Services personnel who are also Civil Services
personnel whose nature of work, is of special significant, they shall be given by the relevant
Military laws.
292. With respect to members of Myanmar Police Force who are also Civil Services
personnel whose nature of work, is of special significant, they shall be given by the specified
law which shall be enacted.
124
&yfuGuf odkYr[kwf aus;&Gmtkyfpk tkyfcsKyfa&;
289/ &yfuu G f odrYk [kwf aus;&Gmtkypf \ k tkycf sKyaf &;udk &yf&mG uMunfñakd v;pm;Ny;D
odum© orm"d&odS nhf yk*Kd¾vw
f pfO;D OD;udk Oya'ESit
fh nD ceft Y yfwm0efay;aqmif&uG af p&rnf/
EkdifiHh0efxrf;
290/ EdkifiHh0efxrf;rsm; cefYxm;jcif;? &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;? tNidrf;pm;,ljcif;? pnf;urf;

xdef;odrf;jcif;? trIxrf;pnf;urf;owfrSwfjcif;ESifh ta&;,ljcif;rsm;udk Oya'ESifhtnD
aqmif&u G &f rnf/
291/ Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfonfh wyfrawmfom;rsm;\ vkyif ef;obm0onf xl;jcm;rI&o

Sd nfh
tavsmuf wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf wyfrawmfqidk &f mOya'rsm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G f
&rnf/
292/ Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfonfh jrefrmEdik if &H w

J yfzUJG 0ifrsm;\ xl;jcm;onfv
h yk if ef;obm0t&
,if;wdEYk iS yhf wfoufí oD;jcm;Oya' jy|mef;aqmif&u G &f rnf/
Chapter VI
Judiciary
tcef; (6)
w&m;pD&ifa&;
Chapter VI
Judiciary
Formation of Courts
293. Courts of the Union are formed as follows :
(a) Supreme Court of the Union, High Courts of the Region, High Courts of
the State, Courts of the Self-Administered Division, Courts of the Self-
Administered Zone, District Courts, Township Courts and the other Courts
constituted by law;
(b) Courts-Martial;
(c) Constitutional Tribunal of the Union.
Supreme Court of the Union
Constitution of the Supreme Court of the Union
294. In the Union, there shall be a Supreme Court of the Union. Without affecting the
powers of the Constitutional Tribunal and the Courts-Martial, the Superme Court of the
Union is the highest Court of the Union.
Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the Union
295. (a) Only the Supreme Court of the Union has the following original jurisdiction :
(i) in matters arising out of bilateral treaties concluded by the Union;

(ii) in other disputes, except the Constitutional problems, between the Union
Government and the Region or State Governments;
tcef;(6)
w&m;pD&ifa&;
w&m;½kH;rsm;zGJUpnf;jcif;
293/ Ekid if aH wmf\ w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m½k;H rsm;ukd atmufygtwdik ;f zGUJ pnf;onf
(u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf? wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm;?
jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; w&m;½kH;rsm;?
ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'ow&m;½kH;rsm;? c½kdifw&m;½kH;rsm;? NrdKUe,f
w&m;½k;H rsm;ESihf Oya't&wnfaxmifaom tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;?
( c ) ppfbufqidk &f mw&m;½k;H rsm;?
( * ) Ekid if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yktH ajccHOya'qkid &f mck½H ;Hk /
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfzGJUpnf;jcif;
294/ Ekid if aH wmfwiG f jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw f pf&yf xm;&So d nf/ ppfbuf
qkdif&mw&m;½kH;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qkdif&mckH½kH;\ pD&ifykdifcGifh
tmPmrsm;ukdrxdckdufapbJ jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf EkdifiHawmf\
tjrifqh ;Hk w&m;½k;H jzpfonf/
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf\ rlvpD&ifykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;
295/ (u) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfüom atmufygudpö&yfrsm;twGuf
rlvrIp&D ifyikd cf iG t
hf mPmrsm;&So d nf
(1) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfu csKyfqdkaom jynfaxmiftcsif;csif;
qdik &f m pmcsKyrf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f íS ay:aygufvmaomudp&ö yfrsm;?
(2) jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpk;d &
wdt
Yk Mum; jzpfymG ;onfh zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m jyóemrsm;
rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?
126
(iii) in other disputes, except the Constitutional problems, among the
Regions, among the States, between the Region and the State and
between the Union Territory and the Region or the State;
(iv) other matters as prescribed by any law.
(b) As the Supreme Court of the Union is the highest court of the Union, it is the
court of final appeal.
(c) The judgments of the Supreme Court of the Union are final and conclusive
and have no right of appeal.
(d) The Supreme Court of the Union, subject to any provision of the Constitution
or any provision of other law, has the appellate jurisdiction to decide judgments
passed by the High Courts of the Regions or the States. Moreover, the
Supreme Court of the Union also has the appellate jurisdiction to decide
judgments passed by the other courts in accord with the law.
(e) The Supreme Court of the Union has the revisional jurisdiction in accord
with the law.
296. The Supreme Court of the Union :

(a) has the power to issue the following writs :
(i) Writ of Habeas Corpus;
(ii) Writ of Mandamus;
(iii) Writ of Prohibition;
(iv) Writ of Quo Warranto;
(v) Writ of Certiorari.
(b) The applications to issue writs shall be suspended in the areas where the
state of emergency is declared.
126
(3) wdik ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D ESihf
jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f ? jynfaxmifpek ,fajrESihf wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,ftcsif;csif;wdkYtMum; jzpfyGm;onfh zGJUpnf;ykHtajccH
Oya'qdik &f m jyóemrsm;rSty tjcm;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;?
(4) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrw S x
f m;aom tjcm;udp&ö yfrsm;/
(c) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf Edik if aH wmf\ tjrifq h ;Hk w&m;½k;H
jzpfonft h m;avsmpf mG aemufq;Hk tNy;D tjywf t,lc0H if&m w&m;½k;H jzpf
onf?
(*) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy\ f pD&ifcsurf sm;onf trItm;vk;H wGif
tNy;D tjywfjzpfí t,lc0H ifciG rhf &Sad p&?
(C) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;
csuw f pf&yf&yfujkd zpfap? tjcm;Oya'ygjy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfujkd zpfap
rqefu Y siaf pbJ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf\
pD&ifcsurf sm;udk qk;H jzwfEikd af om t,lcrH pI &D ifyikd cf iG thf mPm&So d nf/ xkt Yd jyif
tjcm;w&m;½k;H rsm;ucsrw S af om pD&ifcsurf sm;udv k nf; Oya'ESit hf nD
ppfaq;qk;H jzwfEidk af om t,lcrH pI &D ifyikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nf?
(i) jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf Oya'ESifhtnD jyifqifrIpD&if
ydik cf iG thf mPm&So d nf/
296/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo

f nf
(u) atmufygpmcReaf wmftrderYf sm;udk xkwyf ikd cf iG t
hf mPm&So
d nf
(1) a&SUawmfoiG ;f pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(2) tmPmay;pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(3) wm;jrpfappmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(4) tmPmydik af r;pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(5) trIac:pmcReaf wmftrde/Yf
( c ) Edik if aH wmftwGi;f ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ay:aygufaMumif; aMunm
onfah 'owGif pmcReaf wmftrdeYf xkwq f ifah y;&ef avQmufxm;csurf sm;
udk &yfqikd ;f xm;&rnf/
127
Judiciary Budget
297. The Supreme Court of the Union shall submit judiciary budget to the Union
Government in order to include and present in the Annual Budget Bill of the Union in
accord with the provisions of the Constitution.
Submission of the Judiciary Situation

298. The Chief Justice of the Union may submit important judiciary situation concerning
the Union or the public, either to the session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw or the Pyithu
Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw from time to time.
Appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union and the Judges of the Supreme
Court of the Union
299. (a) The Head of the Supreme Court of the Union shall be called the Chief Justice
of the Union.
(b) Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union including the Chief Justice of the
Union may be appointed in the Supreme Court from a minimum of seven
and a maximum of 11 in number.
(c) (i) The President shall submit the nomination of the person suitable to be
appointed as the Chief Justice of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
and seek its approval.
(ii) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have no right to refuse the person
nominated by the President for the appointment of Chief Justice of the
Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union unless it can
clearly be proved that the persons do not meet the qualifications for
the post prescribed in Section 301.
127
w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m b@maiGt&tokH;pm&if;
297/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyfonf w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m b@maiGt&
tok;H pm&if;rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD jynfaxmifp\ k
ESppf Ofb@maiGt&tok;H qdik &f m Oya'Murf;wGif xnfo h iG ;f wifjyEkid &f ef jynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &xH wifjy&rnf/
w&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m tajctaewifjyjcif;
298/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyof nf jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmftpnf;ta0;wGif jzpfap?
jynfov Yl w
T af wmf odrYk [kwf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmftpnf;ta0;wGijf zpfap Edik if aH wmf
odkYr[kwf trsm;jynfolwdkYESifhoufqdkifonfh ta&;BuD;aomw&m;pD&ifa&;qdkif&m
tajctaeudk tcgtm;avsmpf mG wifjyEdik o f nf/
jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESihf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vGTwfawmfcsKyfw&m;olBuD;rsm;
ceft
fY yf wm0efay;jcif;
299/ (u) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy\ f tBu;D trSL;ukd jynfaxmifpw k &m;
olBu;D csKy[f k ac:&rnf?
( c ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyw f iG f jynfaxmifpwk &m;olBu;D csKyf tyg
t0if jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;OD;a&tenf;qk;H
ckepfO;D rS trsm;qk;H 11 OD;txd ceft Y yfEidk o
f nf?
( * ) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyt
f jzpf ceft
Y yf
oifah om yk*K¾d v\ f trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfoYdk
wifoiG ;f oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(2) yk'rf 301 wGif owfrw S x
f m;aom jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
ESifh jynfaxmifpk w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\
t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu
jynfaxmifpk vTwaf wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;wifoGif;olukd
jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&?
128
(iii) The President has the right to submit again the list furnished with a new
name replacing the one who has not been approved by the Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union.
(iv) The President shall appoint the person who has been approved by the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the Union.
(d) (i) The President, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union,
shall submit the nomination of the persons suitable to be appointed as
the Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
and seek its approval.
(ii) The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has no right to refuse the persons nominated
by the President for the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Union
and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union unless it can clearly be
proved the persons concerned do not possess the qualifications
prescribed for Judges of Supreme Court of the Union. in Section 301.
(iii) The President has the right to submit again the list furnished with a new
name replacing the one who has not been approved by Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw for the appointment of a Judge of the Supreme Court of the
Union.
(iv) The President shall appoint the persons approved by Pyidaungsu
Hluttaw as Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union.
300. (a) The Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union
must be free from party politics.
128
(3) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf
ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\oabmwlncD suf
r&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftpm; trnfpm&if;opfukd jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&hf odS nf?
(4) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlnD
csuf&&Sdonfh yk*d¾Kvftm; jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpf
ceft Y yf&rnf/
(C) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh n§Ed iId ;f
um jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf
ceft Y yfoifah om yk*K¾d vrf sm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmfoYdk wifoiG ;f oabmwlncD suf &,l&rnf?
(2) yk'rf 301 wGif owfrw S x
f m;aom jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
ESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf rjynfph aHk Mumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkid yf gu
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpfceft Y yf&ef trnf
pm&if;wifoiG ;f olrsm;ukd jiif;y,fciG rfh &Sad p&?
(3) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTw G af wmfcsKyf w&m;
olBu;D tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\
oabmwlncD surf &&So d nfh yk*K¾d vt f pm; trnfpm&if;opfudk
jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfoYdk xyfrw H ifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf?
(4) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf\ oabmwlnD
csu&f &So d nfh yk*K¾d vrf sm;tm; jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf&rnf/
300/ (u) jynfaxmifpwk &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf ygwDEidk if aH &;ESihf uif;&Si;f &rnf?
129
(b) The Chief Justice of the Union or Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union,
if they are Civil Services personnel, shall be deemed to have retired in accord
with the existing Civil Services Regulations commencing from the day of the
appointment as the Chief Justice of the Union or Judge of the Supreme
Court of the Union.
Qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court
of the Union
301. The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union shall
be a person of following qualifications :
(a) not younger than 50 years and not older than 70 years;
(b) who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed in
Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(c) whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under the Section 121
which disqualify him from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives;
(d) (i) who has served as a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State for
at least five years; or
(ii) who has served as a Judicial Officer or a Law Officer at least 10 years
not lower than that of the Region or State level; or
(iii) who has practised as an Advocate for at least 20 years; or
(iv) who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist;
129
(c) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpwk &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf Ekid if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpwk &m;olBu;D csKyf
okrYd [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D tjzpf ceft
Y yf
wm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
ESit hf nD tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw,f &l rnf/
jynfaxmifpwk &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw k &m;vGw T af wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\

t&nftcsif;rsm;
301/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
rsm;onf atmufygt&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf
(u) touf 50 ESpx f ufri,f? touf 70 ESpx f ufrBu;D ol?
( c ) toufuefYowfcsufrSty yk'fr 120 wGifazmfjyxm;onfh jynfolY
vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;twGuf owfrSwfxm;aomt&nftcsif;
rsm;ESihf jynfph o Hk ?l
( * ) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm; tjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;
Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d ?l
(C) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D
tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(2) wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f t qif h x uf r ed r f h a om
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okrYd [kwf Oya't&m&S&d mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10
ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
(3) w&m;vTwaf wmfaf &SUaetjzpf tenf;qk;H 20 ESpf trIvu dk yf g
aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(4) xifay:ausmMf um;onfh *kPo f wif;&Sad om Oya'ynm&Sit f jzpf
Ekid if aH wmfor®wu ,lqol/
130
(e) loyal to the Union and its citizens;
(f) who is not a member of a political party;
(g) who is not a Hluttaw representative.
Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court
of the Union
302. (a) The President or the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw or Amyotha Hluttaw
may impeach the Chief Justice of the Union or any Judge of the Supreme
Court of the Union for any of the following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(iii) misconduct;
(iv) disqualifications of the qualifications of the Chief Justice of the Union
and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union prescribed under Section
310;
(b) If the President wishes to impeach :
(i) he shall submit the charge to the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(ii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall form an investigation body
and cause the charge to be investigated in accord with the law;
(iii) in forming the investigation body, an equal number of representatives
of the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw shall be included and any
suitable member of the body be assigned as the Chairperson of such
body;
(iv) the time for the completion of the investigation shall be determined on
the volume of work;
130
(i) Ekid if aH wmfEiS Ehf idk if o
H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So
d ?l
(p) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
(q) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f /l
jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;
rsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;
302/ (u) EkdifiHawmfor®w odYkr[kwf jynfolYvTwfawmf odkYr[kwf trsKd;om;
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tm; atmufyg
taMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jGJ ypfwifEidk o f nf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfuadk zmufzsujf cif;?
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) yk'rf 301 wGif jy|mef;xm;aom jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf
ESihf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\ t&nf
tcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
( c ) Ekid if aH wmfor®wu pGypf jJG ypfwif&efvt dk yfygu-
(1) rdr\ d pGypf cJG suu f kd jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uxHwifjy&rnf?
(2) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uonf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ udk
zGUJ pnf;í Oya'ESit hf nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf?
(3) pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUukd zGJUpnf;&mwGif jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh
trsKd;om;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fOD;a& wlnDpGmyg0ifapNyD;
,if;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;xJrS oifah vsmo f wl pfO;D OD;ukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?
(4) pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh vkyif ef;yrmPukd axmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rI
Ny;D pD;&rnfh tcsed u f mvukv d nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
131
(v) the President may, himself in person or through a representative, explain
and present the charge before the investigation body and has also the
right to submit evidence and witnesses;
(vi) when the charge is being investigated, the person being charged shall
be given the right to defend himself in person or through a representative;
(vii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall, on being submitted the
findings of the investigation concerning the impeachment by the
investigation body, present it to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(viii) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall, if the resolution is passed
that the charge has been substantiated and the alleged person is unfit to
continue to serve as the Chief Justice of the Union or a Judge of the
Supreme Court of the Union by the two-thirds of the total number of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives, present and report the said
resolution to the President;
(ix) on presentation of the report, the President shall, proceed to remove
the Chief Justice of the Union or the Judge of the Supreme Court of
the Union who has been impeached from office;
(x) if the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw resolves that the charges has failed, the
Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall present and report the said
resolution to the President;
(c) if the representatives of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw wish to
impeach :
(i) the provisions for the impeachment of the President or the Vice-
President under Section 71 shall be applied;
131
(5) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufESifh pyfvsOf;í rdrd
uk, d w f ikd af omfvnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,af pvTwí f aomfvnf;
aumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ a&SUarSmufwiG f &Si;f vif;wifjy
Ekdifonf/ oufqk dif&mtaxmuftxm;rsm;ESifh oufao
rsm;ukv d nf; wifjyEkid cf iG &hf o dS nf?
( 6 ) pGypf cJG suu f dk pkpH rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&oltm;
uk, d w f idk af omfvnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zifah omfvnf;aumif;
acsycGiahf y;&rnf?
( 7 ) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIESifhpyfvsOf;í pkHprf;ppfaq;a&;tzGJUu pkHprf;
awGU&Sdcsufudk wifjyvmonfhtcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
em,uonf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfoYdk wifjy&rnf?
( 8 ) jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\ ok;H ykEH pS yf Hk
u pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rSeu f efípGypf cJG &H olonf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBuD;csKyf okYdr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvufxrf;&Guaf p&ef roifah Mumif;
qk;H jzwfvQif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfem,uonf xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuf
ukd Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
( 9 ) ,if;okYd wifjytpD&ifco H nft h cg Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf JG
jypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;ukd &mxl;rS
&yfp&J rnf?
(10) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu
qkH;jzwfvQif xkdodkYqkH;jzwfaMumif;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
em,uonf Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
(*) jynfov Yl w T af wmf odrYk [kwf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u
pGypf jJG ypfwif&ef vdt k yfygu -
(1) Ekid if aH wmfor®w okrYd [kwf 'kw, d or®wukd pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESihf
pyfvsO;f í yk'rf 71 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf?
132
(ii) the President shall, if the Hluttaw which made the investigation resolves
and reports that the charge made upon the Chief Justice of the Union
or any Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union has been substantiated
and the person being charged is unfit to continue to serve as the Chief
Justice of the Union or Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union,
proceed to remove the Chief Justice of the Union or the Judge of the
Supreme Court of the Union who has been impeached from office;
(iii) if the Hluttaw which made the investigation resolves that the charge
has been failed, the Chairperson of the Hluttaw concerned shall present
and report the resolution to the President.
Term of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the
Union
303. The Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the Supreme Court of the Union
shall hold office up to the age of 70 years unless one of the following occurs :
(a) resignation on his own volition;
(b) being impeached in accord with the provisions under the Constitution and
removed from office;
(c) being found to be unable to continue to serve due to permanent disability
caused by either physical or mental defect according to the findings of the
medical board formed by law;
(d) death.
304. Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Justice of the Union and Judges of the
Supreme Court of the Union shall be prescribed by law.
132
(2) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkw&m;
vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;tay: pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf
rSeu
f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf
jynfaxmifpkw&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;&mxl;wGif
qufvufxrf;&Gufap&efroifhaMumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;onfh
vTwaf wmfu qk;H jzwfwifjyvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf JG
jypfwifjcif;cH&onfh jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf okdYr[kwf
jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D tm; &mxl;rS&yfpJ
&rnf?
(3) pGyfpGJjypfwifrIonf rrSefuefaMumif; pkHprf;ppfaq;onfh
vTwaf wmfu qk;H jzwfygu xko d q
Ydk ;Hk jzwfaMumif; oufqidk &f m
vTwaf wmfOuú|onf Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf/
jynfaxmifpw
k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D rsm;\
&mxl;oufwrf;
303/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS fh jynfaxmifpw

k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D
rsm;onf atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yf ray:aygufvQif touf 70 ESpf jynfo h nf
txd wm0efxrf;aqmifciG &hf o dS nf
(u) rdro d abmtavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k x
f u
G jf cif;?
( c ) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit fh nD pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&í
&mxl;rS &yfpcJ &H jcif;?
( * ) Oya't& owfrw S af omaq;tzGUJ \ ppfaq;csut f & ud, k pf w
d Ef pS yf g;
teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsKdU,Gif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efukd
qufvufxrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad Mumif; awGU&S&d jcif;?
(C) uG,v f eG jf cif;/
304/ jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D

rsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf idk cf iG rhf sm;? &ykid cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
133
High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State
Formation of High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State

305. There is the High Court of the Region in the Region and the High Court of the
State in the State.
Jurisdictions of High Courts of the Region or High Courts of the State

306. High Courts of the Region or State shall have the following jurisdictions in accord
with the law :
(a) adjudicating on original case;
(b) adjudicating on appeal case;
(c) adjudicating on revision case;
(d) adjudicating on matters prescribed by any law.
307. (a) For the purpose of judicial administration, the High Court of Mandalay
Region is the High Court of the Courts situated in Nay Pyi Taw.
(b) For the purpose of judicial administration, where any area located in the
Region or State is designated as a Union Territory, the High Court of the
Region or State concerned is the High Court of the Courts situated in the
said Union Territory.
Appointment of the Chief Justice and Judges of the High Court of the Region or
the High Court of the State
308. (a) (i) The Head of the High Court of the Region or the High Court of
the State shall be called the Chief Justice of the High Court of the
Region or the Chief Justice of the High Court of the State.
133
wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;
wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; w&m;vT w f a wmf r sm; ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f w &m;vT w f a wmf r sm;

zJGUpnf;jcif;
305/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D wGif wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmfuv kd nf;aumif;? jynfe,fwiG f
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfuv kd nf;aumif; xm;&So d nf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmfrsm; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;\ pD&if

ykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;
306/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfrsm;wGif Oya'ESifhtnD
atmufygw&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPmrsm;&Sod nf
(u) rlvrIupkd &D ifjcif;?
( c ) t,lcrH uI pkd &D ifjcif;?
( * ) jyifqifruI pkd &D ifjcif;?
(C) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrw S xf m;aom udp&ö yfrsm;ukpd &D ifjcif;/
307/ (u) w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f mudpt ö vdiYk mS rEÅav;wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf
onf aejynfawmftwGi;f &Sd w&m;½k;H rsm;\w&m;vTwaf wmfjzpfonf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd a'owpfcck u k kd jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrtjzpfowfrw S v
f Qif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m udpt ö vdiYk mS oufqikd &f m
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfonf ,if;jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrtwGi;f &Sd w&m;½k;H rsm;\ w&m;vTwaf wmf jzpfonf/
wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS Yf

w&m;olBu;D rsm; ceftY yfjcif;
308/ (u) (1) wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmf\tBu;D trSL;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;
olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
[kac:&rnf?
134
(ii) In the High Court of the Region or the High Court of the State,
judges of the High Court of the Region or Judges of the High
Court of the State including the Chief Justice of the High Court of
the Region or the Chief Justice of the High Court of the State may
be appointed from a minimum of three and a maximum of seven in
number.
(b) (i) The President, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union
and the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned, shall
prepare the nomination for the appointment of the Chief Justice of
the High Court of the Region or State concerned and the Chief
Minister of the Region or State concerned, in co-ordination with
the Chief Justice of the Union, shall prepare the nomination for the
appointment of the Judges of the High Court of the Region or
State concerned, and the said nomination shall be sent to the
Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
(ii) The Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall have no right to
refuse the person or persons nominated by the President, in co-
ordination with the Chief Justice of the Union and the Chief Minister
of the Region or State concerned, for the appointment of the Chief
Justice of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, or
the person or persons nominated by the Chief Minister of the
Region or State concerned, in co-ordination with the Chief Justice
of the Union, for the appointment of Judges of the High Court of
the Region or State concerned unless it can clearly be proved that
the person does not meet the qualifications prescribed under Section
310 for the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State
and the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State.
134
(2) wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;
vTwaf wmfwiG f wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf tygt0if
wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D rsm;OD;a& tenf;qk;H ok;H OD;
rS trsm;qk;H ckepfO;D txd ceft Y yfEidk of nf?
(c) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f oufqidk &f m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfwkdYESifh n§dEdIif;NyD;
oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyftjzpfcefYtyf&ef trnfpm&if;ukdjyKpkí ,if;
trnfpm&if;ukv d nf;aumif;? oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh
n§dEdIif;NyD; oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpfceft Y yf&ef trnfpm&if;ukd
jyKpkí ,if;trnfpm&if;rsm;ukdvnf;aumif; oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYkd ay;yk&Yd rnf?
(2) yk'rf 310 wGif owfrw S x f m;aom wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh wkdif;a'oBuD;
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESifhrjynhfpkHaMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEkdifygu oufqkdif&m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfonf EkdifiHawmf
or®wu jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfwkdYESifh n§dEdIif;NyD; oufqkdif&m
wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;
ol B uD ; csKyf t jzpf cef Y t yf & ef v nf ; aumif ; ? oufqkdif&m
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okdYr[kwf jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfu jynfaxmifpk
w&m;olBu;D csKyEf iS hf n§Ed iId ;f Ny;D wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yf&efvnf;aumif;
trnfpm&if; ay;ydo Yk rl sm;ukd jiif;y,fciG rfh &Sad p&?
135
(iii) There is the right to resubmit a new nomination list as prescribed
in place of the persons who are refused under Sub-Section (ii).
(iv) The President shall appoint persons approved by the Region or
State Hluttaw as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region
or State concerned and Judges of the High Court of the Region or
State concerned.
309. (a) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of
the High Court of the Region or State must be free from party politics.
(b) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of
the High Court of the Region or State, if they are civil service personnel,
shall be deemed to have retired from the civil service in accord with the
existing Civil Service Regulations commencing from the day they have
been appointed as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or
State and the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State.
Qualification of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High
Court of the State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High Court
of the State
310. The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High
Court of the Region or State shall be a person of the following qualifications :
(a) not younger than 45 years and not older than 65 years of age;
(b) who has the qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed
under Section 120 for the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
135
(3) yk'rf cGiJ ,f (2) t& jiif;y,fjcif;cH&aomyk*K¾d vrf sm;tpm; trnf
pm&if;opfudk owfrw S x
f m;onft h wkid ;f xyfrw
H ifoiG ;f cGi&fh o
dS nf?
(4) EkdifiHawmfor®wonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfu oabmwlno D rl sm;ukd oufqidk &f mwkid ;f
a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D csKyf
tjzpfvnf;aumif;? oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;tjzpf vnf;aumif;
ceftY yf&rnf/
309/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D csKyrf sm;ESihf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D rsm;onf
ygwDEikd if aH &;ESifh uif;&Si;f &rnf?
(c) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D csKyrf sm;ESihf
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmfw&m;olBu;D rsm;onf
Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBu;D csKyt f jzpfvnf;aumif;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D tjzpfvnf;aumif; ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;
cH&onfhaeYrSpí wnfqJ 0efxrf;pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD
tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
wkdif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyf
rsm;ES i f h wk d i f ; a'oBuD ; w&m;vT w f a wmf ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f w &m;vT w f a wmf
w&m;olBuD;rsm;\t&nftcsif;
310/ wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D rsm;onf atmufyg
t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf
(u) touf 45 ESpx f ufri,f? touf 65 ESpx f ufrBu;D ol?
( c ) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y yk'rf 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfoYl
vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrwS x
f m;aom t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESijhf ynfph oHk ?l
136
(c) whose qualifications does not breach the provisions under Section 121
which disqualify him from standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives;
(d) (i) who has served as a Judicial Officer or Law Officer at least five
years not lower than that of the Region or State level or as a
Judicial Officer or Law Officer at least 10 years not lower than
that of the District level for; or
(ii) who has practised as an Advocate for at least 15 years; or
(iii) who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist.
(e) loyal to the Union and its citizens;
(f) who is not a member of a political party;
(g) who is not a Hluttaw representative.
Impeachment of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High
Court of the State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or the High Court
of the State
311. (a) The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State or Judges of
the High Court of the Region or State may be impeached on any of the
following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(iii) misconduct;
136
(*) yk'rf 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfov Yl wT af wmfu,
dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tjzpf
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcHydkifcGifh r&Sdapaom jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;
(C) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h ufredrahf om w&m;a&;
t&m&Sd okrYd [kwf Oya't&m&S&d mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhol okdYr[kwf c½kdiftqifhxufredrfhaom
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd odrYk [kwf Oya't&m&S&d mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H
10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
(2) w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qk;H 15 ESpf trIvu dk yf g
aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(i) Ekid if aH wmfEiS hf Ekid if o H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d ?l
(p) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
(q) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf [kwo f /l
wkid ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf
ES i f h wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; w&m;vT w f a wmf ok d Y r [k w f jynf e ,f w &m;vT w f a wmf
w&m;olBuD;rsm;tm; pGyfpJGjypfwifjcif;
311/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyu f kd
vnf;aumif;? wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D udv k nf;aumif; atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf JG
jypfwifEidk o
f nf -
(1) Ekid if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfuakd zmufzsujf cif;?
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw
f pf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio hf u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
137
(iv) disqualification of the qualification of the Chief Justice of the High
Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High Court of the
Region or State prescribed under Section 310;
(b) If the President wishes to impeach the Chief Justice of the High Court of
the Region or State or the Chief Minister of the Region or State wishes to
impeach any of the Judges of the High Court of the Region or State
concerned, he shall submit the charge to the Speaker of the Region or
State Hluttaw.
(c) If the representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw wish to impeach the
Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State concerned or the
Judge of the High Court of the Region or State concerned, the charge
signed by not less than one-fourth of the total number of representatives
of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned shall be submitted to the Speaker
of the Region or State Hluttaw concerned.
(d) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall form an investigation
body and cause the charge to be investigated in accord with the law. The
time for the completion of the investigation shall be determined on the
volume of work.
(e) (i) If the President or the Chief Minister of the Region or the Chief
Minister of the State wishes to carry out the impeachment, an
investigation body shall be formed with the representatives of the
Region or State Hluttaw concerned and a suitable person from
among the members of the investigation body shall be assigned as
the Chairperson.
137
(4) yk'fr 310 wGif jy|mef;xm;aomwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfESifh wdkif;a'oBuD;
odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D \ t&nftcsi;f
ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
(c) Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;csKyfukdvnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
0efBuD;csKyfonf oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;ukv d nf;aumif; pGypf jJG ypfwif&ef
vkt d yfygu rdr\ d pGypf cJG suu f dk wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
Ouú|xH ay;yd&Yk rnf?
(*) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf
oufqdkif&m wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D csKyu f v kd nf;aumif;? oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D udv k nf;aumif; pGypf jJG ypfwif&ef
vdt k yfygu oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf
ud, k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&teuf tenf;qk;H av;ykw H pfyu
Hk vufrw S f
a&;xdk;NyD; rdrdwdkY\pGyfpGJcsufudk oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|xH wifjy&rnf?
(C) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;
tzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;í Oya'ESit hf nD pkpH rf;ppfaq;ap&rnf/ pkpH rf;ppfaq;&rnfh
vkyif ef;yrmPudak xmuf½í I pkpH rf;ppfaq;rINy;D pD;&rnfh tcsed u f mv
udv k nf; owfrw S af y;&rnf?
(i) (1) Ekid if aH wmfor®w okrYd [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D 0efBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyu f pGypf jJG ypfwifvQif pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ ukd
oufqkdif&mwkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;jzihf zGUJ pnf;í ,if;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;xJrS oihaf vsmo f l
wpfO;D OD;ukd pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;&rnf?
138
(ii) The President or the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned may, himself in person or through a representative,
explain the charge before the investigation body and has also the
right to submit relevant evidences and witnesses.
(f) When the charge is being investigated, the person being charged shall be
given the right to defend himself in person or through a representative.
(g) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, on being submitted the
findings of the investigation concerning the impeachment by the
investigation body, report it to the Region or State Hluttaw.
(h) The Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, if the resolution is passed
that the charge has been substantiated and the alleged person is unfit to
continue to serve as the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or
State or a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State by two-thirds of
the total number of the representatives of the Region or State Hluttaw, if it
is the case concerning the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or
State, the said resolution is submitted to the President and if it is the case
concerning a Judge of the High Court of the Region or State, the said
resolution is submitted to the Chief Minister of the Region or State
concerned. The Chief Minister of the Region of the State shall, on receiving
the said resolution, submit it to the President.
(i) On receiving the report, the President shall, proceed to remove the Chief
Justice of the High Court of the Region or State or the Judge of the High
Court of the Region or State who has been impeached from office.
138
(2) Ekid if aH wmfor®w okrYd [kwf oufqidk &f mwkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,f0efBuD;csKyfonf rdrd\pGyfpGJcsufESifhpyfvsOf;í rdrd
uk, d w f idk af omfvnf;aumif;? ud, k pf m;vS,af pvTwí f aomfvnf;
aumif; pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ a&SUarSmufwiG f &Si;f vif;wifjy
Ekid of nf/ oufqidk &f m taxmuftxm;rsm;ESihf oufaorsm;ukd
vnf; wifjyEkid cf iG &hf o dS nf/
(p) pGypf cJG suu f dk pkpH rf;ppfaq;onft h cg pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&oltm; uk, d wf idk f
aomfvnf;aumif;? uk, d pf m;vS,jf zifah omfvnf;aumif; acsycGiahf y;&rnf?
(q) pGypf jJG ypfwifrEI iS phf yfvsO;f í pkpH rf;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ u pkpH rf;awGU&Scd suu f dk
wifjyonft h cg wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|onf
wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfoYdk wifjy&rnf?
(Z) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;OD;a&\
ok;H ykEH pS yf uHk pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rSeu f efí pGypf cJG &H olonf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D &mxl;wGif qufvuf
xrf;&Gufap&ef roifhaMumif;qkH;jzwfvQif wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fvTwfawmf Ouú|onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyt f wGujf zpfvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®wxHoYdk
vnf;aumif;? wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf
w&m;olBu;D twGujf zpfvQif oufqidk &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f
0efBu;D csKyx f o H Ykd vnf;aumif; xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuu f wdk ifjy&rnf/ wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okrYd [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyo f nf azmfjyygwifjycsuu f dk &&So
d nft h cg
Ekid if aH wmfor®wxH qufvufwifjy&rnf?
(ps) ,if;okw Yd ifjycsurf sm;&&So d nft h cg Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf pGypf jJG ypfwif
jcif;cH&onfh wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;
olBu;D csKyf okrYd [kwf wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBu;D udk &mxl;rS&yfp&J rnf?
139
(j) If the Region or State Hluttaw concerned resolves that the charge has
failed, the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw shall, if it is the case
concerning the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State,
such resolution is submitted to the President and if it is the case concerning
the Judge of the High Court of the Region or State, such resolution is
submitted to the Chief Minister of the Region or State concerned.
Term of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or the High Court of the
State and Judges of the High Court of the Region or High Court of the State
312. The Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or State and Judges of the High
Court of the Region or State shall hold office up to the age of 65 years unless any of the
following occurs :
(a) resignation on his own volition;

(b) being impeached in accord with the provisions under the Constitution and
removed from office;
(c) being found to be unable to continue to serve due to permanent disability
caused by either physical or mental defect according to the findings of the
medical board formed by law;
(d) death.
313. Duties, powers and rights of the Chief Justice of the High Court of the Region or
State and the Judges of the High Court of the Region or State shall be prescribed by law.
139
(n) pGypf jJG ypfwifro I nf rrSeu f efaMumif; oufqikd &f m wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,fvw T af wmfuqk;H jzwfvQif xko d qYdk ;Hk jzwfaMumif;ukd wkid ;f a'oBu;D
okdYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmfOuú|onf wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D csKyt f wGujf zpfvQif Ekid if aH wmfor®w
xHov Ydk nf;aumif;? wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,f w&m;vTwaf wmf
w&m;olBuD;twGufjzpfvQif oufqkdif&m wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf
jynfe,f0efBu;D csKyx f o
H v Ydk nf;aumif; wifjy&rnf/
wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;csKyf

ES i f h wd k i f ; a'oBuD ; w&m;vT w f a wmf od k Y r [k w f jynf e ,f w &m;vT w f a wmf
w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ &mxl;oufwrf;
312/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;onf atmufyg
taMumif;wpf&yf&yf ray:aygufvQif touf 65 ESpf jynfhonftxd wm0ef
xrf;aqmifciG &fh o Sd nf -
(u) rdro d abmtavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k x
f u
G jf cif;?
( c ) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;cH&í
&mxl;rS&yfpcJ &H jcif;?
( * ) Oya't&owfrw S af omaq;tzGUJ \ ppfaq;csut f & ud, k pf w
d Ef pS yf g;
teuf wpfyg;yg;onf xm0pOfcsKdU,Gif;oGm;jcif;aMumifh wm0efudk
qufvufxrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&daS Mumif; awGU&d&S jcif;?
(C) uG,v f eG jf cif;/
313/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;csKyfrsm;ESifh

wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf w&m;olBuD;rsm;\ wm0efrsm;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
140
Courts under the Supervision of the High Court of the Region or the High Court
of the State
314. The following levels of Courts are under the supervision of the High Court of the
Region or State :
(a) if there is no Self-Administered Areas in the Region or State :
(i) District Courts;
(ii) Township Courts.
(b) if there is Self-Administered Areas in the Region or State :
(i) In the Self-Administered Division :
(aa) Court of the Self-Administered Division;
(bb) Township Courts.
(ii) In the Self-Administered Zone :
(aa) Court of the Self-Administered Zone;
(iii) In the remaining areas :
(aa) District Courts;
(c) In the Union Territory :
(i) District Courts;
(ii) Township Courts.
(d) Other Courts constituted by law.
Jurisdiction of the District Courts and Township Courts

315. District Courts, Courts of the Self-Administered Division, and Courts of the Self-
Administered Zone, in accord with the law, have the jurisdiction relating to original criminal
cases, original civil cases, appeal cases, revision cases or matters prescribed by any law.
140
wdkif;a'oBuD;w&m;vTwfawmf odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf\ BuD;MuyfrI
atmuf&Sd w&m;½kH;rsm;
314/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odk Yr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf BuD;MuyfrIatmufü
atmufygtwdik ;f w&m;½k;H tqifq h if&h o Sd nf
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk &dv
S Qif
(1) c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm;?
(2) NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm;/
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifp&k v
Sd Qif
(1) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f ü
(uu) ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f w&m;½H;k ?
( c c ) NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm;/
(2) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'oü
(uu) ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'ow&m;½k;H ?
(3) useaf 'orsm;ü
(uu) c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm;?
( * ) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrü
(1) c½dik w f &m;½k;H rsm;?
(2) NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm;/
(C) Oya't&wnfaxmifxm;aom tjcm;w&m;½k;H rsm;/
c½dkifw&m;½kH;ESifY NrdKUe,fw&m;½Hk;rsm;\ pD&ifykdifcGifhtmPmrsm;

315/ c½dik w
f &m;½k;H rsm;? ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh wdik ;f w&m;½k;H rsm;? ud,
k yf ikd t
a'ow&m;½kH;rsm;onf Oya'ESifhtnD jypfrIqdkif&mrlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrIrsm;udk
vnf;aumif;? t,lcHrIrsm;ESifh jyifqifrIrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft&
owfrwS x
f m;aomudp&ö yfrsm;ukv d nf;aumif; pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPm&So d nf/
141
316. Township Courts, in accord with the law, have the jurisdiction relating to original
criminal cases, original civil cases or matters prescribed by any law.
317. The Judges appointed in accord with the law at the Courts formed by the
Constitution or any other law shall administer all judicial affairs in the entire Union.
318. (a) Appointment of Judges at various levels of Courts under the supervision
of the High Court of the Region or State, conferring judicial powers,
prescribing the duties, powers and rights shall be in accord with the law.
(b) Formation of staff organizations, comprising of officers and other ranks at
the Supreme Court of the Union, the High Courts of the Region or State
and other Courts, and prescribing duties, powers and rights shall be in
Courts-Martial
319. According to Sub-Section (b) of Section 293, the Courts-Martial shall be
constituted in accord with the Constitution and the other law and shall adjudicate Defence
Services personnel.
The Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
Formation of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
320. The Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be formed with nine members including
the Chairperson.
141
316/ NrKd Ue,fw&m;½k;H rsm;onf Oya'ESithf nD jypfrq
I ikd &f mrlvrIrsm;? w&m;rrlvrI
rsm;udv k nf;aumif;? Oya'wpf&yf&yft& owfrwS xf m;aomudp&ö yfrsm;udv k nf;aumif;
pD&ifyikd cf iG t
hf mPm&So
d nf/
317/ jynfaxmifpw k pf0ef;vk;H wGif w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f mudpt ö 00udk zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccH
Oya't&jzpfap? tjcm;Oya'wpf&yf&yft&jzpfap zGJUpnf;onfhw&m;½kH;rsm;wGif
Oya'ESit
hf nDcefx
Y m;aom w&m;olBu;D rsm;u pDraH qmif&u G &f rnf/
318/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmf BuD;MuyfrIatmuf&dS

w&m;½Hk;tqifhqifhwGif w&m;olBuD;rsm;cefYxm;jcif;? pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;
tyfESif;jcif;? wm0efrsm;? vkyfydkifcGihfrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGihfrsm; owfrSwfjcif;
wdoYk nf Oya'ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
(c) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKy?f wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f
w&m;vTwaf wmfrsm;ESihf usew f &m;½k;H rsm;wGif t&m&dt S qif0h efxrf;rsm;?
tjcm;tqihf0efxrf;rsm;yg0ifonfh 0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;zGJUpnf;jcif;?
wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm;owfrw
S jf cif;wdo
Yk nf Oya'ESithf nD
jzpfap&rnf/
ppf b uf q d k i f & mw&m;½k H ; rsm;
319/ yk'rf 293 yk'rf cGJ (c) t& ppfbufqikd &f mw&m;½k;H rsm;udk Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'ESihf tjcm;Oya't&zGUJ pnf;í wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf w&m;pD&if&rnf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk; zGJUpnf;jcif;
320/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH ukd Ouú|tygt0if tzGUJ 0if ud;k OD; jzifh
zGUJ pnf;&rnf/
142
321. The President shall submit the candidature list of total nine persons, three members
chosen by him, three members chosen by the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and three
members chosen by the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw, and one member from among
nine members to be assigned as the Chairperson of the Constitutional Tribunal of the
Union, to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for its approval.
Functions and Duties of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
322. The functions and the duties of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union are as
follows :
(a) interpreting the provisions under the Constitution;
(b) vetting whether the laws promulgated by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the
Region Hluttaw, the State Hluttaw or the Self-Administered Division
Leading Body and the Self-Administered Zone Leading Body are in
conformity with the Constitution or not;
(c) vetting whether the measures of the executive authorities of the Union, the
Regions, the States, and the Self-Administered Areas are in conformity
with the Constitution or not;
(d) deciding Constitutional disputes between the Union and a Region, between
the Union and a State, between a Region and a State, among the Regions,
among the States, between a Region or a State and a Self-Administered
Area and among the Self-Administered Areas;
(e) deciding disputes arising out of the rights and duties of the Union and a
Region, a State or a Self-Administered Area in implementing the Union
Law by a Region, State or Self-Administered Area;
142
321/ EdkifiHawmfor®wonf rdrda&G;cs,fxm;onfh tzGJU0if okH;OD;? jynfolYvTwfawmf
Ouú|u a&G;cs,fxm;onfh tzGJU0ifokH;OD;ESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú|u a&G;cs,f
xm;onfh tzGUJ 0if ok;H OD; pkpak ygif; ud;k OD;\ trnfpm&if;ukv d nf;aumif;? ,if;wkt Yd euf
Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH Ouú|tjzpf wm0efay;tyf&ef tzJUG 0ifwpfO;D \
trnfukdvnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfodkY wifoGif;vsuf oabmwlnDcsuf
&,l&rnf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ vkyfief;wm0ef
322/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;rSm atmufyg
twdik ;f jzpfonf
(u) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;udk teuft"dymÜ ,fziG q hf jkd cif;?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf? wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf? jynfe,fvw T af wmf
odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ ESihf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
a'oOD;pD;tzGUJ wdu Yk jy|mef;onfOh ya'rsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccH Oya'ESihf
nDñw G jf cif;&S-d r&Sd pdppfjcif;?
( * ) jynfaxmifp?k wdik ;f a'oBu;D rsm;? jynfe,frsm;ESihf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifprk sm;\ tkycf sKyrf q I ikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;\ aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf
zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf nDñw G jf cif; &S-d r&Sd pdppfjcif;?
(C) jynfaxmifpEk iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D tMum;? jynfaxmifpEk iS hf jynfe,ftMum;?
wkid ;f a'oBu;D ESihf jynfe,ftMum;? wdik ;f a'oBu;D tcsi;f csi;f ? jynfe,f
tcsi;f csi;f ? wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fEiS hf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpktMum;? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&pD&ifpktcsif;csif; jzpfay:onfh
zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qk;H jzwfjcif;?
( i ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpw k u Ykd
jynf a xmif p k O ya'ud k taumif t xnf a zmf aqmif & G u f & mwG i f
jynfaxmifpEk iS hf wdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f odrYk [kwf ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf
pD&ifpw k \ Ykd tcGit hf a&;ESihf wm0efrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í ay:aygufonfh
tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk qk;H jzwfjcif;?
143
(f) vetting and deciding matters intimated by the President relating to the Union
Territory;
(g) functions and duties conferred by laws enacted by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
Effect of the Resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
323. In hearing a case by a Court, if there arises a dispute whether the provisions
contained in any law contradict or conform to the Constitution, and if no resolution has
been made by the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union on the said dispute, the said Court
shall stay the trial and submit its opinion to the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
in accord with the prescribed procedures and shall obtain a resolution. In respect of the
said dispute, the resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be applied
to all cases.
324. The resolution of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall be final and
conclusive.
Submission to obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional

Tribunal of the Union
325. The following persons and organizations shall have the right to submit matters
directly to obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional Tribunal of
the Union :
(a) the President;
(b) the Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw;
(c) the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(d) the Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw;
(e) the Chief Justice of the Union;
(f) the Chairperson of the Union Election Commission.
143
(p) jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í Ekid if aH wmfor®wutaMumif;Mum;
vmonfh udp&ö yfrsm;ukd pdppfq;Hk jzwfjcif;?
(q) jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu jy|mef;onfhOya'rsm;u ay;tyfonfh
vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH; qkH;jzwfcsuf\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI

323/ w&m;½k;H wpf½;Hk onf trIwpfru I kd ppfaq;pD&if&mwGif Oya'wpf&yf&yfyg jy|mef;
csufonf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifrI&Sd-r&Sd? nDñGwfrI&Sd-r&Sd tjiif;yGm;rI
ay:aygufygu xdktjiif;yGm;rIESifh pyfvsOf;í EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m
ck½H ;Hk uvnf; wpfpw
Hk pf&mqk;H jzwfcsuf csrw S x
f m;jcif;r&Sad o;vQif tqdyk gw&m;½k;H onf
trIppfaq;pD&ifjcif;udk&yfqdkif;xm;NyD; rdrd\xifjrifcsufudk owfrSwfxm;onfh
enf;vrf;rsm;ESithf nD Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk odw
Yk ifjyí tqk;H tjzwf
&,l&rnf/ ,if;tjiif;yGm;rIEiS phf yfvsO;f í Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykH tajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \
qk;H jzwfcsuo f nf trItm;vk;H ESihf oufqidk af p&rnf/
324/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ qk;H jzwfcsuo
f nf tNy;D tjywf
twnfjzpfonf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf? qkH;jzwfcsufESifh

oabmxm;&,l&ef wifoGif;jcif;
325/ zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ t"dymÜ ,fziG q
hf ckd su?f qk;H jzwfcsu?f oabmxm;
&,l&efudpörsm;udk atmufazmfjyygyk*¾dKvfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'
qdik &f mck½H ;Hk odYk wdu
k ½f u
kd w
f ifoiG ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf
(u) Edik if aH wmfor®w?
( c ) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfem,u?
( * ) jynfoUl vTwaf wmfOuú|?
(C) trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|?
( i ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKy?f
( p ) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|/
144
326. The following persons and organizations shall have the right to submit matters to
obtain the interpretation, resolution and opinion of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
in accord with the prescribed procedures :
(a) the Chief Minister of the Region or State;
(b) the Speaker of the Region or State Hluttaw;
(c) the Chairperson of the Self-Administered Division Leading Body or the
Self-Administered Zone Leading Body;
(d) Representatives numbering at least ten percent of all the representatives
of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Amyotha Hluttaw.
Appointment of the Chairperson and members of the Constitutional Tribunal of

the Union
327. The President shall appoint the Chairperson and members of the Constitutional
Tribunal of the Union approved by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw .
328. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall have no right to refuse the persons nominated for
members of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union by the President unless it can clearly
be proved that they are disqualified.
329. The President has the right to submit again, in accord with the provisions of the
Constitution, the new nomination list to replace the person who has not been approved by
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for appointment as member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the
Union.
330. A member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union shall :

(a) if he is a representative of any Hluttaw, be deemed to have resigned as
representative of the Hluttaw commencing from the day he has been
appointed as a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union;
144
326/ atmufygyk*¾dKvf odkYr[kwf tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m
ckH½kH;\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf? qkH;jzwfcsuf? oabmxm;&,l&efudpörsm;udk owfrSwf
xm;aom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&mckH½kH;odkY
wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o
dS nf
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f0efBu;D csKy?f
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfOuú|?
( * ) ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKycf iG &hf wdik ;f OD;pD;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf ud,
k yf ikd t f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'o
OD;pD;tzGUJ Ouú|?
(C) jynfov Yl wT af wmf odrYk [kwf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vk;H
\ tenf;qk;H 10 &mcdik Ef eI ;f ta&twGu&f adS om ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk; Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm; cefYtyfwm0ef
ay;jcif;
327/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf &&SNd y;D onfh
Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0if
rsm;tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/
k ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0if\ t&nftcsi;f ESihf rjynfph kH
aMumif; txift&Sm;rjyEdkifygu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EdkifiHawmfor®wu
pkpnf;trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f onfh yk*Kd¾vrf sm;tm; Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH
tzGUJ 0iftjzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&ef jiif;y,fciG rhf &Sad p&/
329/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0iftjzpf
ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&ef jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf\ oabmwlncD suf r&&So d nft h zGUJ 0if
ae&mtwGuf trnfpm&if;opfukd zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm; ESit hf nD
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfoYkd xyfrw
H ifoiG ;f cGi&hf odS nf/
k ajccHOya'qkid &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D onf -
(u) vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yf\ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvQif EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'qdik &f m cH½k ;kH tzGUJ 0iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfh aeYrS
pí vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpfrS Ekwx f uG Nf y;D jzpfonf[k rSw,
f &l rnf?
145
(b) if he is a Civil Services personnel, be deemed to have retired from the
Civil Services in accord with the existing Civil Services Regulations
commencing from the day he has been appointed as a member of the
Constitutional Tribunal of the Union;
(c) if he is a member of any political party, he shall not take part in its party
activities during his term, commencing from the day he has been appointed
a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union.
331. If a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union wishes to resign on his own
volition from office before the expiry of his term due to any reason, he may do so, after
submitting his resignation in writing to the President.
332. If the position of a member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union is vacant for
any reason, the President may appoint a new member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the
Union in accord with the provisions under the Constitution.
Qualifications of the Member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
333. The President, the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw shall select from among the Hluttaw representatives or among those who are not
Hluttaw representatives with three members each who has the following qualifications :
(a) person who has attained the age of 50 years;
(b) person who has qualifications, with the exception of the age limit, prescribed
in Section 120 for Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
145
(c) Edik if 0hH efxrf;jzpfvQif Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H H;k tzGUJ 0if
tjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;pnf;rsO;f
pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD 0efxrf;tjzpfrS tNidrf;pm;,lNyD;jzpfonf[k
rSw, f &l rnf?
(*) Edik if aH &;ygwDwpfcck ük tzGUJ 0ifjzpfvQif Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yktH ajccHOya'
qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0iftjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í rdr&d mxl;
oufwrf;twGif; ,if;ygwDtzGJUtpnf;\ ygwDvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0if
aqmif&u G jf cif;rjyK&/
331/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0ifwpfOD;OD;onf &mxl;

oufwrf;rukefqkH;rD taMumif;wpfckckaMumifh rdrdoabmqE´tavsmuf &mxl;rS
Ekwxf uG vf v kd Qif xdo
k EYkd w
k x
f u
G v
f akd Mumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wxH pmjzifw
h ifjyNy;D &mxl;rS
Ekwx
f uG Ef ikd o f nf/
332/ taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0if
&mxl;ae&mvpfvyfvQif Edik if aH wmfor®wonf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ESit
hf nD Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0iftopftm; ceft Y yf
wm0efay;Edik o
f nf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;tzGJU0if\ t&nftcsif;

333/ Edik if aH wmfor®w? jynfov Yl w
T af wmfOuú|ESihf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|wko
Yd nf
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJujzpfap? vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fr[kwfolrsm;xJu
jzpfap atmufazmfjyyg t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkolrsm;teufrS tzGJU0if okH;OD;pDudk
a&G;cs,&f rnf -
(u) touf 50 ESpf jynfNh y;D ol?
( c ) toufuefo Y wfcsurf t S y yk'rf 120 wGif azmfjyxm;onfh jynfoYl
vTwaf wmf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf owfrw S x
f m;aom t&nftcsi;f
rsm;ESihf jynfph oHk ?l
146
(c) person whoes qualification does not breach the provisions under Section
121 which disqualify a person standing for election as Pyithu Hluttaw
representatives;
(d) (i) person who has served as a Judge of the High Court of the Region
or State for at least five years; or
(ii) person who has served as a Judicial Officer or a Law Officer at
least 10 years not lower than that of the Region or State level for;
or
(iii) person who has practised as an Advocate for at least 20 years; or
(iv) person who is, in the opinion of the President, an eminent jurist.
(e) person who is not a member of a political party;
(f) person who is not a Hluttaw representative;
(g) person who has political, administrative, economic and security outlook;
(h) person loyal to the Union and its citizens.
Impeachment of the Chairperson and the Members of the Constitutional Tribunal

of the Union
334. (a) The Chairperson and members of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
may be impeached on any of the following reasons :
(i) high treason;
(ii) breach of any of the provisions under the Constitution;
(iii) misconduct;
(iv) disqualification of the qualifications of member of the Constitutional
Tribunal of the Union prescribed under Section 333;
146
(*) yk'fr 121 wGif azmfjyxm;onfY jynfolYvTwfawmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
tjzpf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG rhf &Sad paom jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;
(C) (1) wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf w&m;olBu;D
tjzpf tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(2) wkdif;a'oBuD; okdYr[kwf jynfe,ftqifhxufredrfhaom
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd okrYd [kwf Oya't&m&S&d mxl;wGif tenf;qk;H 10
ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ l okrYd [kwf
(3) w&m;vTwaf wmfaf &SUaetjzpf tenf;qk;H 20 ESpf trIvu dk yf g
aqmif&u G cf o
hJ l okrYd [kwf
(i) Ekid if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f ?l
(p) vTwaf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf [kwo f ?l
(q) Edik if aH &;? tkycf sKyaf &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vHNk cKH a&;tjrif&o dS ?l
(Z) Edik if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o H m;rsm;tay: opöm&So d /l
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'qdkif&m ckH½kH;Ouú|ESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm; pGyfpJG

jypf w if j cif ;
334/ (u) Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;tm;
atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfjzifh pGypf jJG ypfwifEikd o f nf
(1) Edik if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) yk'rf 333 wGif owfrw S x f m;onfh Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt H ajccH
Oya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk tzGUJ 0if\ t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaom wm0efrsm;ukd ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
147
(b) If the Chairperson or any member of the Constitutional Tribunal of the
Union is to be impeached, it shall be done so in accord with the
impeachment provisions as prescribed under Section 302 of the Chief
Justice of the Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union.
Term of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union
335. The term of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union is the same as that of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw being five years. However, the ongoing Constitution Tribunal of the
Union, on expiry of its term, shall continue its functions till the President forms a new
Tribunal under the Constitution.
336. The formation and communication of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Union,
duties, powers and rights of the Chairperson and members of the Tribunal shall be prescribed
by law.
147
(c) Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'qdik &f m ck½H ;Hk Ouú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;tay:
pGypf jJG ypfwifvykd gu jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf w&m;olBuD;wpfOD;OD;tm; pGyfpGJjypfwifjcif;ESifh
pyfvsO;f í yk'rf 302 yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ oufwrf;
335/ EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'qdkif&mcHk½Hk;\ oufwrf;onf jynfaxmifpk
vTwfawmf\ oufwrf;ESifhtnD ig;ESpfjzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif oufwrf;ukefqHk;NyD;
jzpfaomfvnf; vuf&w dS m0efxrf;aqmifvsu&f adS om Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
qdkif&mcHk½Hk;onf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya't& EdkifiHawmfor®wu EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk
tajccHOya'qdik &f mcH½k ;kH topf zGUJ pnf;Ny;D onft
h csed t
f xd rdr\
d vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk
qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf/
336/ Edik if aH wmfzUJG pnf;ykt

H ajccHOya'qdik &f mck½H ;Hk \ zGUJ pnf;rI? qufo, G rf ?I ck½H ;Hk Ouú| ESihf
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\ wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;? &ydik cf iG rhf sm; ponfwu
Ykd kd Oya'jy|mef; owfrw S f
&rnf/
Chapter VII
Defence Services
tcef; (7)
wyfrawmf
Chapter VII
Defence Services
337. The main armed force for the Defence of the Union is the Defence Services.
338. All the armed forces in the Union shall be under the command of the Defence
Services.
339. The Defence Services shall lead in safeguarding the Union against all internal and
external dangers.
340. With the approval of the National Defence and Security Council, the Defence
Services has the authority to administer the participation of the entire people in the Security
and Defence of the Union. The strategy of the people’s militia shall be carried out under
the leadership of the Defence Services.
341. The Defence Services shall render assistance when calamities that affects the Union
and its citizens occur in the Union.
342. The President shall appoint the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services
with the proposal and approval of the National Defence and Security Council.
343. In the adjudication of Military justice :

(a) the Defence Services personnel may be administered in accord with law
collectively or singly;
(b) the decision of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is final
and conclusive.
344. A law shall be enacted to provide assistance and care for disabled Defence Services
personnel and the families of deceased or fallen Defence Services personnel.
tcef;(7)
wyfrawmf
337/ wyf r awmf o nf Ed k i f i H a wmf u muG , f a &;twG u f t"d u tusqH k ; aom

vufeufuikd w
f yfzUGJ jzpfonf/
338/ Edik if aH wmftwGi;f &Sd vufeufuikd t
f zJUG tpnf;tm;vH;k onf wyfrawmf\uGyu
f rJ I
atmufwiG &f &dS rnf/
339/ Edik if aH wmftm;jynfwiG ;f ? jynfytEÅ&m,frsm;rSumuG,af &;twGuf wyfrawmfu
OD;aqmif&rnf/
340/ wyfrawmfonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifp\ D oabmwlncD suf
jzihf EkdifiHawmfvHkNcHKa&;ESihf umuG,fa&;wGif jynfolwpf&yfvHk;yg0ifa&;twGuf pDrH
aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/ wyfrawmf\OD;aqmifrjI zihf jynfopYl pfr[mAsL[mudk azmfaqmif
&rnf/
341/ Edik if aH wmfwiG f Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o
H m;rsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;usa&muf
vmvQif wyfrawmfuulnaD qmif&u G &f rnf/
342/ Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vHNk cKH a&;aumifp\
D tqdjk yK
axmufccH sujf zihf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu
f kd ceft
Y yfwm0efay;&rnf/
343/ ppfbufw&m;pD&if&mwGif -
(u) wyfrawmfom;rsm;twGuf tzJUG jzihjf zpfap? wpfO;D wnf;jzpfap Oya'ESifh
tnD pD&ifEikd of nf?
( c ) wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf\ tqHk;tjzwfonf tNyD;tjywf
jzpfonf/
344/ roefrpGr;f jzpfomG ;aom wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf aoqH;k aom odrYk [kwf usq;kH aom
wyfrawmfom;rsm;\rdom;pkrsm;tm; axmufyahH pmihaf &Smufa&;wdt Yk wGuf Oya'jy|mef;
&rnf/
Chapter VIII
Citizen, Fundamental Rights
and Duties of the Citizens
tcef; (8)
EkdifiHom;? EkdifiHom;rsm;\
rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;
Chapter VIII
Citizen, Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens
345. All persons who have either one of the following qualifications are citizens of the
Republic of the Union of Myanmar:
(a) person born of parents both of whom are nationals of the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar;
(b) person who is already a citizen according to law on the day this Constitution
comes into operation.
346. Citizenship, naturalization and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by

law.
347. The Union shall guarantee any person to enjoy equal rights before the law and
shall equally provide legal protection.
348. The Union shall not discriminate any citizen of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar,
based on race, birth, religion, official position, status, culture, sex and wealth.
349. Citizens shall enjoy equal opportunity in carrying out the following functions :
(a) public employment;
(b) occupation;
(c) trade;
(d) business;
(e) technical know-how and vocation;
(f) exploration of art, science and technology.
tcef;(8)
EdkfifiHom;? EdkifiHom;rsm;\ rlvtcGifhta&;ESifh wm0efrsm;
345/ atmufazmfjyygt&nftcsi;f wpf&yf&yfEiS jhf ynfph o kH rl sm;onf jynfaxmifpo k r®w

jrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ Edik if o
H m;rsm;jzpfMuonf -
(u) jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ wdik ;f &if;om;rdbESpyf g;rS arG;zGm;ol?
( c ) þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' twnfjyKjy|mef;onfhaeYwGif Oya't&
Edik if o
H m;jzpfNy;D ol/
346/ Edik if oH m;jzpfjcif;? Edik if o

H m;jyKjcif;ESihf Ekid if o
H m;tjzpfr&S yfpjJ cif;wdo
Yk nf Oya'
jzifjh y|mef;onft
h wdik ;f jzpfap&rnf/
347/ Ekid if aH wmfonf rnfou

Yl rkd qdk Oya't&mwGif wef;wlnrD QtcGit hf a&;&&Sad p&rnf/
xkjYd yif Oya'\tumtuG,u f v kd nf; wef;wlnrD QpmG &,lyikd cf iG ahf y;&rnf/
348/ EkdifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkrQ

vlrsK;d ? Zmwd? ud;k uG,&f mbmom? &mxl;XmeEÅ&? tqift h wef;? ,Ofaus;rI? trsK;d om;?
trsK;d orD;? qif;&Jcsr;f omwduYk kd taMumif;jyKícGjJ cm;rIr&Sad p&/
349/ Edik if o
H m;rsm;onf atmufygvkyif ef;rsm;udk vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G &f mwGiw f n
l aD om
tcGit
fh vrf;&&Sad p&rnf -
(u) jynfo0Yl efxrf; wm0efxrf;aqmifr?I
( c ) tvkyv f yk uf ikd rf ?I
( * ) ukeo f ,G af &mif;0,f azmufum;rI?
(C) pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef; vkyu f ikd rf ?I
( i ) twwfynmESihf toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rI?
( p ) 0dZmÆ ynm? odyyHÜ nmESihf enf;ynm&yfrsm; &SmazGazmfxw k rf /I
150
350. Women shall be entitled to the same rights and salaries as that received by men in
respect of similar work.
351. Mothers, children and expectant women shall enjoy equal rights as prescribed by
law.
352. The Union shall, upon specified qualifications being fulfilled, in appointing or assigning
duties to civil service personnel, not discriminate for or against any citizen of the Republic
of the Union of Myanmar, based on race, birth, religion, and sex. However, nothing in this
Section shall prevent appointment of men to the positions that are suitable for men only.
353. Nothing shall, except in accord with existing laws, be detrimental to the life and
personal freedom of any person.
354. Every citizen shall be at liberty in the exercise of the following rights, if not contrary
to the laws, enacted for Union security, prevalence of law and order, community peace
and tranquility or public order and morality:
(a) to express and publish freely their convictions and opinions;
(b) to assemble peacefully without arms and holding procession;
(c) to form associations and organizations;
(d) to develop their language, literature, culture they cherish, religion they
profess, and customs without prejudice to the relations between one
national race and another or among national races and to other faiths.
355. Every citizen shall have the right to settle and reside in any place within the Republic
of the Union of Myanmar according to law.
150
350/ trsKd;orD;rsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyftwGuf trsKd;om;rsm;cHpm;cGifh&Sdaom
tcGit
hf a&;ESiv
hf pmwku
Yd kd cHpm;cGi&hf o
dS nf/
351/ rdcifrsm;? uav;oli,frsm;ESihf ud,

k 0f efaqmiftrsK;d orD;rsm;onf Oya't&
owfrwS x
f m;aom oufqikd &f mtcGit
hf a&;rsm;udk tnDtrQcpH m;cGi&hf adS p&rnf/
352/ Edik if aH wmfonf tvkyt f udik cf efx Y m;&mwGijf zpfap? Edik if 0hH efxrf;a&G;cs,w
f m0ef
ay;&mwGijf zpfap owfrw S af omt&nftcsi;f ESijhf ynfph ykH gu jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrm
Ekid if aH wmf\ rnfonfEh ikd if oH m;udrk Q vlrsK;d ? Zmwd? ud;k uG,&f mbmom omoem? trsK;d om;?
trsKd;orD;udktaMumif;jyKvsuf &mxl;a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;udk cGJjcm;rIrjyK&/ odkY&mwGif
trsK;d om;rsm;ESio hf mavsmu f efoifjh rwfonfh &mxl;wm0efrsm;twGuf trsK;d om;rsm;tm;
a&G;cs,cf efx Y m;jcif;udk þyk'rf t& t[eft Y wm;rjzpfap&/
353/ rnfolYudkrQ wnfqJOya'ESifhtnDrSwpfyg; toufudkjzpfap? yk*¾dKvfqdkif&m

vGwvf yfru
I jkd zpfap epfemqH;k ½I;H rIr&Sad p&/
354/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Edik if aH wmfvjkH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;? &yf&mG at;csr;f
om,ma&; odrYk [kwf jynfow l \ Ykd ud,k u
f siwhf &m;tusKd ;iSm jy|mef;xm;onfOh ya'rsm;
ESihf rqefu
Y siv
f Qif atmufygtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk vGwv
f yfpmG oH;k pGaJ qmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf -
(u) rdrd\ ,HkMunfcsuf? xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmf
ajymqkcd iG ?hf a&;om;jzefaY 0cGi?hf
( c ) vufeufrygbJ Nird ;f csr;f pGmpka0;cGi?hf pDwef;vSnv hf nfciG ?hf
( * ) toif;tzGUJ odrYk [kwf tpnf;t½H;k rsm; zGUJ pnf;aqmif&u G cf iG ?hf
(C) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd; wpfrsKd;ESifhwpfrsKd; odkYr[kwf wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;
tcsif;csif;ukdvnf;aumif;? tjcm;bmomomoemukdvnf;aumif;
xdcu kd ef pfemrIr&Sad pbJ rdrcd spcf ifjrwfE;kd onfh pum;? pmay? ,Ofaus;rI?
udk;uG,fonfhbmomomoemESifh "avhxHk;wrf;rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm
aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG /hf
355/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf jynfaxmifpok r®wjrefrmEkid if aH wmftwGi;f rnfonft
h &yf
a'oürqkd Oya'ESit hf nD tajcpdu
k af exkid cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
151
356. The Union shall protect according to law movable and immovable properties of
every citizen that are lawfully acquired.
357. The Union shall protect the privacy and security of home, property, correspondence
and other communications of citizens under the law subject to the provisions of this
Constitution.
358. The Union prohibits the enslaving and trafficking in persons.
359. The Union prohibits forced labor except hard labor as a punishment for crime duly
convicted and duties assigned by the Union in accord with the law in the interest of the
public.
360. (a) The freedom of religious right given in Section 34 shall not include any
economic, financial, political or other secular activities that may be
associated with religious practice.
(b) The freedom of religious practice so guaranteed shall not debar the Union
from enacting law for the purpose of public welfare and reform.
361. The Union recognizes special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the
great majority of the citizens of the Union.
362. The Union also recognizes Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Animism as the religions
existing in the Union at the day of the coming into operation of this Constitution.
363. The Union may assist and protect the religions it recognizes to its utmost.
151
356/ Edik if aH wmfonf Edik if o H m;rsm;\ w&m;0if&&Syd ikd q f idk x
f m;aom a&TUajymif;Ekid f
aomypön;f ? ra&TUrajymif;Ekid af omypön;f rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í Oya't& umuG,af y;&rnf/
357/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhrqefYusifvQif EdkifiHawmfonf

Edik if o
H m;rsm;\ aetdrOf ypmvHNk cHK rI? ypön;f vHNk cKH rI? pmay;pm,lEiS hf tjcm;qufo,
G af &;
qdik &f mvHNk cHK rIrsm;twGuf Oya't&umuG,af y;&rnf/
358/ Edik if aH wmfonf aus;uRejf yKrIEiS hf vluek u

f ;l rIrsm;udk wm;jrpfonf/
359/ EdkifiHawmfonf Oya'usL;vGefí jypf'Pfay;jcif;udkcH&ojzifh tvkyf'Pf

xrf;aqmifcikd ;f jcif;ESihf trsm;jynfot
l usK;d twGuaf qmif&u
G &f ef Edik if aH wmfu Oya'ESihf
tnD wm0efcsxm;jcif;rSwpfyg; t"r®apcdik ;f jcif;udk wm;jrpfonf/
360/ (u) bmomomoema&;qkdif&m udk;uG,faqmufwnfrIonf pD;yGm;a&;?

b@ma&;? Edik if aH &;? tjcm;avmuDa&;&m aqmif&u G rf w
I pfcck Ek iS hf qufpyf
aeygu yk'rf 34 yg bmomomoema&;qdik &f m vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;wGif
ryg0ifap&?
(c) xko d Ykd bmomomoema&;ESiphf yfvsO;f í vGwv f yfaomtcGit hf a&;rsm;
udak y;xm;aomfvnf; trsm;jynfot l usK;d udpEö iS hf jyKjyifa&;udpw ö t Ydk wGuf
Edik if aH wmf\Oya'jyKjcif;udk rwm;jrpf&/
361/ Edik if aH wmfonf Ak'b ¨ momomoemawmfukd Edik if aH wmf\ Edik if o

H m;trsm;qH;k
udk;uG,f&mjzpfaom *kPfxl;0daooESifhjynfhpHkonfh bmomomoemjzpfonf[k
Edik if aH wmfu todtrSwjf yKonf/
362/ EkdifiHawmfonf c&pf,mefbmomomoem? tpövmrfbmomomoem? [dE´L

bmomomoemESifh ewfudk;uG,faombmomwdkYudk þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'tmPm
wnfaomaeYü Edik if aH wmfwiG &f adS eMuaom ud;k uG,&f mbmomrsm;[lí todtrSwjf yKonf/
363/ Edik if aH wmfonf todtrSwjf yKxm;aom bmomomoemrsm;udk wwfEikd o

f rQ
ulnaD pmifah &Smufrnf/
152
364. The abuse of religion for political purposes is forbidden. Moreover, any act which
is intended or is likely to promote feelings of hatred, enmity or discord between racial or
religious communities or sects is contrary to this Constitution. A law may be promulgated
to punish such activity.
365. Every citizen shall, in accord with the law, have the right to freely develop literature,
culture, arts, customs and traditions they cherish. In the process, they shall avoid any act
detrimental to national solidarity. Moreover, any particular action which might adversely
affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after co-
ordinating with and obtaining the settlement of those affected.
366. Every citizen, in accord with the educational policy laid down by the Union :
(a) has the right to education;
(b) shall be given basic education which the Union prescribes by law as
compulsory;
(c) have the right to conduct scientific research explore science, work with
creativity and write to develop the arts and conduct research freely other
branches of culture.
367. Every citizen shall, in accord with the health policy laid down by the Union, have
the right to health care.
368. The Union shall honour and assist citizens who are outstanding in education
irrespective of race, religion and sex according to their qualifications.
152
364/ Edik if aH &;udpt ö vdiYk mS bmomomoemudk tvGo J ;kH pm;rjyK&/ xdjYk yif vlrsK;d a&;
aMumifah omfvnf;aumif;? bmoma&;aMumifah omfvnf;aumif; wpfzufEiS w hf pfzuf?
wpf*Pkd ;f ESiw
hf pf*P
kd ;f rke;f wD;jcif;? &efrjl cif;? pdw0f rf;uGjJ cif;wpfrsK;d rsK;d ay:aygufvmap&ef
&nf&, G af om odrYk [kwf ay:aygufvm&eftaMumif;&Sad om tjyKtrlonf þzGUJ pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ESifh qefYusifonf/ xdktjyKtrlrsKd;twGuf jypf'Pfay;Edkif&ef Oya'
jy|mef;Edik o
f nf/
365/ Edik if o H m;wdik ;f onf Oya'ESit hf nD rdrw d t

Ykd jrwfwEk;d xm;&Sad om pmay? ,Ofaus;rI?
tEkynmESi"hf avhx;kH wrf;wdu Yk kd vGwv f yfpmG jyKpyk sK;d axmifaqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &So
d nf/
,if;odaYk qmif&u G &f mwGif wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;udk xdyg;rIr&Sad p&ef a&SmifMuOf
&rnf/ xdjYk yif rdrw d \ Ykd aqmif&u G rf oI nf tjcm;wdik ;f &if;om; vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d udjk zpfap?
vlrsK;d rsm;udjk zpfap xdcu kd ef pfemapEdik v f Qif oufqikd o f rl sm;tcsi;f csi;f n§Ed idI ;f í ajyvnfrI
&&SNd y;D rSom aqmif&u G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
366/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf EdkifiHawmfucsrSwfxm;aom ynma&;qdkif&mrl0g'rsm;ESifh

tnD -
(u) ynmoifMum;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
( c ) Oya'jzifjh y|mef;onfh roifrae&tajccHynmrsm;udk oifMum;&rnf?
( * ) odyyHÜ nmpl;prf;&SmazGr?I pmayESihf tEkynmacwfrw D ;dk wufap&ef wDxiG f
MuHqazmfxkwfa&;om;rIESifh ,Ofaus;rIudpörsm;wGif vGwfvyfpGm
okawoejyK azmfxw k af qmif&u
G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
367/ Edik if o
H m;wkid ;f onf Ekid if aH wmfucsrw S x
f m;aom use;f rma&;qkid &f mrl0g'rsm;ESifh
tnD use;f rma&;apmifah &Smufru I dk cH,cl iG &fh o
dS nf/
368/ Edik if aH wmfonf ynm&nfx;l cReaf om Edik if o

H m;rsm;tm; vlrsK;d ? ud;k uG,&f mbmom?
trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;cGJjcm;rIrxm;&SdbJ ,if;wdkY\ t&nftcsif;tvdkuf csD;ajr§muf
axmufyrhH nf/
153
369. (a) Subject to this Constitution and relevant laws, every citizen has the
right to elect and right to be elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Amyotha
Hluttaw, and the Region or State Hluttaw.
(b) Relevant electorate has the right to recall a Hluttaw representative in accord
with the law.
370. Every citizen has, in accord with the law, the right to conduct business freely in the
Union, for national economic development.
371. The Union may assist the access to technology, investment, machinery, raw material,
so forth, for national economic development.
372. The Union guarantees the right to ownership, the use of property and the right to
private invention and patent in the conducting of business if it is not contrary to the provisions
of this Constitution and the existing laws.
373. Any person who committed a crime, shall be convicted only in accord with the
relevant law then in operation. Moreover, he shall not be penalized to a penalty greater
than that is applicable under that law.
374. Any person convicted or acquitted by a competent court for an offence shall not
be retried unless a superior court annuls the judgment and orders the retrial.
375. An accused shall have the right of defence in accord with the law.
153
369/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhjzpfap? oufqdkif&m
Oya'rsm;ESijhfzpfap rqefuY siv f Qif jynfov
Yl w
T af wmf? trsK;d om;vTwaf wmf?
wdik ;f a'oBu;D vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmf wpf&yf&yfwiG f
a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufciG Ehf iS hf a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) oufqdkif&m rJqE´&Sifrsm;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfrS vTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,uf kd Oya'ESit
hf nD wm0efrS jyefvnf½yk o f rd ;f cGi&hf o dS nf/
370/ EdkifiHom;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftwGif; trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&; zGHUNzKd;wdk;wufapa&;

twGuf pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk Oya'ESit
hf nD vGwv
f yfpmG vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G cf iG &hf o
dS nf/
371/ EdkifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;pD;yGm;a&;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapa&;twGuf enf;ynm?

t&if;tES;D ? pufryI pön;f ? ukeMf urf; tp&So
d nfwu
Ykd kd &&Sad p&efun
l rD nf/
372/ þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;yg

jy|mef;csurf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; rqefu Y siaf pbJ pD;yGm;a&;udprö sm;udk aqmif&u G &f mwGif
ypön;f ydik q
f idk cf iG ?hf oH;k pGcJ iG Ehf iS hf ud,
k yf ikd w
f xD iG cf iG ?hf rlyikd cf iG w
hf u
Ykd kd Edik if aH wmfu tmrcHonf/
373/ jypfru I sL;vGeo

f l rnfou Yl rkd qdk ,if;jypfru I sL;vGeo
f nft
h csed u
f twnfjzpfvsuf
&Sdaom oufqdkif&mOya't&om jypfrIxif&Sm;pD&if&rnf/ xdkYjyif ,if;Oya't&
csrwS Ef ikd af om jypf'Pfxufyí kd csrw S jf cif;rjyK&/
374/ wpfO;D wpfa,mufonf pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf adS omw&m;½H;k u jypfrw I pf&yftwGuf jypfrI
xif&mS ;pD&ifjcif;cH&vQijf zpfap? trIrt S Ny;D tjywfvw T jf cif;cH&vQijf zpfap tqdyk gjypfrI
xif&mS ;pD&ifonfph &D ifcsuf odrYk [kwf trIrt S Ny;D tjywfvw T of nfph &D ifcsuuf kd tqifjh rifh
w&m;½H;k uy,fzsuNf y;D trIut kd opfwpfzefjyefvnfppfaq;ap&ef trdecYf srw S o f nft
h cg
rSwpfyg; ,if;jypfrt I wGuf xdo k t
l m; xyfrpH pfaq;jcif;rjyK&/
375/ jypfru
I sL;vGeaf Mumif; pGypf cGJ &H olwpfO;D OD;onf Oya'ESit
fh nD ckcaH csycGi&hf adS p&rnf/
154
376. No person shall, except matters on precautionary measures taken for the security
of the Union or prevalence of law and order, peace and tranquility in accord with the law
in the interest of the public, or the matters permitted according to an existing law, be held
in custody for more than 24 hours without the remand of a competent magistrate.
377. In order to obtain a right given by this Chapter, application shall be made in accord
with the stipulations, to the Supreme Court of the Union.
378. (a) In connection with the filing of application for rights granted under this
Chapter, the Supreme Court of the Union shall have the power to issue
the following writs as suitable :
(1) Writ of Habeas Corpus;
(2) Writ of Mandamus;
(3) Writ of Prohibition;
(4) Writ of Quo Warranto;
(5) Writ of Certiorari.
(b) The right to issue writs by the Supreme Court of the Union shall not affect
the power of other courts to issue order that has the nature of writs
according to the existing laws.
379. At the time of the occurrence the following situation, the rights under Section 377
shall not be suspended unless the public safety may so require :
(a) in time of war;
(b) in time of foreign invasion;
(c) in time of insurrection.
154
376/ Edik if aH wmfvNkH cKH a&;? w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;? trsm;jynfoal t;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf
trsm;jynfot l usK;d iSm Oya'ESit hf nD BuKw
d ifumuG,x f m;&S&d efvt kd yfaomudpö okrYd [kwf
wnfqOJ ya'wpf&yf&yft& cGijhf yKonfu h pd rö w
S pfyg; pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf adS om w&m;olBu;D \
csKyrf ed rYf &&Sb
d J rnfou Yl rkd Q 24 em&Dxufyí kd csKyaf ESmifjcif;rjyK&/
377/ þtcef ; ü ay;tyf x m;aom tcG i f h t a&;wpf & yf & yf u d k &,l v d k y gvQif
owfrw
S cf surf sm;ESit
hf nD jynfaxmifpw
k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo
f Ykd avQmufxm;ydik cf iG hf &S&d rnf/
378/ (u) þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;aomtcGit hf a&;rsm;ESiphf yfvsO;f í avQmufxm;

vmonfu h pd &ö yfrsm;wGif jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f nf atmuf
azmfjyyg pmcReaf wmftrdew Yf pf&yf&yfukd oifah vsmo f nft h wkid ;f xkwq
f ifh
ay;cGit hf mPm&S&d rnf -
(1) a&SUawmfoiG ;f pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(2) tmPmay;pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(3) wm;jrpfappmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(4) tmPmydik af r;pmcReaf wmftrde?Yf
(5) trIac:pmcReaf wmftrde/Yf
(c) jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyo f Ykd tyfEiS ;f onfph mcReaf wmftrderYf sm;
xkwfqifhcGifhtmPmonf tjcm;w&m;½kH;rsm;tm; wnfqJOya'rsm;
t& tyfESif;xm;onfh pmcRefawmftrdefYoabmrsKd;oufa&mufonfh
trdex Yf w k qf ifyh ikd cf iG t
hf mPmudk rxdcu kd af p&/
379/ atmufazmfjyyg tajctaewpf&yf&yfay:aygufcsed w f iG f trsm;jynfov

l jkH cKH a&;
twGuf vdktyfonfhudpörSwpfyg; yk'fr 377 yg tcGifhta&;rsm;awmif;cHydkifcGifhudk
&yfqikd ;f xm;jcif;rjyK& -
(u) ppfrufjzpfymG ;csed ?f
( c ) wkid ;f wpfyg;rS usL;ausm0f ifa&mufwu kd cf u
kd cf sed ?f
( * ) qlyal omif;use;f rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsed /f
155
380. Every citizen who has relations with foreign countries shall have the right to seek
protection of the Union at home or abroad.
381. Except in the following situations and time, no citizen shall be denied redress by
due process of law for grievances entitled under law :
(a) in time of foreign invasion;
(b) in time of insurrection;
(c) in time of emergency.
382. In order to carry out their duties fully and to maintain the discipline by the Defence
Forces personnel or members of the armed forces responsible to carry out peace and
security, the rights given in this Chapter shall be restricted or revoked through enactment
to law.
383. Every citizen has the duty to uphold :

(a) non-disintegration of the Union;
(b) non-disintegration of national solidarity;
(c) perpetuation of sovereignty.
384. Every citizen has duty to abide by the provisions of this Constitution.
385. Every citizen has the duty to safeguard independence, sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
386. Every citizen has the duty to undergo military training in accord with the provisions
of the law and to serve in the Armed Forces to defend the Union.
155
380/ EdkifiHjcm;wkdif;wpfyg;ESifhqufqHaom EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf jynfwGif;üjzpfap?
jynfyüjzpfap Edik if aH wmf\umuG,af pmifah &Smufru
I kd awmif;cHciG &hf o
dS nf/
381/ atmuffazmfjyyg tajctaeESifhtcsdeftcgrSwpfyg; EkdifiHom;rsm;\w&m;0if

&ydik cf iG &hf adS om epfemcsurf sm;twGuf Oya'jzifo h wfrw S xf m;aom &,lyikd cf iG rhf sm;udk
jiif;y,fjcif;rjyK& -
(u) wkid ;f wpfyg;rS usL;ausm0f ifa&mufwu dk cf u
kd cf sed ?f
( c ) qlyal omif;use;f rIrsm; jzpfay:aecsed ?f
( * ) ta&;ay:tajctae jzpfay:aecsed /f
382/ umuG,fa&;wyfzGJU0ifrsm; odkYr[kwf Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;ESifh vHkjcHKa&;wm0ef

xrf;aqmif&aomwyfzGJU0ifrsm;tm; ,if;wdkY\wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ausyGefpGm
xrf;aqmifEidk af &;ESihf pnf;urf;ao0yfrrI sm;&Sad pa&;wdt
Yk wGuf þtcef;ü ay;tyfxm;
aomtcGifhta&;rsm;teuf uefYowf&ef odkYr[kwf zsufodrf;&ef vdktyfaom
tcGithf a&;rsm;udk Oya'jy|mef;í uefo Y wfjcif; odrYk [kwf zsuof rd ;f jcif;jyK&rnf/
383/ Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf atmufygwdu
Yk kd apmifx h ed ;f &efwm0ef&o
dS nf -
(u) jynfaxmifprk NyKd uaJG &;?
( c ) wkid ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G rf rI NyKd uaJG &;?
( * ) tcsKyt f jcmtmPmwnfwcHh ikd Nf raJ &;/
384/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;udk vdkufem

apmifx
h ed ;f &ef wm0ef&o
dS nf/
385/ jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmf\ vGwv f yfa&;? tcsKyt f jcmtmPmESihf

e,fajrwnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;wkuYd kd umuG,af pmifah &Smufa&;onf Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f \ wm0ef
jzpfonf/
386/ EkdifiHom;wkdif;onf Oya'jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD ppfynmoifMum;&efESifh

Edik if aH wmfumuG,af &;twGuf ppfrx
I rf;&efwm0ef&o
dS nf/
156
387. Every citizen, with the Union Spirit, has the duty to enhance unity among national
races and to ensure public peace and stability.
388. Every citizen has the duty for the emergence of a modern developed Nation.
389. Every citizen has the duty to pay taxes to be levied according to the law.
390. Every citizen has the duty to assist the Union in carrying out the following matters :
(a) preservation and safeguarding of cultural heritage;
(b) environmental conservation;
(c) striving for development of human resources;
(d) protection and preservation of public property.
156
387/ EdkifiHom;wkdif;onf jynfaxmifpkpdwf"mwfudktajccHí wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;
tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;ESifh jynfolwpf&yfvHk;at;csrf;om,ma&;wdkYtwGuf
BuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwaf qmif&u
G &f ef wm0ef&o
dS nf/
388/ acwfrzD UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufaom Edik if aH wmfBu;D ay:xGe;f apa&;onf Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f \
wm0efjzpfonf/
389/ Ed k i f i H o m;wd k i f ; onf Oya't& ay;aqmif & rnf h t cG e f t aumuf r sm;ud k

ay;aqmif&ef wm0ef&o dS nf/
390/ Ekid if o
H m;wkid ;f onf atmufazmfjyygudp&ö yfrsm;wGif Ekid if aH wmftm; uln&D ef
wm0ef&odS nf -
(u) trsK;d om;,Ofaus;rItarGtESpu f kd xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufjcif;?
( c ) obm0ywf0ef;usiu f kd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufjcif;?
( * ) vlpY rG ;f tm;t&if;tjrpfzUGH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&; jrifrh m;vmap&ef BuKd ;yrf;jcif;?
(C) trsm;jynfoyl ikd yf pön;f rsm;ukd xde;f odr;f apmihaf &Smufjcif;/
Chapter IX
Election
tcef; (9)
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;
Chapter IX
ELECTION
Election of People’s Representatives to the Hluttaws

391. In electing people’s representatives to the Hluttaws :
(a) every citizen who has attained 18 years of age on the day on which the
election commences, who is not disqualified by law, who is eligible to
vote, and person who has the right to vote under the law, shall have the
right to vote;
(b) every citizen who is eligible to vote and person who has the right to vote
under the law shall cast a vote only for each Hluttaw at a constituency in
an election;
(c) Moreover, the relevant national races having right to vote in accord with
the provisions contained in this Constitution have also the right to vote to
elect Hluttaw representatives of national races for their Region or State
Hluttaw;
(d) secret balloting system shall be practised.
392. The following persons shall have no right to vote :

(a) members of religious orders;
(b) persons serving prison terms;
(c) persons determined to be of unsound mind and stands so declared by a
competent Court;
(d) persons who have not yet been declared free from insolvent;
(e) persons disqualified by election law.
393. A Hluttaw candidate has, in an election :

(a) the right to be elected to one Hluttaw only;
(b) the right to stand for one constituency only.
tcef;(9)
a&G ; aumuf w if a jr§ m uf j cif ;
vTwaf wmfrsm;odYk jynfou Yl , kd pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;

391/ vTwaf wmfrsm;odYk jynfou Yl ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&mwGif -
(u) a&G;aumufypJG wifusi;f yonfah eY&ufü touf 18 ESpf jynfí h Oya't&
t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfonfhtjyif qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdaom
Edik if o
H m;ESihf Oya't& qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o dS w
l ikd ;f onf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
( c ) qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf adS omEdik if oH m;ESihf Oya't& qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o dS w l ikd ;f onf
a&G;aumufyw JG pf&yfü rJqEé,fwpfe,fwiG f vTwaf wmfwpf&yfpt D wGuf
qE´rw J pfroJ m ay;ydik cf iG &hf odS nf?
( * ) xkjYd yif þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD qE´raJ y;ydik f
cGifh&Sdaom oufqdkif&mwkdif;&if;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY\wdkif;a'oBuD;
odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmftwGuf wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;vTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajrm§ uf&mwGiv f nf; qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG hf
&So d nf?
(C) vQKUd 0Suq f E´raJ y;jcif;pepfuu kd sio
hf ;Hk &rnf/
392/ atmufygyk*Kd¾ vrf sm;onf qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG rhf &Sad p& -

(u) omoemh0efxrf;rsm;?
( c ) axmif'PfuscaH e&olrsm;?
( * ) pdwaf yghoyG af eonf[k oufqikd &f mOya'u jy|mef;xm;onft h wkid ;f
owfrw S jf cif;cH&olrsm;?
(C) vlrt JG jzpf qk;H jzwfaMunmcHxm;&jcif;rS vGwaf jrmufciG rhf &ao;olrsm;?
( i ) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f mOya't& wm;jrpfjcif;cH&olrsm;/
393/ vTwaf wmfu,

kd pf m;vS,af vmif;wpfO;D onf a&G;aumufywJG pf&yfwiG f -
(u) vTwaf wmfwpf&yftwGuo f m a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
( c ) rJqEé,fwpfe,fwiG o f m a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufc&H ef,OS Nf yKd icf iG &hf o
dS nf/
158
394. (a) The electorate residing in the Union Territory or Union Territories
designated by enactment of Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law have the right to
elect the Pyithu Hluttaw and Amyotha Hluttaw representatives only.
(b) A Region or State Hluttaw representative elected from a territory designated
as a Union Territory through enactment of a Pyidaungsu Hluttaw law, save
as otherwise provided by the law, shall not continue to stand as a
representative of the said Hluttaw.
395. Every citizen who is not disqualified by the provisions under this Constitution or
the provisions of the election law shall have the right to stand for election to any Hluttaw.
Recalling a representative of the Hluttaw
396. (a) A representative of the Hluttaw may be recalled on any of the following
reasons :
(1) high treason;
(2) breach of any provision of this Constitution;
(3) misbehavior;
(4) disqualification prescribed in this Constitution for the Hluttaw
representative;
(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to.
(b) A minimum of one percent out of the original voters of the electorate of the
constituency concerned shall submit the complaint to the Union Election
Commission against the Hluttaw representative on whom it wishes to recall.
158
394/ (u) jynfaxmifpek ,fajr odUk r[kwf jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;
í owfrw S x f m;aom jynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;twGi;f rSw D if;aexdik Mf u
aom rJqE´&Sifrsm;onf jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;vTwfawmf
ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udo k m a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufciG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpv k wT af wmfu Oya'jy|mef;í jynfaxmifpek ,fajrtjzpf
owfrw S v
f ukd af om e,fajrwpfcck rk S a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufxm;onfh
wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fvw T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,of nf Oya'wGif
oD;jcm;cGifhjyKxm;jcif;r&SdvQif ,if;vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
qufvuf&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad p&/
395/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csurf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? a&G;aumuf

wifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f m Oya'ygjy|mef;csurf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? t&nftcsi;f
ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfygu EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf vTwfawmfwpf&yf&yfodkY a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufcyH ikd cf iG &hf odS nf/
vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fwm0efrS jyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;
396/ (u) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f pfO;D udk atmufygtaMumif;wpf&yf&yfaMumifh
wm0efrjS yefvnf½yk o f rd ;f cGi&hf odS nf -
(1) Edik if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(4) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif owfrw S xf m;onfh oufqidk &f m
vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,\ f t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
( c ) oufqikd &f mrJqEé,f\rlvrJqE´&iS rf sm;teuf tenf;qk;H wpf&mckid Ef eI ;f
wdkYu wm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;vkdaom vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fESihf
ywfoufonhw f ikd wf ef;csuu f kd jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Six f H
wifjy&rnf?
159
(c) The Union Election Commission shall conduct the investigation in accord
with the law.
(d) In conducting the investigation on an allegation made to a Hluttaw
representative, he has a right to defend himself in person or through an
agent.
(e) If the Union Election Commission considers that the allegation is true and
that the alleged person should not continue to serve as a Hluttaw
representative any longer, the Union Election Commission shall proceed
in accord with the law.
397. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact the necessary laws on matters relating to
‘Election’ and on matters relating to ‘Recall’.
Formation of the Union Election Commission

398. (a) The President shall constitute a Union Election Commission. In constituting
the Commission, he may appoint a minimum of five members including the
chairman of the Union Election Commission in accord with the provisions
on appointment of the Union Minister prescribed in this Constitution.
(b) The chairman and members of the Union Election Commission shall be
persons who :
(1) have attained 50 years of age;
(2) with the exception of the age limit, shall have the qualifications
prescribed for the Pyithu Hluttaw representatives;
(3) (aa) have served in the position of the Chief Justice of the Union
or Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union or Judge of
the High Court of the Region or State or a similar position
for a minimum of five years; or
159
(*) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f Oya'ESit fh nDppHk rf;ppfaq;&rnf?
(C) pGypf cJG suu
f pkd pHk rf;ppfaq;onht f cg oufqikd &f mvTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
udk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif;? udk,fpm;vS,fjzihf aomfvnf;aumif;
acsycGiafh y;&rnf?
(i) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siu f xdpk yG pf cJG suo f nfreS u f efNy;D pGypf cJG H
&olonf vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf qufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef
roihaf Mumif; oabm&&Sv d Qif jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sio f nf
Oya'ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
397/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf a&G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;qdkif&m udpörsm;ESihf

pyfvsOf;ívnf;aumif;? wm0efrSjyefvnf½kyfodrf;jcif;qdkif&m udpörsm;ESihfpyfvsOf;í
vnf;aumif; vkt
d yfaomOya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/
jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif zJGUpnf;jcif;
398/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif wpf&yfukd
zGJUpnf;&rnf/ ,if;odkYzGJUpnf;&mwGif þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D cefx
Y m;jcif;ESipfh yfvsO;f onhf jy|mef;csurf sm;ESit
fh nD
jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|tygt0if tzGUJ 0if tenf;qk;H
ig;OD;udk ceft
Y yfwm0efay;Edik o
f nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|ESifh tzGUJ 0ifrsm;onf -

(1) touf 50 ESpf jynfNh y;D oljzpf&rnf?
(2) toufuefo Y wfcsurf tS y jynfov Yl w T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;
twGuf owfrw S x f m;onht f &nftcsi;f rsm;ESifh jynfph o Hk jl zpf&rnf?
(3) (uu) jynfaxmifpkw&m;olBuD;csKyf odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpk
w&m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf w&m;olBu;D tjzpfjzpfap? wdik ;f a'o
BuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwfawmfw&m;olBuD;
tjzpf jzpfap? tvm;wl&mxl;wm0ef wpfcck w k iG jf zpfap
tenf;qk;H ig;ESpf aqmif&u G cf o
hJ jl zpf&rnf odrYk [kwf
160
(bb) have served in the position of the judicial officer or the
law officer not lower than the rank of the Region or State
level for a period of 10 years; or
(cc) have served as a practising lawyer for a minimum of 20
years as an Advocate; or
(dd) shall be deemed by the President to be an eminent person.
(4) shall have integrity and experience;
(5) shall be not relevant with the provisions for disqualification of
election as the Pyithu Hluttaw representative;
(6) shall be loyal to the State and its citizens;
(7) shall not be a member of a political party;
(8) shall not be a Hluttaw representative;
(9) shall not be a person who accepts the position that entitles salary,
allowance or money.
Duties of the Union Election Commission

399. The duties of the Union Election Commission are as follows :
(a) holding Hluttaw elections;
(b) supervising Hluttaw elections; forming different levels of sub-commissions
and supervising thereof;
(c) designating and amending the constituencies;
(d) compiling lists of voters and amending thereof;
(e) postponing elections of the constituencies where free and fair election
cannot be held due to natural disaster or due to local security situation;
160
( c c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftqifx h ufredrahf om
w&m;a&;t&m&Sd odkYr[kwf Oya't&m&Sd&mxl;wGif
tenf;qkH; 10 ESpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholjzpf&rnf
odrYk [kwf
( * * ) w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUaetjzpf tenf;qkH; 20 ESpf trI
vku d yf gaqmif&u G cf ohJ jl zpf&rnf odrYk [kwf
(CC) xifay:ausmMf um;onhf *kPo f wif;&Sad om yk*K¾d vtf jzpf
Edik if aH wmfor®wu ,lqoljzpf&rnf/
(4) odum© orm"dEiS jfh ynfph NHk y;D tawGUtBuK&H ihu f suo f l jzpf&rnf?
(5) jynfolYvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a&G;aumufwifajr§muf
cHyidk cf iG rfh &Sad paom jy|mef;csurf sm;ESifh Nipd eG ;f jcif;r&So d l jzpf&rnf?
(6) Edik if aH wmfEiS fh Edik if o H m;rsm;tay:opöm&So d jl zpf&rnf?
(7) Edik if aH &;ygwD0ifr[kwo f jl zpf&rnf?
(8) vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf [kwo f jl zpf&rnf?
(9) vpm? p&d w f ? aMu;aiG & aomtjcm;rnf o nf h & mxl ; ud k r Q
vufcjH cif;rjyKol jzpf&rnf/
jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f wm0efrsm;

399/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f wm0efrsm;rSmatmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf -
(u) vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f yjcif;?
( c ) vTwaf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk Bu;D Muyfjcif;? aumfr&Sit f zGUJ cGt
J qifq
h ifu
h kd
zGUJ pnf;jcif;ESihf Bu;D Muyfapjcif;?
( * ) rJqEé,frsm;owfrw S jf cif;ESihf jyifqifowfrwS jf cif;?
(C) rJpm&if;rsm;jyKpjk cif;ESihf jyifqifjcif;?
( i ) obm0ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifh aomfvnf;aumif;? e,fajrvHkjcHKa&;
tajctaet& aomfvnf;aumif; vGwfvyfNyD;w&m;rQwaom
a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yEdik jf cif;r&So d nfh rJqEé,frsm;\ a&G;aumufyrJG sm;udk
a&TUqdik ;f jcif;?
161
(f) prescribing rules relating to elections or political parties in accord with the
provisions of this Constitution, and procedures, directives, so forth, in
accord with the relevant laws;
(g) constituting the election tribunals for trial of disputes relating to election in
accord with the law;
(h) performing duties assigned under a law.
Impeachment of the Chairman or the members of the Union Election Commission

400. (a) The President may impeach the Chairman or the members of the Union
Election Commission for one of the following reasons :
(1) high treason;
(2) breach of any provision of this Constitution;
(3) misconduct;
(4) disqualification on conditions prescribed for the representative
concerned prescribe in this Constitution;
(5) inefficient discharge of duties assigned to.
(b) Impeachment shall be conducted in accord with the procedure laid down
in this Constitution relating to the impeachment of the Chief Justice of the
Union or a Judge of the Supreme Court of the Union.
401. (a) If the Chairman or a member of the Union Election Commission during
this term of service wishes to resign on his own accord due to any reason,
he may submit his resignation in writing to the President.
(b) If the seat of the Chairman or the member of the Union Election Commission
is vacant due to resignation, termination of duties, death or any other reason,
161
(p) a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m odrYk [kwf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;qdik &f m enf;Oya'rsm;udk
þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vnf;aumif;?
vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;? ñTeMf um;csupf onfrsm;udk oufqikd &f mOya'rsm;
ESit
hf nDvnf;aumif; xkwjf yefjcif;?
(q) a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;udk ppfaq;Edik af &;twGuf Oya'ESihf
tnD a&G;aumufycJG t kH zGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;?
(Z) Oya'wpf&yf&yft& ay;tyfonfw h m0efrsm;udk xrf;aqmifjcif;/
jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; pGypf jGJ ypfwifjcif;
400/ (u) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf
tzG J U 0if w pf O D ; OD ; tm; atmuf y gtaMumif ; wpf & yf & yf j zih f pG y f p G J
jypfwifEikd of nf –
(1) Edik if aH wmf\ aus;Zl;opömawmfukd azmufzsujf cif;?
(2) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGejf cif;?
(3) tusio hf u d m© ysujf ym;jcif;?
(4) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'wGif oufqikd &f myk*Kd¾ vt f wGuf owfrw S f
xm;onfh t&nftcsi;f ysu, f iG ;f jcif;?
(5) Oya't& ay;tyfaomwm0efrsm;udk ausyeG pf mG raqmif&u G jf cif;/
( c ) jynfaxmifpw k &m;olBu;D csKyf odrYk [kwf jynfaxmifpw k &m;vTwaf wmfcsKyf
w&m;olBu;D wpfO;D OD;udk pGypf jJG ypfwifjcif;ESifh pyfvsO;f onhf þzGUJ pnf;ykH
tajccHOya'yg jy|mef;xm;onhef nf;vrf;rsm;ESit fh nD aqmif&u G &f rnf/
401/ (u) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifonf

&mxl;wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf taMumif;wpfcck ak Mumifh rdro d abmqE´
tavsmuf &mxl;rSEw k xf u
G v f v
kd Qif xdo
k EYkd w
k x f u
G v
f akd Mumif; Edik if aH wmf
or®wxH pmjzifw h ifjyNy;D &mxl;rSEw k xf uG Ef ikd o
f nf?
(c) &mxl;rSEw
k x
f uG jf cif;aMumifjh zpfap? wm0efr&S yfpcJ &H jcif;aMumifjh zpfap?
uG,fvGefjcif;aMumifhjzpfap? tjcm;taMumif;wpfckckaMumifhjzpfap
162
the President may appoint a new Chairman, or a member of the Union
Election Commission in accord with the provisions of appointment of a
Union Minister prescribed in this Constitution.
(c) If the Chairman or member of the Union Election Commission is a Civil
Services Personnel it shall be deemed that he has been retired from service
in accord with the existing service regulations from the day of appointment
of the Chairman or member of the Union Election Commission.
Resolutions and Functions of the Union Election Commission

402. The resolutions and functions made by the Union Election Commission on the
following matters shall be final and conclusive :
(a) election functions;
(b) appeals and revisions relating to the resolutions and orders of the election
tribunals;
(c) matters taken under the law relating to political party.
403. Duties, powers and privileges of the Chairman and members of the Union Election
Commission shall be prescribed by law.
162
jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifae&m
vpfvyfvQif EdkifiHawmfor®wonf þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg
jynfaxmifp0k efBu;D cefx Y m;jcif;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;ESithf nD
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifOuú|topf odkYr[kwf tzGJU0iftopftm;
ceft Y yfwm0efay;Edik o f nf?
(*) jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif Ouú| odkYr[kwf tzGJU0ifonf
Edik if 0Hh efxrf;jzpfvQif jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú| odrYk [kwf
tzGUJ 0iftjzpf ceft Y yfwm0efay;jcif;cH&onfah eYrpS í wnfq0J efxrf;
pnf;rsO;f ? pnf;urf;rsm;ESit hf nD Edik if 0Hh efxrf;tjzpfrS tNird ;f pm;,lNy;D
jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf/
jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\ qHk;jzwfcsufESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;

402/ atmufygudpö&yfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í jynfaxmifpka&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif\
qH;k jzwfcsuEf iS hf aqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf tNy;D tjywftwnfjzpfap&rnf –
(u) a&G;aumufwifajrm§ ufjcif;qdik &f mvkyif ef;rsm;?
( c ) a&G;aumufycJG t kH zGUJ rsm;\ qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;? trderYf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f onfh
t,lcrH rI sm;ESihf jyifqifrrI sm;?
( * ) Edik if aH &;ygwDqikd &f m Oya't&aqmif&u G af omudp&ö yfrsm;/
403/ jynfaxmifpak &G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiOf uú|ESihf tzGUJ 0ifrsm;\wm0efrsm;? vkyyf ikd f

cGirhf sm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk Oya'jy|mef;owfrw
S &f rnf/
Chapter X
Political Parties
tcef; (10)
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;
Chapter X
POLITICAL PARTIES
Formation of the Political Parties

404. A political party shall :
(a) set the objective of non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of
national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty;
(b) be loyal to the State.
405. A political party shall :

(a) accept and practise a genuine and discipline-flourishing multi-party
democratic system;
(b) abide by and respect this Constitution and the existing laws;
(c) form and register as a political party in accord with the law.
406. A political party shall, in accord with the law, have the right in the Union to :
(a) organize freely;
(b) participate and compete in the elections.
The right of Non-Existence of Political Parties

407. If a political party infringe one of the following stipulations, it shall have no right of
continued existence :
(a) having been declared an unlawful association under the existing law;
(b) directly or indirectly contacting or abetting the insurgent group launching
armed rebellion against the Union or the associations and persons
determined by the Union to have committed terrorist acts or the association
declared to be an unlawful association;
tcef;(10)
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;
EkdifiHa&;ygw
&;ygwDDrsm;zJGUpnf;jcif;
404/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yfonf –
(u) jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;ESifh
tcsKyt f jcmtmPmwnfwchH ikd Nf raJ &;wdu Yk kd OD;wnfcsux
f m;&S&d rnf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmf\aus;Zl;opömudk apmiho f ½d akd o&rnf/
405/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yfonf –

(u) ppfreS í f pnf;urf;jynf0h aom ygwDp'kH rD ukd a&pDpepfukd vufcu
H siohf ;kH &rnf?
( c ) þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESihf wnfqOJ ya'rsm;udk av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnf?
( * ) Edik if aH &;ygwDtjzpf Oya'ESit hf nD zGUJ pnf;rSwyf w
kH ifxm;&rnf/
406/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yfonf Edik if aH wmftwGi;f Oya'ESit hf nD -

(u) vGwv f yfpmG pnf;½H;k cGi&fh o
dS nf?
( c ) a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif yg0if,OS Nf yKd icf iG &hf o
dS nf/
Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm; qufvuf&yfwnfyidk cf iG rhf &Sjd cif;

407/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf atmufygtaMumif;wpfcck Ek iS hf Nipd eG ;f vQif qufvuf
&yfwnfyikd cf iG rhf &Sad p& -
(u) wnfqOJ ya't& rw&m;toif;tjzpf aMunmcH&jcif;?
( c ) Edik if aH wmftm; vufeufpu JG ikd í
f awmfveS yf ek u
f efaeaom aomif;use;f ol
tzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf tMurf;zufvkyf&yfrsm;ukd usL;vGefonf[k
EkdifiHawmfu owfrSwfaomtzJGUtpnf;ESifh yk*¾dKvfrsm; okdYr[kwf
rw&m;toif;tjzpf aMunmcHxm;&aom tzJUG tpnf;ESihf wdu k ½f u kd f
jzpfap? oG,0f u kd í
f jzpfap qufo, G jf cif; okrYd [kwf tm;ay;ulnjD cif;?
164
(c) directly or indirectly receiving and expending financial, material and other
assistance from a foreign government, a religious association, other
association or a person from a foreign country;
(d) abusing religion for political purpose.
408. If the body having authority to register political parties finds that a political party
infringes one of the stipulations contained in Section 407, the party’s registration shall be
revoked.
409. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw shall enact necessary laws concerning political parties.
164
(*) Edik if jH cm;wdik ;f jynfwpfcck rk S tpd;k & odrYk [kwf bmoma&;tzGUJ tpnf;
odrYk [kwf tjcm;tzGUJ tpnf;wpfcck k odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;xHrS aiGaMu;?
ypön;f ? tjcm;taxmuftyHu h kd wduk ½f u kd jf zpfap? oG,0f u kd í
f jzpfap
&,lo;kH pGjJ cif;?
(C) bmoma&;udk Edik if aH &;twGuf tvGo J ;kH pm;jyKjcif;/
408/ Edik if aH &;ygwDwpf&yf&yfonf yk'rf 407 yg jy|mef;csuw

f pf&yf&yfEiS hf Nipd eG ;f aMumif;
rSwfyHkwifcGifhay;Edkifaom tzGJUtpnf;uawGU&SdvQif EdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpf rSwfyHk
wifxm;jcif;udyk ,fzsu&f rnf/
409/ jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfonf EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;onfh vdktyfaom

Oya'rsm;udk jy|mef;&rnf/
Chapter XI
Provisions on State of
Emergency
tcef; (11)
ta&;ay:umvqdkif&m jy|mef;csufrsm;
Chapter XI
Provisions on State of Emergency
410. If the President learns that or if the respective local administrative body submits
that the administrative functions cannot be carried out in accord with the Constitution
in a Region or a State or a Union territory or a Self-Administered Area, he may, after
coordinating with the National Defence and Security Council, promulgate an ordinance
and declare a state of emergency.
411. In the matter concerning the declaration of a state of emergency in accord with
Section 410, the President :
(a) may exercise the executive power of a Region or a State or a Self-

Administered Area concerned. Moreover, he may form an appropriate
body or a suitable person and entrust the said executive power;
(b) in doing so, if necessary, has the right to exercise the legislative power
only for executive matters from among the matters that may be legislated
by the respective Region, State or Self-Administered Areas. However,
the legislative power shall not be empowered on any body or any person.
412. (a) If the President, learns that or if the respective local administrative body
submits that there arises or is sufficient reason to arise a state of emergency
endangering the lives, shelter and property of the public in a Region or a
tcef;(11)
ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mjy|mef;csufrsm;
410/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? jynfaxmifpek ,fajr

wpfckwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&m
vkyfief;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD aqmif&GufEdkifpGrf;
r&SdaMumif; od&SdvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? oufqdkif&ma'otmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;u
wifjyvQiaf omfvnf;aumif; Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESiv fh NkH cKH a&;
aumifpDESihfn§dEdIif;NyD; Oya'uJhodkY tmPmwnfonfhtrdefYxkwfjyefí ta&;ay:
tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf/
411/ yk'rf 410 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfu h pd &ö yfwiG f Ekid if aH wmf
or®wonf -
(u) oufqdkif&mwdkif;a'oBuD;? jynfe,f odkYr[kwf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&
pD&ifpk\ tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk &,loHk;pJGcGifh&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif ,if;
tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmudk oihaf vsmo f nfh tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf zGUJ pnf;í
jzpfap? oihaf vsmo f nfh yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap tyfEiS ;f aqmif&u G af p
Ekid o
f nf?
(c) ,if;odaYk qmif&u G &f mwGif vdt k yfygu oufqikd &f mwdik ;f a'oBu;D ? jynfe,f
odrYk [kwf ud,k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf pD&ifprk sm;u Oya'jyKyikd cf iG &fh adS omudp&ö yfrsm;
teuf tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f mudp&ö yfrsm;twGuf Oya'jyKciG t fh mPmudo k m
usihfoHk;cGifh&Sdonf/ odkY&mwGif Oya'jyKcGihftmPmudkrl rnfonfhtzJGU
tpnf; odrYk [kwf rnfonfyh *k K¾d vu f rkd Q tyfEiS ;f aqmif&u G af pjcif;rjyK&/
412/ (u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D wpfcw

k iG jf zpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwiG jf zpfap? jynfaxmifpk
e,fajrwpfckwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& pD&ifpkwpfpkwGifjzpfap?
,if;wdkY\ wpfpdwfwpfa'owGifjzpfap jynfolrsm;\touftdk;tdrf
166
state or a Union Territory or a Self-Administered Area, after co-ordinating
with the National Defence and Security Council, may promulgate an
ordinance and declare a state of emergency.
(b) If all the members are unable to attend the meeting held by the President
to co-ordinate with the National Defence and Security Council under Sub-
Section (a), the President may declare in time a state of emergency after
co-ordinating with the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the
Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, the Minister for
Defence, and the Minister for Home Affairs who are members. The said
declaration shall be submitted to the National Defence and Security Council
for approval as soon as possible.
413. According to Section 412, concerning the declaration of a state of emergency :

(a) the local administrative bodies and their members and the Civil Services
organizations and their members may obtain the assistance of the Defence
Services to effectively carry out their duties in accord with the existing
laws in order to quickly restore to its original situation in an area where the
declaration of a state of emergency has been in operation;
(b) the President may, if necessary, declare a military administrative order. In
the said order, the executive powers and duties and the judicial powers
and duties concerning community peace and tranquillity and prevalence of
law and order shall be conferred on the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may
166
pnf;pdru f kd xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyKrnfh ta&;ay:tajctaeay:aygufvQif
odkYr[kwf xdkodkYay:ayguf&ef vHkavmufaomtaMumif;&SdaMumif;
od&SdvQifaomfvnf;aumif;? xdkodkYay:ayguf&ef vkHavmufaom
taMumif;&SdaMumif; oufqdkif&ma'o tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;u
wif j yvQif a omf v nf ; aumif ; Ed k i f i H a wmf o r® w onf trsKd ; om;
umuG,fa&;ESihf vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDESihf n§dEIdif;NyD; Oya'uJhodkY tmPm
wnfonfh trdex Yf wk jf yefí ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf?
(c) yk'rf cGJ (u) t& Edik if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh vkNH cKaH &;
aumifpED iS fh n§Ed idI ;f &mwGif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;pkn
H pD mG wufa&mufEikd jf cif;r&Syd gu
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;jzpfaom wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKy?f 'kw, d wyfrawmf
umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyf? umuG,fa&;0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;? jynfxJa&;
0efBuD;Xme 0efBuD;wdkYESihf n§dEIdif;NyD; ta&;ay:tajctaeudk tcsdefrD
xkwfjyefaMunmEdkifonf/ ,if;odkY xkwfjyefaMunmcsufudk trsKd;om;
umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDodkY tjrefqkH;wifjy twnfjyKcsuf
&,l&rnf/
413/ yk'rf 412 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonfh udp&ö yfwiG f -
(u) ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmcsuf tusK;d oufa&mufonfeh ,fajra'o
twGi;f rlvtajctaeodYk tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&adS pjcif;iSm a'oqdik &f m
tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifrsm;? e,fbufqdkif&m
0efxrf;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;? ,if;tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;u wnfqOJ ya'rsm;ESifh
tnD wm0efxrf;aqmif&mwGif xda&mufrI&Sdap&ef wyfrawmf\
tultnDukd &,laqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf?
( c ) Edik if aH wmfor®wonf vdt k yfygu ppftyk cf sKyaf &;trdew Yf pf&yf xkwjf yef
Edik o
f nf/ ,if;ppftyk cf sKyaf &;trdew Yf iG f wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf
tm; tkycf sKyaf &;qdik &f m vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh wm0efrsm;udvk nf;aumif;? &yf&mG
at;csr;f om,ma&;ESifh w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;ESifh oufqikd o f nfh w&m;
pD&ifa&;qdik &f m vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS fh wm0efrsm;udv k nf;aumif; owfrw S af y;&
rnf/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf ,if;vkyyf ikd cf iG Efh iS fh wm0efrsm;udk
167
exercise the said powers and duties himself or empower on any suitable
military authority to exercise thereof.
414. The President, in promulgating an ordinance and declaring a state of emergency :

(a) shall specify in the said ordinance the areas and the duration that the state
of emergency is in operation;
(b) may, if necessary, restrict or suspend as required, one or more fundamental
rights of the citizens residing in the areas where the state of emergency is in
operation.
415. The President shall, relating to the measures taken under Sections 410 and 411,
and relating to the measures taken under Sections 412 and 413 in declaring a state of
emergency, carry out such measures in accord with Section 212 (b), (c) and (e).
416. If the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw session besides approving the submission of the President
under Section 415 also extends the duration of the ordinance, it shall remain in operation
up to the expiry of the extended duration.
417. If there arises or if there is sufficient reason for a state of emergency to arise that
may disintegrate the Union or disintegrate national solidarity or that may cause the loss of
sovereignty, due to acts or attempts to take over the sovereignty of the Union by insurgency,
violence and wrongful forcible means, the President may, after co-ordinating with the
National Defence and Security Council, promulgate an ordinance and declare a state of
emergency. In the said ordinance, it shall be stated that the area where the state of
167
rdru
d ,
kd w
f ikd f usio
fh ;kH aqmif&uG jf cif; odrYk [kwf oihaf vsmo f nfh ppfbuf
tmPmydik f wpfO;D OD;udk usio hf ;kH aqmif&uG af pjcif;jyKEikd o
f nf/
414/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf Oya'uJo h t Ykd mPmwnfonfh trdex Yf w

k jf yefí ta&;ay:
tajctae aMunmonfhtcg -
(u) ,if;trdew Yf iG f ta&;ay:tajctae tusK;d oufa&mufonfh e,fajr
a'oESifh tcsed u f mvwdu Yk kd owfrw S af zmfjy&rnf?
( c ) vdktyfygu ta&;ay:tajctae tusKd;oufa&mufonfh e,fajr
a'otwGi;f aexdik Mf uaom Ekid if o H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit hf a&;wpf&yf&yf
udjk zpfap? wpf&yfxufyí kd jzpfap vdt k yfovdk uefo Y wfEidk o f nf odrYk [kwf
&yfqikd ;f xm;Edik of nf/
415/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí yk'fr 410 ESihf 411

t& ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? yk'fr 412 ESifh 413 t& ta&;,l
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;udk vnf;aumif; yk'fr 212 ( c ) ? ( * ) ESifh ( i ) wdkYESifhtnD
aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
416/ yk'fr 415 t& EkdifiHawmfor®w\wifjycsufudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

tpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKonft h jyif tcsed u
f mv xyfrw
H ;kd jri§ o
hf wfrw
S v
f Qif xkOd ya'uJo
h Ydk
tmPmwnfaomtrdefYonf wdk;jr§ifhowfrSwfonfhtcsdefumvukefqHk;onftxd
tmPmwnf&rnf/
417/ Ekid if aH wmf\tcsKyt f jcmtmPmudk qlyal omif;use;f rI? tMurf;zufrEI iS hf t"r®

enf;rsm;jzihf &,l&efaqmif&u G jf cif; odrYk [kwf BuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwjf cif;aMumihf jynfaxmifpk
NyKd uaGJ prnf?h wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G rf I NyKd uaGJ prnfh odrYk [kwf tcsKyt f jcmtmPm
vufvw G q
f ;kH ½H;I aprnfh ta&;ay:tajctae ay:aygufvQif odrYk [kwf ay:ayguf&ef
vHak vmufaomtaMumif;awGU&Sv d Qif Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESifh
vHNk cKH a&;aumifpED iS hf n§Ed idI ;f Ny;D Oya'uJo h tYdk mPmwnfonfh trdex Yf w
k jf yefí ta&;ay:
168
emergency in operation is the entire Nation and the specified duration is one year from the
day of promulgation.
418. (a) In the matter concerning the declaration of the state of emergency according
to Section 417, the President shall declare the transferring of legislative,
executive and judicial powers of the Union to the Commander-in-Chief of
the Defence Services to enable him to carry out necessary measures to
speedily restore its original situation in the Union. It shall be deemed that
the legislative functions of all Hluttaws and leading bodies shall be suspended
from the day of declaration. It shall also be deemed that on the expiry of
the term of the said Hluttaws, the relevant Hluttaws have been dissolved
automatically.
(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Constitution, commencing from
the day of transfer of the sovereign power to the Commander-in-Chief of
the Defence Services, it shall be deemed that the members appointed and
assigned duties by approval of the relevant Hluttaws in accord with the
Constitution, Self-Administered Division Leading Bodies or the members
of Self-Administered Zone Leading Bodies, with the exception of the
President and the Vice-Presidents, have been terminated from duty.
419. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services to whom the sovereign power
has been transferred shall have the right to exercise the powers of legislature, executive
and judiciary. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may exercise the legislative
power either by himself or by a body including him. The executive power and the judicial
power may be transferred to and exercised by an appropriate body that has been formed
or a suitable person.
168
tajctae aMunmEkid o f nf/ ,if;trdew Yf iG f ta&;ay:tajctae tusK;d oufa&muf
onfeh ,fajronf Ekid if w
H pf0ef;vH;k jzpfaMumif;ESifh tcsed u
f mv owfrw
S cf suo
f nf trdeYf
xkwjf yefonfah eYrS wpfEpS t
f xd jzpfaMumif;azmfjy&rnf/
418/ (u) yk'rf 417 t& ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmonhu f pd &ö yfwiG f Ekid if aH wmf
or®wonf Ekid if aH wmftwGi;f rlvtajctaeokYd tjrefjyefvnfa&muf&dS
apjcif;iSm vkdtyfonhf ta&;,laqmif&GufrIrsm;jyKEkdif&ef wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmf\ Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh w&m;
pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd vJt T yfaMumif; aMunm&rnf/ ,if;okaYd Munm
onhaf eYrpS í vTwaf wmftm;vH;k ESifh OD;pD;tzJUG rsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;qkid &f m
vkyif ef;rsm;ukd &yfqidk ;f xm;onf[k rSw, f &l rnf/ ,if;vTwaf wmfrsm;\
ouf w rf ; uk e f q H k ; onh f t cg ouf q k d i f & mvT w f a wmf r sm;onf
tvkt d avsmuf zsuo f rd ;f Ny;D jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnf?
(c) xkod wYdk yfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmf\tmPmukd vJt T yf
aqmif&GufaponfhaeY&ufrSpí zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'wGif rnfokdYyif
jy|mef;yg&Sad pumrl Ekid if aH wmfor®wESifh 'kw, d or®wrsm;rSty zJUG pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'ESit fh nD oufqidk &f mvTwaf wmfrsm;\ oabmwlncD sujf zihf
ceftY yfwm0efay;xm;aom tzGUJ tpnf;0ifrsm;? uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf wkid ;f
OD;pD;tzJGU okdYr[kwf ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&a'o OD;pD;tzJGU0ifrsm;tm;
wm0efr&S yfpNJ y;D jzpfonf[rk w S ,f &l rnf/
419/ Ekid if aH wmftmPmvJt T yfjcif;cH&onhf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf Oya'

jyKa&;tmPm? tkycf sKyaf &;tmPmESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwku Yd dk usio fh ;kH aqmif&u G cf iG fh
&So
d nf/ wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyo f nf Oya'jyKa&;tmPmukd rdru d , dk w f idk jf zpfap?
rdrud ,
dk w
f idk yf g0ifonhf tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf zJUG pnf;íjzpfap usio hf ;kH aqmif&u G Ef idk of nf/
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd oihfavsmfonhf tzJGUtpnf;
wpf&yf&yfudk zJUG pnf;íjzpfap? oifah vsmo f nhf yk*Kd¾ vw
f pfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap vJt T yfusio fh ;kH
aqmif&u G af pEkid o
f nf/
169
420. The Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services may, during the duration of the
declaration of a state of emergency, restrict or suspend as required, one or more fundamental
rights of the citizens in the required area.
421. The President :

(a) shall submit the matter of transferring the sovereign power to the
Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services, after declaring a state of
emergency under Sections 417 and 418, to a regular session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if it is in session, or to an emergency session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by summoning it, if it is not in regular session;
(b) may, if the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services submits the
extension of the prescribed duration by giving reasons why he has not yet
been able to accomplish the duties assigned to him, and after co-ordinating
with the National Defence and Security Council, normally permit two
extensions of the prescribed duration for a term of six months for each
extension. The matter relating to the extension shall be reported to the
emergency session of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw by summoning it.
422. The President shall, on submission of a report that the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services has accomplished the duties assigned, declare the annulment of the
ordinance transferring the sovereign power to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services under Section 418, after co-ordinating with the National Defence and Security
Council, on the day of submission of the report by convening an emergency session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw if the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has not expired, or on the day
that the submission of the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services is
received if that term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has expired.
169
420/ wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfonf ta&;ay:tajctae aMunmxm;pOf
umvtwGi;f vkt d yfonhef ,fajra'owGif Ekid if o
H m;rsm;\ rlvtcGit
fh a&;wpf&yf&yfudk
jzpfap? wpf&yfxufykdíjzpfap vkdtyfovkduefYowfEkdifonf okdYr[kwf &yfqkdif;xm;
Ekid o
f nf/
421/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf -

(u) yk'fr 417 ESifh 418 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmf
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmftmPm vJt T yfaqmif&u G af ponhf
udpöukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0; usif;ycsdefjzpfvQif
,if;tpnf;ta0;odjYk zpfap? jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;
usi;f ycsed rf [kwv f Qif jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
ac:,lapíjzpfap tpD&ifcw H ifjy&rnf?
(c) wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfw h m0efudk
Ny;D ajrmufatmif aqmif&u G jf cif;rjyKEidk af o;ojzifh owfrw S tf csed u
f mv
wkd;jr§ihfay;&ef tusKd;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu trsKd;om;
umuG,fa&;ESihf vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDESihf n§dEIdif;NyD; omreftm;jzifh
wpfBudrfvQif ajcmufvtxd ESpfBudrfwkd;jr§ihfay;Ekdifonf/ ,if;okdY
wk;d jri§ afh y;onfu
h pd u
ö dk jynfaxmifpv k w T af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
ac:,lapí tpD&ifcH wifjy&rnf/
422/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wonf wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;

onhw f m0efudk Ny;D ajrmufatmifaqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;aMumif; wifjyvmonht f cg jynfaxmifpk
vTwaf wmf oufwrf;rukeq f ;kH ao;ygu jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
ac:,lapí tpD&ifcHwifjyNyD;onhfaeYrSpíjzpfap? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfoufwrf;
ukeqf ;kH Ny;D jzpfygu wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyx f rH S wifjycsuv f ufc&H &So
d nhf aeYrpS í
jzpfap yk'rf 418 t& wyfrawmfumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f m; Ekid if aH wmftmPm vJt T yf
aqmif&GufapcJhonhftrdefYukd trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESihfvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDESihfn§dEIdif;NyD;
y,fzsuaf Mumif; aMunm&rnf/
170
423. The President shall, on receiving the report of the Commander-in-Chief of the
Defence Services under Section 422, revoke the temporary suspension of the legislative
functions of all Hluttaws and Leading Bodies if the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has not
expired. The New executive and judicial bodies prescribed in the Constitution shall then
be formed and assigned duties in accord with the Constitution. Such bodies shall only
carry out the duties for the remaining term of the Hluttaw.
424. Notwithstanding that the term of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw has expired, the President
and the Vice-Presidents, or the Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the Speaker of the
Amyotha Hluttaw shall remain in their office until the new President and the new Vice-
Presidents, or the new Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the new Speaker of the Amyotha
Hluttaw have been elected in accord with the Constitution.
425. The National Defence and Security Council may, if the Commander-in-Chief of
the Defence Services submits the extension of the prescribed duration by giving reasons
why he has not been able to accomplish the assigned duties, on the expiry of the term of
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, normally permit two extensions of the prescribed duration for a
term of six months for each extension.
426. The National Defence and Security Council shall, concerning the matter of
transferring of sovereign power by the President to the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence
Services by declaring a state of emergency under Sections 417 and 418, declare the
annulment of the ordinance transferring the sovereign power to him under Section 418 on
receiving the report that the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services has
accomplished the duties assigned to him.
170
423/ EkdifiHawmfor®wonf yk'fr 422 t& wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfxHrS
tpD&ifcHpmukd &&Sdonhftcg jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfoufwrf; rukefqHk;ao;ygu
vTwfawmf tm;vHk;ESihf OD;pD;tzJGUrsm;\ Oya'jyKa&;qkdif&mvkyfief;rsm;tm; ,m,D
&yfqidk ;f xm;jcif;ukd y,fzsu&f rnf/ xkaYd emuf zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh
w&m;pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tzJUG tpnf;topfrsm;ukd zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit
fh nD zJUG pnf;
wm0efay;tyf&rnf/ ,if;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;onf usef&Sdaom vTwfawmfoufwrf;
twGuo f m wm0efxrf;aqmif&rnf/
424/ Ekid if aH wmfor®wESihf 'kw, d or®wrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|

ESihf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú| wko Yd nfvnf;aumif; jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf oufwrf;
ukeq f ;Hk apumrl zJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESit hf nD Ekid if aH wmfor®wtopfEiS hf 'kw, d or®w
topfwu Ydk v dk nf;aumif;? jynfov Yl wT af wmfOuú|topfEiS hf trsK;d om;vTwaf wmfOuú|
topfwu Ydk v dk nf;aumif; a&G;cs,w f ifajrm§ ufNy;D onftxd qufvufwnf&o dS nf/
425/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf

oufwrf;ukefqkH;oGm;csdefwGif wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyf
xm;onfhwm0efudk NyD;ajrmufatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEdkifao;ojzifh owfrSwftcsdef
umv wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef tusKd;taMumif;azmfjyvsuf wifjyvmygu omreftm;jzifh
wpfBurd v
f Qif ajcmufvtxd ESpBf urd w
f ;kd jri§ ahf y;Edik o
f nf/
426/ trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESiv hf NHk cKaH &;aumifpo D nf Ekid if aH wmfor®wu yk'rf 417
ESifh 418 t& ta&;ay:tajctaeaMunmí wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftm;
Ekid if aH wmftmPmudk vTt J yfaqmif&u G af ponfu h pd Eö iS phf yfvsO;f í wyfrawmfumuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyfu ¤if;tm;ay;tyfxm;onfh wm0efNyD;ajrmufatmif aqmif&GufNyD;aMumif;
wifjyonft h pD&ifcpH mudk vufc&H &Sod nft h cg yk'rf 418 t& wyfrawmfumuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyftm; EdkifiHawmftmPm vTJtyfaqmif&GufapcJhonfhtrdefYudk y,fzsufaMumif;
aMunm&rnf/
171
427. The National Defence and Security Council :
(a) exercises the powers of the legislature, executive and judiciary before the
Hluttaws are formed in accord with the Constitution;
(b) has the right to exercise the sovereign power until the new President has
been elected and the Union level administrative bodies have been formed
in accord with the provisions in this Constitution. In exercising thereof, the
legislative power shall be exercised by itself. The executive power and the
judicial power may be transferred to and exercised by the appropriate
Bodies that have been formed or a suitable person at the Union, Region
or State and Self-Administered Area levels.
428. The National Defence and Security Council shall form and assign duties to different
levels of administrative bodies, the Self-Administered Division Leading Body, or the Self-
Administered Zone Leading Bodies and Election Commission prescribed in the Constitution
with persons who meet the relevant qualifications prescribed in the Constitution.
429. The National Defence and Security Council shall hold the general election in accord
with the provisions of the Constitution within a duration of six months commencing from
the day on which the ordinance is annulled under Section 426.
430. The bodies formed under Section 428 shall continue to perform their functions
and duties until legislative, executive and judicial bodies have been formed in accord with
the Constitution after holding the general election.
171
427/ trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESiv hf NHk cKaH &;aumifpo D nf -
(u) zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESit hf nD vTwaf wmfrsm;zGUJ pnf;jcif; rjyKEidk af o;rD
Oya' jyKa&;? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmwkdYukd usifhokH;
aqmif&u G of nf?
( c ) þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csufrsm;ESihftnD EkdifiHawmfor®w
topf a&G; cs,fwif a jr§ m uf NyD ; jynf a xmif p k t qif h tmPmyk d i f
tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ukd zGUJ pnf;Ny;D onft h csed xf d Ekid if aH wmftmPmukd usio hf ;Hk
aqmif&u G cf iG &fh o
dS nf/ xko d u Ydk siofh ;Hk aqmif&u G &f mwGif Oya'jyKa&;tmPm
uk d ud k , f w k d i f u sih f o k H ; aqmif & G u f & rnf / tk y f c sKyf a &;tmPmES i f h
w&m;pD&ifa&;tmPmrsm;ukd jynfaxmifpt k qif?h wkid ;f a'oBu;D okrYd [kwf
jynfe,ftqifEh iS fh uk, d yf idk t f yk cf sKycf iG &fh pD&ifpt
k qifrh sm;twGuf oihaf vsmf
onf h tzG J U tpnf ; rsm; zG J U pnf ; íjzpf a p? oih f a vsmf o nf h y k * d ¾ K vf
wpfO;D OD;tm;jzpfap vTt J yfusio hf ;Hk aqmif&u G af pEkid o
f nf/
428/ trsK;d om;umuG,af &;ESihf vkNH cKaH &;aumifpo D nf zGUJ pnf;ykt

H ajccHOya'yg tqifh
qifhaom tmPmykdiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wkdif; OD;pD;tzGJU okdYr[kwf
uk, d yf idk t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'o OD;pD;tzGUJ rsm;ESihf a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Siw f u
Ydk dk zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccH
Oya'wGif jy|mef;xm;aom oufqkdif&mt&nftcsif;ESifh nDñGwfonfhyk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzifh
zGUJ pnf;wm0efay;tyf&rnf/
429/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDonf yk'fr 426 t& trdefYukd

y,fzsuaf Mumif; aMunmonhaf eYrpS í ajcmufvtwGi;f zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;
csurf sm;ESit
fh nD taxGaxGa&G;aumufyGJ usi;f yay;&rnf/
430/ yk'rf 428 t& zJUG pnf;xm;onht f zJUG tpnf;rsm;onf taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrGJ sm;
usi;f yNy;D zJUG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESit
fh nD zJUG pnf;onfh Oya'jyKa&;? tkycf sKyaf &;ESifh w&m;
pD&ifa&;qkid &f m tzJUG tpnf;rsm; zJUG pnf;Ny;D onftxd rdrw d \Ydk vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;ukd
qufvufaqmif&u G &f rnf/
172
431. The National Defence and Security Council shall exercise the sovereign power in
the name of the President.
432. The legitimate measures of any administrative body or any of its members, any
Civil Services body or any of its members, and any military body or any of its members
assigned powers and duties to take measures as required in order to speedily restore the
security, stability, community peace and tranquility and prevalence of law and order to its
original state on behalf of the President while a declaration of emergency is in operation or
during the duration the sovereign power is being exercised by the Commander-in-Chief of
the Defence Services or during the duration the sovereign power is being exercised by the
National Defence and Security Council, shall be valid. No legal action shall be taken on
such legitimate measures.
172
431/ trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcHKa&;aumifpDonf EkdifiHawmftmPmukd usifhokH;
&mwGif Ekid if aH wmfor®wtrnfjzifh azmfjyaqmif&u
G &f rnf/
432/ ta&;ay:tajctae xkwfjyefaMunmxm;pOf umvtwGif;wGif EkdifiHawmf

or®wukd,fpm;jzpfap? wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfu EkdifiHawmftmPmukd
usifhoHk;aeonfh umvtwGif;jzpfap? trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;ESifh vkHNcKHa&;aumifpDu
Ekid if aH wmftmPmukd usio hf ;kH aeonhf umvtwGi;f jzpfap vHNk cKH a&;? wnfNird af &;? &yf&mG
at;csrf;om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pkd;rkd;a&;wkdYukd rlvtajctaeokdY tjrefjyefvnf
a&muf&adS pjcif;iSm vkt d yfonhf ta&;,laqmif&u G rf jI yKEidk &f ef vkyyf idk cf iG Efh iS w
hf m0efrsm;
ay;tyfjcif;cH&onhf tmPmykdiftzJGUtpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJGUtpnf;0ifwpfOD;OD;?
e,fbuf0efxrf; tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0ifwpfO;D OD;? ppfbufqidk &f m
tzJUG tpnf;wpf&yf&yf? ,if;tzJUG tpnf;0if wpfO;D OD;\ w&m;0ifaqmif&u G cf surf sm;onf
twnfjzpfap&rnf/ ,if;w&m;0if aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: taMumif;jyKvsuf
w&m;pJq G cdk iG rfh &Sad p&/
Chapter XII
Amendment of the Constitution
tcef; (12)
zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' jyifqifjcif;
Chapter XII
AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
433. Any provision of this Constitution may be amended in the manner herein after
provided :
(a) the proposal to amend the Constitution shall be submitted in the form of a
Bill;
(b) the Bill to amend the Constitution shall not contain other proposals.
434. The Bill to amend the Constitution shall be submitted to the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
435. If twenty percent of the total number of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw representatives
submit the Bill to amend the Constitution, it shall be considered by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
436. (a) If it is necessary to amend the provisions of Sections 1 to 48 in

Chapter I, Sections 49 to 56 in Chapter II, Sections 59 and 60 in Chapter
III, Sections 74, 109, 141 and 161 in Chapter IV, Sections 200, 201,
248 and 276 in Chapter V, Sections 293, 294, 305, 314 and 320 in
Chapter VI, Sections 410 to 432 in Chapter XI and Sections 436 in
Chapter XII of this Constitution, it shall be amended with the prior approval
of more than seventy-five percent of all the representatives of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, after which in a nation-wide referendum only with
the votes of more than half of those who are eligible to vote.
tcef;(12)
zJGUpnf;yHktajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;
433/ þzJUG pnf;ykt

H ajccHOya'yg jy|mef;csuw f pf&yf&yfujdk yifqifvydk gu atmufazmfjy
yg owfrw
S xf m;aomenf;vrf;twkid ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf –
(u) zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef wifoGif;aomtqkdukd Oya'
rlMurf;tjzpfjzifh wifoiG ;f &rnf?
( c ) zJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ukjd yifqif&ef tqkw d ifoiG ;f aom Oya'rlMurf;wGif
tjcm;tqkrd sm; ryg&Sad p&/
434/ zJUG pnf;ykt

H ajccHOya'ukjd yifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmfwiG f
wifoiG ;f &rnf/
435/ zJGUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdjyifqif&ef Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf&Sd

vTwaf wmfu,dk pf m;vS,f pkpak ygif;\ 20 &mckid Ef eI ;f u wifjyvmvQif tqkyd gjyifqifcsuf
Oya'rlMurf;ukd jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmfu vufcaH qG;aEG;&rnf/
436/ (u) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'\ tcef;(1) yk'rf 1 rS 48 xd? tcef;(2) yk'rf
49 rS 56 xd? tcef;(3) yk'fr 59? 60? tcef;(4) yk'fr 74? 109? 141?
161? tcef;(5) yk'rf 200? 201? 248? 276? tcef;(6) yk'rf 293? 294?
305? 314? 320? tcef;(11) yk'rf 410 rS 432 xd? tcef;(12) yk'rf 436
wdkU&Sd jy|mef;csufrsm;udk jyifqifvkdvQif jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf
uk d , f p m;vS , f tm;vk H ; \ 75 &mck d i f E I e f ; ausmf u jyif q if & ef
oabmwlvufcHNyD;aemuf jynfvkH;uRwfqEćH,lyJG usif;yí qE´rJ
ay;ykid cf iG &hf odS t
l m;vk;H \ xuf0ufausmq
f E´rjJ zifo h m jyifqif&rnf?
174
(b) Provisions other than those mentioned in Sub-Section (a) shall be
amended only by a vote of more than seventy-five percent of all the
representatives of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
174
(c) yk'rf cGJ (u) wGiaf zmfjyxm;onfh jy|mef;csurf sm;rSty tjcm;jy|mef;csuf
rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpv
k w
T af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f m;vk;H \ 75 &mckid Ef eI ;f
ausmf axmufcq
H E´rjJ zifo
h m jyifqif&rnf/
Chapter XIII
State Flag, State Seal, National
Anthem and the Capital
tcef; (13)
EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmf
Chapter XIII
State Flag, State Seal, National Anthem and Capital
437. (a) The State Flag shall be as shown below :
(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the State Flag.
438. (a) The State Seal shall be as shown below :
(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the State Seal.

tcef; ( 13 )
EdkifiHawmftvH? txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESihfNrdKUawmf
437/ (u) Edik if aH wmftvHonf atmufwiG af zmfjyxm;onft

h wdik ;f jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if aH wmftvHEiS hf pyfvsO;f í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/

438/ (u) Edik if aH wmftxdr;f trSww
f q
H yd o
f nf atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf?
(c) Ekid if aH wmftxdr;f trSww

f q
H yd Ef iS fh pyfvsO;f í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/
176
439. (a) The present National Anthem shall be prescribed as the National Anthem.
(b) Law shall be promulgated concerning the National Anthem.
440. The Capital of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is Nay Pyi Taw.
176
439/ (u) EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;tjzpf atmufazmfjyyg vuf&Sd EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;udk

owfrw S o
f nf?
EdkifiHawmfoDcsif;
w&m;rQw-vGwv f yfjcif;eJrY aoG-

wdjYk ynf-wdaYk jr-
rsm;vlcyford ;f -Nird ;f csr;f apzd-Yk
cGiw hf n l rD Q-0g'jzLpifwjhJ ynf-
wdjYk ynf-wdaYk jr-
jynfaxmifpt k arG-tNrw J nfwahH p-
t"d|mefjyKay-xde;f odr;f pdaYk v/
(urÇmraus-jrefrmjynf-
wdbYk ;kd bGm;tarGppfr-Ykd cspjf rwfE;kd ay)2
jynfaxmifpu k -kd toufay;vd-Yk wdu Yk muG,rf av/
'gwdjYk ynf-'gwdaYk jr-wdyYk ikd ef ufajr/
wdjYk ynf-wdaYk jr-tusK;d udk nDnmpGm-wdw Yk pfawG
xrf;aqmifygpdaYk v-wdw Yk m0efay
tzd;k wefajr/
(c) Ekid if aH wmfocD si;f ESihf pyfvsO;f í Oya'jy|mef;&rnf/
440/ aejynfawmfonf Edik if aH wmf\ NrKd Uawmf jzpfonf/

Chapter XIV
Transitory Provisions
tcef; (14)
ul;ajymif;a&;umv jy|mef;csufrsm;
Chapter XIV
TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
441. A nation-wide referendum held for adoption of this Constitution where more than
half of the eligible voters voted, of which majority of these voters adopted this Constitution,
shall come into operation throughout the Union from the day the first session of the
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw is convened.
442. The State Peace and Development Council shall continue to exercise State
sovereignty before this Constitution comes into operation.
443. The preparatory work done by the State Peace and Development Council, before
this Constitution comes into operation, to bring the Constitution into operation, shall be
deemed to have been carried out in accord with this Constitution.
444. (a) The Government that exists on the day this Constitution comes into
operation shall continue to discharge the respective duties until the
emergence of the new Government formed and assigned duties in accord
with this Constitution.
(b) All courts existing on the day the coming into operation of this Constitution
shall continue to exercise their jurisdiction until new courts are constituted
by law in accord with this Constitution. All cases, civil, criminal and revenue,
pending in the said courts, shall be disposed of in accord with the laws
exercised on the day on which the cases came up for trial.
tcef;(14)
ul;ajymif;a&;umvjy|mef;csufrsm;
441/ jynfv;Hk uRwq f Eć,

H yl w
JG iG f qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o
Sd t
l m;vk;H \ xuf0ufausmrf aJ y;onfh
qE´rJ\rJtrsm;jzifh twnfjyKjy|mef;vkdufonfh þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'onf
jynfaxmifpv k w
T af wmf yxrtBurd t f pnf;ta0;pwifusi;f yonfah eYrpS í Edik if aH wmf
wpf0ef;vk;H ü tmPmwnfonf/
442/ þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrD Ekid if aH wmf\tcsKyt f jcmtmPmudk

Edik if aH wmfat;csr;f om,ma&;ESizhf UHG NzKd ;a&;aumifpu
D qufvuf usio
hf ;kH aqmif&u
G &f rnf/
443/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfhaeYrwkdifrD EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;

om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpu D zGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya' taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf
BuKd wifaqmif&u G o f nfh vkyif ef;&yfrsm;onf þzGUJ pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& aqmif&u
G f
onf[k rSwf,l&rnf/
444/ (u) þzJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfah eYü wnf&adS eaom tpd;k &
tzJUG onf zJUG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& wm0efay;tyfonhf tpk;d &tzJUG
ray:aygufrD rdrw d \Ykd oufqikd &f mwm0efrsm;udk qufvufaqmif&u G f
&rnf?
( c ) þzGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya' tmPmwnfonfah eYü wnf&adS eaomw&m;½k;H
rsm;onf zGUJ pnf;ykt H ajccHOya't& wnfaxmifonhw f &m;½k;H rsm; ray:
aygufrD qufvufí w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf mPmrsm; ok;H pJaG qmif&uG &f rnf/
tqdkyg w&m;½kH;rsm;wGif rNyD;rjywf usef&Sdaeao;aom w&m;rrIrsm;?
jypfrq I ikd &f m trIrsm;ESihf tcGeaf wmftrIrsm;udk trIpwifppfaq;pOfu
usio fh ;Hk onhf Oya'rsm;ESit fh nD qufvufppfaq; pD&if&rnf/
178
445. All policy guidelines, laws, rules, regulations, notifications and declarations of the
State Law and Order Restoration Council and the State Peace and Development Council
or actions, rights and responsibilities of the State Law and Order Restoration Council and
the State Peace and Development Council shall devolve on the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar. No proceeding shall be instituted against the said Councils or any member
thereof or any member of the Government, in respect of any act done in the execution of
their respective duties.
446. Existing laws shall remain in operation in so far as they are not contrary to this
Constitution until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw.
447. Existing rules, regulations, by-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures
shall remain in operation in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and
unless they are repealed or amended by the Union Government.
448. All functioning Civil Services personnel of departmental organizations including

the Defence Services under the State Peace and Development Council on the day this
Constitution comes into operation, shall continue in their functions unless otherwise
prescribed by the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
178
445/ jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfonf Ekid if aH wmfNird 0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&;
tzGJUESifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;om,ma&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpDwdkY\ rl0g'vrf;ñTefrIrsm;?
Oya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;rsm;? trdefYjyefwrf;rsm;? aMunmcsufrsm;udk
vnf;aumif;? EkdifiHawmfNidrf0yfydjym;rIwnfaqmufa&;tzGJUESifh EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;
om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpw D \Ykd aqmif&u G cf surf sm;? wm0efrsm;ESi&hf ydik cf iG rhf sm;udk
vnf;aumif; qufco H nf/ ,if;tzJUG ? okrYd [kwf tzGUJ 0ifwpfO;D OD;? odrYk [kwf tpk;d &tzJUG 0if
wpfOD;OD;\ wm0eft&aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;tay: taMumif;jyKvsuf ,if;wkdYtm;
w&m;pJq G jdk cif;? ta&;,ljcif;r&Sad p&/
446/ wnfqJOya'rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfu y,fzsufjcif;? jyifqifjcif;

rjyKao;rD þzJUG pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ESirhf qefu
Y sio
f rQ twnfjzpfonf/
447/ wnfqeJ nf;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsO;f rsm;? pnf;urf;rsm;? trdeaYf Mumfjimpmrsm;? trdeYf

rsm;? ñTeMf um;csurf sm;ESihf vkyx
f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;ukd jynfaxmifpt
k pk;d &tzJUG u y,fzsujf cif;?
jyifqifjcif;rjyKao;rD þzJUG pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'ESihf rqefuY siof rQ twnfjzpfonf/
448/ þzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya' tmPmpwifwnfonfhaeYwGif EdkifiHawmfat;csrf;

om,ma&;ESihf zGUH NzKd ;a&;aumifpv
D ufatmufü zGUJ pnf;xm;&So
d nfh wyfrawmftygt0if
Xmeqkdif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ü trIxrf;&GufqJjzpfMuaom EkdifiHh0efxrf;rsm;onf
jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpkd;&u tjcm;jy|mef;jcif;rjyKorQ qufvuf
trIxrf;&rnf/
Chapter XV
General Provisions
tcef; (15)
taxGaxG jy|mef;csufrsm;
Chapter XV
GENERAL PROVISIONS
449. This Constitution is the Basic Law of all the laws of the Union.
450. Myanmar language is the official language.
451. The application of the Basic Principles of the Union in the legislation and
administration shall be the care of the Union but shall not be enforceable in any Court of
law.
452. Interpretation of the preamble, Sections, Sub-Sections, expressions, individual

words and ideas of this Constitution shall be based only on the Myanmar text.
453. In interpretation of expressions contained in this Constitution reference shall be

made to the existing Interpretation Law.
454. The Myanmar text of this Constitution shall be kept as record in the National
Archives. Such text shall be conclusive evidence of the provisions of this Constitution.
455. The Government of the Union may, in the interest of the Union, relating to any of
the economic activity prescribed to be carried out only by the Government of the Union :
(a) permit the Region government or the State government to form a joint
venture with the Government of the Union or to operate under terms and
conditions;
tcef; ( 15 )
taxGaxGjy|mef;csufrsm;
449/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'onf EdkifiHawmftwGif;&Sd Oya'tm;vHk;\tajccH

Oya'jzpfonf/
450/ jrefrmpmonf ½H;k oH;k pm jzpfonf/
451/ EkdifiHawmfonf Oya'jyK&mwGifvnf;aumif;? tkyfcsKyf&mwGifvnf;aumif;

EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;ESifhtnD tav;*½kjyK aqmif&Guf&rnf/ okdY&mwGif xdkodkY
aqmif&u G af p&ef rnfonfwh &m;½k;H wGirf Q w&m;pGq
J cdk iG rhf &Sad p&/
452/ þzGUJ pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya'\ ed'gef;? yk'rf rsm;? yk'rf cGrJ sm;? pum;vH;k pkrsm;? pum;vH;k
wpfvHk;csif;\ teuft"dyÜm,f? oabmt,ltqrsm; zGifhqdk&mü jrefrmpmjzifh
a&;om;xm;csurf sm;tay:wGio f m tajcjyK&rnf/
453/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'yg pum;&yfrsm;udk teuft"dyÜm,fzGifhqdk&mwGif

wnfqpJ um;&yfrsm; teuft"dymÜ ,f zGiq
hf akd &;Oya'udk ud;k um;&rnf/
454/ þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' jrefrmpmrlwpfckudk trsKd;om;armfuGef;wdkufwGif

armfueG ;f wifxm;&S&d rnf/ xdpk mrlonf þzGUJ pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'&Sd jy|mef;csurf sm;twGuf
tNy;D tjywf oufaot&mwnfap&rnf/
455/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uom vkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&ef

owfrwS x
f m;aom pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wpf&yf&yfukd Edik if aH wmf\tusK;d pD;yGm;tvdiYk mS -
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D tpd;k &tzGUJ odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftpd;k &tzGUJ udk jynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &tzGUJ ESihf zufpyfvyk uf ikd af qmif&u
G &f efjzpfap? pnf;urf;owfrw S f
csujf zifh vkyuf ikd af qmif&u
G &f efjzpfap cGijhf yKEikd o
f nf?
180
(b) permit a co-operative organization, economic organization and an
individual person to form a joint venture with the Government of the Union
or to operate under terms and conditions.
456. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar shall honour all legitimate obligations
arising out of treaties or agreements which before the commencement of this Constitution
have been in operation between the Government of the Union of Myanmar and the
Government of other State, provided that such other State honours any reciprocal obligations
towards the Union of Myanmar.
457. (a) Any proceedings relating to contract or liabilities which might have been
brought against the Government of the Union of Myanmar before this
Constitution comes into operation, may be brought against the Government
of the Union of Myanmar.
(b) The Republic of the Union of Myanmar may sue and be sued in the name
of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.
180
(c) or0g,rtzGUJ tpnf;? pD;yGm;a&;tzGUJ tpnf; odrYk [kwf yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D OD;
udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJUESifh zufpyfvkyfudkifaqmif&Guf&efjzpfap?
pnf;urf;owfrwS cf sujf zihf vkyu
f ikd af qmif&u
G &f efjzpfap cGijhf yKEikd o
f nf/
456/ þzGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tmPmrwnfru D mvu jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf

tpd;k &ESihf tjcm;Edik if t
H pd;k &wdYk csKyq
f t
kd wnfjzpfcahJ om pmcsKyrf sm;t&aomfvnf;aumif;?
oabmwlncD surf sm;t& aomfvnf;aumif; ay:xGuv f maom w&m;rQwonfw h m0ef
rsm;udk tqdyk gtjcm;Edik if u H vnf; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if EH iS fh pyfvsO;f í xm;&St
d yfaom
y#dnmOfrsm;udk av;pm;ygu jynfaxmifpo k r®wjrefrmEdik if aH wmfuvnf; av;pm;onf/
457/ (u) þzGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' tmPmrwnfrDu jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH

awmftpdk;&ESifh csKyfqdkxm;&SdcJhaom y#dnmOfrsm;ESihf pyfvsOf;íjzpfap?
wm0efrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f íjzpfap jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmftpd;k &tm;
w&m;pGJqdkEdkifaom tcGifhta&;t& w&m;pJGqdk&ef ay:aygufcJhvQif
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tm; w&m;pGq
J Edk ikd o
f nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpkor®wjrefrmEdkifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkor®w jrefrm
EdkifiHawmf\trnfjzifh w&m;pGJqdkEdkifonf/ xdkenf;wlyif w&m;
pGq
J jkd cif;udck EH ikd o
f nf/
181
SCHEDULE ONE
Union Legislative List
(Refer to Section 96)
1. Union Defence and Security Sector

(a) Defence of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and every part thereof
and preparation for such defence;
(b) Defence and Security industries;
(c) Arms, ammunition and explosives including biological and chemical
weapons;
(d) Atomic energy, nuclear fuel and radiation and mineral resources essential
to its production;
(e) Declaration of war and conclusion of peace;
(f) Stability, peace and tranquility of the Union and prevalence of law and
order; and
(g) Police force.
2. Foreign Affairs Sector

(a) Representatives of the diplomatic, consular and other affairs;
(b) United Nations;
(c) Participation in international, regional and bilateral conferences,
seminars, meetings, associations and other organizations and
implementation of resolutions thereof;
(d) Conclusion and implementation of international and regional treaties,
agreements, conventions and bilateral agreements and treaties;
181
Z,m; 1
jynf a xmif p k O ya'jyKpm&if ;
(yk'fr 96 udk &nfñTef;onf)
1/ EkdifiHawmfumuG,fa&;ESifhvkHNcKHa&;u@
(u) jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmfEiS hf jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmf\ e,fajr
tpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;umuG,af &;? ,if;odu
Yk muG,af &;twGuf pDrjH yifqif
jcif;?
( c ) umuG,af &;ESihf vHNk cKH a&;qdik &f m pufrv
I ufrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
( * ) ZD0ESi"hf mwkponfv h ufeufrsm;tygt0if vufeufc, J rf;rD;ausmufrsm;
ESihf aygufuaJG pwwfonfyh pön;f rsm;?
(C) tPkjrLpGrf;tif? tPkjrLavmifpm? tPkjrLa&mifjcnfESifh ,if;wkdYudk
jzpfxeG ;f apaom "mwfowåKyif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;?
( i ) ppfaMunmjcif;ESihf ppfajyNird ;f jcif;?
( p ) Edik if aH wmfwnfNird af &;? at;csr;f om,ma&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;?
(q) &JwyfzUJG /
2/ EkdifiHjcm;a&;u@
(u) oHwrefa&;&m? aumifppfa&;&mESihf tjcm;a&;&mqdik &f m ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;?
( c ) ukvor*¾?
( * ) tjynfjynfqikd &f m? a'oqdik &f mESihf ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f m nDvmcHrsm;?
aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;? tpnf;ta0;rsm;? toif;rsm;ESihf tjcm;tzJUG tpnf;rsm;
wGif yg0ifaqmif&u G af &;ESihf ,if;wd\Yk qH;k jzwfcsurf sm;udk txajrmuf
apa&;?
(C) tjynfjynfqdkif&mESifh a'oqdkif&mpmcsKyfrsm;? oabmwlnDcsufrsm;?
uGeAf if;&Si;f rsm;? ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f moabmwlncD surf sm;? pmcsKyrf sm;
udk csKyq
f akd &;ESihf txajrmufapa&;?
182
(e) Passports and identification certificates;
(f) Visas, admission into the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, stay,
departure, immigration and deportation; and
(g) Extradition and request for extradition.
3. Finance and Planning Sector

(a) The Union Budget;
(b) The Union Fund;
(c) Currency and coinage;
(d) The Central Bank of Myanmar and financial institutions;
(e) Foreign exchange control;
(f) Capital and money markets;
(g) Insurance;
(h) Income tax;
(i) Commercial tax;
(j) Stamp duty;
(k) Customs duty;
(l) Union lottery;
(m) Tax appeal;
(n) Services of the Union;
(o) Sale, lease and other means of execution of property of the Union;
(p) Disbursement of loans from the Union Funds;
(q) Investment of the Union Funds;
(r) Domestic and foreign loans;
(s) Acquisition of property for the Union; and
(t) Foreign aid and financial assistance.
182
(i) Edik if u
H ;l vufrw S rf sm;ESihf rnforl nf0gjzpfaMumif; oufaocHvufrw S f
rsm;?
(p) jynf0ifciG Ahf ZD m? jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if t H wGi;f okYd 0ifciG jhf yKa&;? aexdik f
cGijhf yKa&;? Ekid if rH S xGucf mG cGijhf yKa&;? vl0ifrBI u;D Muyfa&;ESihf jynfEiS 'f Pf
ay;a&;?
(q) jypfrIusL;vGefoltm; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHokdY jyefvnfvTJtyfay;a&;ESifh
oufqikd &f mEkid if rH S awmif;qdak &;/
3/ b@ma&;ESifh pDrHudef;u@
(u) jynfaxmifpt k &toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
( c ) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iG?
( * ) aiGpuúLxkwv f yk af &;? '*Fg;oGe;f vkyaf &;?
(C) jrefrmEkid if aH wmfA[db k PfEiS hf aiGa&;aMu;a&;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
( i ) Edik if jH cm;oH;k aiG xde;f odr;f Bu;D Muyfa&;?
( p ) t&if;tES;D ESiahf iGaMu;aps;uGu?f
(q) tmrcHvyk if ef;?
( Z ) 0ifaiGceG ?f
(ps) ukeo f , G vf yk if ef;cGe?f
(n) wHqyd af cgif;cGe?f
(#) taumufceG ?f
( X ) atmifbmavxD?
( ! ) tcGet f ,lcjH cif;?
( ¡ ) jynfaxmifp\ k 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
(P) jynfaxmifpyk ikd yf pön;f rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? iSm;&rf;jcif;ESihf tjcm;enf;jzifh
aqmif&u G jf cif;?
(w) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrsm; xkwaf cs;jcif;?
(x) jynfaxmifpb k @m&efyakH iGrsm; &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf jHS cif;?
(') jynfwiG ;f jynfyrSaiGacs;,ljcif;?
( " ) jynfaxmifpt k wGuf ypön;f &,ljcif;?
( e ) jynfyrS aiGaMu;tultnDEiS hf taxmuftyh/H
183
4. Economic Sector
(a) Economy;
(b) Commerce;
(c) Co-operatives;
(d) Corporations, boards, enterprises, companies and partnerships;
(e) Imports, exports and quality control thereon;
(f) Hotels and lodging houses; and
(g) Tourism.
5. Agriculture and Livestock Breeding Sector

(a) Land administration;
(b) Reclamation of vacant, fallow and virgin lands;
(c) Settlements and land records;
(d) Land survey;
(e) Dams, embankments and irrigation works managed by the Union;
(f) Meteorology, hydrology and seismic survey;
(g) Registration of documents;
(h) Mechanized agriculture;
(i) Agricultural research;
(j) Production of chemical fertilizers and insecticides;
(k) Marine fisheries; and
(l) Livestock proliferation, prevention and treatment of diseases and research
works.
6. Energy, Electricity, Mining and Forestry Sector

(a) Petroleum, natural gas, other liquids and substances declared by the Union
Law to be dangerously inflammable;
183
4/ pD ; yG m ;a&;u@
(u) pD;yGm;a&;?
( c ) ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;?
( * ) or0g,r?
(C) aumfyakd &;&Si;f ? bkwt f zGUJ ? vkyif ef;? ukrP
Ü ?D tpkpyf?
( i ) oGi;f uke?f xkwu f ek Ef iS ,
fh if;ukeyf pön;f rsm;\ t&nftaoG;owfrw
S jf cif;?
( p ) [dw k ,fEiS w
fh nf;cdck ef;?
(q) c&D;oGm;vma&;vkyif ef;/
5/ pkdufysKd;a&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@
(u) ajr,mpDrcH efcY rJG ?I
( c ) ajrvGw?f ajrvyfEiS fh ajr½dik ;f rsm; azmfxw k jf cif;?
( * ) aMu;wdik Ef iS fh ajrpm&if;?
(C) ajrwdik ;f ?
( i ) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efcY o
JG nfh qnfajrmif;? wmwrHEiS fh pdu
k yf sK;d a&&&Sad &;
vkyif ef;rsm;?
( p ) rd;k av0o? ZvaA'ESifh ajrivsiw f ikd ;f wma&;?
(q) pmcsKypf mwrf;rSwyf w kH ifjcif;?
( Z ) pufrv I ,f,m?
(ps) pdu k yf sK;d a&;okawoe?
(n) "mwfajrMoZmESifh yd;k owfaq; xkwv f yk af &;?
( # ) yifv,fig;vkyif ef;?
( X ) wd&pämefrsK;d yGm;a&;? a&m*gumuG,af &;? ukoa&;ESifh okawoevkyif ef;
rsm;/
6/ pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@

(u) a&eH? obm0"mwfaiGUESifh jynfaxmifpkOya't& ab;tEÅ&m,f jzpf
avmufatmif avmifuRr;f apwwfonf[k owfrwS x
f m;aom tjcm;
t&nftcJ ponfrsm;?
184
(b) Production and distribution of electricity of the Union;
(c) Minerals, mines, safety of mine workers, and environmental conservation
and restoration;
(d) Gems;
(e) Pearls;
(f) Forests; and
(g) Environmental protection and conservation including wildlife, natural plants
and natural areas.
7. Industrial Sector
(a) Industries to be undertaken by the Union level;
(b) Industrial zones;
(c) Basic standardization and specification for manufactured products;
(d) Science and technology and research thereon;
(e) Standardization of weights and measures; and
(f) Intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trademarks and industrial
designs.
8. Transport, Communication and Construction Sector

(a) Inland water transport;
(b) Maintenance of waterways;
(c) Development of water resources and rivers and streams;
(d) Carriage by sea;
(e) Major ports;
(f) Lighthouses, lightships and lighting plans;
(g) Shipbuilding, repair and maintenance;
(h) Air transport;
184
(c) jynfaxmifpk vQypf pf"mwftm; xkwv f yk jf zefjY zL;a&;?
(*) owåKrsm;? owåKwiG ;f rsm;? owåKwiG ;f tvkyo f rm;ab;uif;a&;? obm0
ywf0ef;usixf ed ;f odr;f a&;ESihf jyefvnfjyKjyifwnfaqmufa&;?
(C) ausmufrsu&f wem?
(i) ykv?J
(p) opfawm?
(q) awm½kdif;wd&pämefrsm;? obm0tyifrsm;ESifh obm0e,fajrrsm;
tygt0if ywf0ef;usiu f muG,af &;ESihf xde;f odr;f a&;/
7/ pufrIvufrIu@
(u) jynfaxmifpt k qihu f aqmif&u G rf nfh pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
( c ) pufrZI ek rf sm;?
( * ) xkwv f yk o
f nfyh pön;f rsm;twGuf tajccHpcH sed pf ñ H eT ;f rsm;?
(C) odyEHÜ iS efh nf;ynm? odyEHÜ iS efh nf;ynmqdik &f m okawoe?
( i ) tav;wif;awmif;? twdik ;f twmponfwu Ykd kd pHjyKjcif;?
( p ) rlydkifcGihfrsm;? wDxGifrIrlydkifcGihfrsm;? ukeftrSwf wHqdyfrsm;? pufrIqdkif&m
'DZikd ;f rsm;ponfh todÓPfqikd &f mypön;f rsm;/
8/ ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@

(u) jynfwiG ;f a&aMumif;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
( c ) a&aMumif;vrf;rsm;jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
( * ) a&t&if;tjrpfEiS fh jrpfacsmif;rsm; zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
(C) yifv,fa&aMumif;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
( i ) yifv,fu;l oabFmqdyu f rf;Bu;D rsm;?
( p ) rD;jywduk ?f rD;jyoabFmESifh rD;jytpDtrHrsm;?
(q) oabFmwnfaqmufa&;? jyifqifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
( Z ) avaMumif;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
185
(i) Air navigation, control and airfields construction;
(j) Land transport;
(k) Railways;
(l) Major highways and bridges managed by the Union;
(m) Posts, telegraphs, telephones, fax, e-mail, internet, intranet and similar
means of communication; and
(n) Television, satellite communication, transmission and reception, and similar
means of communication and housing and buildings.
9. Social Sector
(a) Educational curricula, syllabus, teaching methodology, research, plans,
projects and standards;
(b) Universities, degree colleges, institutes and other institutions of higher
education;
(c) Examinations prescribed by the Union;
(d) Private schools and training;
(e) National sports;
(f) National health;
(g) Development of traditional medicinal science and traditional medicine;
(h) Charitable hospitals and clinics and private hospitals and clinics;
(i) Maternal and child welfare;
(j) Red cross society;
(k) Prevention from adulteration, manufacture and sale of foodstuffs, drugs,
medicines and cosmetics;
(l) Welfare of children, youths, women, the disabled, the aged and the
homeless;
(m) Relief and rehabilitation;
185
(ps) avaMumif;yso H ef;a&;? xde;f odr;f a&;ESifh av,mOfuiG ;f wnfaqmufa&;?
(n) uke;f vrf;o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;?
(#) rD;&xm;?
(X) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efcY o
JG nfv
h rf;rBu;D rsm;? wHwm;Bu;D rsm;?
(!) pmwdkuf? aMu;eef;? w,fvDzkef;? zuf(pf)? tD;ar;vf? tifwmeuf?
tifx&meufEiS fh tvm;wl qufo, G af &;rsm;?
(¡) ½kyfjrifoHMum;? N*dK[fwkqufoG,fa&;? toHvTifhtoHzrf;vkyfief;ESifh
tvm;wl qufoG,fa&;rsm;? tdrf&mESifh taqmufttkHrsm;/
9/ vl r I a &;u@
(u) ynmoifMum;a&;qdik &f m oif½;kd ñTe;f wrf;? oif½;kd rmwdum? oifjyenf;
pepf? okawoe? pDru H ed ;f ? pDrcH suEf iS phf rH sm;?
( c ) wuúodkvf? 'D*&Daumvdyf? odyÜHponfhoifwef;rsm;ESifh tqifhjrifhynm
tjcm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
( * ) jynfaxmifpu k owfrw S o f nfh pmar;yGrJ sm;?
(C) ud, k yf ikd af usmif;rsm;ESihf oifwef;rsm;?
( i ) trsK;d om;tm;upm;?
( p ) trsK;d om;use;f rma&;?
(q) wdik ;f &if;aq;ynmESifh wdik ;f &if;aq;0g;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
( Z ) ukov kd jf zpfaq;½Hrk sm;ESiahf q;cef;rsm;? yk*v ¾ ud aq;½Hrk sm;ESiahf q;cef;rsm;?
(ps) rdcifEiS u hf av;apmifah &Smufa&;?
(n) MuufajceDtoif;?
( # ) tpm;taomuf? aq;0g;? aq;ypön;f ESihf tvSuek pf onfwYkd wkya&maESm
xkwv f yk af &mif;csjcif;rS umuG,af &;?
( X ) uav;oli,frsm;? vli,frsm;? trsKd;orD;rsm;? roefrpGrf;olrsm;?
oufBu;D &G,t f rkd sm;? tajctaerJrh sm;tm; apmifah &Smufa&;?
( ! ) u,fq,fa&;ESihf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;udp&ö yfrsm;?
186
(n) Fire Brigade;
(o) Working hours, resting-hours, holidays and occupational safety;
(p) Trade disputes;
(q) Social security;
(r) Labour organizations;
(s) Managements by the Union, the following:
(i) Ancient culture or historical sites, buildings, monuments, records,
stone inscriptions, ink inscriptions on stucco, palm-leaf parabaiks,
handwritings, handiworks, inanimate objects and archaeological
works;
(ii) Museums and libraries.
(t) Literature, dramatic arts, music, traditional arts and crafts, cinematographic
films and videos; and
(u) Registration of births and deaths.
10. Management Sector

(a) General administration;
(b) Administration of town and village land;
(c) Tenants;
(d) Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;
(e) Union secrets;
(f) Associations;
(g) Prisons;
(h) Development of border areas;
(i) Census;
(j) Citizenship, naturalization, termination and revocation of citizenship,
citizenship scrutiny and registration; and
(k) Titles and honours.
186
( ¡ ) rD;owfwyfzUJG ?
(P) tvkyfvkyfcsdef? em;csdef? tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;ESifh vkyfief;cGifqdkif&m
ab;tEÅ&m,f uif;&Si;f a&;?
(w) 0gPdZyÆ #dyu©?
(x) vlrl zI v
l akH &;?
( ' ) tvkyo f rm;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;?
( " ) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efcY o
JG nfh -
(1) a&S;a[mif;,Ofaus;rI odrYk [kwf ordik ;f 0ifa'orsm;? taqmuf
ttHkrsm;? txdrf;trSwfrsm;? rSwfwrf;rsm;? ausmufpmrsm;?
rifpmrsm;? ayyk&ydu k rf sm;? vufa&;pmrsm;? vuf&mrsm;? ½ky0f w¬K
ypön;f rsm;? a&S;a[mif;okawoevkyif ef;rsm;?
(2) jywdkufrsm;? pmMunfhwdkufrsm;/
( e ) pmay? obif? *Dw? ½dk;&myef;? ½kyf&Sif? AD'D,kd?
( y ) arG;zGm;jcif;ESihf aoqH;k jcif;qdik &f m rSwyf w
kH ifa&;/
10/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@
(u) taxGaxGtyk cf sKyaf &;?
( c ) &Gmajr? NrKd Uajr pDrcH efcY aJG &;?
( * ) tdrif mS ;? ajriSm;?
(C) rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf pdwu f akd jymif;vJapwwfaomaq;0g;?
( i ) Edik if aH wmfvQKd U0Sucf sux f ed ;f odr;f a&;qkifd &f mudprö sm;?
( p ) toif;tzGUJ rsm;?
(q) tusO;f axmif?
( Z ) e,fpyfa'ozGUH NzKd ;wk;d wufa&;?
(ps) oef;acgifpm&if;?
(n) Edik if o H m;jzpfjcif;? Edik if o
H m;jyKjcif;? Edik if o
H m;tjzpfr&S yfpjJ cif;? ½kyo
f rd ;f jcif;?
Edik if oH m;pdppfa&;ESihf rSwyf w Hk ifvyk if ef;?
( # ) bGJUxl;? *kPfxl;/
187
11. Judicial Sector
(a) Judiciary;
(b) Lawyers;
(c) Criminal Laws and procedures;
(d) Civil Laws and procedures including contract, arbitration, actionable wrong,
insolvency, trust and trustees, administrator and receiver, family laws,
guardians and wards, transfer of property and inheritance;
(e) Law of Evidence;
(f) Limitation;
(g) Suit valuation;
(h) Specific relief;
(i) Foreign jurisdiction;
(j) Admiralty jurisdiction; and
(k) Piracies, crimes committed in international waters or in outer space and
offences against the international law on land or in international waters or
in outer space.
187
11/ w&m;pD & if a &;u@
(u) w&m;pD&ifa&;?
( c ) a&SUaersm;?
( * ) jypfrq I idk &f m Oya'rsm;? usix hf ;Hk rsm;?
(C) w&m;rOya'rsm;? usifhxkH;rsm;tygt0if? y#dnmOf? tEknmw pD&if
qk;H jzwfa&;? w&m;pGq J ydk idk cf iG &hf adS om epfemcsurf sm;? vlrt JG jzpfc,
H jl cif;?
,krH w S t f yfEjHS cif;ESihf ,krH w
S t f yfEx HS m;ojzifh pDryH idk cf iG &hf o
dS rl sm;? tarGxed ;f ESihf
ypönf;xdef;? rdom;pkqkdif&mOya'rsm;? tkyfxdef;olrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;
cH&olrsm;? ypön;f vTaJ jymif;jcif;? tarGqufcaH &;?
( i ) oufaocHOya'?
( p ) umvpnf;urf;owf?
(q) trIwefz;dk owfrw S jf cif;?
( Z ) oD;jcm;oufomcGi?hf
(ps) Edik if jH cm;pD&ifyidk cf iG t hf mPm?
(n) yifv,fa&aMumif;pD&ifyikd cf iG ?hf
( # ) yifv,f"m;jyrIrsm;? EdkifiHwumyifv,fjyif odkYr[kwf aumif;uif,Hü
usL;vGefaomjypfrIrsm;? tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'ukd azmufzsufí
ajrjyif odkYr[kwf EdkifiHwumyifv,fjyif odkYr[kwf aumif;uif,Hü
usL;vGeaf omjypfrrI sm;/
188
SCHEDULE TWO
Region or State Legislative List
1. Finance and Planning Sector

(a) The Region or State budget;
(b) The Region or State fund;
(c) Land revenue;
(d) Excise duty (not including narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances);
(e) Municipal taxes such as taxes on buildings and lands, water, street lightings
and wheels;
(f) Services of the Region or State;
(g) Sale, lease and other means of execution of property of the Region or
State;
(h) Disbursement of loans in the country from the Region or State funds;
(i) Investment in the country from the Region or State funds;
(j) Local plan; and
(k) Small loans business.
2. Economic Sector
(a) Economic matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with law
enacted by the Union;
(b) Commercial matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with law
enacted by the Union; and
(c) Co-operative matters undertaken in the Region or State in accord with
law enacted by the Union.
188
Z,m; 2
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;
1/ b@ma&;ESifhpDrHudef;u@
(u) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ft&toH;k cefrY eS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyakH iG?
( * ) ajr,mcGe?f
(C) ,pfrsKd ;cGef (rl;,pfaq;0g;ESihf pdwu f akd jymif;vJapwwfonfh aq;0g;rsm;
ryg)?
( i ) taqmufttHkESifh ajrcGef? a&cGef? vrf;rD;cGef? bD;cGefponfh pnfyif
om,ma&;qkid &f m tcGet f crsm;?
( p ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,frsm;\ 0efaqmifrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
(q) wkid ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fyikd yf pön;f rsm; a&mif;csjcif;? iSm;&rf;jcif;ESihf
tjcm;enf;jzifah qmif&u G jf cif;?
( Z ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyaHk iGrsm; jynfwiG ;f üxkwaf cs;
jcif;?
(ps) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyaHk iGrsm; jynfwiG ;f ü &if;ES;D
jrK§ yEf jHS cif;?
(n) a'oEÅ&pDru H ed ;f ?
( # ) tao;pm;aiGacs;vkyif ef;/
2/ pD ; yG m ;a&;u@
(u) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&uG o f nfh pD;yGm;a&;udprö sm;?
( c ) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&u
G o f nfh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;udprö sm;?
( * ) jynfaxmifpku jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESihftnD wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf
jynfe,ftwGi;f aqmif&u G o f nhf or0g,rudprö sm;/
189
3. Agriculture and Livestock Breeding Sector
(a) Agriculture;
(b) Protection against and control of plants and crop pests and diseases;
(c) Systematic use of chemical fertilizers and systematic production and use
of natural fertilizers;
(d) Agricultural loans and savings;
(e) Dams, embankments, lakes, drains and irrigation works having the right
to be managed by the Region or State;
(f) Fresh water fisheries; and
(g) Livestock breeding and systematic herding in accord with the law enacted
by the Union.
4. Energy, Electricity, Mining and Forestry Sector

(a) Medium and small scale electric power production and distribution that
have the right to be managed by the Region or State not having any link
with national power grid, except large scale electric power production
and distribution having the right to be managed by the Union;
(b) Salt and salt products;
(c) Cutting and polishing of gemstones within the Region or State;
(d) Village firewood plantation; and
(e) Recreation centers, zoological garden and botanical garden.
5. Industrial Sector
(a) Industries other than those prescribed to be undertaken by the Union
level; and
(b) Cottage industries.
189
3/ pkdufysKd;aa&;ES
&;ESifharG;jrLa&;u@
(u) v,f,mpdu k yf sK;d a&;?
( c ) tyifEiS o fh ;D ESzH suyf ;kd rTm;a&m*g umuG,af &;ESifh ESrd ef if;a&;?
( * ) "mwfajrMoZm pepfwus oH;k pGaJ &;ESifh obm0ajrMoZmrsm; pepfwus
xkwv f yk o f ;kH pGaJ &;?
(C) pdu k yf sK;d a&; acs;aiGEiS fh pkaiGrsm;?
( i ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGihf&Sdaom qnfajrmif;?
wmwrH? a&uef? a&Ekwaf jrmif;ESifh pdu k yf sK;d a&&&Sad &;vkyif ef;rsm;?
( p ) a&csKid g;vkyif ef;?
(q) jynfaxmifpu k jy|mef;onhf Oya'ESit fh nD wd&pämefarG;jrLa&;ESifh pepf
wus xde;f ausmif;a&;/
4/ pGrf;tif? vQyfppf? owåKESifh opfawmu@

(u) jynfaxmifpu k pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o
dS nfh tBu;D pm;vQypf pf"mwftm; xkwv
f yk f
jzefYjzL;a&;rSty r[m"mwftm;vkdif;ESifh qufoG,fjcif;r&Sdaom
wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh tvwfpm;ESifh
tao;pm; vQypf pf"mwftm; xkwv f yk jf zefjY zL;a&;?
( c ) qm;ESiq hf m;xGuyf pön;f ?
( * ) wkdif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif; ausmufrsuf&wem jzwf
awmufjcif;? aoG;jcif;?
(C) aus;&Gmxif;pku d cf if;?
( i ) tyef;ajzpcef;rsm;? wd&pämefO,smOf? ½kua© A'O,smOf/
5/ pufrIvufrIu@
(u) jynfaxmifpt k qihu
f aqmif&u G &f ef owfrw
S x
f m;onhf pufrv
I yk if ef;
rsm;rSty tjcm;pufrv I yk if ef;rsm;?
( c ) tdrwf iG ;f pufrv
I ufrv
I yk if ef;rsm;/
190
6. Transport, Communication and Construction Sector
(a) Ports, jetties and pontoons having the right to be managed by the Region
or State;
(b) Roads and bridges having the right to be managed by the Region or State;
and
(c) Systematic running of private vehicles within the Region or State.
7. Social Sector
(a) Matters on traditional medicine not contrary to traditional medicine policies
prescribed by the Union;
(b) Social welfare works within the Region or State;
(c) Preventive and precautionary measures against fire and natural disasters;
(d) Stevedoring;
(e) Having the right of management by the Region or State, the following:
(i) preservation of cultural heritage;
(ii) museums and libraries.
(f) Theatres, cinemas and video houses; and
(g) Exhibitions such as photographs, paintings and sculptures.
8. Management Sector
(a) Development matters;
(b) Town and housing development; and
(c) Honorary certificates and awards.
190
6/ ydkYaqmifa&;? qufoG,fa&;ESifh aqmufvkyfa&;u@
(u) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGifh&Sdonfh qdyfurf;rsm;?
oabFmqdyrf sm;? qdycf rH sm;?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o
dS nfv
h rf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;?
( * ) wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;om oGm;vmonfh yk*¾vdu
,mOfrsm; pepfwusajy;qGEJ ikd af &;/
7/ vl r I a &;u@
(u) jynfaxmifpku csrSwfxm;onfh wdkif;&if;aq;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;ESifh
rqefuY siaf om wdik ;f &if;aq;qdik &f mudprö sm;?
( c ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f vlr0I efxrf;vkyif ef;rsm;?
( * ) rD;ab;ESihf obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; BuKd wifumuG,af &;?
(C) ukew f ifuek cf svyk if ef;?
( i ) wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efcY cJG iG &hf o
dS nfh –
(1) ,Ofaus;rItarGtESprf sm;xde;f odr;f a&;?
(2) jywku d Ef iS phf mMunfw h u dk rf sm;/
( p ) Zmwf½?kH ½ky&f iS ½f EkH iS hf AD',
D ½kd ?kH
(q) "mwfy?kH yef;cs?D yef;yk ponfjh yyGrJ sm;/
8/ pDrHcefYcGJa&;u@
(u) pnfyifom,ma&;?
( c ) NrKd U&GmESihf td;k tdrzf UHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&;?
( * ) *kPx f ;l aqmifvufrw S rf sm;ESihf *kPx
f ;l aqmifqyk pön;f rsm;/
191
SCHEDULE THREE
List of Legislation of the Leading Body of Self-Administered
Division or Self-Administered Area
1. Urban and Rural Projects
2. Construction and Maintenance of Roads and Bridges
3. Public Health
4. Development Affairs
5. Prevention of Fire Hazard
6. Maintenance of Pasture
7. Conservation and Preservation of Forest
8. Preservation of Natural Environment in Accord with Law Promulgated by the
Union
9. Water and Electricity Matters in Towns and Villages
10. Market Matters of Towns and Villages

191
Z,m; 3
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&wdkif; odkYr[kwf
udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGihf&a'o OD;pD;tzGJU\ Oya'jyKpm&if;
1/ NrKd UjyESifh aus;&GmpDru

H ed ;f rsm;?
2/ vrf;wHwm;rsm; azmufvyk ?f wnfaqmuf? jyKjyifxed ;f odr;f a&;?
3/ jynfou
Yl se;f rma&;?
4/ pnfyifom,ma&;vkyif ef;?
5/ rD;ab;tEÅ&m,fBuKd wifumuG,af &;?
6/ pm;usuaf jrrsm;xde;f odr;f a&;?
7/ opfawmrsm;umuG,x
f ed ;f odr;f a&;?
8/ jynfaxmifpu
k jy|mef;onfh Oya'ESit
hf nD obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f a&;?
9/ NrKd UESifh aus;&Gmrsm;twGi;f a&ESifh vQypf pfr;D qdik &f mudp?ö
10/ NrKd Ursm;ESifh aus;&Gmrsm;\ aps;rsm;qdik &f mudp/ö

192
SCHEDULE FOUR
Form of Oaths or Affirmation
I ................ do solemnly and sincerely promise that as an elected representative

of the Pyithu Hluttaw/ the Amyotha Hluttaw/ the Region or State Hluttaw, I will uphold
and abide by the Constitution of the Union. I will be loyal to the Republic of the
Union of Myanmar and citizenry and hold always in esteem non-disintegration
of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty.
In addition, I will carry out the responsibilities uprightly to the best of my ability.
192
Z,m; 4
uwdopömjyKcsuf odkYr[kwf usrf;opömqdkcsuf ykHpH
jynfolUvTwfawmf?
uGsEkfyf ———---——— onf trsKd;om;vTwfawmf? udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fvTwfawmf
a&G;cs,fcH&NyD;jzpfojzihf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'udk xdef;odrf;umuG,f apmifh
a&SmufNyD; EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'rsm;udkvnf; vdkufemygrnf/ jynfaxmifpkor®w
jrefrmEdik if aH wmfEiS hf Edik if o
H m;rsm;tay: opömapmifo
h ½d adk oygrnf/ jynfaxmifpk rNyKd uaGJ &;?
wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vkH;nDñGwfrIrNydKuGJa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHh cdkifNrJa&;wdkYudk
xm0pOfOD;xdyfyefqifaqmif&Gufygrnf/ xkdYjyif,ckuGsEfkyfxrf;aqmifrnfjzpfaom
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk ajzmifrh wfreS u f efpmG aqmif&u G rf nf[k av;eufwnfMunfpmG
uwdopömjyKygonf/
usrf;opömqdkygonf/
193
SCHEDULE FIVE
Taxes Collected by Region or States
1. Land revenue.
2. Excise revenue.
3. Water tax and embankment tax based on dams and reservoirs managed by the
Region or State and tax on use of electricity generated by such facilities managed
by the Region or State.
4. Toll fees from using roads and bridges managed by the Region or State.
5. (a) Royalty collected on fresh water fisheries.
(b) Royalty collected on marine fisheries within the permitted range of territorial
water.
6. Taxes collected on vehicles on road transport and vessels on inland waterway
transport, in accord with law, in a Region or a State.
7. Proceeds, rent fees and other profits from those properties owned by a Region or
a State.
8. Fees, taxes and other revenues collected on services enterprises by a Region or a
State.
193
Z,m; 5
wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u aumufcH&rnfh
tcG e f t crsm;
1/ ajr,mcGe?f
2/ ,pfrsKd ;cGe?f
3/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,fu pDrcH efcY cJG iG &fh o

dS nfh qnfrsm;? wmwrHrsm;udk
t&if;cHonfh a&cGef? wmwrHcGefESifh xdkqnfrsm;? wmwrHrsm;\ a&tm;jzifh
xkwv f yk &f &So
d nfh vQypf pf"mwftm;oH;k pGcJ ?
4/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fu pDrHcefYcGJcGihf&Sdonfhvrf;rsm;? wHwm;rsm;

jzwfoef;c?
5/ (u) a&csKid g;vkyif ef;tay:wGif pnf;Muyfaumufco

H nfh b@mawmfaMu;?
(c) owfrw S x
f m;aom tuGmta0;twGi;f yifv,fig;zrf;vkyif ef;tay:
wGif pnf;MuyfaumufcHonfh b@mawmfaMu;/
6/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,f ukef;vrf;? a&vrf;oHk;,mOfrsm;qdkif&m

Oya't& pnf;MuyfaomtcGe?f
7/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fykdifypönf;rsm; a&mif;&aiGESifh iSm;&rf;crsm;?

,if;ypön;f rsm;rS &&Sad om tjcm;tusK;d tjrwfrsm;?
8/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,frsm;u 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;twGuf

owfrw S f aumufcoH nfh tcaMu;aiGrsm;? tcGet
f crsm;ESifh tjcm;&aiGrsm;?
194
9. Fines imposed by judicial courts in a Region or a State including Region Taya
Hluttaw or State Taya Hluttaw and taxes collected on service provision and other
revenues.
10. Interests from disbursed by a Region or State.
11. Profits returned from investment of a Region or State.
12. Taxes collected on extraction of the following items from the forests in a Region or
a State:
(a) Taxes collected on all other woods except teak and other restricted hard
woods;
(b) Taxes collected on firewood, charcoal, rattan, bamboo, birdnests, cutch,
thanetkha, turpentine, eaglewood and honey-based products.
13. Registration fees.
14. Taxes on entrainments.
15. Salt tax.
16. Revenue received from the Union Fund Account.
17. Contributions by development affairs organizations in a Region or State concerned.
18. Unclaimed cash and property.
19. Treasure trove.

194
9/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D w&m;vTwaf wmf odrYk [kwf jynfe,fw&m;vTwaf wmf tygt0if
wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd w&m;½H;k rsm;u csrw
S o
f nfh 'PfaiGrsm;?
0efaqmifrt I wGuf aumufco H nfh tcGet f crsm;ESifh tjcm;&aiGrsm;?
10/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,fb@m&efyHkaiGrsm; xkwfacs;ojzifh &&Sdaom

twd;k rsm;?
11/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,f\ &if;ES;D jrK§ yEf rHS jI zif&h &So
d nfh tusK;d tjrwfrsm;?
12/ wdik ;f a'oBu;D odrYk [kwf jynfe,ftwGi;f &Sd opfawmrsm;rS atmufygypön;f rsm;
xkwf,lonfhtwGuf aumufcHonfhtcGeftcrsm; -
(u) uRef;ESifhowfrSwfaomopfrmrsm;rSty usefopfrsm;tay:wGif
aumufco H nft
h cGe?f
( c ) xif;? rD;aoG;? Budrf? 0g;? iSufodkuf? &Sm;ap;? oeyfcg;? xif;&SL;qD?
opfarT;? ysm;xGuyf pön;f rsm; ponfwt Ykd ay: aumufco
H nft
h cGe/f
13/ rSwyf w
kH ifaMu;?
14/ yGcJ eG ?f
15/ qm;cGe?f
16/ jynfaxmifpk b@m&efyakH iGrS &&So

d nfb
h @maiGrsm;?
17/ wdkif;a'oBuD; odkYr[kwf jynfe,ftwGif;&Sd pnfyifom,ma&;qdkif&m tzGJU

tpnf;rsm;\ xnf0h ifaiGrsm;?
18/ ydik &f iS rf ay:aom oGi;f xm;aiGrsm;ESiyhf pön;f rsm;?
19/ &wemodu
k /f
THE CONSTITUTION
OF
THE UNION OF BURMA (1974)
CONTENTS
PREAMBLE
CHAPTER I: THE STATE
CHAPTER II: BASIC PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER III: STATE STRUCTURE
CHAPTER IV: PYITHU HLUTTAW
CHAPTER V: COUNCIL OF STATE
CHAPTER VI: COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
CHAPTER VII: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S JUSTICES
CHAPTER VIII: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S ATTORNEYS
CHAPTER IX: COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S INSPECTORS
CHAPTER X: PEOPLE'S COUNCILS
CHAPTER XI: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AN DUTIES OF CITIZENS
CHAPTER XII: ELECTORAL SYSTEM
CHAPTER XIII: RECALL, RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT
CHAPTER XIV: STATE FLAG, STATE SEAL, NATIONAL ANTHEM, AND STATE CAPITAL
CHAPTER XV: AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
CHAPTER XVI: GENERAL PROVISIONS

PREAMBLE
We, the people residing in the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma have throughout history
lived in harmony and unity sharing joys and sorrows in weal or woe.
The people of the land have endeavoured with perseverance and undaunted courage, for the
attainment of independence, displaying throughout their struggles for national liberation against
imperialism an intense patriotism, spirit of mutual help and sacrifice and have aspired to
Democracy and Socialism.
After attaining independence, the power and influence of the feudalists, landlords, and capitalists
had increased and consolidated due to the defects in the old Constitution and the ill-effects of
capitalistic parliamentary democracy. The cause of Socialism came under near eclipse.
In order to overcome this deterioration and to build Socialism, the Revolutionary Council of the
Union of Burma assumed responsibility as a historical mission, adopted the Burmese Way to
Socialism, and also formed the Burma Socialist Programme Party.
The Burma Socialist Programme Party has drafted the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the
Union of Burma, in accordance with the wishes of the people, after extensive and thorough
discussions with them, for the purpose of building a peaceful and prosperous socialist society to
which the working people of the national races have long aspired.
We, the working people, firmly resolved that we shall-
- faithfully follow the leadership of the Burma Socialist Programme Party,
- build a socialist economic system by the Burmese Way to Socialism, for the country to be
peaceful and prosperous, opposing all pernicious systems characterised by exploitation of man by
man, and of one national race by another, with a view to promoting justice and goodwill among
the people, and to freeing them from apathy and callousness, ignorance, backwardness and want
of opportunity,
- build a socialist democratic social order which will afford an opportunity to the people to shape
their own destiny, by the Burmese Way to Socialism,
- live forever in harmony unity and racial equality sharing joys and sorrows through weal and woe
in the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma,
- efficiently perform all duties and fulfil all obligations in the interest of the State and for the cause
of Socialism while enjoying the democratic rights and personal rights and freedom bestowed by
this Constitution,
- constantly strive to promote international peace and friendly relations among the nations,
do adopt this Constitution of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma by a nation-wide
referendum this IIth day of the waxing of Pyatho of the year 1335 B.E. (the 3rd day of the month
of January, 1974 A.D.).
CHAPTER I
THE STATE
Article 1
Burma is a sovereign independent Socialist State of the working people. The State shall be known
as The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma.
Article 2
The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma is a State wherein various national races make their
homes together.
Article 3
The territory of the State shall be the land, sea and airspace which constitute its territory on the
day this Constitution is adopted.
Article 4
National sovereignty shall reside in the entire State.
CHAPTER II
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Article 5
A Socialist society is the goal of the State.
Article 6
The economic system of the State is a Socialist economic system.
Article 7
Socialist democracy is the basis of the State structure.
Article 8
There shall be no exploitation of man by man nor of one national race by another in the State.
Article 9
The State safeguards the interests of the working people whose strength is based on peasants
and workers.
Article 10
The State shall cultivate and promote the all-round physical, intellectual and moral development
of youth.
Article 11
The State shall adopt a single-party system. The Burma Socialist Programme Party is the sole
political party and it shall lead the State.
Article 12
The sovereign powers of the State, legislative, executive and judicial reside in the people,
comprising all national races whose strength is based on peasants and workers. The Pyithu
Hluttaw[1]1, elected by citizens having the right to vote, exercises the sovereign power invested
in it by the people and delegates to Organs of State Power in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 13
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall exercise the legislative power solely by itself while it may delegate
executive and judicial powers to the Central and Local Organs of State Power formed under this
Constitution.
Article 14
The Organs of State Power at different levels shall function in accordance with socialist democratic
practices which include mutual reporting, mutually offering, accepting and respecting of advice
and wishes, collective leadership, collective decision making, abiding by collective decisions, lower
organs carrying out the decisions and directives of the higher organs which in turn respect the
views submitted by the lower organs.
Article 15
Every citizen has, in accordance with this Constitution and other relevant laws, the right to-
(a) elect, and to be elected as, people's representatives to the Organs of State Power at different
levels;
(b) recall elected people's representatives.
Article 16
Every people's representative, elected to any Organ of State Power, shall report back to the
electorate on his work and shall also ascertain the wishes of the people.
Article 17
The working people shall have full participation in local matters, so that such matters may be
resolved as far as possible, at the local level. They shall be invested with duties and powers.
Article 18
The State-
(a) is the ultimate owner of all natural resources above and below the ground, above and beneath
the waters and in the atmosphere, and also of all the lands;
(b) shall develop, extract, exploit and utilise the natural resources in the interest of the working
people of all the national races.
Article 19
The State shall nationalise the means of production within the land. Suitable enterprises shall be
owned and operated by co-operatives.
Article 20
The State may, in accordance with law, permit such private enterprises which do not undermine
the socialist economic system.
Article 21
(a) The State shall be responsible for constantly developing and promoting unity, mutual
assistance, amity and mutual respect among the national races.
(b) The national races shall enjoy the freedom to profess their religion, use and develop their
language, literature and culture, follow their cherished traditions and customs, provided that the
enjoyment of any such freedom does not offend the laws or the public interest.
Article 22
All citizens shall-
(a) be equal before the law, regardless of race, religion, status, or sex;
(b) enjoy equal opportunities;
(c) enjoy the benefits derived from his labour in proportion to his contribution in manual or mental
labour;
(d) have the right to inherit according to law.
Article 23
No penal law shall have retrospective effect.
Article 24
Punishments shall not be awarded in violation of human dignity.
Article 25
Laws shall be enacted to enforce the freedoms, powers, rights, duties and restrictions prescribed
by this Constitution.
Article 26
The State consistently practises an independent foreign policy, aimed at international peace and
friendly relations among nations, and upholds the principles of peaceful co-existence of nations.
Article 27
These basic principles constitute the guidelines for interpreting the provisions of this Constitution
and of other laws.
[1] People’s Congress
CHAPTER III
STATE STRUCTURE
Article 28
Local autonomy under central leadership is the system of the State.
Article 29
(a) Local areas of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma shall be organised as follows:-
(1) villages are organised as village-tracts;
(2) wards are organised as towns;
(3) village-tracts and towns are organised as townships;
(4) townships are organised as states or divisions;
(5) states and divisions are organised as the State.
(b) The different levels of administrative areas of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
shall be as follows:-
(1) wards or village-tracts;
(2) townships;
(3) states or divisions;
(4) the State.
Article 30
(a) Kawthoolei is constituted as Karen State;
(b) Chin Special Division is constituted as Chin State;
(c) Tenasserim Division (I) is constituted as Mon State;

(d) Tenasserim Division (2) is constituted as Tenasserim Division;
(e) Arakan Division is constituted as Arakan State.
Article 31
The States and Divisions of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma are as follows:-
(a) Kachin State
(b) Kayah State
(c) Karen State
(d) Chin State
(e) Sagaing Division
(f) Tenasserim Division
(g) Pegu Division
(h) Magwe Division
(i) Mandalay Division
(j) Mon State
(k) Arakan State
(l) Rangoon Division
(m) Shan State
(n) Irrawaddy Division.
Article 32
The Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma has a unicameral Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 33
The Council of State shall be formed for the purpose of directing, supervising and co-ordinating
the works of the Central and Local Organs of State Power and of the Bodies of Public Services in
accordance with the laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 34
The following Central Organs of State Power shall be formed to carry out the tasks laid down by
the Pyithu Hluttaw:-
(a) The Council of Ministers;

(b) The Council of People's Justices;
(c) The Council of People's Attorneys;
(d) The Council of People's Inspectors.
Article 35
A People's Council shall be formed for each State, Division, Township, Ward and Village-tract.
Article 36
(a) An Executive Committee, a Committee of Judges and an Inspection Committee shall be formed
for each State, Division, or Township People's Council.
(b) An Executive Committee and a Committee of Judges shall be formed for each Ward or Village-
tract People's Council.
Article 37
Bodies of Public Services, such as bodies of Public Administrative Services, Judicial Services, Law
Services and Accounts Services shall be formed where necessary at central and local levels.
Article 38
The Pyithu Hluttaw may, in the interests of the State re-demarcate the territorial limits of the
State by a vote of 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 39
The Pyithu Hluttaw may make laws to-
(a) reconstitute States or Divisions as the need arises, after ascertaining the wishes of the citizens
residing in the States or Divisions concerned;
(b) re-demarcate the boundary of any State or Division, as the need arises, after ascertaining the
wishes of the citizens residing in the States or Divisions concerned;
(c) change the name of any State or Division, as the need arises, after ascertaining the wishes of
citizens residing in the State or Division concerned.
Article 40
The Council of Ministers may constitute or reconstitute villages, village-tracts, wards, towns and
townships within a State or Division, as the need arises, in consultation with the People's Councils
concerned.
CHAPTER IV
PYITHU HLUTTAW
Article 41
The Pyithu Hluttaw is the highest Organ of state power. It exercises the sovereign powers of the
State on behalf of the people.
Article 42
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall be formed with People's representatives elected directly by secret ballot
by citizens who have the right to vote under this Constitution and other electoral laws.
Article 43
The regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw is four years from the date of its first session.
Article 44
The legislative power of the State is vested solely in the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 45
The Pyithu Hluttaw may delegate executive and judicial powers of the State to Central and Local
Organs of State Power in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 46
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall have the right to enact laws concerning the culture of a national race only
with the consent of more than half of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from the State or
Division concerned.
Article 47
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall have exclusive power to enact laws relating to State economic plans,
annual budget and taxation.
Article 48
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall decide-
(a) important matters only by a vote of 75 per cent of all of its members;
(b) ordinary matters by a vote of more than half of all its members;
(c) as to whether any matter is important or ordinary by a vote of more than half of the members
present.
Article 49
The Pyithu Hluttaw may decide to declare war and to make peace only by a vote of 75 per cent of
all its members. The Council of State shall convene an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw
should circumstances call for a decision while the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.
Article 50
The Pyithu Hluttaw may decide to hold a referendum where necessary.
Article 51
Regular sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened at least twice a year. The interval
between two sessions shall not exceed eight months. The Council of State may summon a special
or an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw where necessary.
Article 52
The Council of State shall convene a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw as soon as possible if 34 per
cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw so requisition.
Article 53
(a) A Panel of Chairmen shall be elected to preside at each regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(b) The members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from each State or Division shall elect a chairman from
among themselves to the Panel of Chairmen. The Pyithu Hluttaw shall give its approval to the
election of the chairmen.
(c) Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall preside over the sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw by
rotation.
(d) A member of the Pyithu Hluttaw who is also a member of the Council of State or of any
Central Organ of State Power shall not be a member of the Panel of Chairmen. Should a member
of the Panel of Chairmen- be elected to the Council of State or to any Central Organ of State
Power he shall resign from the Panel.
(e) The Panel of Chairmen shall continue to carry out its duties till a new Panel has been elected
at the next regular session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(f) The Panel of Chairmen of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall convene a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw if
the Council of State fails to comply within 30 days from the date of a requisition made under
Article 52.
Article 54
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall-
(a) constitute various Affairs Committees of the Pyithu Hluttaw relating to economic, financial,
social, public administrative, legislative, foreign, national races and other affairs, with members
elected from among those of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(b) in accordance with law constitute a National Defence and Security Committee consisting of a
suitable number of members of the Council of State and of the Council of Ministers.
Article 55
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall enact a law to enable the Council of People's Inspectors to conduct
inspections through committees to be formed by it, to determine whether or not the activities and
the work of the following bodies are beneficial to the interests of the people:-
(a) Local Organs of State Power;
(b) Ministries;
(c) Bodies of Public Services; and
(d) such other organisations as may be prescribed by law.
Article 56
The Pyithu Hluttaw may form Commissions and Committees as and when necessary and invest
them with duties and powers.
Article 57
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall make laws, rules and procedures for itself and for its Affairs Committees.
Article 58
The Council of State and the Central Organs of State Power shall be responsible to the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
Article 59
(a) If need should arise to arrest any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw while it is in session, reliable
evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Panel of Chairmen. No such arrest
shall be made without the prior approval of the Panel of Chairmen.
(b) If need should arise to arrest any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw belonging to any organ of the
Pyithu Hluttaw, while such organ is in session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be
produced before the Council of State. No such arrest shall be made without the prior approval of
the Council of State.
(c) If any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw is arrested while the Pyithu Hluttaw or any organ of the
Assembly to which he belongs is not in session the arrest and reliable evidence in support thereof
shall be submitted to the Council of State as soon as possible.
Article 60
All deliberations and actions in sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the Organs of the Pyithu
Hluttaw are absolutely privileged. No member shall be liable or punishable therefor, except under
the laws, rules and regulations of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 61
When the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session, the Central Organs of State Power shall reply to written
questions submitted by any member of the Pyithu Hluttaw within three weeks from the date of
receipt of the question.
Article 62
The Pyithu Hluttaw may be dissolved if 75 per cent of all its members so resolve.
Article 63
The Pyithu Hluttaw may dissolve any People's Council or People's Councils for any of the following
reasons:-
(a) violation of any provision of this Constitution,
(b) actions undermining national unity,
(c) endangering the stability of the State,
(d) contravention of any resolution adopted by the Pyithu Hluttaw,
(e) inefficient discharge of duties.
CHAPTER V
COUNCIL OF STATE
Article 64
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form the Council of State with the following persons elected from among
its members:-
(a) one member each elected by the States and Divisions, from among members of the Pyithu
Hluttaw of the State or Division concerned,
(b) members elected by the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw from among themselves, equal in
number to the number of representatives elected under Clause (a) of this Article, and
(c) the Prime Minister.
Article 65
Members of the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall elect from
among themselves the Chairman and the Secretary of the Council of State and shall obtain the
approval of the Pyithu Hluttaw for such election.
Article 66
The Chairman of the Council of State shall be the President of the Republic.
Article 67
The term of office of the President is the same as that of the Council of State.
Article 68
The President of the Republic represents the State.

Article 69
If the Chairman of the Council of State is temporarily incapable of performing his duties, the
Secretary of the Council of State shall perform the duties of the chairman, in addition to his own.
Article 70
The Council of State shall be responsible for giving effect to the provisions of this Constitution.
Article 71
The Council of State is responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall report on its activities to the
nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 72
The term of office of the Council of State is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. The Council of
State shall, on the expiry of the Pyithu Hluttaw, continue to perform its duties and functions till a
new Council of State has been duly elected and constituted.
Article 73
The Council of State shall-
(a) convene sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw in consultation with the Panel of Chairmen of the
Pyithu Hluttaw;
(b) interpret the laws other than this Constitution for the purpose of uniformity;
(c) promulgate laws enacted and rules made by the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(d) submit lists of candidates from among the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw to enable the Pyithu
Hluttaw to elect the Council of Ministers, the Council of People's Justices, the Council of People's
Attorneys and the Council of People's Inspectors. [Members of the Council of State elected under
Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall collectively submit such lists.];
(e) submit a list of candidates from among the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw to enable the
Pyithu Hluttaw to elect Affairs Committees of the Pyithu Hluttaw [Members of the Council of State
elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64 shall collectively submit such lists];
(f) make decisions concerning the establishment of diplomatic relations with foreign countries,
severance of such relations and appointment and recall of diplomatic representatives;
(g) make decisions concerning the acceptance of credentials of envoys of foreign States or their
recall;
(h) make decisions concerning the entering into, ratification or annulment of international treaties,
or the withdrawal from such treaties with the approval of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(i) make decisions concerning international agreements;
(j) appoint or remove Deputy Ministers;

(k) decide on the temporary suspension from duty or attendance of any session of any member of
the Pyithu Hluttaw against whom action for high treason may be called for, provided the approval
therefor shall be obtained from the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw;
(l) appoint or dismiss heads of Bodies of Public Services;
(m) abrogate the decisions and orders of the Central and Local Organs of State Power if they are
not consistent with the law;
(n) institute, confer or revoke titles, honours and awards;
(o) grant pardons or amnesty;
(p) perform other duties and exercise powers invested under this Constitution and other laws.
Article 74
The Council of State may make, if necessary, ordnances having the force of law, on matters other
than those prescribed in Article 47, during the interval between sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Such orders shall be submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw held
within go days. If no session of the Pyithu Hluttaw is due within 90 days after the promulgation of
such orders, an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened and approval
obtained. Such orders shall cease to have effect from the date on which they are disapproved by
the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 75
The Council of State may take suitable military action in the face of aggression against the State
and action so taken shall be submitted to an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. If the
situation is such that it is absolutely impossible to convene an emergency session of the Pyithu
Hluttaw, the Council of State may continue all necessary military action. Such action shall be
submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 76
The Council of State may declare a state of emergency and promulgate martial law in specified
areas or in the entire State, if an emergency affecting the defence and security of the State
should arise. It may order mobilisation in certain areas or in the entire State. Such measures shall
be submitted for approval to the nearest session of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 77
The Council of State may propose to the Pyithu Hluttaw the extension of the term of the Pyithu
Hluttaw or of the People's Councils at different levels by six months at a time up to three times, if
wars or natural disasters or conditions prejudicial to security render elections impossible though
the regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the People's Councils has expired.
Article 78
If an emergency arises in the entire State, the Council of State shall declare a state of emergency
and convene an emergency session of the Pyithu Hluttaw. If a sufficient number of Pyithu Hluttaw
members necessary to form a quorum fails to attend, the Council of State may take the following
measures:-
(a) the Council of State, the Central Organs of State Power, members of the Pyithu Hluttaw
belonging to the Organs of the Pyithu Hluttaw and those members who are able to attend the
session shall collectively perform the duties and functions of the Pyithu Hluttaw, and
(b) a session of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be convened as soon as the situation permits and
approval obtained on the measures taken on behalf of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 79
The Council of State shall direct, supervise and co-ordinate the work of the Central and Local
Organs of State Power and of the Bodies of Public Services in accordance with the laws, rules and
resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 80
The Chairman of the Council of State shall sign the laws, rules and resolutions passed by the
Pyithu Hluttaw as well as the orders promulgated by the Council of State. These shall be
promulgated in the official Gazette.
Article 81
Bodies of Public Services may be constituted only by decision of the Council of State.
CHAPTER VI
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Article 82
The Council of Ministers shall be formed as follows:-
(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of Ministers from among those members of
the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of the Council
of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.
(b) The Council of Ministers elects a Prime Minister from among its members.
(c) The Council of Ministers elects Deputy Prime Ministers from among the Ministers nominated by
the Prime Minister.
Article 83
The Council of Ministers is the highest executive organ of the State.
Article 84
The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw when the Pyithu Hluttaw is in session
and to the Council of State when the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.
Article 85
The Council of Ministers-
(a) shall submit to the Council of State a list of those members of the Pyithu Hluttaw who should
be appointed as Deputy Ministers;
(b) may propose to the Council of State the termination of the service of a Deputy Minister, when
necessary.
Article 86
(a) The term of office of the Council of Ministers is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw. On the
expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of Ministers shall continue to perform its
duties until a new Council of Ministers has been elected.
(b) The term of office of Deputy Ministers is the same as that of the Council of Ministers.
Article 87
The Council of Ministers-
(a) is responsible for the management of executive, economic, financial, social, cultural and
foreign affairs and national defence on behalf of the Pyithiu Hluttaw in accordance with the
principle of collective leadership;
(b) implements the socialist economic system through the economic plan of all the national races;
(c) implements the resolution of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the orders of the Council of State;
(d) directs and co-ordinates the Ministries, organs of public administration and the executive
Committees of the People's Council at different levels;
(e) maintains the rule of law and upholds law and order;
(f) perform such other duties as may be laid down by the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Council of State.
Article 88
The Council of Ministers shall draw up, after making necessary adjustments, and submit the
following to the Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State:-
(a) long-term, short-term and annual economic plans;
(b) annual budgets;
(c) annual reports on the situation of the State;
(d) reports that may be required from time to time.
Article 89
The Council of Ministers shall be solely responsible for the submission of the following bills to the
Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State for enactment into law:-
(a) bills on economic plans;
(b) bills on budgets;
(c) bills on taxation.
Article 90
Each Minister is responsible for the successful performance of the duties of those organs of public
administration with which he is charged at their different levels.
Article 91
A Minister is responsible to the Council of Ministers. A Deputy Minister is responsible to the

Minister concerned.
Article 92
The Council of Ministers may, with the approval of the Council of State, constitute such Bodies of
Public Administrative Services at different levels as may be necessary and may appoint the
required personnel to such Services, according to law.
Article 93
The Council of Ministers shall prescribe the duties and powers of organs of public administration at
all levels.
Article 94
Organs of public administration at different levels shall be responsible to those of the next higher
level as well as to the People's Councils concerned and be subject to their supervision and
inspection.
CHAPTER VII
COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S JUSTICES
Article 95
(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Justices from among those
members of the Pyithu Hluttaw whose names are on the list submitted collectively by members of
the Council of State elected under Clauses (a) and (b) of Article 64.
(b) Members of the Council of People's Justices shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.
Article 96
(a) The following Judicial Organs shall be constituted in the State-
(1) the Council of People's Justices;

(2) State Judges' Committee, Divisional Judges' Committee;
(3) Township Judges' Committee;
(4) Ward Judges' Committee, Village-tract Judges' Committee;
(b) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe, by law, the duties and powers of the Judicial Organs.
Article 97
The term of office of the Council of People's Justices shall be the same as that of the Pyithu
Hluttaw. The Council of People's Justices shall, on expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw,
continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People's Justices has been
elected.
Article 98
Justice shall be administered collectively by each judicial organ.
Article 99
Military justice for members of the People's Defence Services may be administered according to
law by a collective organ or by a single Judge.
Article 100
Administrative tribunals may be formed according to Law.
Article 101
Administration of justice shall be based on the following principles-
(a) to protect and safeguard the Socialist system;
(b) to protect and safeguard the interests of the working people;
(c) to administer justice independently according to law;
(d) to educate the public to understand and abide by the law;
(e) to work within the framework of law as far as possible for the settlement of cases between
members of the public;
(f) to dispense justice in open court unless otherwise prohibited by law;
(g) to guarantee in all cases the right of defence and the right of appeal under law;
(h) to aim at reforming moral character in meting out punishment to offenders.
Article 102
The Burmese language shall be used in the administration of justice. Languages of the national
races concerned may also be used, when necessary, and arrangements shall then be made to
make interpreters available.
Article 103
The Council of People's Justices-
(a) is the highest judicial organ of the State and;
(b) shall form the necessary judicial Courts only with its members and administer justice.
Article 104
The Council of People's Justices shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw and shall report to the
Pyithu Hluttaw on the state of the administration of justice. When the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in
session, the Council of People's Justices shall be responsible to the Council of State.
Article 105
The Council of People's Justices shall supervise all judicial organs and courts within the State.
Article 106
(a) The State People's Councils, the Divisional People's Councils, the Township People's Councils,
the Ward People's Councils and the Village-tract People's Councils shall respectively form the State
Judges' Committees, the Divisional Judges' Committees, the Township Judges' Committees, the
Ward Judges' Committees and the Village-tract Judges' Committees with persons elected from
among the members of the respective People's Councils.
(b) Members of the Judges' Committees elected by the People's Councils at different levels under
Clause (a) above shall each elect a Chairman from among their members.
Article 107
(a) The Judges' Committees of the People's Councils at different levels shall form with it members,
such Courts as may be necessary.
(b) If the number of members of the Judges' Committees is not sufficient to form Courts under
Clause (a) above Courts may be formed with members of the Peoples' Councils concerned under
the leadership of a member of the Judges' Committee at the respective level. Other suitable
citizens may be included in such Courts only if the number of members of the respective People's
Council is not sufficient to form such Courts.
Article 108
The term of office of State Judges' Committees, Divisional Judges' Committees, Township Judges'
Committees, Ward Judges' Committees and Village-tract Judges' Committees shall be the same as
that of the People's Councils concerned at different levels. On expiry of the term of the People's
Councils at different levels, the respective Judges' Committee shall continue to perform its duties
and functions until a new Judges' Committee has been elected.
Article 109
The Council of People's Justices may, with the approval of the Council of State, form bodies of
judicial services at different levels as may be necessary and appoint the required personnel to
such services according to law.
Article 110
The State Judges' Committees, the Divisional Judges' Committees, the Township Judges'
Committees, the Ward Judges' Committees and the Village-tract Judges' Committees shall
supervise the judicial organs and Courts formed by them and such Judges' Committees shall be
responsible to the People's Councils concerned.
CHAPTER VIII
COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S ATTORNEYS
Article 111
(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Attorneys from among those
(b) Members of the Council of People's Attorneys shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.
Article 112
The Council of People's Attorneys shall-
(a) protect and safeguard the Socialist system;
(b) protect and safeguard the rights and privileges of the working people;
(c) tender legal advice to the Council of State and to the Council of Ministers;
(d) report to the Council of State any acts of the Central and Local Organs of State Power and of
the Bodies of Public Services which infringe the law;
(e) undertake any other duties prescribed by law.
Article 113
The term of office of the Council of People's Attorneys is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
On expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of People's Attorneys shall continue to
perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People's Attorneys has been elected.
Article 114
The Council of People's Attorneys shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall report to the
Pyithu Hluttaw on the progress of its work. It shall be responsible to the Council of State when the
Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.
Article 115
The Council of People's Attorneys may, with the approval of the Council of State, form as
necessary, bodies of law services at different levels and shall also appoint the required law officers
in accordance with law.
Article 116
The Council of People's Attorneys shall direct and supervise the Central law officers, State and
Divisional law officers and Township law officers.
Article 117
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall by law prescribe the duties and powers of the Council of People's
Attorneys, the Central, State and Divisional law officers and Township law officers.
CHAPTER IX
COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S INSPECTORS
Article 118
(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw elects members of the Council of People's Inspectors from among those
(b) Members of the Council of People's Inspectors shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.
Article 119
The Council of People's Inspectors is the highest organ of inspection of public undertakings.
Article 120
The Council of People's Inspectors shall be responsible to the Pyithu Hluttaw. It shall submit
reports to the Pyithu Hluttaw on the progress of inspection of public undertakings. It shall be
responsible to the Council of State when the Pyithu Hluttaw is not in session.
Article 121
(a) The Council of People's Inspectors shall conduct inspections to determine whether the
activities of the Local Organs of State Power, Ministries, Bodies of Public Services and such other
organisations as may be prescribed by law prove beneficial to the interests of the public.
(b) The Council of People's Inspectors shall report on its findings and measures taken by it, to the
Pyithu Hluttaw through the Council of State.
Article 122
The term of office of the Council of People's Inspectors is the same as that of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
On expiry of the term of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of People's Inspectors shall continue to
perform its duties and functions till a new Council of People s Inspectors has been elected.
Article 123
(a) The State, Divisional and Township People's Councils shall form State, Divisional and Township
Inspectorates with members of State, Divisional and Township People's Councils concerned.
(b) Members of each Local Inspectorate shall elect a Chairman from among themselves.
(c) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall by law prescribe the duties and powers of Local Inspectorates.
Article 124
Each Local Inspectorate shall be responsible to the People's Council concerned.
Article 125
The Local Inspectorates shall perform the following duties-
(a) reporting to the People's Council concerned on the activities carried out during the interval
between the meetings of the People's Council;
(b) implementing tasks and submitting reports under the guidance of the People's Council
concerned and of the organs at higher level.
Article 126
The term of office of the Local Inspectorates is the same as that of the People's Councils at
different levels. On expiry of the People's Council, the Local Inspectorate shall continue to
perform, its duties and functions until a new Local Inspectorate has been elected.
Article 127
The Council of People's Inspectors may, with the approval of the Council of State, form as
necessary, Bodies of Accounts Services at different levels and shall also appoint the required
accounts officers in accordance with law.
Article 128
The Central Accounts Office shall be responsible to the Council of People's Inspectors and accounts
offices at different levels shall be responsible to the Inspectorates concerned and to the accounts
offices at the higher level and shall submit to their supervision and inspection.
CHAPTER X
PEOPLE'S COUNCILS
Article 129
The People's Councils at different levels shall be formed in accordance with this Constitution and
electoral laws with people's representatives elected directly by secret ballot by citizens having the
right to vote in the area concerned.
Article 130
The number of people's representatives constituting the People's Councils at different levels as
well as the Organs of the People's Council shall be prescribed by law.
Article 131
The term of office of the People's Councils at different levels shall be the same as the regular term
of office of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 132
The People's Councils at different levels are Local Organs of State Power and they shall implement
the following tasks within the framework of law:-
(a) economic and social affairs and public administration;
(b) administration of justice;
(c) local security, defence, maintenance of rule of law and order;
(d) solidarity of the national races and preservation, protection and promotion of their traditional
cultures;
(e) Protection of the rights of the people in the area concerned and organising and urging them to
perform their duties efficiently;
(f) formulation of economic plans and their implementation;
(g) preparation of annual budgets and their co-ordination;
(h) construction, settlement and rural and urban development works;
(i) communications;
(j) directing, supervising and co-ordinating Local Organs of State Power and Bodies of Public
Services relating to them;
(k) providing leadership to the people and keeping in close contact with them to obtain their
active participation in works of public interest;
(l) preservation, protection and development of natural environment;
(m) co-ordinating the affairs of Local Bodies of Public Services;
(n) Performing such other necessary works of public interest as may be prescribed by law.
Article 133
(a) The People's Councils at different levels shall hold meetings as prescribed by law.
(b) The Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall be elected from among the members of the
People's Councils to preside over the regular meetings of the People's Councils at different levels.
(c) The Members of the Panel of Chairmen shall preside over the meetings by rotation.
(d) A member of a People's Council who is also a member of the Executive Committee, the
Judges' Committee or the Inspectorate of such People's Council shall not be a member of the
Panel of Chairmen of such Council. Should a member of the Panel of Chairmen be elected to the
Executive Committee, the Judges' Committee or the Inspectorate he shall resign from the Panel of
Chairmen.
(e) The Panel of Chairmen shall continue to perform its duties till the next regular session of the
People's Council is convened and a new Panel of Chairmen has been elected therefor.
(f) The Executive Committee of a People's Council shall convene a meeting of the Council if 34 per
cent of all the members of the Council so requisition. If the Executive Committee fails to convene
the meeting within 30 days from the date of such a requisition, the Panel of Chairmen shall, as
soon as possible, convene the meeting.
Article 134
The State People's Council, Divisional People's Council- and Township People's Council shall form
People's Council Affairs Committees with members of the People's Council concerned.
Article 135
An Executive Committee shall be elected from among its members by each of the People's
Councils at different levels, to implement the tasks decided upon by the People's Council. The
members of the Executive Committee shall elect a chairman and a secretary from among
themselves. The chairman and the secretary so elected shall concurrently be the Chairman and
the Secretary of the People's Council concerned.
Article 136
The Chairman of each of the People's Councils shall concurrently be the Chairman of the State,
Division, Township, Ward or Village-tract concerned.
Article 137
The Executive Committee of each of the People's Councils at different levels shall be responsible to
the People's Council concerned.
Article 138
The Executive Committees of the People's Councils at different levels shall perform the following
duties-
(a) convening meetings of the People's Council in consultation with the Panel of Chairmen;
(b) promulgation and implementation of decisions, orders and directives of the People's Councils;
(c) implementation of the tasks laid down by the Council of Ministers as well as by the People's
Councils concerned;
(d) maintaining intercommunications between the Executive Committees at different levels and
co-ordinating their activities; directing and supervising of the Executive Committee at the lower
level by the one at the higher level;
(e) directing, supervising and co-ordinating the work of Local Bodies of Public Services, co-
ordinating the affairs of Public Services;
(f) submitting to the People's Council concerned, reports on the activities carried out during the
interval between meetings of the People's Council;
(g) the temporary suspension from duty or attendance of any session of any member of the
People's Council against whom action for high treason may be called for, provided that approval
therefor shall be obtained from the nearest session of the People's Council.
Article 139
The term of office of the Executive Committees of the People's Councils at different levels is the
same as that of the People's Councils. On the expiry of the term of the People's Council, the
Executive Committee shall continue to perform its duties and functions till a new Executive
Committee has been elected.
Article 140
(a) If need should arise to arrest any member of a People's Council in session, reliable evidence in
support of such need shall be produced before the Panel of Chairmen of the People's Council. No
arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Panel of Chairmen of the People's Council
concerned.
(b) If need should arise to arrest any member of an organ People's Council, while such organ is in
session, reliable evidence in support of such need shall be produced before the Executive
Committee concerned. No arrest shall be made without the prior approval of the Executive
Committee.
(c) If any member of a People's Council is arrested while the People's Council or any of its organs
is not in session, reliable evidence in support of such arrest shall be produced before the
Executive Committee as soon as possible.
Article 14I
All deliberations and actions at the meetings of a People's Council and of any of its organs are
absolutely privileged. No member shall be liable or punishable therefor except under the laws,
rules and bye-laws of the People's Council.
Article 142
Members of the People's Councils shall maintain contacts with their electorate and shall report
back on their activities and keep them informed from time to time on questions of policy.
Article 143
Members of the People's Councils shall seek, and submit, the wishes, opinions and proposals of
the people to the People's Council concerned and work for their realisation.
Article 144
The People's Councils may report on local matters of importance and submit advice for the benefit
of the public, from the lower to the higher levels of the People's Councils, up to the Council of
State.
CHAPTER XI
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AN DUTIES OF CITIZENS
Article 145
(a) All persons born of parents both of whom are nationals or the Socialist Republic of the Union
of Burma are citizens of the Union.
(b) Persons who are vested with citizenship according to existing laws on the date this
Constitution comes into force are also citizens.
Article 146
Citizenship, naturalisation and revocation of citizenship shall be as prescribed by law.
Article 147
All citizens are equal be before the law irrespective of race status official position wealth, culture
birth religion or sex.
Article 148
Every citizen shall have the right to-
(a) enjoy the benefits derived from his labour in proportion to is contribution in manual or mental
labour and diligence;
(b) freely undertake any vocation permitted by the State within the framework of the Socialist
economy;
(c) settle a reside in any place within the State according to the law.
Article 149
Every citizen in sickness shall have the right t to medical treatment as arranged by the State.
Article 150
Every working citizen has the right to-
(a) rest and recreation,
(b) fixed working hours and leave as prescribed by law.
Article 151
(a) Every working citizen shall e enjoy benefits as prescribed by law for injury due to occupational
accidents or when disabled or sick or old.
(b) Heirs to any working citizen shall e enjoy benefits as prescribed by law on his death.
Article 152
(a) Every citizen shall have the right to education.
(b) Burmese is the common language Languages of the other national races may also be taught.
(c) Every citizen shall be given bask education which the State prescribes by law as compulsory.
Article 153
(a) Every citizen shall have the right to freely conduct scientific research, work with creativity and
initiative to develop the arts, literature and other branches of culture.
(b) Every citizen shall have the right to freely use one's language and literature follow one's
customs, culture and traditions and profess the religion of his choice The exercise of this right
shall not, however, be to the detriment of national solidarity and the socialist social order which
are the basic requirements of the entire Union Any particular action in this respect which might
adversely affect the interests of one or several other national races shall be taken only after
consulting with and obtaining the consent of those affected.
(c) Notwithstanding the rights enjoyed under Clauses (a) and (b) acts which undermine the unity
and solidarity of the national races, national security or the socialist social order arc prohibited.
Persons who violate this prohibition shall be punished according to law.
Article 154
(a) Women shall enjoy equal political, economic, social and cultural rights as men.
(b) Mothers, children and expectant mothers shall enjoy those rights prescribed by law.
(c) Children born of citizens shall enjoy equal rights.

(d) Women shall enjoy freedoms and rights guaranteed by law as regards marriage, divorce,
partition of property, succession and custody of their children.
Article 155
Every citizen shall have the right-
(a) subject to the provisions of this Constitution, to elect and be elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw and
the People's Councils at different levels;
(b) to submit in accordance with law a list of candidates for election as people's representatives to
the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels;
(c) to recall in accordance with law people's representatives elected to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the
People's Councils at different levels.
Article 156
(a) Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of thought, and of conscience, and to freely
profess any religion.
(b) Notwithstanding the rights and freedoms granted under Clause (a), the State may enact laws
in the interests either of the working people or of law and order.
(c) Religion and religious organisations shall not be used for political purposes. Laws shall be
enacted to this effect.
Article 157
Every citizen shall have freedom of speech, expression and publication to the extent that the
enjoyment of such freedom is not contrary to the interests of the working people and of socialism.
Article 158
Every citizen shall have the right freely to take part in political, social, class and mass
organisations permitted by law and to enjoy freedom of association, assembly and procession. The
State shall provide necessary assistance to the people to enable them to enjoy fully these rights
and freedoms.
Article 159
(a) Personal freedom and security of every citizen shall be guaranteed.
(b) No citizen shall be placed in custody for more than 24 hours without the sanction of a
competent judicial organ.
(c) The State shall be responsible for the protection, in accordance with law, of citizens of the
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma who are abroad.
Article 160
The privacy and security of the home, property, correspondence and other communications of
citizens shall be protected by law subject to the provisions of this Constitution.
Article 161
Every citizen's income, savings, property and residential buildings lawfully earned and acquired by
his diligence and manual and mental contribution, instruments of production permitted to be
owned within the framework of the socialist economic system, and other lawful possessions shall
be protected by law.
Article 162
The right of every citizen to inheritance shall be recognised by law.
Article 163
(a) Every citizen shall fully e enjoy the rights provided by this Constitution.
(b) Laws shall be enacted to ensure the most expeditious and effective protection of the rights of
citizens and prevent their violation.
Article 164
(a) Every citizen shall have the right to lodge complaints concerning their grievances to the
competent organ of State power.
(b) The organ of State power shall investigate the complaints expeditiously and take such action
as in be necessary.
Article 165
The right to sue for compensation any member of an organ of State power or any of the organs of
State power or any public servant or any body of Public Services for abuse of authority entrusted
by the people in violation of the rights or interests of any citizen shall be guaranteed and
prescribed by law.
Article 166
Every citizen shall be under a duty in the exercise of his rights and freedom to abstain from
undermining any of the following-
(a) the sovereignty and security of the State;
(b) the essence of the socialist system prescribed by this Constitution;
(c) the unity and solidarity of the national races;
(d) public peace and tranquillity;
(e) public morality.
Article 167
(a) Laws may be enacted imposing necessary restriction on the rights and freedoms of citizens to
prevent in infringements of the sovereignty and security of the State the essence of the socialist
system prescribed by this Cons the unity and solidarity of the national races public pence and
tranquillity or public morality.
(b) Such a preventive e law shall provide that the restrictive order shall only be made collectively
by a body and that the order shall be regularly reviewed and modified as necessary and that e a
aggrieved person shall have the right of appeal to a higher organ.
Article 168
Every citizen shall be under a duty to abide by the provisions of this Constitution as well as the
laws work discipline and local rules made for the building of a socialist society and discharge
efficiently such duties as may be assigned to him by the State.
Article 169
Every citizen shall be under a duty to protect nationalised property co-operative owned property
and public property and strive to the best of his ability for socialist capital accumulation for
strengthening the defensive capacity of the State and enhancing the standards of living of the
people.
Article 170
Every citizen shall be under a duty to protect and safeguard the independence sovereignty and
territorial integrity of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma. This is a noble duty.
Article 171
Every citizen shall in accordance with law-

(a) undergo military training, and
(b) undertake military service for the defence of the State.
Article I72
Every citizen shall be under a duty to pay taxes and duties as prescribed by law.
CHAPTER XII
ELECTORAL SYSTEM
Article 173
The basic aims of the electoral system are as follows-
(a) to elect people's representatives who will truly represent the working people;
(b) to secure a broad participation of citizens in the electoral process;
(c) to elect Organs of the Pyithu Hluttaw and of the People's Councils at different levels that will
truly represent the working people.
Article 174
(a) Citizens shall directly elect people's representatives by secret ballot.
(b) Every citizen who has attained the age of eighteen years shall have the right to vote.
(c) All citizens who have the right to vote shall enjoy equal voting rights.
Article 175
Constituencies for the election of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's
Councils at different levels shall be formed as follows-
(a) constituency for Ward or Village-tract People's Council;
(b) constituency for Township People's Council;
(c) constituency for State or Divisional People's Council;
(d) constituency for the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 176
(a) Constituencies for the Pyithu Hluttaw shall be delimited on township basis.
(b) Each township shall elect one representative to the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) Townships with large populations shall, in addition to the right granted under Clause (b), elect
representatives in proportion to population as prescribed by electoral law.
(d) Additional members of the Pyithu Hluttaw shall, by law, be allotted to States or Divisions
having less than 10 townships and less than 10 lakhs in population.
Article 177
Persons having the right to vote and possessing the following qualifications are eligible to stand
for election as people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the People's Councils at
different levels-
(a) being a citizen born of parents both of whom are also citizens;
(b) having attained the age of 20 years to stand for election to Ward, Village-tract and Township
People's Councils;
(c) having attained the age of 24 years to stand for election to State and Divisional People's
Councils;
(d) having attained the age of 28 years to stand for election to the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 178
The following persons shall not have the right to vote or to stand for election-
(a) members of religious orders, and
(b) persons disqualified by electoral law.
Article 179
The Burma Socialist Programme Party, in consultation with mass and class organisations formed
under its leadership and with the electorate of the constituency concerned, and respecting their
wishes, shall submit
lists of candidates for election as people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the
People's Councils at different levels.
Article 180
A candidate for election as a people's representative-
(a) shall stand for election to the Pyithu Hluttaw to the People's Council at one level only and
(b) from only one constituency.
Article 181
(a) The elections of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at
different levels shall be valid only if more than half of all the persons from the respective
constituencies having the right to vote have cast their votes.
(b) A candidate for election as a people's representative shall be duly elected only if he obtains
more than half of the votes cast in an election found valid under Clause (a) above.
Article 182
(a) The Pyithu Hluttaw shall form an Election Commission six months before the expiry of the
terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils for the purpose of electing a new Pyithu
Hluttaw and new People's Councils at different levels.
(b) The Council of State shall submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw, a list of names of citizens who are
qualified by law, other than members of the Council of State and of the Council of Ministers, from
among whom the Election Commission may be formed.
(c) The Pyithu Hluttaw which decides to dissolve itself under Article 62, shall form, in accordance
with Clause (b), an Election Commission for the election of a new Pyithu Hluttaw.
(d) Elections for the Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be held as
prescribed by law, prior to the expiry of the terms of the Pyithu Hluttaw and the respective
People's Councils.
(e) Sessions of the new Pyithu Hluttaw and of the new People's Councils at different levels shall be
converted with the newly elected people's representatives on the date of expiry of the term of the
old Pyithu Hluttaw and the old People's Councils.
Article 183
(a) If the Pyithu Hluttaw or any People's Council is dissolved before the expiry of its term elections
shall be held as prescribed by law and sessions of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of the People's Council
concerned shall be convened.
(b) If any State, Divisional or Township People's Council is dissolved, the Council of State shall
form with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee, a Committee of Judges and a Local
Inspectorate and temporarily assign duties to them pending the election of the respective new
People's Council.
(c) If a Ward or Village-tract People's Council is dissolved, the Council of State shall form with
suitable citizens, an Executive Committee and a Committee of Judges and temporarily assign
duties to them pending the election of the respective new People's Council.
Article 184
Expenses incurred in the elections of people's representatives to the Pyithu Hluttaw and to the
People's Councils at different levels shall be met out of State funds.
Article 185
(a) If the situation is not yet ripe for the election of any State, Divisional or Township People's
Council, the Council of State shall form, with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee, a
Committee of Judges and a Local Inspectorate and temporarily assign duties to them for the
purpose of performing the functions of the People's Council concerned.
(b) If the situation is not yet ripe for the election of any Ward or Village-tract People's Council, the
Council of State shall form with suitable citizens, an Executive Committee and a Committee of
Judges and temporarily assign duties to them for the purpose of performing the functions of the
People's Council concerned.
Article 186
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall enact such laws as may be necessary in connection with the election of
people's representatives.
CHAPTER XIII
RECALL, RESIGNATION AND REPLACEMENT
Article 187
Any organ of State or the people who have elected and assigned duties to a people's
representative or an organ wishing to recall such representative or organ for any of the following
reasons, shall have the right to do so in accordance with law-
(a) violation of any provision of the Constitution;
(b) inefficient discharge of duties or
(c) misbehaviour.
Article 188
Any people's representative who has been elected, or any representative who has been assigned
duties in any organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw or of any People's Council, may submit his resignation to
the respective organ in accordance with law.
Article 189
A vacancy arising for any reason in the Pyithu Hluttaw or in any People's Council at any level or in
an organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw or the Council concerned shall be filled by election in accordance
with law.
CHAPTER XIV
STATE FLAG, STATE SEAL, NATIONAL ANTHEM, AND STATE CAPITAL
Article 190
The State Flag shall be as shown below:- [Image pending].
[ The flag has a red background with a blue rectangle top left containing 14 white stars
surrounding a white wheel with 15 outward-pointing cogs, at the centre of which is a yellow rice
stalk - unofficial description]
Article 191
State Seal shall he as shown below: [image pending]
Article 192
The Pyithu Hluttaw shall prescribe the National Anthem Until a new National Anthem is prescribed
the present National Anthem shall be used.
Article 193
The capital of the Republic is Rangoon.
Article 194
(a) The Preamble of this Constitution Articles I and 4 of Chapter I Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, II, I2, I4,
I8 and 2I of Chapter II Articles 28, 29 and 32 of Chapter III Articles 4I, 44 and 46 of Chapter IV
and Article I94 of Chapter XV shall be amended with the prior approval of 75 per cent of all the
members of the Pyithu Hluttaw in a nation-wide referendum only with a majority vote of more
than half of those who have the right to vote.
(b) Provisions other than those mentioned in Clause (a) shall be amended only with a majority
vote of 75 per cent of all the members of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw may submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw motions for amending this
Constitution.
(d) If a People's Council wishes to submit a motion for amending this Constitution such a motion
shall be submitted stage by stage from the lower to the higher levels and finally to the Pyithu
Hluttaw.
CHAPTER XVI
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Article 195
This Constitution shall come into force throughout the Union after its adoption in a nation-wide
referendum by more than half of all the people who have the right to vote.
Article 196
The Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma shall, continuing to exercise State sovereignty,
carry out during the interval between the coming into force of this Constitution and the day the
first session of the Pyithu Hluttaw is convened, all the functions of the Pyithu Hluttaw under the
Constitution The work done by the Revolutionary Council to bring the Constitution into force shall
be deemed to have been carried out In accordance with this Constitution.
Article 197
Interpretation of the preamble, articles, clauses, words and expressions contained in this
Constitution shall be based only on the Burmese text.
Article 198
Burmese shall be used as the official language for the purpose of uniformity and clarity in
communications between the higher and lower level organs of the State and between such organs
at the same level. If necessary the language of the national race concerned may be used.
Article 199
All policy guidelines, laws, rules, regulations, notifications proclamations, measures,

responsibilities and rights of the
Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma shall devolve on the Socialist Republic of the Union of
Burma.
Article 200
(a) In interpreting the expressions contained in this Constitution, reference shall be made to the
Interpretation Law promulgated by the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma.
(b) Amendments to and further interpretation of expressions contained in the Law mentioned in
Clause (a), shall only be made by the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) The validity of the acts of the Council of State, or of the Central or Local Organs of State Power
under this Constitution shall only be determined by the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 201
The Pyithu Hluttaw may publish interpretations of this Constitution from time to time as may be
necessary.
Article 202
(a) This Constitution is the basic law of all laws of the State.
(b) Existing laws and rules shall remain in force in so far as they are not contrary to this
Constitution until and unless they are repealed or amended by the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) Existing regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures shall remain in
force in so far as they are not contrary to this Constitution until and unless they are repealed or
amended by the Council of State.
(d) Existing laws and rules shall be repealed or amended by the Pyithu Hluttaw to bring them into
consonance with this Constitution.
(e) Existing regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives and procedures shall be
repealed or amended by the Council of State to bring them into consonance with this Constitution.
(f) Existing laws, rules, regulations, bye-laws, notifications, orders, directives, and procedures
shall, pending their repeal or amendment, be interpreted and acted upon by the Central and
Local- Organs of State Power in the spirit of this Constitution.
(g) The Bodies of Public Services shall perform their duties in the spirit of this Constitution.
(h) All functioning organs and all public servants and workers serving under the Revolutionary
Council of the Union of Burma on the day this Constitution comes into force shall continue in their
functions unless otherwise prescribed by the Council of State.
Article 203
(a) The Council of State and the Central Organs of State Power may, subject to this Constitution
and to laws, rules and resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw, promulgate such regulations,
bye-laws, orders, directives and procedures as may be necessary.
(b) The Local Organs of State Power may, subject to this Constitution and to laws, rules and
resolutions passed by the Pyithu Hluttaw and to regulations, bye-laws, orders, directives and
procedures promulgated by the respective Central Organs of State Power, promulgate such orders,
directives and procedures for the respective local areas as may be necessary.
Article 204
(a) Members of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the Council of State, the Council of People's Justices, the
Council of People's Attorneys and the Council of People's Inspectors shall have the right to submit
to the Pyithu Hluttaw draft legislation on matters other than those mentioned in Article 89.
(b) The Council of Ministers shall have the right to submit to the Pyithu Hluttaw draft legislation on
matters mentioned in Article 89 as well as on other matters.
(c) The People's Councils at different levels may submit draft legislation on matters other than
those mentioned in Article 89, stage by stage from the lower to the higher levels of the People's
Councils and finally to the Pyithu Hluttaw.
Article 205
The Burma Socialist Programme Party, mass and class organisations formed under its leadership,
and the working people may submit suggestions and advice to the organs of State power at
different levels, on legal matters, economic planning, the annual budget and other matters.
Article 206
(a) Members of tile Council of State, and of the Council of Ministers shall not serve on any other
Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong, except in cases provided for in
Clause (b) of Article 54 and in Clause (c) of Article 64.
(b) Members of the Council of People's Justices, of the Council of People's Attorneys and of the
Council of People's Inspectors shall not serve on any Organ of State Power other than the organ to
which they belong or on any other Organ of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
(c) Members of the Executive Committee and of tile Inspectorates of the People's Councils at the
State, Divisional and Township levels shall not serve on any Local Organ of State Power other than
the organ to which they belong or on any Affairs Committee.
(d) Members of the Committee of Judges of the People's Councils at different levels shall not serve
on any Local Organ of State Power other than the organ to which they belong. They may,
however, serve on the Affairs Committees of the People's Council concerned.
Article 207
The number of people's representatives which shall constitute the quorum at meetings of the
Pyithu Hluttaw and the People's Councils at different levels shall be 75 per cent of all the people's
representatives.
Article 208
The Council of State or an Affairs Committee of the Pyithu Hluttaw may invite any Central Organ
of State Power to attend and answer questions, and such organ shall be under a duty to respond.
Article 209
(a) Should the Pyithu Hluttaw or any People's Council at any level be dissolved before the expiry
of its regular term, the term of office of the newly elected Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Council shall
be for the remaining period of the term of the dissolved Pyithu Hluttaw or People's Council.
(b) Should any People's Council be formed after the formation of the Pyithu Hluttaw, the term of
such People's Council shall be the same as the regular term of the Pyithu Hluttaw.
End of Document

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THE CONSTITUTION
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t"dy`g,fydkif;jcm;az:jycsuf // 61
tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csufrsm; tcef; 14 62
usrf;opPmqdkcsuf odk hwnf;r[kwf uwdopPmqdkcsufyHkpH yXrZ,m; 66
vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfzGJ hpnf;yHk 'kwd,Z,m; 67
pm&if; 1/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHOya'ðypm&if; wwd,Z,m; 68
1/ umuG,fa&; // 68
2/ jynfya&;&m // 68
3/ qufoG,fa&; // 69
4/ b¾ma&; // 70
5/ t&yf&yfqdkif&m // 71
pm&if; 2/ jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if; // 73
1/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPrsm; // 73
2/ pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm; // 73
3/ vHk_ cHKa&; // 74
4/ qufoG,fa&; // 75
5/ ynma&; // 75
6/ jynfol husrf;rma&; // 75
7/ a'oEN&tkyfcsKyfa&; // 75
8/ t&yf&yfqdkif&m // 76
jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if; pwkwˆZ,m; 77
aemufqufwGJrsm;
1// jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' tm%mwnfa-umif; EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW. 81

a-ujimcsuf
2// zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcho
J nfh jzpfpOftusOf;csKyf 83
3// 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif; 87
umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (1949 ck/ ZGefv 18 &uf)
4// 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;tajymif; 91
umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf)
5// 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)tul;t 95
ajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuftrdef h ¡1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 1// ¢
6// 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) 99
tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd, jyXmef;csuftrdef h ¡1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 2// ¢
7// 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1951 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 62// ¢ 103
8// 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 4// ¢ 111
9// 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 113
10//¢
10// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSw3f // ¢ 115
11// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuf tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' 117
trSwf7/¢
12// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (wwd,jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya' 122
trSwf 17// ¢
13// 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ¡1961 ckESpf/ tufOya'trSwf 131
20// ¢
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH
.
zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'
Oya'ed'gef;//
e,fpyfa'orsm;ESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;tygt0if jrefrmEdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;rsm;jzpf-uaomu|Ekfyfwdk honf/

tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkif vGyfvyfaomjrefrmEdkifiHudktcdkiftcHtnDtnGwfwnfaxmif&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// //
w&m;r#wjcif;/ vGyfvyfjcif;/ nDr#jcif;wnf;[laom avmuygv w&m;rsm;udktajcðyum/ vlowW0gcyfodrf;
wdk h._ idrf;csrf;om,ma&;udk cdkif_ rJwnfwHhatmifxdef;odrf;&ef oEdNÏmefcsI‚if;// // vlr+qufqHa&;w&m;r#w
r+/ pD;yGg;a&;w&m;r#wr+/ EdkifiHa&;w&m;r#wr+/ vGyfvyfpGmawG;}uHEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmzGifh[a&;om;az:jyEdkifr+/
vGyfvyfpGm,Hk-unfEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,fEdkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmbk&m;ausmif;uefponfwdk hodk h oGm;vm0wfðy
Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmy&da,oe&SmrSD;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmpnf;&Hk;Edkifr+/ vGyfvyfpGmðyr+aqmif&GufEdkifr+/ tqifhtwef;nD
r#r/+ ttcGifhtvrf;nDr#r+/ w&m;Oya't&mwGifnDr#r+wdk hudk EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;&&SdcHpm;Edkifapjcif;iSm tcdkift
rm cH0efðy&efoEdNÏmefcsI‚if;/ jrefrmouU&mZf 1903 ckESpf/ oDwif;u|wfvqef; 10 &ufae h ( c&pfawmf
ouU&Zf 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv ESpfq,fhav;&ufae h ) wGif/ TzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk u|Efkyf
wdk h. wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfY u|Efkyfwdk honfvufcHI/ Oya'tjzpftwnfðy_ yD;v#if/ u|Efkyfwdk htm; ESif;tyf
vdkufonf//
tcef; 1//
EdkifiHzGJ hpnf;yHk//
1// // jrefrmEdkifiHonf tcsKyftcsmtm%mydkiforRwEdkifiHjzpfonf// xdkEdkifiHudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH[kac:&

rnf//
· 2// // (u) ,cifujrefrmjynfbk&ifcHrSwqifh/ _ Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf pD&iftkyfcsKyfawmfr+cJhaom e,fajrtm;

vHk;ESifh (c) u&ifeDe,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf //
3// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. tcsKyftcsmtm%monf EdkifiHom;wdk hYwnfonf//
4// // Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk EdkifiHom;wdk hxHrScH,lI/ TzGJ h

pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&/ wnfaxmifcef htyfaomjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. odk w h nf;r[kwfjynf
axmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;. vkyfief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&dSrsm;uaomf‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%m
t&aomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;wdk h.udk,fpm;/ oHk;pGJEdkif&rnf//
· 5// // ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpk[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;ESifh 0e,frsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjref

rmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpfjzifh yg0if&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk h
wGif “&Srf;jynfe,f”[kac:&rnf//
· 6// // jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifrsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaome,fajrrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHt

wGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf/ zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftzdk hwGif
“ucsifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnf//
··
7// // uEW&0wD/ abmvcJESifh-u,fzdk;}uD;wdk hyg0ifonfhu&ifeDe,frsm;[k ,cifuac:wGifcJ haom e,fajrrsm;udk/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwpfcktjzpf zGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk
TrSaemiftzdk hwGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f[kac:&rnf//
··
8// // yk'fr 180 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&Sdusefe,fajr tm;vHk;ESifhouf
qdkifaom Oya'ðyr+tm%m/ tkyfcsKyfr+tm%m/ w&m;pD&ifr+tm%mtm;vHk;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.vkyf
ief;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh t&m&Sdrsm;uomv#ifaom‚if;/ xdktzGJ hrsm;ESifht&m&Sdrsm;. tcGifhtm%m&aom‚if;/ oHk;pGJEdkif
&rnf//
· jyifqifcsuaf emufqufwGJ “ 10 ”
·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 7 ”
tcef; 2//
rlvtcGifhta&rsm;//
“EdkifiHawmf” [laomp
ompum;.t"dy`g,f&Sif;vif;csuf//
9// // Ttcef;ESifh tcef; 3/ tcef; 4/ wdk hwGif “EdkifiHawmf”[laompum;.qdkvdk&if;rSma&S haemufpum;wdk h

. t"dy`g,fudkaxmufI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH./ odk hwnf;r[kwf oufqdkif&mjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0if. tkyfcsKyfr+
tcGifhtm%mudkaom‚if;/ Oya'ðyr+tcGifhtm%mudkaom‚if;/ qdkvdkonf//
EdkifiHom;jzpfr+//
10// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwpf0ef;vHk;wGifEdkifiHom;[lI wpfrsdK;wnf;om&Sd&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm jynfaxif

pktzGJ h0ifrsm;. EdkifiHom;[lI toD;tjcm;r&Sd&/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;[lIom&Sd&rnf//
11// // (u) jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;wpfrsdK;rsdK;wGifjzpfaom odk hwnf;r[kwf jzpfcJ haom rdbESpyf g;rSarG;zGg;ol

wdik f;onf‚if;/
(c) jrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;wpfrsdK;rsdK;wGifjzpfaom odk hwnf;r[kwfjzpfcJhaombdk;bGm;rsm;teuf t
enf;qHk;wpfOD;rSjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGifyg0ifvwWH haom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGg;olwdkif;onf
‚if;/
(*) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.EdkifiHom;jzpfaomodk hwnf;r[kwf TtajccHOya'pwiftwnfðyonfhae h
wGif touf&Sifaeonfjzpfygu wdkif;&if;om;tjzpfudk&,lcGifh&SdaomrdbESpfyg;rS jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
wGif yg0ifvwWH haom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGg;olwdkif;onf‚if;/
(C) _ Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf. tm%mjyef h&me,fajrwpfckckwGif arG;zGm;cJhonfjzpfI/ TtajccHOya'
pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrStxuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf 1942 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 1 &ufae hrStjcm;rJh
aom q,fESpftwGif; &SpfESpfatmufr,kwfaomumvtzdk h jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif yg0ifvwWH h
aom tm%mydkifeuftwGif;aexdkifcJhbl;_ yD;v#if/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGifxm0pOfaexdkif&ef
}uH&G,fcJhonfjzpfI/ xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfaom tcsdeftwGif;wGif xdk hodk howfrSwf
aomenf;vrf;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;tjzpf &G;cs,fjcif;udkxkwfaz:olwdkif;onf‚if;//
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;jzpf&rnf//
12// // EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;oabm/ EdkifiHjcm;om;jzpfjcif;oabmwdk hESifhpyfvsOf;Iavsmfuefoifhjrwfonf[k

xifjrifonfhtwdkif; w&m;Oya'rsm;udkðyEddkifaomygvDref,tm%monf/ yk'fr 11 &SdjyXmef;csufa-umifh,kwf
avsmhjcif;rjzpf&/ xdk hjyifxdkuJhodk haom w&m;Oya'wpfckckonf/ yk'fr 11 wGifryg0ifao;aom vltrsdK;tpm;
rsm;udk EdkifiHom;tjzpfjzpfvufcH&efaomf‚if;/ jyXmef;Edkifonf//
nDr#r+tcGifhta&;rsm; //
13// // Zmwdra&G;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomra&G;/ a,usFm;rdef;r ra&G;/ vlrsdK;ra&G; EdkifiHom;[lor#onf/
EdkifiHawmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtr#omjzpfonf// qdkvdk&if;rSm EdkifiHom;wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;udkodk h
wnf;r[kwf EdkifiHom;vlwef;pm;wpm;ESifhwpm;udk wzufowfoabmtwdkif;cGJjcm;jcif;rðy&//
14// // jynfol h0efxrf;qdkif&m &mxl;wdk hY‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfudkifr+/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fr+/ pD;yGg;&Smr+/

twwfynmESifhtoufarG;r+wdk hY‚if;/ EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;onf/ nDr#aomtcGifhtvrf;tm;vHk;udk&&Sd&rnf//
15// // rdefrrsm;onf wlnDaomtvkyftwGuf a,usFm;wdk h&aomvcrsdK;udk&Edkif&rnf//
vGyfvyfr+tcGifhta&;rsm; //
16// // w&m;Oya't&r[kwfv#if/ rnfonfhEdkifiHom;r# rdrd.vGyfvyfcGifhudk&kyfodrf;jcif;rcHap&// rdrd.aetdrf

twGif;odk ht0ifcH&jcif;/ ypPnf;todrf;cH&jcif;r&Sdap&//
17// // w&m;Oya'ESifh‚if;/ _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;ESifh‚if;/ jynfol hudk,fusifhw&m;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if/ EdkifiHom;

rsm;onf atmufyg tcGifhta&;rsm;udkvGyfvypGmoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf//
(u) rdrdwdk h.,H-k unfcsuf/ xifjrifcsufwdk hudkvGyfvyfpGmxkwaz:ajymqdkEdkifaomtcGifhta&;//
(c) vufeufrygbJ_ idrf;csrf;pGmpka0;EdkiaomtcGifhta&;//
(*) toif;rsm;ESifh toif;tpktzGJ hrsm;udk zGJ hpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&; // odk h&mwGif&nf&G,fcsufjzifhaom
‚if;/ aqmif&Gufr+jzifhaom‚if; TtajccHOya'udkysufjym;ap&ef}uH&G,faom odk hwnf;r[kwfysufjym;rnfh
ta-umif;jzpfay:apaomtoif;/ toif;tpktzGJ hESifh tonf;t&Hk;rsdK;udkr+um;wmm;jrpfonf//
(C) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGif rnfonfhae&mYrqdk aexdkiftajcpdkufEdkifaom/ ypPnf;&,lydkifqdkifEdkif
aom/ tvkyfvkyfudkifEdkifaom/ ukefoG,fa&mif;0,fEdkifaom/ twwfynmjzifh toufarG;Edkifaom tcGifht
a&;//
18// //jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH w&m;Oya'.pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufudkvdkufemI/ jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;wGiful;

oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;/ ul;vl;qufqHjcif;wdk honfvGyfvyf&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwdk honf _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfoludk,f
usifhw&m;twGufaom‚if;/ avsmfuefoifhjrwfaom csKwfcs,fcsufpnf;urf;rsm;udkw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkif
onf//
19// // (u) vlta&mif;t0,fðyjcif;//

(c) w&m;Oya't& tjypf'%fay;jcif;udkcH&ojzifh/ tvkyf'g%fudkxrf;aqmifcdkif;jcif;rSwyg;/ Edkifxuf
pD;eif;cdkif;jcif;ESifh tvdkqeNr&bJ aus;u|efozG,fcdkif;jcif;wdk hudk wm;jrpfonf//
&Sif;vif;csuf// // Zmwdtm;jzifhaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ udk;uG,f&mbmomtm;jzifhaom
‚if;/ vlwef;pm;tm;jzifhaom‚if;/ cGJjcm;jcif;ðybJ/ jynfol htusdK;iSmrvkyfrae&aom tvkyfrsdK;udkvkyfap&ef Edkif
iHawmf.wm0efcsxm;jcif;udkr+um; Tyk'fr r&Sdpum;a-umifh twm;tqD;r&Sdap&//
bmom omoema&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;
·
20// // _ idrf0yfydjym;a&;aomf‚if;/ jynfol hudkusifhw&m;ESifhaomf‚if;/ jynfhol husef;rma&;ESifhaomf‚if;/ xdk htjyif
Ttcef;&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufwdk hESifh‚if;rqef husifv#ifvlcyfodrf;wdk honfomoema&;wGif vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdik f
aomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;uG,faqmufwnfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;wdk hudktnDtr#&&Sd&rnf//
&Sif;vif;csuf 1// // bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,fwnfaqmufr+ESifh qufpyfaeapumr+/ xdkodk hqufpyf
aeaompD;yGg;a&;/ b¾ma&;/ EdkifiHjcm;a&;ESifhtjcm;avmuDa&;aqmif&Gufr+wdk hudk txufygta&;wGifryg0ifap
&//
&Sif;vif;csuf 2// // Tyk'frwGifxdkodk hvGyfvyfaom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;xm;aomfvnf;/ jynfol ht
usdK;udpP/ ðyjyifa&;udpPwdk htwGufEdkifiHawmf.w&m;Oya'ðyjcif;udkrwm;jrpf&//
··
21// // (1) Ak'<bmom omoemawmfonfEdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;trsm;qHk; udk;uG,f&mjzpfaom*k%fxl;0dao
oESifh jynfhpHkonfh bmom}uD;jzpfonf[k jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfutodtrSwfðyonf//
(2) EdkifiHawmfonf tpPvmrfbmom omoem/ c&pf,mefbmomomoem/ [dENLbmomomoem
ESifh ewfudk;uG,faombmomwdk hudk TtajccHOya'tm%m wnfaomae hYEdkifiHawmfwGif&Sdae-uaom udk;
uG,f&mbmomtcsdK h[lItodtrSwfðyonf//
· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 13 ”
·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 12 ”/ “ 13 ”
(3) EdkifiHawmfonf bmoma&;qdkif&m udk;uG,fr+udkomf‚if; ,Hk-unfr+udkaomf‚if;ta-umif;ðyI/

rnfol hudkr#oufqdkif&mtcGifhta&;csdK hiJhapjcif;/ cGJjcm;jcif;udkrðy&//
(4) EdkifiHa&;udpPtvdk hiSm udk;uG,f&mbmomudk tvGJoHk;pm;rðy&/ xdk hjyif vlrsdK;a&;a-umifhaom‚if;/
wzufESifhwzuf w*dk%f;ESifhw*dk%f;rkef;wD;jcif;/ &efr+jcif;/ pdwf0rf;uGJjcif;wdk h ay:aygufvmap&ef &nf&G,faom
odk wh nf;r[wf ay:aygufvm&efta-umif;&Sdaom tðytr+onf TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf//
xdktðytr+rsdK;twGuf tjypf'%fay;Edkifatmif w&m;Oya'ðyEdkifonf//
,Ofaus;r+ESifhynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;
22// // EddkifiHawmfynmoifausmif;rsm;odk h0ifcGifhðy&efudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ vlrsdK;/ bmop

um;wdk hudk t-umif;ðyum/ rnfonfhvlenf;pkudkr# cGJkjcm;wm;jrpfjcif;rðy&/ rnfonfhudk;uG,f&m bmomoif
cef;pmudkr#vnf;/ xdkvlenf;pktm;twif;t-uyfvdkufemoif,lap&efynwfjcif;rðy&//
pD;yGg;a&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; //
23// // (1)Tykk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrSm;ESifhrqef husifbJ/ pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;wGif ypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhESifhudk,fydkifvkyfudkif

wDxGifEdkifcGifhwdk h&Sd&rnf[k EdkifiHawmfutcdkiftrmcH0efðyonf//
(2) udk,fydkifypPnf;toHk;csEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udkjynfol htusdK;ysufpD;epfematmif rnfolr#toHk;r
ðy&//
(3) apsE+ef;rsm;udk csKyfudkif&efaomf‚if;/ ta&mif;t0,fwdk hudkvuf0g;}uD;tkyf&efaomf‚if;/ zGJ hpnf;aom/
odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmf.pD;yGg;a&; ysufpD;&mysufpD;a-umif;jzpfaomumw,ftzGJ hrsm;/ qif'DudwftzGJ hrsm;/
x&wftzGJ hrsm; tp&Sdaomudk,fydkifvuf0g;}uD;tkyftzJG hrsm;r&SD&//
(4) EdkifiHawmfujynfol htusdK;twGufvdktyfygu/ ydkif&Siftm;rnfuJhodk haomudpPrsdK;wGif rnfr#av#mf
a-u;ay;&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;aom w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDomv#if/ udk,fydkifypPnf;udkuef howfcsKyfcs,fEdkifonf//
odk hwnf;r[kwfodrf;ydkufEdkifonf//
(5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frcGJ&Sd pnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfol htusdK;t
wGufvdktyfygu/ EdkifiH.pD;yGg;a&;ESifhoufqdkifaom vkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;udkaomf‚if;/ wOD;wnf;ydkif vkyfief;rsm;udk
aomfvnf;aumif;/ EdkifiHawmfonf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;I EdkifiHydkifjyKEdkifonf? odk@wnf;r[kwf EdkifiHawmftwGuf
odrf;,lEdkifonf?
24? / jypfr+wckudkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaom w&m;Oya'udk usL;vGefonfhtwGufrSwyg;/ rnfol@

udkr#jypfr+xif&Sm;rpD&if&? xdk@jyifjypfr+udkjyKonfhtcgu twnfjzpfaeaomw&m;Oya't&/ ay;Edkifaomtjypf
'%fxufydkI}uD;av;aomtjypf'%ftm;vnf; rnfol htm;r#ray;&//
zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&umuG,fEdkif / &,lEdkifaomtcGifhta&;rsm;
25// // (1) Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;wckwckudk&,l&ef w&m;v$wfawfcsKyftm;/ oufqdkif&m

enf;jzifhav#mufxm;I / &,lydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf//
(2) TudpPESifhpyfvsOf;I tjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;tm;ESif;tyfxm;aomt,%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ T
tcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom TtcGifhta&;ESifh oifhav#mfonfha&S hawmfoGif;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Harbeas Corp
us)/ tm%may;pmc|efawmftrdef h(Mandamus)/ wm;jrpfomc|efawmftrdef (h Prohibition)tm%mydkifar;
pmc|efawmftrdef h(Quo Warranto)/ tr+ac:pmc|efawmftrdef h(Certiorari)/ xdkpmc|efawmftrdef hrsm;.o
oabmrsdK; ygaomtrdefrsm;udkxkwf&ef w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfYtm%m&Sd&rnf//
(3) ppfjzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ ykefuefaomtcgY
aom‚if;/ qlylxºuGaomtcgYaom‚if;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/jynfhol hvHk_ cHKr+twGuf
vdkttyfonfhudpPrSmrSwyg;/ TumuG,fcGifh/ &,lcGifhrsm;udk&yfqdkif;xm;jcif;rðy&//
26// //EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifhqufqH&mwGif/ EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.twGif;/ ty ESpfXmevHk;Y/

jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fapmifh&Smufr+udkawmif;qdkEdkif&rnf//
27// // wdkif;wyg;uxdyg;wdkufcdkufjcif;/ ykefuefjcif;/ qlylxºuGjcif;/ txl;ta&;w}uD;jzpfjcif;wdk hay:ayguf

onfh tcgrsm;rSwyg;/ EdkifiHom;wOD;.w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsuftwGuf/ xdkEdkifiHom;tm;/ w&m;Oya'
jzifhpwfrSwfxm;aom umuG,fEdkifcGifh/ &,lEdkifcGifhwdk hudkray;bJrae&//
28// // umuG,fa&;wyfzGJ h0ifrsm;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf_ idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf xm;&SdaonmwyfzGJ h0ifrsm;

onf rdrdwdk h .wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkausyGefpGmaqmif&GufEdkifapjcif;iSm‚if;/ xdk htjyifpnf;urf;ao0yfr+&Sdapjcif;
iSm‚if;/ Ttcef;Yay;tyfxm;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udk rnfIrnfr#uef howfcsKyfcs,fxm;&rnf[lIodk hwnf;
r[kwfrnfIrnfr# zsufodrf;&rnf[lI ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//
29// // ygvDrefonf Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udk twnfjzpfap&ef/ vdktyfaomOya'rsm;udkðy&rnf//
wzefTtcef;wGifjypfr+usL;vGef&ma&mufonf[kaz:jyxm;aomfvnf;/tjypf'%fay;ydkifciG fhr&SdcJhao;aom jypfr+
rsm;twGuf tjypf'%fay;&efvnf; Oya'rsm;udkðy&rnf//
tcef; 3 //
awmifolv,form;rsm;ESifh tvkyform;rsm;twGuf
EdkifiHawmf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm; //
30// // (1) EdkifiHawmfonf ajr,mtm;vHk;. yif&if;ydki&f Sifjzpfonf//
(2) TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfrsm;udkpnf;rsOf;wusjzpfap
&efaomf‚if;/ v$Jajymif;&efaomf‚if;/ zsufodrf;&efaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfYtcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf
rnfonfhajr,mudkrqdk jyefvnfodrf;,l_ yD;v#if/ xdkajr,mudkpkaygif;pdkufysdK;a&;twGufjzpfap/ or0g,rpdkufysdK;
a&;twGufjzpfap/ v,fpD;pm;orm;rsm;twGufjzpfap/ a0iSay;&eftcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf//
(3) rnfonfhtajccHpHepfESifhr# ajr,mtajrmuftrsm;ydkifqdkifcGifhr&Sdap&/ wODd;wnf;ydkifjzpfaomajr,m
. trsm;qHk;ajr{uta&twGufudk ta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif; w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//
31// // pD;yGg;a&;Yolwyg;udkepfemapI udkusdK;&Smjcif;rSumpD;apa&;twGuf/ rdrdwdk htcsif;csif;aygi;f oif;zGJ hpnf;

Edki-f uap&ef tvkyform;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmfonf pD;ygG;a&;qdkif&maqmif&Gufcsufjzifh‚if;ajcm;aqmif&Gufcsuf
rsm;jzifh‚if;ulnDEdkifonf//
tvkyform;rsm;tm; pnf;&Hk;ydkifcGifhay;ap&ef‚if; ESpfpOftm;vyf&ufrsm;& cGifh&SdatmifpDrHap&ef‚if;/
tvkyfcGif.tajctaeudk aumif;rGefatmifðyap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI/ EdkifiaH wmfonf Oya'ðyay;jcif;jzifh/ tvkyf
orm;rsm;udkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&rnf// xdk htjyifta-umif;nD!Gwfv#ifnD!Gwfjcif;/ aecif;xdkifcif;ESifh axmuf
yHhr+tmrcH pHepfwdk htwGuf pDrHcsufrsm;udktm;ay;jcif;jzifh‚if;/ umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&rnf//
tcef; 4 //
EdkifiHawmf.0g'&nf!Gef;csufr+rsm; //
32// // Ttcef;wGif az:jyxm;aomr+rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftwGuf a,bk,svrf;!$efozG,f&nf&G,fonf//

EdkifiHawmfonfOya'ðy&mY‚if;/ tkyfcsKyf&mY‚if; xdkr+rsm;ESifhtnD aqmif&Guf&eftav;*&kðy&rnf// odk h&mwGif
xdk hodk haqmif&Gufap&efrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
33// // EdkifiHom;wdkif;atmufygtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&SdcHpm;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmfonf 0g'xm;&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h

&+ haqmif&Guf&rnf//
(u) tvkyfvkyfydkifcGifh//
(c) tdkrif;rpGrf;jzpfEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ tvkyfvkyfjcif;iSmr
pGrf;apmifEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ taxmuftyhH&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//
(*) tem;,lcGifh/ tm;vyfcGifh&EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//
(C) ynmoif-um;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;//
txl;tm;jzifEh dkifiHawmfonf tcv$wfroifrae&r+vwef;ynmoif-um;a&;twGufjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf/
34// // EdkifiHawmfonf i,f&G,folrsm;udk txl;*&kðyI/ xdkolwdk h.ynmoif-um;a&;udktm;ay;&rnf//
35// // EdkifiHawmfonf tiftm;enf;I wdk;wufr+wGifaemufusaom EdkifiHom;pkrsm;. ynma&;ESifhpDyGg;a&;wdk

h udktxl;*&kðyItm;ay;&rnf// xdk hjyifvlr+qufqHa&;rw&m;r+rS‚if;/ olwyg;udkepfemapIudk,fusdK;&Smr+rS‚if;/
xdkolwdk huif;vGwfap&efEdkifiHawmfuumuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&rnf//
36// // jynfol haexdkifa&; tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwifr+ESifh jynfolusef;rma&;aumif;rGefwdk;wufr+wdk honf EdkifiH

awmf.t"duwm0ef0wW&m;wckjzpf&rnf//
37// // (1)EdkifiHawmfonftvkyform;wdk h.cGeftm;ESifhusef;rma&;wdk hudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ uav;ol

i,fEke,faomt&G,fudk xdcdkufjcif;rjzpfap&ef‚if;/ xdk h tjyifxdkolwdk honfrdrdwdk h. usm;= r b0/ touf/ cGef
tm;wdk hESifhroifhrav#mfaomtoufarG;r+ tvkyftudkifwdk hwGif pD;yGg;a&;csdK hwJhr+a-umifhraeombJ/ 0ifa&muf
vkyfudkif&jcif;r&Sdap&ef‚if; ,H-k unfpdwfcs&atmifpDrH&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmfonf rD;zGg;a&;ESifhuav;apmifha&Smufa&;tzGJ hrsm;/ uav;a*[mrsm;/ uav;xdrf;Xme
rsm;uddkzGifhvSpfjcif;tm;jzifh/ om;onftarESifhuav;wdk h.tusdK;udkapmifha&Smuf&ef/ xdk hjyifrD;rzGg;rDESifhrD;zGg;_ yD;
umvrsm;twGuf vkyfcESifhem;cGifh&&eftcGifhta&;udk tcpm;vkyfudkifaeaomrdcifwdk h&&SDcHpm;Edkifap&ef 0g'xm;
&SdI/ xdk0g'twdkif'a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf//
38// // EdkifiHawmfonf usef;rma&;0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;/ aq;&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hkrsm;/ txl;aq;&Hkrsm;/ olemðy&Hkrsm;

evHxaq;&Hkrsm;ESifhtjcm;/ usef;rma&;&Hkrsm;udkwnfaxmif}uDd;-uyfb tkyfcsKyfay;jcif;jzifh/ jynfolusef;rma&;
udkaumif;onfxufaumif;atmifaqmif&Guf&rnf//
39// // jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhwuG/ vkyf&nfpGrf;tm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if; EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udk

jynfhwif;ap&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfonfjynfolrsm;twGuf txl;tm;jzifhvli,frsm;twGuf/ um,Avynmoif
-um;a&;udktxl;*&kjyKI aqmif&Guf&rnf//
40// // EdkifiHawmfonfroefrpGrf;jzpfvmaomppfr+xrf;a[mif;rsm;tm;/ oifhwifhav#mufywfpGmaexdkpm;

aomufEdkifap&ef‚if;/ oufarG;r+ynmudktcvGwfoif,lEdkifap&ef‚if; pDrHaqmif&Guf&rnf// EdkifiHawmfonfusqHk;
aomppfom;rsm;.uav;rsm;ESifh ppfa-umifhrdbrJhjzpf&aom uav;rsm;udk txl;*&kðyI -unfh&+apmifha&Smuf&
rnf//
41// // EdkifiH."etiftm;udkwdk;wufap&ef‚if;/ jynfol hypPnf;OpPmtiftm;udkaumif;onfxufaumif;ap&ef

‚if;/ jynfol h,Ofaus;r+tqifhtwef;jr‡ifhwufvmap&ef‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.vGyfvyfa&;udkwnfwHhcdkif_ rJap
&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;pGrf;tm;udk}uDd;rm;vmap&ef‚if;/ &nf&G,fI jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.pD;yGg;qdkif&mpDrH
udef;rsm;udkðy&rnf//
42// // udk,fusdK;tjrwftpGef;twGufr[kwfbJ/ vkyfudkifaqmif&GufaeaompD;yGg;a&; vkyfief;tzGJ htpnf;rsm;

tm; ypPnf;aiGa-u; taxmftyHay;&ef EdkifiHawmfwGif0g'xm;&SdI xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf// or0g,
rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;ESifhtvm;wlpD;yGg;a&;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;tm; ydkrdktcGifhta&;ay;&rnf//
·
43// // 0dZ…mynmESifhodyH̀ynmrsm;/ okawoeESifh,Ofaus;r+tzGJ htpnf;rsm;/ xdk htjyifygVdESifhouUËoif-um;
a&;wdk hudk EdkifiHawmfuaxmufyHhapmifha&Smuf&rnf//
44// // (1) jynfoloHk;vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/

jynfolwdk h.or0g,r tpnf;t&Hkrsm;uaomf‚if;/ wnfaxifvkyfudkifap&ef EdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y0g'xm;&SdI/
xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Guf&rnf//
(2) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftwGif;wGif/ "eypPnf;xGufrnfhobm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;ufk EdkifiHawmf
tpdk;&udk,fwdkifuaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ jynfolwkd h.or0g,rtpnf;t&Hk;rsm;uaomf‚if;/
vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efEdkifiHawmftpdk;&Y 0g'xm;&SdI / xdk0g'twdkif;a&S h&+aqmif&Gufrnf//
tcef; 5 //
EdkifiHawmforRw //
45// // atmufyk'frrsm;wGif“EDkifiHawmforRw”[kac:tyfaom jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.orRw&Sd&rnf// EdkifiH
awmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;.txGyftxdyfae&mudk&&SD&rnf// xdk htjyifh
TtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'wdk hutyfESif;aomtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
46// // EdkifiHawmforRwudkv#dk h0Sufaom rJqENay;pHepfjzifh/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzufnDvmcH

wGif a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnf// Ttceef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;t
wGufa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;udk/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//
47// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmf.trwfr#rjzpf&//

(2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwfwOD;udk EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufcJh
aomf/ xdktrwfonf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfY rdrd.trwfae&mudkpGefv$wfcJh_ yD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
(3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&rsm;udk tpdk;&ESifhoufqdkifo
nfjzpfap/ roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ rcH,l&//
48// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ &mxl;oufwrf;rukeefqHk;rD/ &mxl;oufwrf;rSEkwfxGufaoma-umifh‚if;/

uG,fvGefaoma-umifh‚if;/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fjcif;cH&aoma-umifh‚if;/ xm0pOfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifaoma-umifh‚if;/
xdkta-umif;wckcka-umifhr[kwfv#if/ &mxl;Ypwifxrf;&Gufonfhae hrSpI ig;ESpfwdkifwdkifxrf;&Guf&rnf //
(2) rnfonfhyk*~dKvfrqdk/ Edkiif ahwmgforwWtjzpfjzifh &mxll;oufwrf;ESpf}udrfxufydkItrxrf;r&Guf&//
49// // (u) rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ydkifeuftwGif;YarG;zGm;cJhI

jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;vnf;jzpfaom/ xdk htjyif
(c) ygvDreftrwftjzpfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cHEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkonfvnf;jzpf
aomfyk*~dKvfrsdK;r[kwfv#if/ rnfolr#EdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;twGuf a&G;aumufcHEdkifcGifhr&SDap&//
50// // yXrEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefor#vsifjrefpGmrdrd.

&mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//aemufaemifaomEdkifiHawmforRwwdkif;onf / rdrdtvsifxrf;&GufoGm;aom
EdkifiHawmforERw.&mxl;oufwrf;ukefqHk;_ yD;onfhaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ xdk hodk hukefqHk;_ yD;onfhaemuf/ apEdkif
or#apmaomae hYaomf‚if;/ &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf// tu,fIrdrdtv#if xrf;&GufoGm;aomEdkifiH
awmforRwtm;&mxll;rSEkwfy,fvdkufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmforRw&mxl;rSEkwfxGufoGm;v#if/ odk h
wnf;r[kwfxm0pOfrpGrf;apmifEdkifv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuG,fvGefv#if/ rdrdtm;a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;onfh
aemuf v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGm &mxl;wGif0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//
51// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ tpnf;ta0; usif;yv#uf&Sdaom ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfESifh w&m;v$wf

awmfcsKyf. w&m;0ef}uDd;rsm;a&S harSnufwGif/ atmufygtwdkif; vlod&Sif-um;opPmqdkI/ vufrSwfxdk;_ yD;v#if/
&mxll;Y0ifa&mufxrf;&Guf&rnf//
“u|Ekfyfæææonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;yHktajccHOya'udk wnf_ rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ jynf
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifh&Smufygrnf// u|Ekyfonf zGJ hpnf;yHkiajccHOya'ESifhwuG/ w&m;Oya'
wdk hESifhav#mfnDpGm rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk ,Hk-unfav;jrwfajzmifhrSwfrSefuefpGmaqmif&Gufygrnf// jynf
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ab;&eftEW&,ftaygif;wdk hudk wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;&ef }uD;pGmaomowd0D&djzifh tm;xkwfyg
rnf// u|Ekfyfonf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.tusdK;iSm/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtm; u|Efkyf.toufESifhudk,fudk
tyfESif;onf[k av;eufwnf-unfpGmausnmI/ uwdopPmðyonf//”
52// // jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. t}uHay;csufrSwyg;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdr.&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;wGif
jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSxGufcGgroGm;&//
53// // EdkifiHawmforRopf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufa&;twGuf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.&mxl;oufwrf;

ukefqHk;tHhqJqJjzpfaom 3 vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefudkqifhac:&rnf//
54// // (1) atmufygta-umif;wckcktwGuf EdkifiHawmforRudkpGyfpGJjypfwifEdkifonf//

(u) EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudkazgufzsufjcif;//
(c) tajccHOya'udkusL;vGefjcif;//
(*) tusifhoduQmvGefuJpHmysufjym;jcif;//
(2) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ xdk hjyifxdkjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhav#mfnDpGm/ pGyfpGJcsufudkyg
vDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfuwifoGif;Edkif&rnf//
(3) Tyk'frt&EdkifiHawmforRwudk pGyfpGJ&efygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk hwifoGif;aomtqdkudk/
oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a& pkpkaygif;teuf av;yHkwyHkatmufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u tqdk
oGif;&ef}udKwifta-umif;-um;csufudk udk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I ay;tyfaomtcgrSm rSwyg;/ vufrcH&//
(4) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu/ xdkuJhodk haomftqdkudkoufqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&oHk;
yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uaxmufcHI qHk;jzwfjyXmef;aomrcgrSmrSwyg;/ twnfrðy&//
(5) ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yfu/ pGyfpGJcsufwckudk wifoGif;_ yD;aomtcg tjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu/
xdkpGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// odkwnf;r[kwfpHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf//
(6) pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aomtcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRwY/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if;/ udk,fpm;vS,fjzpf
aomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//
(7) pGyfpGJcsufudkppfaq;_ yD;ojzifh/ pGyfpGJcsufudkpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpHkprf;ppfaq;aom/ ygvD
refqdkif&mv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&pkpkaygif;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHkxufrv#mhaomtrwfrsm;u xdkpGyfpGJcsuf
onf rSefuefonfhtjyif/ pGyfpGJcH&aomjypfr+onf EdkifiHawmforRwtm; &mxl;wGifqufvufI rxrf;r
&Gufapoifhaom jypfr+jzpfonf[lIausnmjyXmef;onfh jyXmef;csuftqdkudktwnfðycJhaom/ xdkjyXmef;
csuftqkdudkta-umif;ðyI EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//
55// // EdkifiHawmforRonf/ tdrfawmfwaqmif&&Sd&rnf// xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnfjzpfaomvpm

ESifhp&dwfrsm;udk&&Sd&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRw.vpmESifhp&dwfrsm;udk EdkifiHawmforRw.&mxl;oufwrf;twGif;wGif
rajymif;rvJ&//
56// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf jynfol hv$wfawmfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;0ef}uDd;csKyfcef hxm;&

rnf// xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h.t}uD;tr+;jzpf&rnf//
(2) EDkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uDd;csKyfu trnfwifoGif;aomyk*~dKvfwdk hudk/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if
tjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf//
(3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&0ef}uD;wODd;ODd;.&mxl;Ekwf
xGufpmudkvufcH&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwf &mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//
57// // EddkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuft&/ jynfol hv$wwfawmfudkqifhac:&rnf// odk hwnf;

r[kwf&kwfodrf;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfzsufodrf;&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfol hv$wfawmfY trwfrsm;axmufcHr+udk qufvufIr&&Sd
aomtcg/ 0ef}uDd;csKyfut}uHay;jim;aomf‚if;/ jiif;y,fEdkifonf// TtcgrsdK;wGif0ef}uD;csyfopfwOD;. trnfudk
wifoGif;I v$fawmftm;csufjcif;qifhqdk&rnf//
xdk htjyif jynfol hv$wfawmfonf15 &uftwGif;wGif/ 0ef}uD;csKyftopfwODd;trnfudk&ef ysufuGufygu
jynfol hv$wfawmfudkzsufodrf;&rnf//
58// // (1) ygvDrefv$wwfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy_ yD;jzpfonf[krswf,l&

rnfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tufOya'jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfxdk;jcif;udkvdktyf&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefujyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'wdkif; a-ujim&rnf//
59// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXef;csufrSm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpktkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%m[lor#onf/

EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'fr&Sdpum;a-umifh ygvDrefonf/ vufatmufcHtm%mydkifwdk h
tm;/ tvkyf0ifw&m;rsm;udk ray;tyfEdkif[krjzpfap&// odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkpum;a-umifhyif/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'
t& w&m;&Hk;Yaomf‚if;/ w&m;ol}uD;Yaomf‚if;/ t&m&SdYaomf‚if;/ a'oEW&tm%mydkifYaomf‚if;/ tjcm;tm
%mydkifYaomf‚if;/ ESif;tyfxm;aomtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk edkifiHawmforRwtm;/ v$Jajymif;ay;tyfonf[krrSwf
,l&//
60// // jypf'%fvGwf_ idrf;csrf;omcGifhay;EdkifaomtcGifhta&;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwYwnf&Sd&rnf//
61// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ EdkifiHawmfESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfolwdk hESifhoufqdkifonfh ta&;}uD;aom

udpPrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;I trSmv$mjzifhaomf‚if; rdefcGef;jzpfaomf‚if; ygvDrefodk hta-umif;-um;Edkifonf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rnfonfhudpPta-umif;udkrqdk/ tcgra&G;wEdkifiHvHk;odk h rdef h¹rGufEdkifonf//
62// // (1)EdkifiHawmforRwtjzpfjzifhtm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Gufjcif;twGufaom‚if;/
xdktm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&mwGifjzpfap/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifhjzpfap/ ðycJhaom
tðytr+wdk htwGufaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmfrnfonfhw&m;&Hk;odk hr#
ajz&Sif;&efrvdk //
(2) odk h&mwGif EdkifiHawmforRw. tusifhoduQmudk yk'fr 54 .udpPtvdk hiSm/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wf
awmfw&yf&yfYa0zefppfa-umEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwftqdkygyk'frt&/ pGyfpHJcsufrsm;udkpHkprf;ppfaq;a&;twGuf
ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfu cef htyfaomw&m;&Hk;ujzpfap/ w&m;cHkawmfujzpfap/ tzGJ hujzpfapa0zef
ppfa-umEdkifonf//
(3) EdkifiHawmforRwu.tajccHOya't&/ oHk;pGJaqmif&GufonfhtaeESifh/ ðy_ yD;jzpfaomtðytr+onf
wqufwnf; jzpfaomatmufyk'frwGifyg&Sdonfh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf !Gef;xm;onfhjyXmef;csufrsm;ESsifhtnDr[kwf
aoma-umifh/ rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
63// // (1) TtajccHOya'wGif EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;ðyrl&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ yk*~dKvfwODd;OD;

xHrSjzpfap/ tzGJ hwckckxHrSjzpfap/ t}uHay;csuft&/ odkwnf;r[kwf trnfwifoGif;csuft&/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
ta-uif;-um;csuft&/ ðyr+&rnf[kaomf‚if;/ jyXef;xm;onfhtwdkif;aqmif&GuftyfonfrSwyg;/ tjcm;udpPrsm;
wGifrdrdtm;ay;tyfxm;aom tm%mrsm;Esifhtvky0f wW&m;rsm;udk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.t}uHay;csuft&om
vsif/ oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk ht}uHay;csufudkaomf‚if;/ trnfwifoGif;csufudkaomf‚if;/ a-umif;-um;
csufudkaomf‚if; wifoGif;onf rwifoGif;onfodk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmforRwuxdktcsufudk&onfr&onf/
tu,fIwifoGif;cJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwf&cJhaomf/ rnfodk haomt}uHay;csufrsdK;jzpfonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rnf
odk haomrnfodk haomta-umif;-um;csufrsdK;jzpfonf [laomtcsufrsm;udk rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr#ppfa-um;
ar;jref;csif;rðy7//
·
64// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwuG,fvGefaaaaomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufaomtcg/ ekwfy,fjcif;cH&aomtcg/
tvkyfcGifTYr&Sdaomtcg acwWjxpfap xm0pOfjzpfaprpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg xdktcgwrsdK;rsdk;wGif/ Ttajc
cHOya'u EddkifiHawmforRwtm;/ ay;tyffxm;aomtm%mESifh tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkatmufYzGJ hpnf;tyfaom
“EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJ h uoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hjzifh EdkifiH
awmfOD;aqmiftzGJ hudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(3) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf &mxl;vpfvyfaeaom tcgYaom‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf raqmif
&GufEdkifaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.ae&mwGif/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk aqmif
&Gufap&efcef hxm;aomv$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ odk hr[kwdfxdkw&m;0ef}uDd;r&Sdjyefv#if/ xdkw&m;0ef}uD;r
&Sdjyefv#if/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS xdkudpPtwGufaqmif&Guf&ef &Edkifaom 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uDd;onf/
“EdkifiHawmfOD;ao#mif”tzGJwGif tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//
· jyiffqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”
(4)vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,u&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygem,uraqmif&GufEdkifaom

tcgYaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,u.ae&mwGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf'kwd,em,uonf EdkifiHwmfOD;ao#mif
tzGJ hY tzGJ h0iftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(5) jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX &mxl;vpfvyfaomtcgYaom‚if;/ tqdkygOuUXraqmif&GufEdkifaomt
cgYaom‚if;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXae&mwGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmf'kwd,
OuUXonf EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ hY tzGJ h0ifwOD;OD;tjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(6) EdkifiHawmfODd;ao#miftzGJ h0ifESpfOD;&Sdv#if/ xdktzGJ honfaqmif&GufEdkifonf// tzGJ h0ifae&mwckvpf
vyfaeapumr+/ aqmif&GufEdkifonf//
(7) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ TtajccHOya't&/ tm%mESifhtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Gufo
uJhodk h/ EdkifiHawmf OD;ao#miftzGJ honfvnf;oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
·
tcef; 6//
6//
ygvDref//
tydkif; 1// t&yf&yfqdkif&m//
65// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.Oya'ðyr+tm%monf/ ygvDrefwGifwnf&Sd&rnf// ygvDrefwGif EdkifiHawmforRw/

jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwwdk hyg0if&rnf// TtajccHOya'wGifygvDrefudk“ygvDref”/odk hwnf;r
[kwf“jynfaxmifpkygvDref”[kac:&rnf//
66// // ygvDref.nDvmcHudkESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// ygvDrefnDvmcHwck.aemufqHk;

tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaomnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//
67// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ v$wfawmftrwfrsm;teuf trwfESpfOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXESifh

v$wfawm'kwd,OuUXtjzpfjzifh/ vsifjrefEdkifoavmufvsifjrefpGma&G;cs,f&rnf// xdk htjyifv$wfawmfOuUX.
ae&m/ odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXae&mvpfvyfaomtcgwdkif;/ xdkvpfvyfaomae&mtwGuf
jynfol hv$wfawmfonf tjcm;trwfwOD;udk v$wfawmfOuUXtjzpfjzifh/ ta-umif;tm;avsmfpGma&G;cs,f&rnf
(2) jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif OuUX&mxl;Y/ odk hwnf;r[kwf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;Yxrf;&Gufaeaomol
onf/ v$wfawmftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJcJhv#if/ xdkoo l nfrdrdxrf;&Gufaeaom&mxll;udkpGef hv$wf&rnf// xdkolonf
rnfonfhtcgYrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hrdrdudk,fwdkif vufrSwfa&;xdk;wifoGif;aompmjzifh &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf
Edkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf OuUXudkjzpfap/ 'kwd,OuUXudkjzpfap/ v$wfawmfvuf&Sdtrwfrsm;&m.qHk;jzwfjy
Xmef;csufjzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfy,fEdkifonf// odk h&mwGifTyk'frcGJ.udpPtwGuf qHk;jzwf&ef&Sdaomtqdkudk tenf;qHk;
14 &uf óudwifIta-umif;-um;jcif;rðyv#if/ xdktqdkudkv$wfawmfYrwifoGif;&//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfudk zsufodrf;aomtcgwdkif;/ v$wfawmfudkxsufodrf;_ yD;onfhaemuf
aemufxyfw}udrfa&G;aumufaomv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrf tonf;ta0;udkusif;ytHhqJqJtcsdeftxd/ v$wf
awmfOuUXonfrdrd.&mxl;udkrpGef hv$wf&//
(3) jynfolv$wfawmfOuUX&mxl;vpfvyfaomtcg/ xdkv$wfawmfOuUX.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk v$wf
awmf'kwd,OuUXuaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUX&mxl;vnf; vpfvyfcJhaom/ xdkudpPtwGufv$wf
awmftrwfrsm;teuf EdkifiHawmforRwu cef hxm;aomtrwfwOD;uaqmif&Guf&rnf// v$wfawmftpnf;t
ao;odk h OuUXrwufa&mufaomtcg v$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXu/ OuUXijzpfjxifhaqmif&Guf&rnf// 'kwd,OuUX
vnf; tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfOya't&cef hxm;jcif;cHxm;&aom olw
OD;uOuUXtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufrnf// xdkolvnf;tpnf;ta0;odk hrwufa&mufaomtcg/ v$wfawmfua&G;cs,f
aomtjcm;olwOD;u OuUXtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(4) v$wfawmfOuUXESifhv$wfawmf'kwd,OuUXwdk htm;/ ygvDreftufOya'jzifhowfrSwfaomvpmaiG
rsm;udkay;&rnf//
(5) Tyk'fr&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXef;csufrsm;onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhoufqdkifouJhodk h
vlrsdK;pkv$WfawmfESifhvnf;oufqdkif&rnf// OuUXtpm;“em,u”/ 'kwd,OuUXtpm;“'kwd,em,u”[koHk;pGJ&
rnf// “jynfolv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJaomaae&mrsm;Y“vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf”[koHk;pGJ&rnf//
68// //(1) tjccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefvkyfief;pOfudk pnf;rsOf;wusjzpfatmifðyxm;aom

enf;Oya'rsm;ESifhwuG wnfqJtrdef hrsm;ESifh‚if;rqef husifv#if ygvDrefYvGyfvyfpGmajymqdkcGifh&Sd&rnf// ygvDref
wGif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfygvDref.aumfrwDrsm;wGifajymqdkcJhjcif;/ rJay;cJhjcif;wdk hESifhpyfv#if;I rnfonfhygvDreftr
wfudkr# w&m;pGJydkifcGifhr&Sdap&// xdk htjyif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ jzef hcsDxkwfa0aomtpDt&ifcH
pm/ pm&Gufpmwrf;/ rJqENrsm;/ v$wfawmf rSwfwrf;rsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;Ivnf;/ rnfol hudkr#w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
(2) tjcm;udpPrsm;wGifr+um;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfrsm;/ cHpm;xdkufaomtcGifhta&;rsm;onf
tcgtm;av#mfpGmygvDreftufOya'jzifhaz:jyonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf// xdk hodk hydkif;jcm;az:jyjcif;rðyao;v#ifxdkt
xdktrwfrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJwGifjrefrmEdkifiHOya'ðytzGJ htrwf
rsm;cHpm;-uaomtcGifhta&;twdkif;jzpf&rnf//
69// // (1) TtajccHOya'utjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#ifv$wfawmfrsm;.tpnf;ta0;wGif/ odk h

wnf;r[kwfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaqG;EG;-uaomjy\emtm;vHk;udk tpnf;ta0;wufa&mufrJay;aom
v$wfawmftrwfrsm;.rJrsm;&mjzifhqHk;jzwf&rnf// xdk hodk hqHk;jzwfaomudpPrsm;wGif OuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
em,uonf/ odk hwnff;r[kwfOuUXtjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ em,utjzpfjzifhjzpfap/ aqmoif&Gufaeaomyk*~dKvfonf/
rJray;&/ odk h&mwGifrJt&twGuf wlnDaeaomtcg tEdkifrJay;EdkifcGifh&SdI tEdkifrJudkay;&rnf//
(2) rdrd.tm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJ&ef/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf tpnf;ta0;txajrmufa&;twGuf vdk
tyfaom rwfOD;a&udk v$wfawmf. enf;Oya'rsm;jzifhqHk;jzwfowfrSwf&rnf//
(3) trwfae&mrsm;vpfvyfaeapumr+/ r+ciff;udpPrsm;udkaqmif&GufEdkif&ef ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmf
wdk hwGif/ tm%m&Sd&*rnf// xdk hjyiftcGifhta&;r&SdaomolwOD;wa,mufonf/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk h
wufa&mufcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ rJqENay;cJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ v$wfawmf.r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wGif tjcm;
wenf;enf;jzifhyg0ifcJhonf[lIaomf‚if;/ aemiftcgrSmrS ay:aygufvmapumr+/ ygvDrefYaqmif&GufcJhonfhr+cif;
udpPonf twnfjzpf&rnf//
(4) txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ jynfe,fwe,fe,frSrdrd.udk,f
pm;vS,ftrwfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fI vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h apv$wf&efjyufuGufapumr+/ xdkv$wfawmfwGifrdrd.
vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk aqmif&Guf&eftm%m&Sd&rnf//
70// // ygvDref.ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&*yf&yf.tpD&ifcHpmrsm;ESifh jzef hcsDxkwfa0or#aompm&Gufpm

wrf;tm;vHk;twGuf w&m;pGJqdkydkifcGifhvHk;0r&Sdap&//
71// // v$wfawmftoD;oD;.trwfrsm;onf/ jynfolwkd h.udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk

aqmif&Guf-uaoma-umifh/ xdkyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;vpmESifh p&dwfa-u;aiGrsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuowfrSwfaom
c&D;oGm;vmr+tcGifht&;rsm;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;udkay;&ef‚if;/ ygvDrefuw&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//
72// // ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftoD;oDd;onf/ v$wfawmf&Sdrdrd.trwfae&mudkr,lcif/
EdkifiHawmforRw. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwutcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfxm;aom ol.a&S harSmufY
aomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'. yXrZ,m;wGifyg&Sdonfhtwdkif; EdkifiHawmf.aus;Zl;opPmawmfudk apmifha&Smufyg
rnf[kusrf;udkifIjzpfap/ opPmqdkIjzpfap/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf//
73// // (1) wcsdefwnf;wGifrnfolr#/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.trwfrjzpfEdkif/ v$wfawmfw&yfwGif

trwfjzpfaeaomolonf/ tjcm;v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfvmcJhaom/ xdkolonfyxrtrwfae&mudkpGef hv$wf
_ yD;jzpfonf[k rSwf,l&rnf//
(2) v$wfawmftrwfwOD;onf=
(u) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd/ yk'frcGJ (1) t&/ trwft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;vmcJhaom/
odk hwnf;r[kwf/
(c) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfxdk;I EkwfxGufpmwifoGif;csif;tm;jzifh/ trwftjzpfrS
EkwfxGufcJhaom/ xdktrwf.ae&monfxdktcgYvpfvyf&rnf//
(3) v$wfawmftrfwOD;OD;onf oufqdkif&mv$wfawmf. tcGifhudkr&bJ/ v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;tm;

vHk;odk h/ &ufaygif;oHk;q,fwdwdwqufwnf;rwufa&mufbJaecJhaomf/ oufqdkif&mv$wfawmfonf xdktrwf
.ae&mvpfvyfonf[k ausnmEdkifonf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifqdkchaJ om&ufaygif;oHk;q,fudk wGufppf&mY v$wfawmfudk&kyfodrf;xm;aomuv
udk odk hwnf;r[kwfwqufwnf;jzpfaomav;&ufxufausmfvGefI tpnf;ta0;&yfqdkif;xm;aomumvudk/
xnfhoGif;a&wGufxm;jcif;rðy&//
74// // (1) atmufygyk*~dKvfrsm;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf. trwftjzpfjzifha&G;cs,fjcif;cH&&ef‚if;/ v$wfawmf

w&yf&yf.trwftjzpfwnf_ rJap&ef‚if;/ cGifhrðy&//
(u) EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;&.aus;Zl;opoPmawmfudk cH,lapmifha&Smuf&dkaool/ odk hwnf;r[kwf EdkifiHjcm;tpdk;
&.vufatmufcHjzpfol/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdktpdk;&.vufatmufcHjzpfolaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHom;aomf‚if;/ cHpm;&
aom tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifhaus;Zll;cHpm;cGifhrsm;udk cHpm;EdkifcGifh&Sdol/ odkwnf;r[kwf
(c) vlrGJtjzpf qHk;jzwfa-unmcHxm;&jcif;rSvGwfajrmufcGifhr&ao;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
(*) pdwfayghoGyfI/ pdwfayghoGyfol[k tcGihftm%m&w&m;&Hk;.trdefcsrSwfjcif;cHae&ol/ odk hwnf;r
[kwf
(C) &mxl;lwckckY xrf;&Gufaeaomfvnf;/ xdk&mxl;a-umifh/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif; ysuf,Gif;csif;r
&Sdap&[k ygvDreftuftkya'jzifhausnmxm;aom &mx;lrsdK;rSwyg;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmuf
wGifaomf‚if;/ tusdK;tjrwf&Sdaomtjcm;&mxll;wckckY xrf;&Gufaeonfhol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
(i) jrefrmjynfOya'ðyvGwfawmf. odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGif
oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefqHk;ao;v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkygvDref.t
rwfjzpf&eft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mjypfr+jzpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkyg
vDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_ yD;jzpfaom jypfr+rsdK;twGuf/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfrDujzpf
ap/ tm%mwnf_ yD;aemufrSjzpfap/ tjypf'%fcH&ol/ oddk hwnf;r[kwfjrefrmjynfOya'ðyv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;
r[kwfygvDref. tufOya'wck&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;wGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao;
v#if/ xdkv$wfawmf./ odk hwnf;r[kwf xddkygvDef.trwfjzpf&eftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aponfh a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m w
&m;rJh ðyusifhrj+zpfonf[k/ xdkv$wfawmfuaomf‚if;/ xdkygvDrefuaomf‚if;/ xdktufOya'jzifhjyXmef;_ yDd;jzpfaomf
ðyusifhr+rsdK;twGuf/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf/ enf;vrf;usonfrusonfwdk hudk pHkprf;
ppfaq;aomtr+tcif;rsdK;wGif/ tjypfusL;vGef_ yD;onf[ktrdefcsrSwfjcif;cH&_ yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
(p) tjypf'%frSvGwfonfhae hrSpI 5 ESpfumvtydkiftjcm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmforRwu
rdrd.oabmtwdkif;cGifhðyaom 5ESpfatmufav#mhaom umvtydkif;tjcm;rukefvGefao;v#if/ tydk'f(i)Yaz:jy
xm;aom jypfr+rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;jypfr+wckcktwGuf jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif/ TtajccHOya'
tm%m rwnfrDujzpfap/ tm%mwnf_ yDd;aemufrSjzpfap/ jypf'%fcH&I wu|ef;ydk h'%fudkaomf‚if;/ pD&ifjcif;&
_ yDd;ol/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
(q) a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfudk wifoGif;aomae hrSpI/ 5 ESpfumvtydkif;tjcm; rukefvGef
ao;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk EdkifiHawmforRwurdrd.oabmtwdkif;
y,fzsuf_ yD;r[kwfao;v#if/ ygvDrefodk htrwftjzpfjzifhtrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&_ yD;aemuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf xdkodk h
trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&ol. a&G;aumufyGJ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf_ yD;aemuf/ TtajccHOya't&
xkwfqifhaomtrdwfjzifhaom‚if;/ ygvDref.tufOya'tYaomf‚if;/ jyXmef;xm;aomtcsdefumvtwGif;wGif/
xdkodk hjyXmef;xm;aomenf;vrf;ESifhtnD/ a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&mukefusp&dwfp&if;udkwifoGif;&efysufuGufcJhol//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifukefusp&dwf pm&if;wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ 1 vjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwu
oD;jcm;udpPwGif rdrd.oabmtwdkif;aqmif&Gufum tcGifhðyaom 1 vxufydkaomumvtydkif;tjcm;jzpfap/
aphukefjcif;r&SdrD/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdtydk'f (q) t& trwfjzpf&efcGihfrðyjcif;onftwnfrjzpfap&//
(2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ &mZ0wefjypfr+a-umifh wu|ef;tydk hcHae&pOf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
axmifoGif;tusOf;xm;jcif;cHae&pOf/ xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwftjzpf a&G;cs,fjcif;cHEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGiftjypf'%fcH&aomumvonf 2 ESpfxufrydkcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf
tqdkyft&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;jcif;udk/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;z,f&Sm;Edkifonf//
(3) tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjypf&Sdonf[ktrdef hcsrSwfjcif;cH&Itjypf
'%fay;jcif;udkvnf;cH&aoma-umifhjzpfap/ Tyk'fr&Sdyk'frcGJ (1) tydk'f (i) t&/ odkwnf;r[kwftydk'f (p) t&/
t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olwOD;onf/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;aomae hwGif/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfjzpf
aeaomf/ Tyk'frwGifjzpfap/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufygyk'frwGifjzpfap rnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ xdkol.
trwfae&monf/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhae hrSpI 3 vrukefrvGefrD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf tjypf&Sdonf[kt
rdef hcsrSwfcH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ tjypf'%ftay;cH&jcif;ESifhjzpfap/ pyfvsOf;aeaomt,lcHv$mudkaomf‚if;/ apm'u
0ifav#mufv$mudkaomf‚if;/ xdk 3 vtwGif;wGifwifoGif;cJhv#if/ xdkt,lcHv$mudkodk hwnf;r[kwf xdkapk'u0if
av#mufv$mudk rqHk;jzwfao;rD/ xdkodk ht&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;onfhtcsufa-umifh rvpfvyf&/ odk h&mwGifTyk'f
rcGJu xdkoltm; v$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh wnfaecGifhay;xm;onfh umvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;wGif/ xdkol
onfv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufjcif;/ rJqENay;jcif;rðy&//
75// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif trwfjzpf&efvdktyfaomt&nftcsif;csdK hiJhaeyg

v#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwfysuf,Gif;aeygv#ufESifh/ odk hwnf;rpkwfyk'fr 74 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3). jyXmef;csufrsm;urdrd
tm;/ xdkv$wfawmftrwftjzpfjzifh rwufra&muf&efaomf‚if;/ wm;jrpfxm;jcif;cH&ygvsufESifh/ odk hwnf;r[k
wf yk'fr 74 Yyg&Sdonfh vdktyfaomtcsufrsm;udkvdkufav#mjcif;rðyrD/xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&yf&yfodk trwf
tjzpfjzifhwufa&mufcJhaomf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrJqENay;cJhaomf/ rdrdwufa&mufaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rJqENay;
cJhaomfae h&ufrsm;twGuf wae hv#if'%faiG 1000 aqmif&efxdkolYwm0ef&Sd&rnf// xdkaiGudkjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
awmftpdk;&tm;/ ay;qyf&ef&SdaomaºuG;_ rDuJhodk h/ oabmxm;I xdkolxHrSawmif;,l&rnf//
76// // (1) touf 21 ESpfjynfhonfhtjyif/ TtajccHOya'uaomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya'uaomf‚if; vdktyfaom

t&nftcsiflcsdK hiJhonf[k/ jyXmef;xm;jcif;rcH&aomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/ ygvDreftrwftjzpfjzifh ta&G;cH,cl Gifh&Sd
&rnf//
(2) touf 18 ESpfjynfhI/ w&m;Oya't& t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;olr[kwfonfhtjyif/ ygvDreft
wGuf trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;qdkif&m w&m;Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh nD!GwfaomEdkifiHom;wdkif;onf/
ygvDreftwGuf a&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;ydkifcGifh&Sd&rnf//
(3) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGufaomf‚if;/ ygvDreftrwfa&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGuf
aomf‚if;/ ypPnf;OpPmt&nftcsif;rsdK;r&Sd&//
(4) ygvDreftrwfjzpfEdkifa&;twGuf rnfonfhEdkifiHom;udkr# usm;= r b0udkaomf‚if;/ vlrsdK;udkaomf‚if;
udk;uG,f&mbmomudkaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;ðyIvdktyfaomt&nf;tcsif;csdK hiJhatmif/ Oya'rðy&/ odk hwnf;r[k
wfqufvuf&twnfrjzpfap&/ ygvDeftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif rJqENay;Edkifa&;twGufvnf;/ rnfonfhEdkifiH
om;udkr# txufygta-umif;rsm;udkyifta-umif;ðyI/ vdktyfaomt&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;atmif/ Oya'rðy&/
odk hwnf;r[kwfqufvufI twnfrjzpfap&//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 21 &Sd yk'frcGJ (3) wGif rnfodk hyif&Sdaeapumr+/ qdkcJhaomtrwfa&G;aumuf
yGJrsm;wGif rJqENray;ap&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfYtrwfrjzpfap&ef/ rnfonfhomoemh0efxrf;udkrqdk
w&m;Oya'jzifh wm;jrpfEdkifonf//
(5) rJqENay;jcif;udkv#dK h0SufaomrJqENay;pHepfjzifhðy&rnf//
77// // TtajccHOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yftwGuftrwf

a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m/ udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf// xdkudpPtm;vHk;wGif/ rJqENe,fowf
rSwfjcif;/ &Hzef&Hcgvpfvyfaomtrwfae&mrsm;udkjznfhoGif;jcif;/ a&G;aumufyGJusif;y&mrSaomf‚if;/ a&G;aumuf
yGJESifhpyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; jzpfay:vmaom'dG[jzpfr+/ tjiif;yGg;r+rsm;udkqHk;jzwfjcif;wdk hyg0if&rnf//
78// // ygvDrefqdkif&mvGwfawmfw&yf&yf.trwfwOD;udk trwftjzpfrS/ xGufcdkif;&efvdktyfaompnf;urf;

csufrsm;ESifh enf;emrsm;udkygvDrefonf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXef;owfrSwfEdkifonf//
79// // jynfaxmifpk tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;toD;oD;ESifh EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ v$wfawmfw&yf&yfY‚if;/

v$wfawmfrsm;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y‚if;/ rdrdtm;aumfrw0ifDvl}uDd;wOD;tjzpfjzifhtrnfxkwfaz:jyxm;aom
ygvDrefqdkif&maumfrwDY‚if;/ 0ifa&mufajymqdkcGifh&Sdonfhtjyif/ tjcm;enf;jzifhyg0ifaqmif&GufEkdif&efvnf;
tcGifh&&Sd&rnf// odk h&mwGif Tyk'frudkta-umif;ðyI rJqENay;ydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
80// // (1)TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;onf/

v$wfawmf. vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufr+wdk hudkpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfap&efenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEdkifonf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$waf wmfem,u/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyif
_ yD;aemuf/ v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGJzuftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I‚if;/ xdkv$wfawmfrsm;. tcsif;csif;quf
oG,fa&;rsm;ESifh‚if;/ vkyfief;pOfenf;Oya'rsm;udkðyEkdifonf//
(3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf. wGzuftpnf;ta0;wGif/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf
xdkem,urvmra&mufv#ifjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfIyk'frt&ðyxm;aom vkyfief;pOf
enf;Oya'rsm;jzifh jyXmef;onfhyk*~dKvfwOD;onf obmywdtjzpfjzifhaqmif&Guf&rnf//
81// // TtajccHOya'wGifjyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;v$wfawmf

rSw&m;0ef}uDwOD;ODtm;&mxl;rSEkwfy,f&eftqdkudkaqG;aEG;onfrSwyg; xdkw&m;0ef}uD; tvkyf0wW&m;aqmif
&Guf&mY ðyr+aomðyr+csufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IygvDrefwGifaqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&//
82// // (1) ygvDrefwGif/ aqmif&Gufonfh r+cif;udpPonf v$wfawmfrsm;qdkif&mvkyfief;pOfenf;vrf;twdkif;rus
eojzifh rcdkifvHk[k rnfonfhw&m;&Hk;wGifr$jiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
(2) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif v$wfawmfvkyfief;pOfudkaomf‚if;/ r+cif;udpPaqmif&Gufjcif;
udkaomf‚if;/ pnf;urf;owfrSwfay;&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;urf;ao0yfatmifaqmif&Guf&ef TtajccHOya'
uaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;ESif;tyfhjcif;cH&aomjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf
OuUXtm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,utm;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yf
.tjcm;trwfwOD;tm;/ xdktm%mrsm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Gufa&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ w&m;&Hk;urpD&ifEdkifap&//
tydkif; 2 // jynfol hv$wfawmf //

·
83// // (1)jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif w&m;Oya'jzifh owfrSwfxm;aom rJqENe,frsm;rS/ a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf
vdkufonfh udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;yg0if&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&iftrsdK;om;udk,fpm;vS,f trwfrsm;twGuf
u&iftrsdK;om;vlODd;a& tcsdK;tpm;tvdkufowfrSwfay;&rnfjzpfaom trwfae&mta&twGufudk oD;oef h
xm;&efjyXmef;csufrsm;udkðy&rnf//
(2) Tv$wfwmftrwfOD;a&onf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfOD;a&. ESpfqeD;eD;jzpfEdkifor#jzpfap&rnf//
Tv$wfawmf.trwfOD;a&udk tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf// odk h&mwGifjynfol hv$wf
awmftrwfOD;a&udk pkpkaygif;udk 100˜000 v#if trwfwOD;usESifhwGufojzifh/ &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&atmufav#mh
Ijzpfap/ vlOD;a& 30˜000 v#if trwfwOD;ufESifhwGufjzifh &&SdaomtrwfOD;a&xufydkIjzpfaprowfrSwf&//
(3) aemufqHk;t}udrfoef;acgifpm&if;aumufcsuft&/ od&Sd&aomrJqENe,few,f&SdvlOD;a&ESSifh xdke,ft
wGuf a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf&rnfh trwfOD;a&wdk h.tcsdK;tpm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0ef;vHk;wGif/ rJqEN
e,fwdkif;Y wlnDEdkifor#wlnDEdkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif u&ifjynfeDjynfe,f&SdrJqENe,frsm;ESifh (tcef;9 tydkif; 5 wGif
!Gef;xm;aom) csif;0daowdkif;&Sd rJqENe,frsm;twGufrSmr+um;/ tcsdK;us&Ekdifonfxuf trwfoD;a&udkwdk;jr‡ifh
Edkifonf//
(4) rJqENe,f&SdvlOD;a&twdk;tav#mhudk axmufxm;oifhinfhtwdkif;axmufxm;I/ ygvDrefonf
tenf;qHk;wESpfv#ifw}udrfus rJqENe,frsm;udk ppfaq;jyifpqif&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkrJwENe,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;
aomajymif;vJcsufonf/ ygvDref.oufwrf; rukefqHk;rDtusdK;roufa&muf&//
84// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmftwGuftrwfa&G;aumufyGJrsm;udk/ v$wfawmfa[mif;tm;zsufodrf;onfhaemuf

&ufaygif; 60 atmufaemufrusapbJ usif;y&rnf// a&G;aumufyGJrsm;udkysif;yaomtcgwdkif;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
0ef;vHk;Y rJqENay;jcif;udk wae hxJwGifjzpfajrmufEdkifor#jzpfajrmufatmifðy&rnf//
(2) jynfol hv$wfawmftpnf;ta0;udk/ rJqENrsm;ay;_ yDd;onfhae hrSpI/ &ufaygif; 60 twGif;usif;y&
rnf//
85// // jynfol hv$wfawmfwdkif;onf/ yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usif;yonfhae hrSpI/ av;ESpfwdkifwdkifqufvufI

wnf&Sd&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif yk'fr 94 t& ta&;w}uD;tajctaeqdkufa&mufonf[k ausnmaomtrdef h
wnfaecdkufwGif/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk h wufa&mufrJ
ay;-uaom oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhonfh trwfrsm;.twnfðycsufjzifh/ txufygav;ESpfumvudk wESpf_ yDD;
wESpf qufvufIwnf&SdapEdkifonf//
xdk htjyifEdkifiHawmforRonf/ TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 57 Y jyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif; jynfol hv$wfawmfudk
tcgra&G;zsufodr;f Edkifonf//
86// // (1) rnfonfhb¾mawmfESpftwGufrqdk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. t&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;rSef;ajcaiG

pm&if;udk TtajccHOya'&Sdtcef; 7 t&/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy_ yD;onfhaemuf/ xdkrSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udk
v$wfawmfuvsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGmpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf//
(2) oD;jcm;Oya'ðyjcufjzifh txl;wvnfjyXmef;xm;aomudpPtwGufr[kwfv#if/ ESpftoDd;oD;.b¾m
a&;qdkif&mqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twdkif; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef vdktyfaomOya'udk xdkESpftwGif;wGifðy&rnf//
(3) rnfonfhudpPtwGufaiGrnfr#ok;H pGJ&rnf[k/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u tqdkoGif;
jcif;rðyonfhumvywfvHk; jynfol hv$wfawmfonf tcGefawmfudkoHk;pGJ&ef/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfol haiGrsmm;udk
oHk;pGJ&ef rJqENay;jcif;aomf‚if;/ qHk;jzwfjyXef;jcif;aomf‚if;rðy&/ w&m;Oya'udkvnf;rðy&//
tydkif; 3 // vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf //
87// // TtajccHOya'&Sd 'kwd,Z,m;YcGJa0az:jyxm;onfhtwdkif;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif trwfae&m 125

ae&m&Sd&rnf//
88// // (1) jynfol hv$wfawmfudkjzufodrf;_ yD;onfESifhw_ ydkifeuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfonfvnf;jzufodrf;_ yD;jzpfap

&rnf//
(2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftwGuf/ a&G;aumufyGJudk jynfol hv$wfawmfjzufodrf;_ yD;onfhaemuf/ aemufxyf
a&G;aumufaom jynfol hv$wfawmf.yXrtpnf;a0;udkusnif;yonfrSpI/ 15 &ufajrmufae hrvGefrDusif;y_ yD;
jzpfap&rnf//
89// // a&G;aumufyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yxrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk/ 0ef}ud;csKyf. t}uHay;

csuft& EdkifiHawmforRwuowfrSwfaomae h&ufwGif/ usif;y&rnf//
tydkif; 4 // ygvDref.tm%mrsm; //
90// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif Oya'ðyEdkifaomtm%m

onf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ygvDref.tufOya'wckonf/ xdktufOya'ESifhoabmudkufnDaom enf;Oy
a'rsm;ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udkðyap&ef/ xdktufOya'wGiftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aomolwOD;OD;tm;‚if;/ odk h
wnf;r[kwf tm%mydkifwOD;ODtm;aomf‚if;/ tcGifhtm%mudkv$JtyfEdkifonf// xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oy
a'rsm;rSm w&m;Oya'uJhodk htm%m&Sd&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESihfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk ygvDrefqdkif&m
v$wfawmftoD;oD;odk h / qufvufusif;vuWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifoGif;&rnf// xdk t h jyiftqdkygenf;Oya'rsm;
t&/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;t&ta&;,laqmif&GufcJh_ yD;jzpfaom tr+udpP.cdkifvHkjcif;udkrxdcdkufap
bJ/ xdkenf;Oya'rsm;ESifhpnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;udk wifoGif;onfhae hrSpI/ oHk;vtwGif;wGif ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmf
ESpf&yfvHk;Y tqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwfI y,fzsufEdkif&rnf ///
91// // odk h&mwGifa'otvdkufudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&Sdonf[laom&nf&G,fcsufoabmw&m;udk tajccHI/
w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom a'oqdkif&mudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;odk h/ tkyfcsKyfa&;udpP/ ,Ofaus;r+udpP/ pD;yGg;
a&;udpPrsm;twGuftxift&Sm;az:jyxm;aom tm%mrsm;udkv$Jay;&ef/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;csufðyEdkifonf/
xdkjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0ifaomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdkudk,fpmvS,ftzGJ hrsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;/ tm%mrsm;ESifhwm0ef
0wW&m;rsm;udk‚if;/ xdk htzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&wdk h. qufqHa&;udk‚if;/ owfrSwf&rnf//
·
92// // (1) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJjzifh/ jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$JtyfaomOya'ðytm
%mrSvGJI/ ygvDrefwGifjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk;twGufjzpfap/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. wpdwfwa'otwGufjzpfap/
Oya'rsm;udkðy&eftm%m&Sd&rnf//
Tyk'frY a&S huaz:jycJhaom pnf;urf;csufwdk h.a,bk,soabmudk tcsKwftcs,frjzpfapbJ/ xdk hjyif
aocsmonfxufaocsmatmif/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frcGJYrnfodk hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfaxmifpk
ygvDrefYomY&SdaomOya'ðyr+tcGifhtm%monf (jynfaxmifpk Oya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaom) TtajccHOy
a'.wwd,Z,m;&Sdpm&if; 1wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;aomudpPtm;vHk;tay:Y oufa&mufjyef hESH h&rnf aus
nmvdkufonf//
tqdkygpm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm; aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&m trsdK;tpm;wckckY/ yg0ifae
onfhudpPwckckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom/ atmufyk'frcGJjzifh jynfe,faumifpDrsm;odk h vHk;0cGJa0v$Jtyfxm;
onfh jynfe,fa'oEW&oabmouf0ifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom/ odk h
wnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwGif;a&;&m oabmouf0ifaom aqmif&GufzG,fta-umif;t&mpm&if;wGifyg0ifonf[kr
rSwfr,l&//
(2) jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;[kaz:jyvwWHaomtqdkygZ,m;&Sdpm&if; 2 Y oD;jcm;a&wGufjyxm;onfh
udpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ jynfe,f.wpdwfwa'otwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&ef
jynfe,faumifpDYomtm%m&Sd&rnf//
(3) rnfonfhjynfe,faumifpDrqdk/ rdrd.e,fajrrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ tm%mrsm;udkaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpk
EdkifiHodk h qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ jyeftyfEdkifonf//
93// // jynfaxmifpkOya'ðypm&if;wGif opfawmudpP/ owWwGif;udpP/ a&eHajrudpP/ owWKwl;az:ðyjyifa&;udpP/

pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfydkifcGifh yg&Sdonfjzpfaoma-umifh/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHuoHk;pGJydkifcGifh&Sdaomtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJ&mY
xdkopfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efaomf‚if;/ wdk;wufatmifðyap&efaomf‚if;/
toHk;csap&efaomf‚if; vufrSwfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvdkifpOfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhtm%mv$Jtyfaomtjcm;
enf;udkxkwfray;rD/ xdkodk hxkwfay;aom tm%mydkifonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfemftwGufcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD;ESifhwdkifyif&rnf//
94// // (1) ppfa-umifhjzpfap/ EdkifiHwGif;qlylr+a-umifhjzpfap/ jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH.wnfwHhr+udk tEW&,fjzpfap

tyfaom txl;ta&;w}uD;tajcjzpfay;ae_ yD[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkxdcdkufaeaompD;yGg;a&;ta&;
w}uD;tajconf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkfiiH.wpdwfwa'oYay:aygufae_ yD[lIaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu (Tt
ajccHOywGifta&;w}uD;a-ujimcsuf[k!Gefxm;aom) ausnmcsufw&yfudkxkwfjyefcJhaomf/ yl'fr 92 wGifrnfodk
hyifqdkxm;apumr+/ jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGif oD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,f
we,ftwGufaomf‚if;/ Oya'rsm;udkðy&efygvDrefwGiftm%m&Sd&rnf//
(2) TtajccHOya't&/ Oya'ðy&ef tm%m&Sdaomjynfe,faumifpD.tm%mudk/ Tyk'fr&Sdpum;
a-umifh/ csKwfcs,fjcif;rðy&/ odk h&mwGif jynfe,fw&m;Oya'. jyXmef;csufwckckonf/ Tyk'frt&Oya'ðy&ef
tm%m&SdaomygvDref. jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'&SdjyXmef;csufwckckESifhqef husifaecJhaomf/ jynfe,fw&m;Oya'
twnfrðyrDujzpfap/ ðy_ yD;rSjzpfap/ twnffjzpfaeaomjynfaxmifpkw&m,;Oya'udkomv#ifvdkufem&rnf//
jynfe,fw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'twnfjzpfaecdkuf/ jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ESifhqef husifor#
om/ tm%mysufjy,faeap&rnf//
(3) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufudk= =
(u) aemufxyfa-unmcsufw&yfxkwfjyefI&kyfodrf;Edkifonf//
(c) ajcmufvtcsdefumv rukefqHl;rD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpfyfvHk;u qHk;jzwfjyXmef;Itwnf
rðyv#if/ xdkajcmufvtcsdefumvukefqHk;aomtcg/ xdkausnmcsufonf tm%mewnf_ rJjcif;
rS&yfpJ&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif xdka-unmcsuf tm%mqufvufwnfaeap&ef/ oabmwlaomqHk;jzwfjyXmef;
csufudk/ yfvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;utwnf¹yv#if/ xdk htjyiftwnf¹ywdkif; / xdka-unmcsufonf &kyf
odrf;jcif;rcH&ao;or#/ Tyk'frcGJt&/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfaejcif;rS&yfpJ&rnfhae hrSpI aemufxyf 12
v umvtwGufqufvuftm%mwnf&rnf//
(4) ta&;w}uD;a-unmcsufxkwfjyefjcif;a-umifhomv#ifygvDrefuðyydkifcGifh&SdI xdkðyydkifcGifhtESifhtnDðy
xm;aomw&m;Oya'onf/ xdka-unmcsuftm%mwnfjcif;rS &yfpJ_ yD;onfhaemufajcmufvtcsdefumvukef
qHk;aomtcg/ tqdkygtcsdefumvrukefqHk;cifuðy_ yD;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrðybJcsefcJhaomt&mrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;
IrSwyg; /tusdK;roufa&muf&//
95// // jynfe,fESpfe,f./ odk hwnf;r[kwfESpfe,fxufydkaom jynfe,frsm;.jynfe,faumifpDrsm;onf/

jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;wGifoD;jcm;a&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPwckcktwGuf ygvDref.tufOya'jzifh/ xdkjynfe,f
rsm;wGifpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;oifhonf[laomtcsufudktvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrifcJhaomf/ xdk hjyifxdkjynfe,f
aumifpDrsm;u/ xdkodk htvdk&Sdonf[kqHk;jzwftwnfðycJhaomf/ ygvDrefonf/ xdkodk hpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfay;&eft
wGuftufOya'wckudktwnfðyjyXmef;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkodk hjyXmef;vdkufaomtufOya'udk xdktufOya'
ESifhoufqdkifonfhjynfe,few,fESifhpyfvsOf;I/ xdkjynfe,faumifpD.tufOya'ujyifEdkifonf// odk hwnf;r[kwf
&kyo f drf;Edkifonf//
96// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdpwkwÎZ,m;Y a&wGufaz:jyxm;aom tcGefxGufyif&ifrsm;rS &rnfh tcGefawmf

tm;vHk;onf jynfe,fYaomff‚if;/ jynfe,fuaomf‚if;/ aumufcH&&Sdaomjynfe,f.tcGefawmfaiGwGifyg0if&rnf
(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJt&/ jynfe,frsm;odk hcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtcGefawmfrsm;rSvGJI
tcGefawmftm;vHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf.tcGefawmfwGifyg0if&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // TudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom tzGJ hwckck. odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckck.axmuf
cHcsufrsm;t&axmufyHh&ef vdktyfonf[k qHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom taxmuftyHhaiGrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
awmftpdk;t&onf rdrd.tcGefawmfrsm;rSxkwfI jynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifrsm;.tcGefawmfrsm;udk jznfhwif;aom
tm;jzifh/ xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifrsm;.tpdk;&rsm;tm;ay;Edkifonf//
97// // (1) ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfzGJ hpnf;xm;&SdaomtcGifhta&;onf/ ygvDrefYomwnf&Sd&rnf//

(2) ygvDrefuzGJ hpnf;xm;&Sdaom ukef;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfrsm;rSwyg; rnfonfhukef;wyf/ a&wyf/
avwyfudkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhppfwyftpnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ ppfwyfoabtcsdK ht0ufygaomf rnfonfht
pnf;t&Hk;udkr#aomf‚if;/ rnfonfhta-umif;udpPESifhr#/ rzGJ hrpnf;rxm;&Sd&/ odk h&mwGif_ idrf0yfydjym;a&;qdkif&mwm
0ef0wW&m;oufoufudkom aqmif&Gufap&ef jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. tcGifhtm%mt&xm;&Sdaom&mZ
0wftzGJ hudkr+um; zGJ hpnf;xm;&SdEdkifonf//
tydkif; 5 // Oya'ðyjcif
Oya'ðyjcif; //
98// //jynfol hvGwfawmfwGifpwifwifoGif;I/ xdkv$wfawmfuyiftwnfðyvdkufaom Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk/

vlrsdK;pkvGwfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// xdkOya'-urf;onf aiGOya'-urf;r[kwfv#if/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jyifqif
csufðyEdkifI jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifydk hEdkifonf//
99// // aiGOya'-urf;rsdK;rSwyg;/ tjcm;Oya'-urf;wdkif;udk vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGifwifoGif;EdkifI/ xdkv$wfawmfu

twnfðyvdkufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfujyifqifcsufðyEdkifI/ vlrsdK;pkv$wf
awmfodk h/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjyefydk hEdkifonf//
100// // v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuvufcHaomOya'-urf;udk/ ygvDrefqdkif&m

v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u/ twnfðyonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
101// // tpdk;&.omrefESpfpOftoHk;pm&dwfrsm;twGuf/ tcGefawmfudk/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGudkowfrSwfay;aom

Oya'-urf;onf/ xdkodk howfrSwfcGJa0ay;aomtcsufrsm;Sifhomv#if/ oufqdkif&rnf//
102// // tcGefpnf;usyfa&;qdkif&mOya'-urf;rsm;onf/ tcGefpnf;usyfaomtcsufrsm;ESifhomoufqdkif&rnf/

xdkOya'-urf;rsm;Yyg&Sdonfhtjcm;udpPrsm;qdkif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;udktusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rjzpfap&//
aiGOya'-
ya'-urf;rsm; //
103// // aiGOya'-urf;rsm;udk/ jynfol hv$wfawmfYomv#if/ pwifwifoGif;&rnf//
104// // jynfol hv$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufaom aiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk h/ t}uHay;

ap&efwifydk h&rnf//
105// // (1) vlrsdK;pkv$wafwmfodk ht}uHay;ap&efwifydk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ xdkv$wfawmfodk h wifydk h_ yD;

onfhaemuf 21 &uftwGif;wGif/ jynfol hv$wafwmfodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfonf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf
.t}uHay;csuftm;vHk;udkaomf‚if;/ tcsdK hudkaomf‚if;/ vufcHEdkifonf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf y,fEdkifonf//
(2) xdkuJhodk haomaiGOya'-urf;wdkif;udk/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfu jynfolv$wfawmfodk h 21 &uftwGif;
wGifjyefrydk hv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfol hv$wfawmfu vufrcHaomt}uHay;csufrsm;jzifh/ xdk 21 &uftwGif;
wGifjyefydk hv#if/ xdkaiGOya'-urf;onf 21 &ufukefvGefaomtcg/ v$wfawnfESpf&yfvHk;.twnfðycsufudk &onf
[krSwf,l&rnf//
106// // (1) aiGOya'-urf;plonfrSm/ atmufygudpPrsm;tm;vHk;ESifhaomf‚if;/ wckckESifhaomf‚if;/ oufqdkifonfh

jyXmef;csufrsm;om yg0ifaomOya'-urf;udkqdkvkdonf// xdkudpPrsm;um; tcGedfawmfpnf;-uyfjcif;/ tcGefaawmf
&kyfodrf;jcif;/ tcGefawmfcsrf;omcGifhay;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfajymif;jcif;/ tcGefawmfpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwfjcif;/odk h
wnf;r[kwf aºuG;_ rDay;qyfjcif;twGufaomf‚if;/ tjcm;b¾ma&;udprP sm;twGufaomf‚if;/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.
tcGefawmfrS uscHap&efowfrSwfjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudkjyifjcif;/ xdkodk haomowfrSwfcsufudk&kyfodrf;
jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfcGifhðy&efyHkaiGowfrSwfjcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfb¾mawmfaiGcGJa0oHk;pGJjcif;/ vufcHjcif;/ xde;f
odrf;jcif;/ xkwfay;jcif;/ pm&if;ppfaq;jcif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGacs;,ljcif;/ acs;,laiGtwGuftmrcHjcif;/ acs;,l
aiGudkjyefqyfjcif;/ xdkudpPrsm;ESifhaomf‚if;/ qufoG,fIjzpfay:vmaomudpPrsm;jzpfonf//
(2) txufyk'frcGJ&Sd“tcGefawmpnf;usyfjcif;”/ “jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.tcGefawmf”/ “acs;,laiG” [l
aompum;&yftoDoD;,t"dy`g,fwGif/ a'oEW&qdkif&mudpPrsm;twGuf/ a'oEW&qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;uaomf
‚if;/ tzGJ hrsm;uaomf‚if;/ pnf;-uyfaomftcGef odk hwnf;r[kwf aumufcHaomb¾maiG odk hwnf;r[kwf
acs;aiG/ rygacs//
107// // (1) jynfol hvGwfawmfOuUXonf/ rdrd.xifjrifcsufwGif/ aiGOya'-urf;[k,lqaom rnfonfhOya'

-urf;udkrqdk/ aiGOya'-urf;[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufay;&rnf// Tyk'frwGif qufvufyg&Sdonfh jyXmef;csuf
rsm;ESifh rqef husifv#if/ xdkaxmufcHcsufonft_ yD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf//
(2) Oya'-urf;wcktm; aiGOya'-urf;[kwfr[kwf tcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk hwifjypOf;pm;ap&ef vlrsdK;
pkv$wfawmfonf/ trwfpkpkaygif;.oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufrav#mhaom trwfrsm;wufa&mufonfh tpnf;a0;wck
wGif twnfðyaomjyXmef;csufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;yef-um;Edkifonf//
(3) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif;/ xdkyef-um;csufudk vdkufavsm&efqHk;jzwfv#if/
tcGifhta&;aumfrwDwckudkcef h&rnf// xdkaumfrwDwGif jynfol hv$wfawmfESifhvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwdk hrs trwfOD;
a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnfhtjyif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrSw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;udkvnf;/ obmywdtjzpfjzifhvnf;cef h&
rnf//
rJqENta&twGufwlnDaeaom udopPYomv#if obmywdY rJqENay;udkifcGihf&Sd&rnf//
(4) xdkodk hcef htyfvdkufaomtcGifhta&;aumfrwDodk h EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkjy\emudkay;ydk h
axmufvSrf;&rnf// Oya'-urf;udkvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfodk hay;ydk h_ yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 21 &uftwGif;wGif xdk
aumfrwDonf rdrd.,lqcsufudkEdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;tpDt&ifcH&rnf//
(5) tpDt&ifcHcsufudktajcðyIEdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;csrSwfaomqHk;jzwfonf/ t
jyD;tjywftwnfjzpf&rnf//
108// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf. yef-um;csufudkrvdkufav#m[k rdrdoabmtwdkif;qHk;jzwf

v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftcGifhta&;aumfrwDonf txufygowfrSwfxm;aomtcsdeftwGif;wGif tpD&ifcH&efjyuf
uGufv#if/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUX.[kwfrSefa-umif;axmufcHcsufonf twnfjzpf_ rJjzpf&rnf//
109// // v$wfawmfw&yfutjcm;Oya'-urf;wckckudkwnfðyvdkufI/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuxdkOya'-urf;udky,fcs

v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwftwnfðy&efysufuGufv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkOya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;onfhv$wfawmf
uvufrcHaomjyifqifcsufrsm;jzifhtwnfðyvdkufv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonfv$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;
ta0;udkusif;yap&rnf//
wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&muf-uaomv$wfawmftrwfrsm;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkpwifwifoGif;aom
v$wfawmfu twnfðyvdkufonfh Oya'-urf;ESifhwuG/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuðy_ yD;jzpfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;&Sdv#if/
xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;udkyg/ pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;Edkif&ef rJqENay;&rnf/ tu,fItpnf;ta0;odk hwufa&mufrJay;-u
aomv$wfawmfESpf&yftrwf pkpkaygif;.trwfrsm;&mu/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ygv#if/ xdkjyifqifcsufrsm;ygaom Oya'
-urf;udktwnfðyvdkufaomf/ cdkOya'-urf;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. twnfðycsufudk&,lonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifwGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y= =
(u) v$wfawmfw&yfutwnfðy_ yDd;jzpfaomOya'-urf;udk/ tjcm;v$wfawmfuy,fcsI/ pwifwifoGif;
aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#if/ xdkOya'udktwnfðy&eftcsdef-uef h-umaoma-umifh ðytyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;rS
wyg;/ tjcm;rnfonfhjyifqifcsuiftqdkudkr#rwifoGif;&//
(c) Oya'-urf;udktjcm;v$wfawmfw&yfu jyifqifcsufrsm;xnfhItwnfðy_ yD;aemuf pwifwifoGif;
aomv$wfawmfodk hjyefydk hv#ifr+um;/ tydk'f (u) wGifaz:jycJhaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;ESifh v$wfawmfESpf&yf o
abmuGJvGJonfhtcsufrsm;ESifhqdkifaomjyifqifcsuftqdkrsm;udkwifoGif;&rnf//
xdk hjyif/ Tyk'frt&cGifhðyxdkufaom jyifqifcsufrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;Iobmywdtjzpfjzifh aqmif&Gufaom
ol.qHk;jzwfcsufonf t_ yD;tjywfjzpf&rnf//
110// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.nDvmcHr&Sdcdkuf/ rnfonfhtcgrsdK;Yrqdk/ EdkifiHawmforRwon/f

csufcsif;ta&;,l&efvdktyfaomudpPrsm; ay:aygufvmonf[k,lqv#if/ xdkudpPrsm;ay:aygufvmonfhtav#muf
vdtyfonf[kxifjrifaom wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;udkxkwfjyefa-unmEdkifonf// Tyk'frt& xkwfjyefa-unm
aomwcsufv$wfOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwuoabmwl_ yD;jzpfaom ygvDref.tufOya'uJhodk h/ tusdK;ouf
a&mufItwnfjzpf&rnf//
(2) xdkuJhodk haomwcsufv$wfOya'wdkif;udk óudwifEkwfodrf;xm;_ yD;r[kwfvsif/ xkwfjyefausnmonfh
ae hrspI/ 45 &uftwGif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udkygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;odk hwifjy
&rnf// jynfol hv$wfawmfjyefvnfpnf;a0;0nfhae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ vlrsdK;pHkjyefvnfpnf;a0;
aomae hrS 15 &ufukefvGefaomtcgYjzpfap/ aemufus&mae hwGif/ xdkwcsufv$wfOya'onf twnfjzpfaejcif;
rS&yfpH&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.oabmwlnDcsufjzifh
xdkwcsufv$wfOya'udk/ vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;txd/ qufvuftwnfjzpfapEdkifonf//
(3) wcsufv$wfOya'xkwfjyefa-unmonfhae hrSpI 45 &uftwGif;YEkwfodrf;_ yD;uzpfv#if/ xdkwcsuf
v$wfOya'udk ygvDrefodk h/ qufvufusif;yvwWHaomnDvmcHwGifwifjy&rnf//
(4) Tyk'frt&/ wcsufv$wfOya'wckwGif/ TtajccHOya't&/ ygvDrefurðyEddkifaom jyXmef;csufyg
&Sdv#if/ yg&SdaomxdkjyXmef;csufonfysufjy,f&rnf//
vufrSwfxdk;jcif;ESifh xkwfjyefa-unmjcif; //
111// // (1) Oya'-urf;wckudk ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u twnfðyvdkufonfESifh wòydifeuf/ xdkOy
a'-urf;udk Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD vufrSwfa&;xdk;&efESifh tufOya'w&yftjzpfjzifhxkwfjyefa-unm&ef
xdkOya'-urf;udk EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifjy&rnf//
(2) TtajccHOya'Y/ tjcm;jyXmef;csufðyxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ rdrdxHodk hwifjyaomOya'-urf;wdkif;udk Edkif
iHawmforwWonf /wifjy_ yD;onfh aemufwae hrSpI 7&ufatm ufaemufrusapbJ/ vufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf//
(3) Oya'-urf;wckckudk EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdxHodk hwifjy_ yD;onfhaemufae hrSpI 7 &uftwGif;Y/
vufrSwfrxdk;v#if xdkOya'-urf;onf/ 7 &ufajrmufaomae hwGif/ EdkifiHawmforRw.vufrSwfa&;xdk;csufudk &
bdouJhodk htufOy'jzpfvm&rnf//
112// // (1) TtajccHOya't&/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfvufrSwfa&;xdk;_ yD

onf[krSwf,ltyfaomOya'-urf;wdkif;onf/ Oya'-urf;udkvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vufrSwfxdk;
_ yD;onf[krSwf,ltyfaomae hrSpI tufOya'jzpfvm&rnf//
(2) xdkuJhodk haomOya'wdkif;udk/ EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef ht&/ tpdk;&jyefwrf;wGif xkwfjyefa-unm&
rnf// xdktufOya'Y/ oD;jcm;!$e-f um;csufrygv#if/ xkwfjyefa-unmaomae hYtm%mwnf&rnf//
113// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom tufOya'rsm;ESifh wcsufv$wfOya'rsm;.pmr+rsm;udk w&m;v$wf
awmfcsKyf. twGif;0ef&Hk;wGifarmfuGef;wif&rnf// xdkpmr+rsm;onf tqdkygtufOya'. odk hwnf;r[kwf wcsuf
v$wfOya'.jyXmef;csufrsm;twGuf/ t_ yD;owfoufao taxmuftxm;jzpf&rnf//
tcef; 7 //
jynfaxmifpktpdk;& //
·
114// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&tzGJ hudkyk'fr 56 t&cef hxm;aom0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD;
rsm;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
115// // tpdk;&tzJG honf/ jynfol hv$wfawmftm;/ tzGJ hvdkufpkaygif;wm0efcH&rnf//

··
116// // tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ ajcmufvr#wqufwnf;ygvDrefr[kwfv#if/ xdkumvtydkif;tjcm;
ukefqHk;aomtcg/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uDd;tjzpfrS&yfpJ&rnf//
117// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRw.vufodk hrdrd.EkwfxGufv$mudkay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ 0ef}uD;csKyfonf tcgra&G;/ &xl;rS/

&mxl;rSSEkwfxGufEdkifonf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;ap&ef rdrdEkwfxGufv$mudk 0ef}uD;csKyfvufodk hay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ rnf
onfhtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf// wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frcGJt& EdkifiHawmforR
wuvufcaH omtcg xdkodk hEkwfxGufjcif;onftwnfjzpf&rnf//
(3) 0ef}uD;csKyfut}uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf 0ef}uD;csKyf.EkwfxGufjcif;udkrSwyg;/ tjcm;
rnfonfh0ef}uD;.EkwfxGufudkrqdkvufcH&rnf//
118// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ rdrdoabmt& vHkavmufaomta-umif;rsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef

}uD;wOD;tm; rnfonfhtcsdeftcgYrqdk/ &mxl;rSEkwfap&efawmif;qdkEdkifonf// tu,fI oufqdkif&m0ef}uD;onf
xdkawmif;qdkcsufudkvdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;rðybJysufuGufcJhaomf/ xdk0ef}uD;tm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu&mxl;rS&yfpJa&eft
}uHay;cJhv#if/ EdkiHawmforRwonf xdk0ef}uD;udk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//
119// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ jynfol hv$wfawmfwGif trwfrsm;&m.axmufcHr+udkr&aomtcg/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&

rnf// odk h&mwGif 0ef}uD;csKyf.t}uHay;csuftwdkif;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu yk'fr 57 t&/ ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;I/
xdkodk hzsufodrf;_ yD;aemuf/ ygvDrefudkwzefjyefvnfusif;ypnf;a0;aomtcg/ xdk0ef}uD;csKyfonfjynfol hv$wfawmf
wGiftrwfrsm;&m. axmufcHr+udkjyefvnf&&Sdv#if/ rdrd.&mxl;rSjyefvnfEkwfxGuf&efrvdk//
·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwJG “ 8 ”
120// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdk &mxl;rSEkwfxGufv#if 0ef}uD;rsm;onfvnf;/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rS

EkwfxGufonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif&mxl;rsm;YqufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}uD;rsm;udkcef hxm;_ yD;
onhfwdkifatmif/ vuf&Sd0ef}uD;csKyfESifh0ef}udD;rsm;onf/ rdrdwdk h.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&Guf-u&
rnf//
(2) ygvDrefudkzsufodrf;onfhae h&ufu &mxl;vuf&Sdjzpf-uaomtpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ &mxl;
qufcHxrf;&Gufrnfh 0ef}ud;rsm;udkcef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwdk h.&mxl;rsm;wGif qufvufwnf&Sdae-u&rnf//
121// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tkyfcsKyfr+qdkif&m ta&;,laqmif&Gufcsuftm;vHk;udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmf

orRw. trnfjzifhta&;,lonf[k az:jy&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmforRw.trnfjzifh xkwfjyefaom trdef hrsm;ESifhwuG pmc|efawmfrsm;udk/ EdkifiHawmf
orRwu jyXmef;onfhenf;Oya'rsm;wGifaz:jyxm;aomenf;vrf;rsm;ESifhtnD/ [kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;ap&rnf//
xdk hjyifxdk hodk h[kwfrSefa-umif;xif&Sm;atmifðyxm;aomtrdef h/ odk hwnf;r[kwfpmc|efawmfonf EdkifiHawmforR
w.trdef h/ pmc|efawmfrsm;r[kwfaoma-umifh rcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkydkifcGifhr&Sdap&//
(3) rdrd.oabmtwdkif; aqmif&Guf&efTtajccHOya'u jyXmef;onfhr+cif;udpPrSvGJI/ jynfaxmifpkt
pdk;&aqmif&Guftyfaom r+cif;udpPtwGuf‚if;/ tqdkygr+cif;udpPukd 0ef}uD;rsm;tm;cGJa0ay;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRw
onf enf;Oya'rsm;udkjyXmef;&rnf//
txufujyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udke,fajra'ovdkuf
cGJa0Edkifonfhtjyif/ tpdk;&Xmeqdkif&mvkyfief;tvdkufvnf;cGJEdkifonf//
122// // TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/

atmufygudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf//
(u) ygvDrefuOya'ðyEdkifaomudpPrsm;//
(c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtywGifzGJ hpnf;I jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. oabmwlnDcsufjzifhjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH
awmfwyfcsaeaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfutoHk;ðy&ef/ v$Jtyfjcif;cH&aomvufeufudkifppfwyf
rsm;udk xdkudpPtwGuf jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfoabmwlnDcsufwGifyg0ifaomjyXmef;csufrsm;
ESifhav#mfnDpGm tkyfcsKyf&efudpPrsm;//
123// // (1) ygvDref.oabmwlnDcsufudkr&bJ/ ppfrausnm&// jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHonfvnf;ppfxJYryg0if&//
(2) odk h&mwGif tjyiftyrSxdyg;wdkufcdkufvmaomtcgYaomf‚if;/ xdkodk hxdyg;tHHhqJqJtcgYaomf‚if;/
tpdk;&onfjynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,fapmifh&Smuf&efvdktyfonf[k,lpv#if/ vdktyfonf[k,lqonfhtwdkif;/
ta&;,laqmif&GufEdkifonf// xdk hjyifygvDrefnDvmcHusif;yaeqJr[kwfv#if/ tv#iftjrefqHk;qifhac:I nDvmcHudk
usif;yap&rnf//
124// // jynfwGif;a&;&m/ jynfaxmifcsif;csif;a&;&m tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;aomoabmxm;0g'rsm;udk0ef}uD;csKyf

onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwtm;ta-umif;-um;ae&rnf//
125// // (1) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&onf/ b¾mawmfESpftwdkif; wESpftwGufjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.t&rSef;ajcpm&if;

ESifhtoHk;rSef;ajcpm&if;rsm;uðyI xdkpm&if;rsm;udk jynfol hv$wfawmfodk h pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef wifjy&rnf//
(2) toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udpP/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tcGefawmfcGJa0vsmxm;jcif;udpP/ xdkodk hwifjyjcif;/
vsmxm;jcif;wdk hESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfrsm;wGif/ vdkufem&rnfhvkyfief;
pOfudk TtajccHOya'ujyXmef;xm;_ yD;r&Sdv#if/ w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDjyXmef;&rnf//
EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf //
126// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfutrnfwifoGif;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haewOD;udk/ EdkifiH

awmfa&S haecsKyftcsKyftjzpfcef hxm;&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;rSm/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhudpPrsm;wGif/ tpdk;&t}uHay;&efjzpf
onf// xdk hjyiftcgumvtm;av#mfpGm/ EdkifiHawmforRwuaqmif&Gufap&efvGJtyfaom/ Oya'ESifhqdkifonfhtjcm;
wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf; aqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf//
127// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&efjzpfaom EkwfxGufpmudk0ef}uD;csKyftm; ay;tyfjcif;jzifh/ EdkifiH
awmfa&S haecsKyfonf/ tcgra&G;&mxl;rSEkwfxGufEdkifonf//
(2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ vHkavmufaomta-umif;tcsufrsm;&Sdonf[kxifjrifv#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf
tm;/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&ef/ awmifqdkEdkifonf//
(3) xdkawmif;qdkcsufudk EkdifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfurvdkufemcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu
t}uHay;v#if/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyfudk&mxl;rS&yfpJap&rnf//
(4) 0ef}uD;csKyfEkwfxGufaomftcg/ Edkifihawmfa&S haecsKyfonfvnf; rdrd.&mxl;rSEkwfxGuf&rnf// odk h&m
wGif0ef}uD;csKyf.&mxl;udkqufcHrnfhyk*~dKvftm;/ cef hxm;onfhtcsdeftxd rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;uudkqufvuf
aqmif&GufEdkifonf//
(5) TtajccHOya'&Sd txufujyXmef;cJhaomjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyf
&mxl;ESifhwuG / EdkifiHawmfa&S haecsKyftm; ay;&rnfhvpmp&dwfwdk hudkw&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//
EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf //
128// // ygvDrefESifhjynfe,faumifpDrsm;.tcGifhtm%mjzifh/ xdk htjyiftcGifhtm%mt&/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&
udk,fpm;aiGxkwfay;a&;udpPtm;vHk;udk}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyfap&ef‚if;/ pDrHcef hcGJ&aomaiGrsm;.pm&if;tm;vHk;udkppf
aq;&ef‚if;/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&Sd&rnf//
·
129// // EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh!d‡Edkif;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. oabm
wlcsuft&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;&rnf// &mxl;rSEkwfy,faomtcgYvnf; v$wfawmf0ef}uD;wOD;udk
&mxl;rSEkwfy,faomenf;twdkif;/ xdkw&m;0ef}ud;udkEkwfy,f&mwGifvdktyfaomta-umif;rsdk;jzpfomv#if/Ekwfy,f
&rnf// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ ygvDrefqdkif&mrnfonfhv$wfawmftrwfr#rjzpfap&/ tpdk;&Esifhoufqdkifonf
jzpfap roufqdkifonfjzpfap/ vpmp&dwfa-u;aiG&aomtjcm;&mxl;XmeEW&wckckudkrcH,l&/ EdkifiHawmfpm&ifppf
csKyfonf/ rdrd&mxl;rS&yfpJaomtcg/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH./ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,frsm;.tpdk;&vufatmufwGif
aemufxyf&mxl;&,lEdkifcGifhr&Sd&//
130// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfv#Of;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;ðyaom
tcgwGif/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf rdrd.vpmudk av#mhap&efrdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmf
pm&if;ppfcsKyfudkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif;ESifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwf yifpOf,ljcif;ESifh pyfv#Of;I
tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&//
131// // EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyfonf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhjynfe,frsm;. aiGpm&if;rsm;qdkif&mtpDt&ifcHpm

rsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfaz:jyxm;aomtcsdefumvrsm;wGif/ jynfol hv$wfawmfodk hwifjy&rnf//
132// // txufuaz:jycJhaomf jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf&mxl;qdkif&mpnf;

urf;csufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf //
· jyiffqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “ 2 ”
tcef; 8 //
jynfaxmifpk.w&m;pD&ifa&; //
133// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0SefvHk;Y/ w&m;pD&ifa&;udpPudk TtajccHOya't&aomf‚if;/ w&m;Oya't&aomf
‚if;/ wnfaxmifxm;aom w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD/ odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDcef h
xm;aom w&m;ol-uD;rsm;u pDrHtkyfcsKyf&rnf//
134// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif/ r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifh t,lcHw&m;&Hk;rsm;[lI ESpfrsdK;yg0if&rnf//

(u) r+vw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif w&m;v$wfawmfyg0if&rnf/ w&m;Oya'jzifhrajymif;v$Jor#/ xdkw&m;v$wf
awmfwGif/ r+vpD&ifydkifcGifhESifh t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhwdk h&SdI/ Oya'a-umif;ESifhjzpfap tr+csif;&mESifhjzpfap oufqdkifaom
udpPjy\emwdk hudkpD&ifqHk;jzwf&eftm%mvnf;&Sd&rnf//
(c) w&m;v$wfawmf.t}uD;tr+;udk“v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf//
135// // (1) atmufygudpPrsm;twGuf/ w&m;v$wfawmfYomr+vpD&ifydkifcGifh tm%mrsm;&Sd&rnf//

(u) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHucsKyfqdkaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;pmcsKyfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iay:aygufvmaomud
pPrsm;//
(c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHESifh jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0if tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm; odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfaxmif
pktzGJ h0iftcsif;csif;tjiif;jzpfyGg;aomudpPrsm;//
(*) w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwfxm;aom tjcm;udpPrsm;&Sdv#ifvnf;xdkudpPrsm;//
(2) rnfonfhvufatmufcHw&m;&Hk;Yrqdk r_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom tr+wr+wGif/ w&m;Oya'wckck
onf TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laomjy\emrsdK;/ ta&;,lavmufatmif
ay:aygufaeonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwfay:ayguf&ef ta-umif;&Sdonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfu ,Hk-unfauseyfcJhaomf/
w&m;v$wfawmfonf xdktr+ukpd pfaq;&efrdrd.v$wfawmfodk hajymif;a&$ h, l&rnf//
136// // (1) aemufqHk;t_ yD;tjywf t,lcH0if&efjzpfaomw&m;&Hk;udk/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf”[kac:&rnf//

(2) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t}uD;tr+;udk“EdkifiHawmf0ef}uD;csKyf”[kac:&rnf//
(3) TtajccHOya'&Sdtjcm;jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hay;tyfxm;aomtm%mrsm;
udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ xdk hjyifw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;xm;aom¹cGif;csufrsm; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm;ESifhrqef husifv#if/ w&m;
v$wfawmfcsKyfY w&m;v$wfawmf.pD&ifcsuftm;vHk;udkppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkifaom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;&Sd&
rnf/ xdk hjyiftjcm;w&m;&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifcsufrsm;udk w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif; ppfaq;qHk;jzwfEdkif
aom t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;vnf;&Sd&rnf//
137// // w&m;Oya'wckonf tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t& cdkifvHkonfrcdkifvHkonf[laom jy\emay:

aygufaeonfhtr+rsm;udk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.t,lcHpD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mjzifh/ rpD&ifrqHk;jzwf&[krnfonfhw&m;
Oua'rsdK;udkr#rðy&//
138// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. pD&ifcsufrsm;onf tr+tm;vHk;wGift_ yD;tjywfjzpfI/ t,lcH0ifcGifhr&Sdap&//
139// // (1) v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'

t& cef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfwdk honf atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
“u|Ekfyf= = = = = = = = = = = onf/ w&m;0ef}uD;csKyf (odk hwnf;r[kwf w&m;0ef}uD;) .wm0eftvkyf0wW
&m;rsm;udkajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,fr&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/ b,m*wdrsm;odk hrvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf;
&Sdor#^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyif u|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHaoya'ESifhw
uGw&m;Oya'rsm;udk/ xdrf;odef;apmifha&Smufrnf[k av;eufwnf_ idrfpGma-unmI uwdopPmðyygonf// ”
(2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf EdkifiHawmforRw.a&S harSmufwGif txufygtwdkfi;opPmqdkIvuf
rSwfxdk;&rnf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESihw f &m;v$wfawmfqdkif&m w&m;0ef}uD;toDoD;onfvnf; EdkifiHawmfw&m;
0ef}uD;csKyf. a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; TudpPtwGufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfaomfw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk;
w&m;0ef}uD;.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if; txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
(3) w&m;0ef}uD;wdkif;onf w&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkpwifraqmif&GufrD/ oppmqdk
IvufrSwfxdk;&rnf// xdkodk hðyjcif;udkw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef hxm;_ yD;onfhaemufwae hrSpI 10 &ufatmuf
aemufrusaomae h&ufYaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu owfrSwfaomaemufwae hYaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Guf&rnf//
(4) txufygtwdik f; opPmrqdkvdkI vuftrSwfrxdk;vdk[k jiif;qefaom odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGuf
aomw&m;0ef}uD;onf &mxl;udkvufrcHvdkjiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[kIrSwf,l&rnf//
·
140// // (1) EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfESin fh d‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvdrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;t
a0;.oabmwlcsufjzifh/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uDd;csKyfudkEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkfi vufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyf
cwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ cef hxm;&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh nd‡Ed+if;wdkifyif_ yD;v#if/ ygvDrefqdkif&m
v$wfawmfESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. oabmwlcsufjzifh/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfqdkif&mw&m;
0ef}uD;tm;vHk;udk EdkifiHawmforRwonf rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcwfEdSyfaom trdef hpmjzifhcef hxm;&
rnf//
· jyifqifcsufcsufaemufqufwGJ “2”
141// // w&m;ol}uD;tm;vHk;onf. TtajccHOya'ESifh w&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkufemI/ rdrdwdk h.w&m;pD&ifr+

tvkyf0wW&m;rsm;udkvGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf//
142// // (1) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if; rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aomf‚if; jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkif

iH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGg;cJhI rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r
[kwf tenf;qHk; ig;ESpf xdkEdkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdk hjyif= =
(u) tenf;qHk;ig;ESpf &efukeòf rd h[dkufuGwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwft
enf;qHk;ig;ESpf TtajcchOya't&wnfaxmifaomw&m;v$wfawmf. w&m;0ef}uD;rjzpfcJ hbl;v#if/ odk hwnf;r
[kwf
(c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;Espftr+vkdufvJ aqmif&GufcJhbl;aomw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if
xdkolonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;SESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&//
(2) wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. EdkifiHom;r[kwfv#if/ xdk hjyif= = =
(u) tenf;qHk;q,fESpftr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhaom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r
[kwf
(c) jrefrmjynfYaom‚if; jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHYaom‚if;/ tenf;qHk;ig;ESpfc&dkifpuf&Sifw&m;ol}uD;. &mxl;
atmuf redrfhaom odk hwnf;r[kwf &efukeòf rd hawmfw&m;rw&m;&Hk; w&m;ol}uD;csKyf. &mxl;atmufredrfhaom
w&m;Xme&mxl;wGif aqmif&GufcJholr[kwfv#if/
xdkolonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;tjzpfcef hxm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap& //
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif (u) xdkolonfw&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if/ odk hwnf;r[kwfw&m;Xme
&mxl;wGif yXrt}udrfcef htyfpOftcguw&m;a&S haer[kwfcJhv#i/f xdk hjyif
(c) tenf;qHk;wq,fhig;ESpf tr+vdkufvJaqmif&GufcJhbl;aom w&m;v$wfawmfa&S haer[kwfv#if
xdkolonfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef hxm;xdkufaomt&nftcsif;ESifhr&Sdap& //
(3) Tyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf//
(4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwf pkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHkatmuf rav#mhaomtrwfrsm;uwifjyygonf
[k qHk;jzwfjyXmef;vufrSwfxdk;I ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif
Tyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&//
(5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaomtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef;
csucf saomftcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&//
(6) pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; wOD;ESifhoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudktxl;cHkawmft
zGJ hu pHkprf;ppfaq;&rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmforRwaomf‚if;/ EdkifiHawmforRwu rdrd.oabmtwdkif;
cef hxm;aomyk*~dKvfwOD;aomf‚if;/ xdk hjyifvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hvnf;yg0if&
rnf?
pGyfpGJcsufonf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ESihfoufqdkifaeaomf/ xdkpGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ huppfaq;
&rnf// xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/ vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf em,uESifhjynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg
0if&rnf//
(7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHkprf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom w&m;0ef}uD;Y rdrdudk,fwdkifaomf‚if;
rdrd.udk,fpm';vS,ftjzpfaomf‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//
(8) txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJhaomv$wfawmfodk htpD&ifcHpm
wifjy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmf&Hk;tzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_ yD;t
jywftwnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGifoabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;w&m;cHkawmftzGJ h.tpD&ifcHpmudkygvD
refqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf//
pGyfpGJcsufudkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ w&m;0ef}udd;.tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;
jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifhrxdkufaom tusifh
pm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wufa&muf
rJay;aomtrwfrsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrdudk,f
wdkifwHqdyfcwfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&mw&m;0ef}uD;udk &mxl;rSEkwfy,f&rnf//
144// // jynfaxxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;I toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGufav#mhjcif;wdk hudk

ðyaomftcgwGif/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.vpmudk
av#mhap&ef/ rdrdtvdktav#mufoabmrwlcJhaomf/ v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;udk odk hwnf;r[kwf v$wfawmfw
&m;0ef}uDd;udkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if; tcGifh,ljcif;ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwfyif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom t
cGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmifajymif;vJjcif;rðy&//
145// // EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf&mxl;aomf‚if;/ vpfvyfaomft

cg/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; xdkv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfaomf‚if; tvkyfcGifYr&Sd
aoma-umifhjzpfap/ tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhjzpfap/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&m wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkif
cJhv#if/ xdkwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk/ vpfvyfaom&mxl;wGifcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfu0ifa&mufxrf;&Guo f nfhwdkif
atmif/ odk hwnf;r[kwfEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if; v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfuaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm
0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyrfvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ xdkudpPtwGufcef hxm;aom w&m;
v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&mtjcm;w&m;0ef}uD;uaomf‚if;/ ta-umif;tm;av#mfpGmaqmif&Guf&rnf//
146// // (1) wcgw&H w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfwGif w&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/

vpfvyf.//wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if;/ emzsm;rusef;jzpfaoma-umifhjzpfap/ cGifh,laom
a-umifhjzpfap/ tufOya'jzifh/ odk hwnf;r[kwftjcm;wenf;enf;jzifhcGJa0v$Jtyfxm;aomtjcm;wm0ef0wW&m;
rsm;udak qmif&Gufaeaomfa-umifhjzpfap/ tvkyfcGifodk hrwufra&mufEdkifjzpf. wcgw&Hw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;aomf‚if;/
trsm;aomf‚if;/ t&nftcsif;ysuf,Gif;. xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif w&m;cGifYw&m;pD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;udkquf
vufpD&if&efaomf‚if;/ w&m;pD&ifa&;txrajrmufEdkifatmif/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfY/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&taphtiS
r&Sdjzpf. // xdkodk hjzpfaomtcg EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfonf odk hwnf;r[kwfacwWEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf
on/f odk hwnf;r[kwfxdkyk*~dKvfESpfOD;r&Sdcdkufjzpfv#if/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;xJrS 0gt&ifhqHk;jzpfaomw&m;0ef}uDonf/
vdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wODd;tm; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;cGifodk h wuf
a&mufyg0ifEdkifap&ef/ trnfxkwfaz:I/ pmjzifha&;om;qifhqdkEdkifonf//
(2) xdkodk hqifhqdkjcif;cH&aomv$wfawmf w&m;0ef}uD;onf/ rdrd.&mxl;qdkif&mwm0ef0wW&m;xuf w
&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfqdkif&m/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk tOD;tzsm;xm;um aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfaom-umifh/ w&m;pD&if
&efvdktyfaomtcsdefY‚if;/ w&m;pD&if&efvdktyfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGif;Y‚if;/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.
w&m;cGifodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&rnf// xdkodk hwufa&mufw&m;pD&if&mwGif xdkw&m;0ef}uD;onf/ v$wfawmf
csKyf w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;.tm%mrsm;ESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;udk&&Sdrnfhtjyif/ wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ aqmif&Guf&
rnf//
147// //v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;&mxl;wckvpfvyfcJhaomf odk hwnf;r[kwfv$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onf

tvkyfcGifY r&dSaoma-umifh‚if;tjcm;ta-umif;wckcka-umifhaomf‚if;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkraqmif&GufEdkif
cJhaomf/ EdkififawmforRwonft&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkaomyk*~dKvfwOD;tm;/ v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfjzifh
acwWaqmif&Gufap&ef rdrd.oab,twdkif;cef hxm;Edkifonf// TtajccHOya'&Sdyk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) t&/ cef h
xm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/ txufygvpfvyfcJhaom&mxl;wGif 0if&mufxrf;&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ odk hwnf;r
[kwf t_ rJwrf;w&m;0ef}uD;onf rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkjyefvnfaqmif&Gufonfhwdkifatmif/ EdkifiHawmforR
wu rdrd.oabmtwdkfi; xdkyk*~dKvftm;/ &mxl;rSrEkwfodrf;ao;or# txufygcef hxm;jcif;cH&aomyk*~dKvfonf/
v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
148// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfEsifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk honf/ armfuGef;&Hk;rsm;jzpf&rnf// xdkv$wfawmfrsm;onf/

jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.òrd hawmfwGif&Hk;pdkuf-u&rnfhtjyifEdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyif_ yD;aemuf/ EdkifiH
awmforwWu tcgumvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaomae&mYvnf;/ odk hwnf;r[kwfae&mrsm;Yvnf;&Hk;pdku-f u
&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfwOD;xufydkaomw&m;

v$wfawmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;onf/ EdkifiHawmforRwu EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh !‡dE+dif;wdkifyif_ yD;aemuf tcg
umvtm;av#mfpGm owfrSwfaom&Srf;jynfe,f&Sdae&mwae&mY&Hk;xdkif&rnf//
149// // w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ TtajccHOya'&Sd txufuaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/J

atmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDowfrSwf&rnf//
(u) bk&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifhw&m;v$wfawmfwdk htwGuf/ w&m;0ef}uD;OD;a&owfrSwfa&;udpP/ w&m;0ef
}uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_ idrf;pm;,laomtouft&G,fESifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;// xdk hjyif
(c) w&m;&Hk;rsm;udkwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif;/ w&m;&Hk;rsm;ESifhw&m;ol}uD;rsm;tm;/ vkyfief;aqmifwm
rsm;udkcGJa0ay;jcif;/ xdkw&m;&Hk;/ xdkw&m;ol}uD;rsm;.pD&ifydkifcGifhrsm;/ vkyfief;pOfqdkfi&mudpPrsm;//
150// // (1) w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.xifjrif,lqcsufudk,l&avmufatmif jynfolrsm;twGufta&;}uD;onf[l

aom Oya'a-umif;qdkif&mjy\emw&yfay:aygufvmonf[kaomf‚if;/ ay:ayguf&efta-umif;&Sdonf[kaomf‚if;/
EdkifiHawmforRwonf rnfonfhtcgYrqdkxifjrif,lqcJhaomf/ xdkjy\emudk pOf;pm;ap&efw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk
h v$JtyfEdkifonf// w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuvnf;/ xdkjy\EsifhpufvsOf;I avsmfuefoifhjrwfonfhtwdkif; -um;em
ppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ edkifiHawmforRwxHtpD&ifcHEdkif&rnf/]
(2) xdkjy\emudk-um;emppfaq;pOfu/ yg0ifaqmif&Guf-uaomw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. oabmudkufnD
csufjzifh w&m;cGifwGiftxift&Sm;csrSwfaomxifjrif,lqcsufESifhtnD Tyk'frt& tpDt&ifcHonfrSwyg;/ rnf
odk hr#tpD&ifrcH&/ odk h&mwGifw&m;0ef}uD;wOD;ODd;.oabmuGJvGJaomxifjrif,lqcsufudkr+um;/ Tyk'frcGJ&Sdpum;
a-umifh/ xkwfaz:a&;om;cGifhrðy[krrSwf,l&//
152// // w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfa-unmvdkufaomw&m;Oya'onf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. tm%mydkif

euftwGif;&Sd w&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;tay:wGif oufqdkifEdkifor#oufqdkifonftxd/ tm%mwnfonf[lI‚if;/ xdkw
&m;&Hk;rsm;uvdkufem&rnf[lI‚if;/ todtrSwfðy&rnf//
153// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomw&m;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%mudk/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu ydkrdkxda&muf

pGm oHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/ vdktyfonf[k odk hwnf;r[kwftvdk&Sdxdkufonf[kxifjrif,lqEdkifI/ TtajccHOy
a'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;rnDr !Gwfrjzpfaomxyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ w&m;v$wafwmfcsKyftm;ay;&ef/ ygvD
refonf/ tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//
tcef; 9 ///
tydkif; 1// &Srf;jynfe,f //
&Srf;jynfe,faumifpD //
·
154// // (1) ygvDref.&Srfljynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;
&rnf//
(2) vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfY yg0ifrnfh&Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mtrwftm;vHk;udk &Srf;jynfe,f.apmfbGm;rsm;onf
jynfol hv$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkficGifhr&Sdap&//
(3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpf
rS&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf_ yD;
onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//
155// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifh oufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/

ygvDrefodk haxmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf//
156// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_ yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;wckudkvufrSwfxdk;I

xkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonf tqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyf
vsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmuftyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKwf.qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;r
ðyv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udkwifoGif;onfrSpI wvtwGif;wGif/ vufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
157// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaom twufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf odk h

wnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;.wpdwfa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf rqef husifonf[laom jy\
emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h/ xdkOya'-urf;udkv$Jtyf
Edkio
f nf//
· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “9”
(2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uDd;oHk;ODd;atmufrtenf;yg0ifaomcHkv$wfawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaaomjy\

emudkpOff;pm;&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[kxifjrifonfhtwdkif;-um;empOf;pm;_ yD;aom
tcg/ xdkjy\emESifhpyfvsOf;I/ v$Jtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf/ &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwf
csufudk vsifjrefor#vsOfjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdkiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;
rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//
(3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonf// TtajccHOya'ESifh
qef husifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;
pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifydk hrnf/ jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifpOfcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/
EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[kjiif;qdk&rnf//
(4) xdkokd hjiif;bG,fr&Sdv#if EdkifiHawmforRonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfutqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:a-u
nm_ yD;onfhaemuf/v#ifjrefEdkifor#v#ifjrefpGmxdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwfjyef
a-unm&rnf//
(5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt& wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h
rv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rS_ zpfap/ EdkifiHawmforRwu/ vyfrSwfxdk;cJh_ yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd
[laomta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&//
158// // EdkifiHawmforRwvufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpDtufOya'pmr+wdkif;udkw&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf.

twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf// rdwWLwdkif;udkvnf;/ &Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf//
159// // &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kodrf;Edkifonf/

odk h&mwGifjynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudkESpfpOfwESpfv#iftenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaom
tcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH.yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//
&Srf;jynfe,ftpdk;& //
160// // 0ef}uD;csKyfonf &Srf;jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref. &Srf;jynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ft

rwfrsm;teuf/ trwfwOd;OD;/.trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudkEdkifiH
awmforRwonf atmufwGif “&Srf;jynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if 0ef}uD;
tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'.udpPrsm;twGuf &Srf;jynfe,f
OuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//
161// //(1) &Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonf &Srf;jynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,lIaqmif&Guf&rnf// qdkvdk&if;rSm/
&Srf;jynfe,fOuUXonfwdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%m
udkoHk;pGJEdkif&rnf//
(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaom
tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;
jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufysHESH h&rnf//
162// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf

jynfe,faumifpDuOya'ðyydkifaom udpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/
jynfe,fOuUXonfaumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf//
(2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEdkif;wdkiyf if&rnf//
(3) &Srf;jynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifhxifjrifcsufrsm;udk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGifvG,f
ulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumifyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf/ yxrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif/
aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtyrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if; a&G;cs,f&jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ h
pnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honfjynfe,fOuUXudktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpf
onf//
163// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaomvkyf

ief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// &Srf;jynfe,fudpPtm;mvHk;ESifh
oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGm;wdk;wuf
&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&efjynfe,faumifpDtm;axmuf
cHt}uH;ay;&rnf//
·
164// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf/ jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifhtoHk;
rSef;ajcaigpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,f
aumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf//
(2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. axmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf;urf;
csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf//
xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;/ auseyfEdkifap&ef
jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGif/ xnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf//
165// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapb/J jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk;

&tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ cdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynf
axmifpktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h.qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPtm;
vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhowfrSwf&rnf//
tydkif; 2 // ucsifjynfe,f //
ucsifjynfe,faumifpD //
166// // (1) ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh ucsifjynfe,faumfpDudkzGJ

pnf;&rnf//
(2) vlrsdkK;pkv$wfawmfY ucsifjynfe,ftwGufowfrSwfxm;aomtrwfae&m 12 ae&mteuf/ 6
ae&mudkucsifjynfe,frSucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jznfhoGif;&rnf// tjcm; 6 ae&mudkucsif
jynfe,frSucsiftrdsK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udkpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf
(3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaomjynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf;aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS
&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumifwifajr‡muf_ yD;
onfhwdkifatmif rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//
167// // (1) TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfucsift

rdsK;om;r[kwfaomtrsdK;om;rsm;onf vlwef;pm;tjzpfjzihfaom‚if;/ vlrsdK;pktjzpfjzifhaomf‚if;/ cHpm;cJ-h uaom
tcGifhta&;rsm;udkxdcdkufepfemaponfh Oya'-urf;onf/ tpnf;t0;wufa&mufrJay;aom/ ucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;
. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rðyv#if/ jynfe,faumifpD.t
wnfcsufudk&,lonf[krrSwf,l&//
(2) jynfe,faumifpDwGif/ Oya'-urf;wckonf/ wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJwGif az:jyonfho
abmrsdK; oufa&mufaomOya'-urf; [kwfr[kwftjiif;jzpfyGg;cJhaom/ obmywdonf/ xdktjiif;jzpfyGg;r+Esifhpyf
vsOf;I jynfe,faumifpD0ifucsiftrsdK;om;rsm;./ udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;ESifh/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.
udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;tm;/ woD;wjcm;pD rJqENay;ap&rnf// ucsiftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&m
uaomf‚if;/ ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;uaomf‚if;/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJ
ay;cJhaom/ xdkOya'-urf;onfaz:jycJhaomabmrsdK;oufa&mufonfhOya'-urf;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
168// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fydkifOya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsmm;udkðyay;&ef/

169// // jynfe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'-urf;wckudktwnfðy_ yD;aomtcg /xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I

xkwfjyefa-unmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk hwifoGif;&rnf// EdkifiHawmforRwonftqdkygOya'-urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;
I wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.qhk;jzwfcsufudkar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/
xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif;wGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&rnf//
170// // (1) EdkifiHawmforRwxHodk h wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'frt&wifoGif;aomOya'-urf;onf/ odk h

wnf;r[kwfxOdk ya'-urf;.wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhqef husifonf/ rqef husifonf[laomjy
\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk hEdkifihawmforRwonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; xdkOya'-urf;udkv$J
tyfEdkifonf//
(2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkpOf;pm;
&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudkoifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;_ yD;aemuf/
xdkjy\emESifhpyfvsOf;I vGJtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf&ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsufudk
vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGiftxift&Sm;a-ujim&rnf// Tyk'fr.udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;
&m.qHk;jzwfcsufonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//
(3) Tyk'frt& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hv$JtyfaomOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifh
qef husifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfuqHk;jzwfaomfudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkjyefvnf
pOfpm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf/ jynfe,faumifpDuvdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/
EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf//
(4) Todk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforRwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:
a-ujim_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEDkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I/ tufOya'jzpfvma-umif;xkwf
jyefa-unm&rnf//
(5) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frt&wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$Jr
tyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmfprRwuvufrSwfxdk;cJh_ yD;v#if/ jynfe,faumifpDuðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom
ta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'&SdjyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiifqdkjcif;rðy&//
170// // EdkifiHawmforRw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufya'pmr+wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyft

wGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf//
172// // ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgumvtm;av#mfpGmjynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/

odk h&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf// xdkodk husif;yaom
tcg jynfe,faumifpD ndvmcH.yXrtpD;ta0;wdk h.pyf-um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//
ucsifjynfe,ftpdk;& //
173// // 0ef}uD;cskyfonf/ ucsifjynfe,faumifpDESifh!d‡Ed+if;wdkfyifI/ ygvDref.ucsifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,f

trwfrsm;teuf ucsiftrwfwOD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwffudkEdkif
iHawmforRwonf “ucsifjynfe,f0ef}uD;”[kac:wGif&rnfhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOy
a'.udpPrsm;twGuf ucsifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//
174// // (1) ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ ucsifjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudkwm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf//

qdkvdk&if;rSm ucsifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkif&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfr+
tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEDkif&rnf//
(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhom
tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cHhxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ ah jymif;ay;
jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm; pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk houfa&mufjkyef hESH h&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif ucsiftrsdK;om;r[kwfolrsm;&mwdk haexdkifaoma'orsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfe,f
OuUXonf tqdkygudpPtm;vHk;wGif tpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;teuf ucsiftrsdK;om; r[kwfolrsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
ESifh !d‡Ed+;wdkifyifIomv#if/ aqmif&Guf&rnf//
175// // (1) TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/

jynfe,faumifpDw&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomaomudpPrsm;odk houfa&mufjyef hESH honf// tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ
&mwGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ aumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufudkvdkufem&rnf//
(2) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf
(3) ucsifjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&mwGif
vG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;yaomtpnf;ta0;wGif
aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom‚if;a&G;cs,fI/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudkzGJ h
pnf;&rnf// xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudtvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpf
onf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk&mwGifjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0if/ xuf0ufatmufrav#mhaomtzGJ h0ifrsm;onf csuiftrsdK;
om;r[kwfolrsm;jzpf&rnf//
176// // jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaom vkyf

ief;aqmifwmta-umif;udkajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf/ ucsifjynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifh
oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfgwifoGif;ap&rnf/ jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&m
wdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaompDrHcsufrsm;udkjynfaumifpDupOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&efaxmufcHt}uH
ay;&rnf//
·
177// // (1)jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmf ESpfwdkif;wESpftwGufjynfe,fqdkif&m rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh toHk;
rSef;ajc aiGpm&if;rsm;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,f
aumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf//
(2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.taxmuftyHaiGESifhpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;uowfrSwfaom pnf;urf;
csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk vufcHtwnfðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf
xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufema-umif;EdkifiHawmforRwtm;auseyfEkdifap&efjynf
e,fbwf*sufudkjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.bwf*swfwGifxnfhoGif;az:jy&rnf//
178// // TtajccHOya'.tcef; 10 &Sd/ jyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ ucsifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkif&//
179// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX jynfe,faumifpD/ jynfe,ftpdk;&

wdk h.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ hwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpk
tpdk;&.qufqHa&;udpPyg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk/ w&m;Oya'jzifh
owfrSwf&rnf//
tydkif; 3 // u&ifjynfe,f //
·
180// // (1) (u) u&ifeDjynfe,f/ oHvGifc&dkif/ xdk hjyif (*) EdkifiHwmforRwucef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ h
uqHk;jzwfowfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdki-f uonfh u&ifeDjynf,fESifh oHvGifc&dkifwdk h. qufpyfa'o
rsm;udk/ xdka'ooHk;ckyaexdkif-uolrsm;EsifhwuG/ xdka'orsm;rStyjzpfaom jrefrmEdkifihYaexdki-f uaom u&ift
rsdK;rsm;teuf/ rsm;|&mutvdk&SdcJhaomf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;
&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk “u&ifjynfe,f” [kac:&rnfhtjyif/ &Srf;jynfe,f.tqifhtwef;rsdK;udkvnf;&&Sd
ap&rnf/
(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaomtxufyk'frcGJ wGifaz:jyxm;aoma'otoD;oD;&Sdvlrsm;. qENtrSefudkpHkprf;
&mYvdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. w&m;Oya'uowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf//
aumfolav; //
·
181// // wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt& u&ifjynfe,fudk rzGJ hpnf;EdkifrD/ oHvGifc&dkifESifhwuGEdkifiHawmf
orRwu cef hxm;onfhtxl;aumfr&SiftzGJ huqHk;jzwf owfrSwfaom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;aexdkif-uonfhoHvGif
c&dkif.qufpyfa'orsm;udkatmufaz:jyygjyXmef;csufESifhrqef husifapbJ/ aumfolav;[kqc:wGiftyfaom
txl;a'owcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(1) jynfol hv$wfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;. udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom u&ifa&;&maumifpD
udkzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdktrwfrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfrS ig;OD;xufrrsm;aom u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm;vS,f
trwfrsm;udk aumifpDwGifxyfjznfh&rnf//
(2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfu&ifa&;&maaumifpDESifh !‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk.fpm;
vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdktrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfonf
“u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;” [kqc:wGif&rnfjzpfaomjynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf//
(2) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ u&ifa&;&mef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudk pDrHcef h
!Gef-um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf//
(u) aumfolav; txl;a'o.t&yf&yfqdkif&m pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyif txl;tm;jzifhaumfolav;t
xl;a'owGif/ tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;
rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;/
(c) u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;twGuf/ ynmoifausnif;rsm;EsifhwuG ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;ESifh
oufqdkifaomudpPrsm;/
(*) TtajccHOya't&u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ ay;tyfonfhtxl;tcGifhta&;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/
(4) u&ifa&;&m0ef}uDF;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif/ u&ifa&;&,aumifpDuulnD&rnf
t}uHay;&rnf//
(5) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom u&ifa&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifp|Dyvnf;aumifpDtrwf
tjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf/ odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd,wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//
(6) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ u&ifa&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh u&ifa&;&maumifpDwdk h
. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;EsifhxdkaumifpDwdk h.udpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/
xdk0ef}uD;xdkaumifpDwdk hESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.qufqHa&;&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf
&rnf//
tydkif; 4// u&ifeDjynfe,f //
182// // (1) ya'o&mZf &Srf;jynfe,fpk&Sd rdk;_ AJe,f[k,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrudk xdke,fYaexdkif-uolrsm;

&mu tvdk&SdcJhaomf u&ifjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;&rnf//
(3) xdke,fajr&Sdvltrsm;.qENtrSefudk pHkprf;&mY vdkufem&efjzpfaomenf;vrf;wdk honf w&m;Oya'
jzifhowfrSwfonfhtwdkif;jzpf&rnf//
·
183// // (1) ygvDrefutjcm;jyZmef;csufðyonfhwdkifatmif= =
(u) uEWm&0wD/ abmvcJESi-fh u,fzdk;}uD;wdk h.apmzsmrsm;onfvlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,f
qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm; tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf//
(c) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&rdk;_ AJe,fudk u&ifeDjynfe,ftwGif;odk haygif;oGif;aomtcg/
rdk;_ AJapmfbGm;onfvnf; vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfwGif u&ifeDjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfwOD;
tjzpfjzifhyg0if&rnf?
(*) apmzsmrsm;onf‚if;/ apmfbGm;onf‚if;/ jynfol@v$wfawmfwGiftrwfjzpfEdkifcGifhr&Sdap&?
(2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfh u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDudk

zGJ@pnf;&rnf?
(4) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS &yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwf

tjzpfrS &yfpJonf[k rSwf,l&rnf? odk@&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡muf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf?
184? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf rdrdudk,fwkdifOya'jyKydkifcGifhr&Sdaom udpPESifhoufqdkifonfhOya'rsm;udk jyKay;&ef

ygvDrefodk@axmufcHcsufwifoGif;Edkifonf?
185? ? jynfe,faumifpDonf Oya'-urf;wckudk twnfjyK_ yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I

xkwfjyefausnmay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wifoGif;&rnf? EkdifiHawmforwonf tqdkyg Oya'-
urf;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufudk
ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rjyKv#if/ xdkOya'-urf;udk wifoGif;onfhaerSpI wvtwGif;wGif vufrSwfxdk;&rnf?
·
186? ? (1) EdkifiHawmforwxHodk@ wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wifoGif;aom Oya'-urf;onf/
odk@wnf;r[kwf xdkOya'-urf;. wpdwfwa'oonf/ TtajccHOya'Esifh qef@usifonf/ rqef@usifonf[laom
jyoemudk qHk;jzwfay;&ef EdkifiHawmforwonf/ rdrd. oabmtwdkif;w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@ xdkOya'-
urf;udkv$JtyfEdkifonf?
(2) v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD; 3 OD;atmufrenf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/ v$Jtyfaom jyoemudk

pOf;pm;&rnf?vGJtyfaomjyoemudkpOf;pm;&rnf? v$Jtyfaomjyoemudk oifhjrwfavsmfuefonf[k
xifjrefonfhtwdkif; -um;emppfaq; pOf;pm;_ yD;aomftcg/ xdkjyoemESifhpyfvsOf;I v$Jtyf_ yD;onfhaemuf/
&ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk@.qHk;jzwfcsufudk vsifjrefEdkifor# vsifjrefpGm w&m;&Hk;wGif
txift&Sm;ausnm&rnf? Tyk'fr. udpPrsm;tvdk@iSm/ w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf
w&m;v$wfawmf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf?
(3) Tyk'frt&/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@v$Jtyfaom Oya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf/ TtajccHOya'ESifh

qef@usifonf[k w&m;v$wfawmfu/ qHk;jzwfaom udpPwkid f;Y/ EkdifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udk
jyefvnfpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDodk@ jyefydk@&rnf? jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaom
jyifqifcsufrsmudk rjyKv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwonf xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfrxdk;[k jiif;qdk&rnf?
(4) xdkodk@jiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if EkdifiHawmforwonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudk

xkwfaz:ausnm_ yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'-urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvma-
umif;udk xkwfjyefausnm&rnf?
(5) wqufwnf;jzpfaom txufyk'frt&/ wif;oGif;aomOya'-urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcskKyfodk@

rv$JtyfbJESifhjzpfap/ v$Jtyf_ yD;rSjzpfap/ EkdifiHawmforwuvufrSwfxdk;_ yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu
jyKydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom ta-umif;jycsufjzifh/ xdkOya'-urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonf rcdkifvHk[k jiif;qdkjiifrjyK&?
187? ? EkdifiHawmforw vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,f aumifpDtufOya'pmrlwkdif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.

twGif;0ef&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf? rdwWLwkdif;udkvnf; u&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf?
188? ? u&ifeD jynfe,fOuUXonf tcgumvtm;avsmfpGm/ jynfe,faumifpDudk qifhac:Ekdifonf/

&kyfodrf;Edkifonf?
odk@&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD. nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;y&rnf?
xdkodk@usif;yaomtcg jynfe,faumifpD nDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifh
aemufxyfusif;yaomjynfe,faumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk@. pyf-um;wGif 12 v jcm;raeap&?
u&ifeDjynfe,ftpdk;&?
189? ? 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE+dif;wdkifyifI ygvDref. u&ifeDjynfe,f

qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudk wifoGif;aomtcg/
xdkodk@trnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aom trwfudk EdkifiHawmforwonf/ atmufwGif
u&ifeDjynfe,f0ef}uD;[kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ@0if 0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifh cef@xm;&rnf?
xdkodk@cef@xm;jcif;cH&aom 0ef}uD;onf/ TtajccHOya'. udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf?
190? ? (1) u&ifeDjynfe,fOuUXonf u&ifeDjynfe,f pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,lI aqmif&Guf&rnf?

qdkvdk&if;rSm u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/
jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+ tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJEkdif&rnf?
(2) wqufwnf;jzpfaom atmufyk'fr&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudk rxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaom

tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef@xm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/
a&$@ajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif;udpPtm;vHk;odk@ oufa&mufjyef@ESH@&rnf?
191? ? (1) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%monf/

jynfe,faumifpDuw&m;Oya'jyKydkifaomudpPrsm;odk@oufa&mufjyef@ESH@onf? tkyfcsKyfr+tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&m
wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufudk vdkufem&rnf?
(2) jynfe,fqdkif&mtjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyif&rnf//
(3) u&ifeDjynfe,faumifpD.qHk;jxwfcswfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;udkjynfe,fOuUXxHwifjy&mwGif
vG,fulpdrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonfa&G;aumufyGJ_ yD;onfhaemuf yXrt}udrfusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif
aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaomf‚if;/ jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;udkjzpfap/
trsm;udkjzpfapa&G;cs,fEdkifonf// xdkjynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwOD;onf odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;onf/ jynfe,fOuUX
udktvkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGifulnD&eft}uHay;&efjzpfonf//
192// // jynfe,fOuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJhaom
vkyfief;aqmifwmta-umif;udk ajym-um;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfajym-um;ap&rnf// u&ifeDjynfe,fudpPtm;
vHk;ESifh oufqdkifaomtpD&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf// jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;
wuf&mwdk;wufa-umif;jzpfonf[k xifjrif,lqaom pDrHcsufrsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm;
axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf//
·
193// // (1) jynfe,fOuUXonf b¾mawmfESpfwdkif;wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt&rSef;ajcaiGpm&ifESifhtoHk;
rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;udkðy&rnf// odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf// xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udkpOf;pm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumif
pDodk hwifoGif;&rnf//
(2) jynfe,faumifpD.taxmuftyHhaiGESihfpyfvsOf;I/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaom pnfg;urf;
csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf/ jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnfðy&ef tm%m&Sd&rnf//
xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDuusepGmvdkufema-umif;/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm;auseyfEdkifap&ef
jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. bwfcsufwGifxJhoGif;az:jy&rnf//
194// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUX/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhjynfe,ftpdk;

&tzGJ h0ifwOD;. Odk hwnf;r[kwftrsm;.tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumif
pD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h0ifwdk htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;zGJ h csKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpP
tm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//
··
195// // Ttydkif;(tcef; 9 tydkif; 4)&Sd/ jyXmef;csuftm;vHk;onf/ yk'fr 180t&/ u&ifjynfe,fudkzGJ hpnf;cJh
aomf/ tusdK;oufa&mufjcif;rS&yfpJ&rnf//
·· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “7”
tydkif; 5 // csif;0daoowdkif; //
196// // EdkifiHawmforwWuowfrSwfaomcsif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifwef;e,frsm;yg0ifonfh csif;0dao

owdkif;&Sd&rnf//
197// // (1) ygvDref&Sd csif;trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS.ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifaom csif;a&;&maumifpDwckzGJ h

pnf;&rnf//
(2) 0ef}uD;csKyfonfcsif;a&;&maaumifpDESifh!‡dEd+if;wdkifyifI/ ygvDref&Sdcsif;trsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,f
trwfrsm;wOD;OD;teuf trwfwOD;OD;. trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdk hodk htrnfudkwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomt
rwfudk EdkifiHawmforwWonf “csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;
wOD;tjzpfcef hxm;&rnf//
(3) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.tm%mrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;onf/ atmufygwdk hudkpDrefcef hcGJ
!Gef-um;}uD;-uyftkyfcsKyf&rnf//
(u) csif;0daoowdkif;. T&yf&yfqdkif&mpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdk hjyiftxl;tm;jzifh/ xdk0daoowdkif;wGif
tkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mjcjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;r+xrf;rsm;pnf;
urf;ao0yfjcif;//
(c) csif;0daoowdkif;wGif ynmoifausmif;rsm;ESifhwuG/ ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomudpPrsm;//
(4) csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;tm;/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkaqmif&Guf&mwGif csif;a&;&maumifpDuulnD&rnf//
t}uHay;&rnf//
(5) ygvDref trwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom csif;a&;&maumifpDtrwfwOD;onf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpD
trwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGifxdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudka&G;aumuf
wifajrmuf_ yD;onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrdwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkqufvufaqmif&GufEDkifonf//
198// // TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ csif;a&;&m0ef}uD;ESifh csif;a&;&maumifpDwdk h.

tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;ESifhxdkaumifpDwdk h. qufqHa&;qdkif&m udpP
tm;vHk;udk‚if;/ xdk0ef}uD;/ xdkaumifpDwdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. qufqHa&;qdkif&mudpPtm;vHk;udk‚if;w&m;Oya'
jzifh jyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//
tydkif; 6 // jynfe,fopfrsm; //
199// // ygvDrefonf jynfe,fopfuvdkufem&rnfhpnf;urf;csufrsm;yg0ifaomtufOya'jzifh/ jynfe,fopfwck

udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðyEdkifonf// xdkowfrSwfcsufrsm;wGif xdkjynfe,frSygvDrefodk hudk,fpm;vS,f
trwfOD;a& rnfa&G hrnfr#a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufEdkifonf[laomtcsufvnf;yg0if&rnf//
200// // (u) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0iftopfwckwnfaxmifzGJ hpnf;jcif;

(c) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkwdk;csJ hjcif;
(*) jynfaxmmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck.tus,ft0ef;udkav$mhjcif;
(C) jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwckck. e,fedrdwfrsm;udkajymif;vJjcif;
wdk hudk/ xdkodk he,fedrdwfðyjyifjcif;cH&aom jynfe,fwdkif;.aumifpDu oabmwlnDygu/ ygvDrefonftufOya'
jzifhjyKekdifonf? xdk@jyif xdkuJhodk@aomoabmwlnDcsuf&&Sdygu ygvDrefonfvdktyfonf[k odk@wnf;r[kwf
oifhavsmfonf[kxifjrif,lqaom xyfjznfhjyXmef;csuf/ ta=umif;oifhjyXmef;csufESifh E_dif;!SdjyXmef;csufrsm;udk
jyKEkdifonf//
tcef; 10
cGJxGufEkdfifaomtcGifhta&;?
201? TtajccHOya'Yaomf‚if; yk'fr 199 t&ygvDrefujyKaom tufOya'Yaomf‚if;

tjcm;jyXmef;csufjyKxm;jcif;r&Sdv#if/ atmufYjyXmef;xm;aompnf;urf;csufrsm;ESifhtnD jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrS
cGJxGufEdkif&ef jynfe,fwdkif;Y tcGifhta&;&Sd&rnf?
202? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae@rSq,fESpftwGif; cGJxGufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udktoHk;rjyK&?
203? (1) cGJxGufEkdifaomtcGifhta&;udk oHk;pGJvdkaomjynfe,fonf/ cGJxGufvkda=umif;tqdkudk

rdrd.jynfe,faumifpDwGufwifoGif;twnfjyK&rnf// jynfe,faumifpD&Sd trwfpkpkaygif;teufoHk;yHkESpfyHkatmuf
ravsmhaomtrwfrsm;u xkdtqdkudkaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;rjyKv#if twnfjyKonf[krrSwf,l&?
(2) oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.OuUXonf jynfe,faumifpD. qHk;jzwfjcif;udk EdkifiHawmforwtm;
ta=umif;=um;&rnf? xdk@jyiftwnfjyKvdkufaomaumifpD. bmywdu[kwfrSefa=umif; vufrSwfxdk;aom
qHk;jzwfcsufrdwWLwapmifudk EkdifiHawmforwxHodk@ jynfe,fOuUXuwifjy&rnf?
204 ? xdktcgEkdifiHawmforwonf/ oufqdkif&mjynfe,f.vlxkqENyGJudk usif;yap&eftrdef@xkwf&rnf?

vlxkqENyGJudkusif;yjcif;rSm oufqdkif&mjynfe,f&Sd jynfolwdk@.qENtrSefudk od&SD&efjzpfonf?
205? EkdifiHawmforwonf vlxkqENyGJaumfr&SifwpfzGJ@udk cef@&rnf? xkdtzGJ@wGif jynfaxmifpkekdfifiHrS‚if;

oufqdkif&mjynfe,frS‚if; udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a&tnDtr#yg0if&rnf? xdktzGJ@onfvlxkqENyGJudk
}uD;=uyfpDrH&efjzpfonf?
206? Ttcef;&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef@usifapbJ tqdkygcGJxGufEkdfifaom tcGifhta&;toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh

pyfvsOf;aom udpPtm;vHk;udk Oya'jzifhpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf&rnf?
tcef; 11
zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyifjcif;//
207? TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufwckckudk ajymif;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; jznfhxnfhjcif;aomf‚if;

&kyfodrf;jcif;jzifhaomf‚if; atmufYazmfjyowfrSwfxm;aomenf;twdkif; jyifEkdifonf?
208? (1) TtajccHOya'udk jyif&efwifoGif;aomtqdkudk Oya'=urf;tjzpfjzifhwifoGif;&rnf?

xdkOya'=urf;udk “zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&efOya'=urf; ”[lIazmfjy&rnf?
(2) zGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&eftqdkwckaomf‚if; trsm;aomf‚if; yg0ifaomOya'=urf;wGif

tjcm;tqdkrsm;ryg&?
·
209? (1) xdkuJhodk@aomOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfY pwifwifoGif;ekdifonf?
(2) xkdOya'=urf;udk ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmftoD;oD;u twnfjyK+yD;aemuf v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;uyif

wGJzuftpnf;ta0;Y pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf?
(3) v$wfawmfESpf&yf.vuf&Sdtrwfrsm;teuf oHk;yHkESpfyHkatmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;u

wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHI rJay;rSomv#if xdkOya'=urf;udk v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u
twnfjyKonf[krSwf,l&rnf?
(5) (u) wwd,Z,m;&dS jynfe,fOya'jyKpm&if;udkaomf‚if;

(c ) pwkwˆZ,m;&Sdjynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef/
(*) ygvDrefwGif jynfe,ftoD;oD;qdkif&mudkf,fpm;vS,ftrwfjzpf&ef vkdtyfaom t&nftcsif;
ysuf,Gif;jcif;r&Sdap&[k yk'fr 74/ yk'frcGJ (1) &Sdtydk'f (C)t& ausnmxm;aomygvDref tufOya'udk aomf‚if;
jyifvdkaomOya'=urf;onf v$wfawmfESpf&yf.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk@ wufa&mufrJay;aom oufqdkif&m
jynfe,frSodk@wnf;r[kwf jynfe,ftoD;oD;rSudk,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI rJay;jcif;jyKv#if/
v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif twnfjyKcsufudk&onf[krrSwf,l&?
· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwJG “7”
(5) tajccHOy'u u&iftrsKd;om;rsm;tm;odk@wnf;r[kwf csif;trsKd;om;rsm;tm; ay;tyfxm;aomtcGifhta&;

udk ,kwfavsmhaprnfhOya'=urf;onf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;odk@wufa&mufrJay;aom u&iftrsKd;om;
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;&mujzpfap/ csif;trsKd;om;udkf,fpm;vS,frsm;&mujzpfap/ oufqdkif&muaxmufcHIrJay;jcif;
rjyKv#if v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;.wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif twnfjyKcsufudk &onf[krrSwf,l&?
210? Ttcef;&SdtxufuazmfjycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD Oya'=urf;udk twnfjyK+yD;aomtcg

xkdOya'=urf;udkEkfdifiHawmforwxHodk@wifjy&rnf? EkdifiHawmforwonf xkdOya'=urf;udkcsufjcif;vufrSwfxdk;I
xkwfjyefausnm&rnf?
tcef; 12
jynfaxmifcsif;csif;qufqHa&;
211? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHonf ppfrufudkEkdfifaomEkdfifiHawmf0g'.vufeufozG,ftoHk;r jyKpGef@y,fonf?
xdk@jyifEkdfifiHjcm;ESifhqufqH&mY jynfaxmifpkcsif;csif;Oya'. oabmw&m;rsm;udk usifhpOftjzpfjzifh
vkdufemvufcHonf ?
212? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHonf jynfaxmifcsif;csif;w&m;r#wr_ESifh EkdifiHwumwdk@apmifha&Smuftyfaom

usifh0wfoduQmwdk@udkf tajccHI urBmh+idrf;csrf;a&;udk EkdifiHwumwdk@ESifhrdwf0wfrysufaygif;zufaqmif&Gufa&;udk‚if;
a&S@&_rnf[lI cdkif+rJaomt"dXmefudkjyKonf?
213? (1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiHyg0ifaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufwdkif;udk ygvDrefYwifjy&rnf?
(2) oabmwlnDcsuftwdkif; txajrmufatmifaqmif&Gufa&;twGuf/ Oya'jyK&efvdkaom odk@wnf;

r[kwf Oya'jyKjcif;udkfvdk&efta=umif;&Sdaom jynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufudk ygvDrefuoabmwlcJhaomf
vufcHtwnfrjyK&?
(3) oabmwlnDcsufwGif jynfaxmmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiH.tcGefawmfrS ukefusp&mrsm;yg0ifaeaom
jynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufudk jynfol@v$wfawmfuoabmrwlcJhaomf vufcHtwnfrjyK&?
&Sif;vif;csuf? ? Tyk'fronfvkyfiefk;aqmifwmenf;emwdk@ESifh qdkifaomodk@wnf;r[kwf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_eSifh
oufqdkifaom tpkd;&tcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;ESifh roufqdkif&?
214? ygvDrefuqHk;jzwfjyXmef;jcif;rjyKv#if rnfonfhjynfaxmifcsif;csif;oabmwlnDcsufr# xdkuJhodk@aom

oabmwlnDcsuftaeESifh jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHw&m;Oya'. wpdwfwa'orjzpf&?
tcef; 13
t&yf&yfqdkif&m jyXmef;csufrsm;?
215? EkdifiHawmftvH.yHkrSm axmifhrSefpwk*HyHkjzjpfonf? tvHrSmteDa&mifcHjzpfI vuf0JbuftxufaxmifhY
tjym&ifhtcef;zGifh+yD;v#if xkdtjym&ifhtcef;tv,fwGif a&mifjcnfvufig;ck&Sdaom =u,fjzL}uD;wyGifhxm;&Sdonf?
xdk=u,fjzL.a&mifjcnfvufrsm;t=um;wGif a&mifjcnfvufig;ckpD&Sdaom =u,fjzLig;ckudkwpfyGifhpD
oGif;&Hxm;&rnf? =u,fjzL}uD;ESifhwuGoGif;&Hxm;aom =u,fi,frsm;.a&mifjcnfvufrsm;teuf wckpDonf
tvH. txufzufodk@rwfrwf!$efvsufwnfap&rnf? tvHwckvHk;.twdkif;twmrSmtvsm; 9 ay/ teH 5 ay/
tjym&ifhtcef;rSm tvsm; 4ay/ teH 2 ay 6 vuR/ =u,f}uD;twGuf axmifhpGef;rsm;udk qufvufI
qGJxm;aom puf0kdif;.tcsif;rSm 18 vuR / =u,fi,f twGuf 9 vuRjzpfonf? tvH.t&G,frSm}uD;i,fr[l
xkdtcsKd;tpm;twdkif;udkfufnDEdkfifor# udkufnD&rnf?
216? jrefrmbmomonf &Hk;oHk;bmomjzpf&rnf? odk@&mwGif t*Fvdyfbmomudkvnf;oHk;cGifhjyKEdkfifonf?
217? TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpmrlESpfckxm;&Sd&rnf? wckrSmjrefrmbmompmrljzpfI tjcm;wckrSm

t*Fvdyfbmompmrljzpfonf? XdkESpfrlwGif wdkif;jynfjyKv$wfawmfOuUXu vufrSwfxdk;I w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.
twGif;0ef&Hk;wGif armfuGef;wif&rnf? xdkpmrlESpfckvHk;udkf TzGJ@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;twGuf
t+yD;tjywfoufaot&mwnfap&rnf?
218? jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHonf odk@wnf;r[kwf jynfe,fwdk@onf jynfoloHk;vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk vkyfudkifap&ef

vufrSwfudk odk@wnf;r[kwf vdkifpifudk okd@wnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf;jzifh tm%mv$Jtyfaom vkyfykdifcGifhudk -
(u) jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHuaomf‚if; jynfe,fuaomf‚if; a'oEW&tm%mydkifrsm;uaomf‚if; }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udkomay;&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf
(c ) jynfaxmifpk EkdfifiHom;wdk@udkomay;&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf
(* ) jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHrSaomf‚if; jynfe,frSaomf‚if; a'oEW&tm%mydkifxHrSaomf‚if; jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHom;rsm;
xHrSaomf‚if; &mcdkifE_ef; 60 atmufren;fyg0ifamaiG&if;&SdI jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHwGif tm%mwnfaom
w&m;Oya'ESifhtnDzGJ@pnf;xm;aom ukr`%Drsm;udkomjzpfap xdkuJhodk@aom tjcm;tzJG@tpnf;rsm;udk ay;&rnf?
odk@&mwGif xdkuJhokd@aomvufrSwfukd odk@wnf;r[kwfvdkifpifudk odk@wnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf;jzifh
tm%mv$Jtyfaom vkyfydkifcGifhukd jynfol@tusKd;twGuf vdktyfaomtcg ygvDrefujyifEkdif&rnf?
odk@wnf;r[kwf ajymif;Ekdfif&rnf/ odk@wnf;r[kwf&kyfodrf;Ekdif&rnf[laom pnf;urf;rsm;t&rSwyg; rnfolwOD;
wa,mufodk@r# odk@wnf;r[kwf rnfonfhtzGJ@tpnf;odk@r# odk@wnf;r[kwfrnfonfhukr`%Dodk@r#
ESpfq,fhig;ESpfxuf ausmfvGefaomumvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf ray;&?
219? opfawmajrESifh owWKajrrsm;/ opfawmrsm;/ a&/ wHigvkyfief;trsKd;rsKd;qdkif&ma'orsm;/ owWKrsm;/

ausmufrD;aoG;/ a&eHESifh tjcm;wGif;xGufqDrsm;/ "gwftm;xGufrnfhyif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;ESifh tjcm;obm0
yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHu vkyfudkifoHk;pGJI wdk;wufatmifjyK&rnf? odk@&mwGif
jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tusKd;pD;yGg;tvdkiSm ygvDref. tufOya't&jyXmef;xm;aom oD;jcm;¹cGif;csufpnf;urf;rsm;
ESifhrqef@usifv#if jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHonf txufygwdk@udkvkyfudkifoHk;pGJEkdifaom odk@wnf;r[kwf wdk;wufatmif
jyKEdkifaom odk@wn;fr[kwf toHk;csEdkifaom tcGifhta&;udk jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHom;rsm;tm;ay;Edkifonf?
odk@wnf;r[kwf jynfaxmifpkedkifiHom;rsmxHrS tenf;qHk;&mcdkifE_ef; 60 r#yg0ifonfhaiG&if;&Sdaom ukr`%Drsm;odk@
aomf‚if; xdkuJhodk@aom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;odk@aomf‚if; ay;Ekdifonf?
¹cGif;csuf? ? xdk@jyifjynfol@tusKd;twGufvdktyfaomtcg txufygtcGifhta&;udkygvDrefu jyifEkdfif
&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwfajymif;Ekdfif&rnf? odk@wnf;r[kwf &kyfodrf;Edkif&rnf[laom pnf;urf;csufrsm;t& rSwyg;
xdktcGifhta&;rsKd;udk ray;&?
TxufYazmfjycJhaom obm0yif&if;tajctjrpfrsm;udk vkyfukdifoHk;pGJjcif;/ wkd;wufatmifjyKjcif;/
toHk;csjcif;wdk@twGuf vufrSwfudkaomf‚if; vdkifpifudkaomf‚if; tjcm;enf;jzihf v$JtyfaomvkyfykdifcGifhu dkaomf‚if;
ESpfq,fhig;EspfxufausmfvGefaomumvtyddkif;tjcm;twGuf aemiftcgwGifray;&// odk@wnf;r[kwf
ESpfq,fhig;ESpfxuf ausmfvGefaom aemufxyfumvtykdif;tjcm;twGuf topfvJcGifhr&Sdap&?
220? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH. tusKd;pD;ygG;tvdk@iSg ygvDref. tufOya'ujyXmef;xm;aom oD;jcm;¹cGif;csufpnf;urf;

rsm;t&rSwyg;/ vkyfudkifoHk;pGJap&efaomf‚if; wdk;wufatmifjyKap&efaomf‚if; rnfonfhv,f,mudkif;u|ef;ajr
udkr# jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHom;r[kwfolrsm;tm; jynfaxmifpkEkdfifiHu ray;&?
221? jynfaxmifpkEkdifiH0efxrf;rsm; cef@xm;a&;ESifhpyfvsOf;I jynfaxmifpkEkdifiHtpdk;&udkulnD&ef‚if;/

&mxrf;r_xrf;qdkif&m pnfurf;ao0yfr_udpPrsm;wGif t}uHay;&ef‚if; ygvDrefonf w&m;Oya'jyXmef;I&mxl;0ef
tzGJ@udkxm;&Sd&rnf? xdk&mxl;0eftzGJ@udk zGJ@pnf;jcif;/ xdktzGJ@.tm%mESifh tvkyf0wW&m;rsm; xdk@jyiftzGJ@0ifwkd@.
&mxl;tvkyfqkdif&mpnf;urf;csufrsm;udk ygvDref.tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf?
222? (1) a&S@aemufpum;wdk@. t"dy`m,fudkaxmufxm;&efrvdkv#if TtajccHOya'Yyg&Sdaom

atmufygpum;&yfwdk@onf azmfjyxm;aomt"dy`m,fudkaqmifonf? qdkvdk&if;rSm -
“ jrefrmjynf ”/ “ jrefrmEkdifiH ”/ “ jrefrmEkdifiHawmf ”[laompum;&yfwdk@onf 1953 ckESpf
jrefrmEkdfifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_Oya'Y yg&Sdaom t"dy`g,frsKd;udkaqmifonf?
“ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya' ” [lonfrSm w&m;Oya'/ wcsufv$wfOya'/ trdef@/ pnf;urf;Oya'/ enf;Oya'

pnf;rsOf;Oya'wdk@udkjyKEkdfifaom Oya'jyKtzGJ@uaomf‚if;/ yk*~dKvfuaomf‚if;/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfrDu
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiH&Sd e,fajrrsm;wGifjyKcJhaomw&m;Oya'/ wcsufv$wfOay'/ trdef@/ pnf;urf;Oya'/
enf;Oya'/ pnf;rsOf;Oya'wdk@udkqdkvkdonf?
“ apmfbGm; ” odk@wnf;r[kwf “ apmzsm ” [lonfrSm tjiif;yGm;r_ay:aygufvmv#if/

EkdifiHawmforwu oufqdkfif&m &dkuf&mcHpnf;urf;rsm;ESifhtnD todtrSwfjyKaom yk*~dKvfudkqdkvkdonf?
“ jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if ” [lonfrSm -
(u) jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHwGif tzGJ@0ifwcktjzpfjzifh zGJ@pnf;yg0ifaomjynfe,fudkaomf‚if;/
(c ) jynfe,f. wpdwfwa'otjzpf rzGJ@pnf;ryg0ifaom jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdfifiH&Sd usefe,fajrtm;
vHk;udkaomf‚if;/ qdkvdkonf?
(2) tcef; 6/ 7/ 10/ 11/ 13 ESifhwwd,Z,m;/ pwkwÎZ,m;rsm;&Sd “ jynfe,f ” [laom
pum;onfqef@usifaom &nf&G,fcsufray:aygufv#if &Srf;jynfe,fudk/ odk@wnf;r[kwf ucsifjynfe,fudk
odk@wnf;r[kwf u&ifeDjynfe,fudk/ odk@wnf;r[kwf tcef; 9 tydkif; 6 t&zGJ@pnf;aom jynfe,f
opfudkfqdkvdkonf ?
(k3) qef@usifaom&nf&G,fcsufray:aygufv#if jrefrmEkdfifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;
onf TtajccHOya'udk t"dy`m,faumuf,ljcif;/ TtajccHOya'tm%moufa&mufjcif;wdk@ESifh oufqdkif
&rnf?
tcef; 14
tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csufrsm;
223? 1953 ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_ tufOya't&jzpfap/ tjcm;enf;t&jzpfap/

+Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwf xdkpOftcgupdk;ydkifawmfrlcJhonfh jrefrmEkdfifiHtwGif;&Sd e,fy,frsm;udk pD&iftkyfcsKyfjcif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;aom odk@wnf;r[kwf oufqdkifaom +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY ,cifu wnf&SdcJhaomtcGifhta&;/
tcGihftm%m/ pD&ifykdifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;EsifhwuG/ jrefrmEkdfifiHawmftwGif;tjcm;
rnfonfh e,fy,fwGifrqdkjzpfap/ xdke,fy,frsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Ijzpfap/ oabmwlpmcsKyft&aomf‚if;/
ay;tyfjcif;t&aomf‚if;/ xHk;pD"avht&aomf‚if;/ vspfvsL&_csuft&aomf‚if; / tjcm;enf;t&aomf‚if; /
aqmif&GufawmfrlydkifaomtcGifhta&;/ tcGifhtm%m/ pd&ifydkifcGifhtm%m/ udk,fydkfiftcGifhtm%mtm;vHk;wdk@udkyg
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHu ydkifqdkifonf[k ausnmvkdufonf?
¹cGif;csuf? ? odk@&mwGif TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY wnf&SdcJh
aom xdk@jyif+Adwdo#jrefrmEdkfifiHtwGif;Yaomf‚if;/ +Adwdo#jrefrmEdkfifiHESifhpyfvsOf;Iaomf‚if;/ aqmif&Gufawmfrlydkif
aom udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mudk jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH&Sd rnfonfhtm%mydkifur# udk,fydkiftcGifhtm%mtaeESifh
roHk;pGJ&?
224? TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkfifiHawmfESifh u&ifeDe,frsm;.pD&if

tkyfcsKyfa&;udpPtvdkiSm +Adwdo#bk&ifrif;jrwfY odk@wnf;r[kwftjcm;tm%mydkifwckckY wnf&SdcJhaom
tcGifhta&;rsm;/ ydkifqdkifaomypPnf;rsm;ESifh awmif;qdk&,lcGifhrsm;onf TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonfrSpI/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&Ywnf&Sd&rnf//
txl;tm;jzifhopfawmtm;vHk;/ ajratmuf&SdowWKESifh tjcm;ypPnf;rsm;tm;vHk;/ "gwfzuf0if aq;zuf
0ifa& paoma&rsm;/ obm0tiftm;wdk;. yif&if; tajctjrpfrsm;/ oHvrf;jzpfo,f,lydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf;
rsm;/ pmydk haqmifa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ a-u;eef;ESifh a-u;eef;rJhqufoG,fa&;qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;/ toHv$ifhvkyfief;
qdkif&mypPnf;rsm;onf/ TtajccHOya'wnfonfrSpIjynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ypPnf;rsm;jzpf&rnf//
225// // (1) ydËdnmOfrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if; wm0efrsm;EsifhpyfvsOf;Iaom‚if;/ tu,fI TtajccHOya't

wnfrjzpfcJhaomf jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tm;w&m;pGJEdkifaomtcGifhta&;t&/ w&m;pGJ&efay:aygufcJhv#if
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tm; w&m;pGJEdkifonf//
(2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHonf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.trnfjzifh w&m;pGJEdkifonf// xdkenf;wlyif
w&m;pGJjcif;udkcHEdkifonf//
(3) tr+onftjzpfjzifh jrefrmEDkifiHtpdk;& yg0ifaeaom tr+rsm;onf/ TtajccH Oya'tm%mwnf
aomae h&ufwGifr_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;ygu xdtr+rsm;wGifjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&tpm;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&
yg0ifonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
226// // (1) vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;onf TtajccHOya'ESifh rnDr!Gwfrjzpfonftxd‚if;/ TtajccHOya'ESifh

rqef husifv#if‚if;/ xdkvuf&Sdw&m;Oya'rsm;udkjzpfap wckckudkjzpfap Oya'ðyydkifcGifh&SdaomOya'ðytzGJ huaom
‚if;xdkuJhodk haomtm%mydkifuaom‚if;r&Kyfodrf;ao;or# odk hwnf;r[kwf rjyifao;or#/ qufvufItm%m
wnfap&rnf//
(2) TtajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufudk av;pm;axmufxm;I/ EdkifiHawmforRwuvdktyfonf[kxif
jrifaom/ oifhwifhqDav#mfonfh ðyjyifcsufrsm;yg0ifaom vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'wckckudk ygvDrefuaom‚if;/
tcGifhtm%m&Sdaomtjcm;tm%mydkifaomf‚if;/ r&kyfodrf;ao;or#/ odk hwnf;r[kwfrjyifao;or#/
EdkifiHawmforRw.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;aomae hrSpI tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf[k EdkifiHawmforRwu
trdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf//
227// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJumvu jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&ESifhodk hwnf;r[kwf jrefrmEdkifiHtpdk;&

udk,fpm; _ Adwdo#EdkifiH&Sdbk&ifrif;jrwf.tpdk;ESifh/ tjcm;EdkifiHt}uD;tr+;okd hwnf;r[kwf tpdk;&wdk hcsKyfqdktwnfjzpf
cJhaom pmcsKyfrsm;rSaomf‚if;/ ay:xGufvmaomw&m;r#wonfhwm0efrsm;udk/ tqdkygtjcm;EdkifiHuvnf;
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHESifhpyfv#OfI xm;&SdtyfaomyËdnOfrsm;udk wHk hjyefav;pm;ygu/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHu
vnf;/ wHk hjyefav;pm;&rnff//
228// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae hY/ wnf&Sdaeaomw&m;&Hk;tm;vHk;onf TtajccHOya'ESifhtnD

w&m;Oya'jzifhw&m;&Hk;opfrsm;udk rwnfaxmifor#/ qufvufI w&m;pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mrsm;udk oHk;pGJaqmif
&Guf&rnf// tqdkygw&m;&Hk;rsm;wGif r_ yD;rjywfjzpfaeao;aom w&m;rr+rsm;/ &mZ0wfr+rsm;ESifh tcGefawmfr+rsm;
udk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mrwnfao;bdouJhodk h _ yD;jywfatmifpD&if&rnf//
229// // TtajccHOya'tm%mwnftHhqJqJuvu/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&vufatmufwGiftr+xrf;cJh-u

aom &mxl;r+xrf;rsm;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyor# qufvuftr+xrf;&rnf//
230// // óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;udk/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr+

tufOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;rS/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmaomtcuf
tcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&efEdkifiHawmforRwonf/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;aom umvmtydkif;tjcm;twGuf
ajymif;jcif;jzpfaom‚if;/ ðyjyifxm;aom jyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh TtajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&
rnf[kEkdifiHawmforRwutrdef hxkwfIjyXmef;Edkifonf// tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;uspGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref.
yXrtpnf;ta0; usif;y_ yD;onfhaemuf Tyk'frt& xdkuJhodk haom trdef hudkrxkwf&/
wqufwnf;jzpfaomatmufyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;udk
toHk;ðyum/ Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfuqHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufray;v#if xdkuJhodk haomtrdef h
udkrxkwf&//
231// // (1) tcef; 6 t&enf;usepGm zGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udkusif;yonfhwdkifatmif/

Twdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfonf / ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfESpf&yfvHk;.tm%mtm;vHk;/ wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vH;k ESifh
tcGifhta&;tm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&GufcHpm;&rnf//
(2) EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvf
onf/ tcef; 5 t&/ EdkifiHawmforRwudkenff;vrf;usepGm a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfhwdkifatmif/ /jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiH,m,DorRwjzpf&rnf// xdk hjyifxdkEdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwonf/ TtajccHOya'yuEdkifiHawmforRw
tm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifhwm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
EdkifiHawmf,m,DorRwtjzpfjzifh/ wrf;&Gufaom umvtydkif;tjcm;udk/ yk'fr 48 &Sd yk'frcGJ(2) t&/
&mxl;oufwrf;udk wGufppf&mwGif xnfhoGif;Ira& wGuf&//
(3) jynfaxmifpk,m,Dtpdk;&. 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;csKyfrsm;tjzpfjzifh wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu
a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufaomyk*~dKvfrsm;onf/ tcef; 5 t& enf;vrf;usepGma&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;cH&aom
EdkifiHawmforwWu/ yk'fr 56 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD tjcm;yk*~dKvfrsm;udk cef hxm;onfhwdkifatmif/ jynfaxmif
pk,m,Dtpdk;&.0ef}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;0ef}uD;rsm;jzpf&rnf//
232// // (1) tcef; 6 t& enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrtpnf;ta0;ukdusif;yonfhwdkifatmif—

(u) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd ya'o&mZf&Srf;jynfe,fpkqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwf tm;vHk;jzifh/
&Srf;jynfe,f,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(c) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd jrpf}uD;em;ESifhAef;armfc&dkifudk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ ucsifjynfe,f
,m,DaumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(*) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfwfawmf&Sdu&iftrsdK;om;qdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh/ u&ifa&;&m
aumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf/
(C) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ u&ifeDe,frsm;qdkif&mudkpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;jzifh‚if;/ EdkifiHawmf,m,D
orRwu u&ifjynfe,frS a&G;cs,fcef hxm;aomESpfOD;xufrydkonffh tjcm;yk*~dKvfjzifh‚if;/ u&ifjynfe,f,m,D
aumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(i) wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf&Sd/ csif;awmifrsm;c&dkifESifh &cdkifawmifweff;e,fy,fqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,ftrwf
tm;vHk;jzifh/ csif;a&;&maumifpDudkzGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(2) qdkcJhaom,m,D aumifpDtoD;oD;onf/ tcef; 9 t&zGJ hpnf;aomoufqdkif&maumifpDtoD;oD;.
tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;udkoHk;pGJaqmif&Guf&rnf//
·
233// // TtajccHOya't&usif;yaom yXrtrwfa&G;aumufyGJudk/ TtajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfhae h
rSpI 18 v twGif;wGif usif;y&rnf//
234// // TtajccHOya'onf EdkifiHawmf,m,DortRwu xkwfjyefausnmaomae hwGif/ tm%mwnf&rnf//

xdkae honfjrefrmouU&mZf/ 1310 ckESpf/ uqkefvqef; * &ufae h (c&pfouU&Zf/ 1948 ckESpf/ {_ yDv 15 &ufae h)
atmufaemufrusap& //
· jyifqifcsufaemufqufwGJ “3” / “4” / “5”
yXrZ,m; //
usrf;opPmqdkcsuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfuwdopPmqdkcsufyHkpH //
¡ yk'fr 72 udk-unfh // ¢
u|Ekfyfæææææ onf/ jynfol hv$wfawmf§vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmf trwftjzpfaa&G;cs,fjcif; cH&_ yDd;jzpfojzifh/
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udkwnf_ rJatmifxdrf;odrf;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkapmifh
a&Smufygrnf// xdk hjyif,cku|Ekyfaqmif&Gufrnfjzpfaomwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udkvnf;/ wnf=unf ajzmifhrSwfrSefuef
pGm aqmif&Gufrnf[k av;eufwnf=unfpGmusrf;opPmqdkygonf // (uwdopPmqdkygonf ) //
'kwd,Z,m; //
vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfzGJ hpnf;yHk //
¡ yk'fr 87 udk=unfh// ¢
vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmftrwfae&m 125 ae&m&Sdonfhteuf—
(u) ESpfq,fhig;ae&mudk/ &Srf;jynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//
(c) wq,fhESpfae&mudk/ ucsifjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//
(*) &Spfae&mudk/ csif;0daoowdkif;rS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//
(C) oHk;ae&mudk/ u&ifeDjynfe,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//
·
(i) ESpfq,fhav;ae&mudk/ u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;.udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf//
·
(p) ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd usefe,fajrrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifhjznfhoGif;&rnf//
wwd,Z,m;//
pm&if; 1 — jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHOya'ðypm&if;//
¡ yk'fr 92 (1) udk=unfh // ¢
1// // umuG,fa&;// //qdkvdk&if;rSma,bk,stm;jzifhEdkifiHawmfumuG,fa&;twGufpDrHjyifqifjcif;/

ppfwGif;umvwGifppfatmifEdkifa&;ESifh ppft+yD;wGifppfwyfrsm;udkxda&mufpGm zsufodrf;Edkifa&;wdk htwGuf
pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wdk hyg0ifaomjynfgaxmifpkEdkifiHESifhwuG jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.umuG,fa&;/ xdk h
jyiftxl;tm;jzifh—
(1) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;/ avhusifha&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifh }uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfa&;rsm;/
jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudkumuG,f&ef‚if;/ xdkwyfrsm;udktoHk;ðya&;//
(2) umuG,fa&;qdkif&mpufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;//
(3) a&wyf/ ukef;wyf/ avwyfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;//
(4) wyfajra'orsm;wGif a'oEW&udk,fydkif tkyfcsKyfa&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; wyfajrtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ h
pnf;a&;ESifh tm%mrsm;tyfESif;a&;/ xdka'orsm;twGif; tdrfae&mxdkifcif;pnf;rsOf;
owfrSwfay;a&;ESifhxdka'orsm;. e,fedrdwfowfrSwfa&;rsm;//
(5) vufeufrsm;/ tajrmufaorwfrsm;/ cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;ESifh aygufuGJaponfh0wˆKypPnf;rsm;//
(6) tEk¹r_"gwftm;ESifh xdk'gwftm;jzpfxGef;vmap&ef ta&;ygaom "gwfowˆKyif&if;tajcajrpfrsm;//
(7) ppfqifa&;//
2// // jynfya&;&m//
(1)oHwrefqdkif&m/aumifppf0efqdkif&m/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;qdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,fcef hxm;a&;//
(2)urBmhukvor*~//
(3)jynfaxmifcsif;csif;nDvmcHrsm;/ toif;rsm;Esifhtjcm;tzGJ hrsm;wGifyg0ifaqmif&Gufa&;EsifhxdknDvmcHt
oif;tzGJ hwdk h. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udktxajrmufapa&;//
(4) ppfa=unma&;ESifh ppfajyndrf;a&;//
(5) tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;ESifh/ pmcsKyfrsm;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk csKyfqdka&;ESifhtxajrmufapa&;//
(6) EdkifiHjcm;rsm;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;udk pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfa&;//
(7) EdkifiHjcm;Esifhacs;iSm;a&;//
(8)EdkifiHom;rsm;/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpfcH,ljcif;/ EdkifiHom;tjzpf&yfpJjcif;//
(9)Jjypfr_usL;vGefolrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mEdkifiHodk hay;tyf&efESifh oufqdkif&mEdkifiHrSawmif;qdka&;//
(10) EdkifiHul;'vufrSwfrsm;ESihfADZmrsm;//
(11) EdkifiHjcm;pD&ifydkifcGiftm%m//
(12) yifv,fa&a=umif;pD&DydkifcGifhtm%m//
(13) yifv,f"jrr_rsm;/ yifv,fjyifY‚if;/ aumif;uif,HY‚if;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&m w&m;Oya'rsm;udk
usL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;//
(14) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHwGif;odk h0ifcGifhðya&;/ EdkifiHrSxGufcGifhðya&;ESifhjynfESif'g%fay;a&;rsm;//
(15) EdkifiHawmfydkifyifv,fe,fedrdwftjyifty&Sd wHigvkyfief;trsdK;rsdK;//
(16) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aom taumufe,fedrdwfrsm;udkjzwfoef;I ,laqmifvmaom
0ifukefESifh xGufukef//
3// // qufoG,fa&;
(1) oabFmqdyfurf;rsm;ESifh wuGjynfaxmifpk tzGJ h0ifwckrS wckodk h ul;pufwwfaoma&m*gumuG,fa&;
(uGm&efwif;)/ oabFmom;aq;&Hk;rsm;ESifh yifv,fa&a=umif;qdkif&maq;&Hkrsm;odk h/ xdk hjyifqdyfurf;uGm&efwif;qdkif
&maq;&Hk;rsm;//
(2) ava=umif;c&D;vrf;rsm;//
(3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH.ukef;vrf;/ a&vrf;rsm;jzifhonf[kjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u ausnmxm;aomukef;vrf;
a&vrf;rsm;//
(4) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&u/ jynfaxmifpka&vrf;rsm; jzpfonf[ka=unmxm;aom jynfwGif;a&vrf;rsm;wGif/
pufjzpf ckwfarmif;onfha&,Ofrsm;jzifho,f,lydk haqmifa&;Esifhc&D;oGm; vma&;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;qdkif&m
oGm;vmr_enf;Oya'rsm;/ xdka&vrf;rsm;wwGifc&D;onfrsm;ESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;o,f,lydk haqmifa&;//
(5) rD;&xm;rsm;//
(6) a&wuf a&us&Sdaoma&vrf;rsm;wGifo,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifhoGm;vma&;vnf;yg0ifaomyifv,fc&D;
o,f,lydk haqmifa&;ESifh oGm;vma&;//
(7) qdyfurf;}uD;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSm xdkqdyfurf;}uD;rsm; ausnma&;ESifhe,ffedrdwfowfrSwfa&;/xdk hjyifqdyf
urf;qdkif&mtm%mydkifrsm;zGJ hpnf;a&;ESifhxdktm%mydkifwdk h. tm%mrsm;//
(8) av,mOfysHrsm;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vma&;/ av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;pDrHxm;&Sda&;/ ava=umif;c&D;oGm;vm
r_ESifh av,mOfysHuGif;rsm;twGuf pnf;rsOf;ysXmef;jcif;EsifhzGJ hpnf;a&;rsm;//
(9) yifv,fa&a=umif;jzpfap/ ava=umif;jzifhjzpfap/ c&D;onfrsm;ESifhukefpnfydk haqmifa&;//
(10)avS/ oabFESifhav,mOFysHrsm;ab;&ef uif;a&;twGuf rD;jyoabFrsm;/ rD;jytxdrf;trSwfrsm;ESifhtjcm;
pDrHcsufrsm;yg0ifaomrD;jywdkufrsm;//
(11) pmydk haqmifa&;ESifh a=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ pum;ajyma=u;eef;qufoG,fa&;/ 0dkif,mvuf/
toHv$ifha&;ESifh/ tjcm;tvm;wlqufoG,fa&;rsm;//
4// // b¾ma&;//
(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHudktajcðyIaiGacs;,ljcif;//
(2) EdkifiHjcm;odk hydk haomxGufukefrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyffaomtaumufawmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumuf
awmfvnf;yg0ifonfhtaumufawmfrsm;//
(3) EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;cGefrsm;/ xdktcGefrsm;wGifjynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;Ya&wGufaz:jyxm;aom taumuftcGef
rsm;ryg/ odk h&mwGifv#yfppf"gwftm;&atmifðyjcif;/ oHk;pGJjcif;wdk hay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;ygonf//
(4) ukefpnfa&mif;0,fjcif;wdk htay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(5) ukr`%Drsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(6) tjrwfawmfcGefrsm;//
(7) wOD;wa,mufydkifypPnf;rsm;./ odk hwnf;r[kwfukrD̀ydkifypPnf;rsm;.wefbdk;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomt
cGefrsm;//
(8) ukr`%D.aiG&if;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(9) uG,fvGefolydkif ypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaom tcGefESifhypPnf;qufcHcGefrsm;//
(10) tjrwf}uD;cGef//
(11) aiGpkb%f//
(12)aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;csufvbufrSwfrsm;atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifh trjcm;pmcsKyfrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyf
aomwHqdyfawmfcGefrsm;//
(13) rD;&xm;jzifh‚if;/./ yifv,fa&a=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ ava=umif;c&D;jzifh‚if;/ oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmif
aomc&D;onfESifh ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomc&D;cGefrsm;//
(14) rD;&xm;vlpD;cESifhukefwifctay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(15) Tpm&if;&SdudpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I &&SdaomtcGefrsm;/ odk h&mwGifw&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcHw
&m;&Hk;rsm;Y aumufcH &&SdaomtcGefrsm;ryg0ifacs//
5// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m//
(1) oD;oef hb%f/ b%fzGJ hpnf;a&;EsifhaiGpuULxkwfa&;wdk hyg0ifaomb%fvkyfief;//
(2) aiGpuUL/ '*Fg;oGef;cyfa&;ESifh w&m;0ifaiG//
(3) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfaq;=unfh&_jcif;ESifh ppfwrf;,ljcif;//
(4) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudpPrsm;twGufypPnf;&,la&;//
(5)jynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk; twGufta&;ygt&ma&mufonf[kjynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'ujyXmef;aom
jywdkuf/ pm=unfhwdkufESifhtjcm;tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;//
(6) atmufygudpP&yfrsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ hESifh tzGJ hpnf;rsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmokaw
oeðya&;/ oufarG;r_ynmESifhpufr_vufr_ynmoif=um;a&;/ odk hwnf;r[kwftxl;ynm&yfrsm;oif=um;a&;udk
tm;ay;csD;jr‡ifh&efjzpfonf//
(7) oef;acgif;pm&if;//
(8) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH0efxrf;tzGJ hrsm;//
(9) zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ ygvDrefodk h trwfa&G;aumufwifajr‡mufjcif;//
(10) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmforRw. vpmESifh pm&dwfa=u;aiGrsm;/ 0ef}uD;csKyfESifh jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ h
0if0ef}uD;rsm;. VpmESifhpm&dwfaiGa=u;rsm;/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXESifh 'kwd,OuUXwdk h.vpmrsm;/ vlrsdK;pkv$wf
awmfem,uESifh 'kwd,em,uwdk h.vpmrsm;/ ygvDreftrwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;//
(11) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtay:Ywif&SdaomaºuG;+rD//
(12) &mZ0wfOya'ESifhusifhxHk;//
(13) w&m;Oya'ESifhusifhxHk;/ txl;tm;jzifhxdkOya'ESifhusifhxHk;wdk hwGifuav;oli,frsm;ESifht&G,f ra&muf
ao;olrsm;/ arG;pm;jcif;/ ypPnf;v$Jajymif;a&;/ ,HkyHkv$Jtyfxm;ojzifh pDrHydkifcGifh&dSolrsm;ESifh xdkodk hodk hv$Jtyfxm;a&;/
yËdnmOfrsm;/ tEknmwpD&ifqHk;jzwfa&;/ vlrGJpmcHa&;/ w&m;pGJqdkifydkifcGifh&Sdaom epfemcsufrsm;/ &l;oGyfjcif;wk hESifh
pyfv#Of;aom w&m;Oya'rsm;yg0ifonf//
(14) oufaocHOya'//
(15) a&S haevdfkufjcif;/ aq;ukojcif;/ tjcm;twwfynmrsm;jzifhtoufarG;jcif;//
(16) owif;pmrsm;/ pmtkyfrsm;EsifhpmyHkESdyfpufrsm;//
(17) tqdyfrsm;ESifhab;tEW&,fjzpfapwwfaomaq;rsm;//
(18) pufjzpfckwfarmif;aom,mOfrsm;//
(19) ukefpnfvkyfudkifaom,mOfrsm;//
(20) tvkyform;rsm;tusdK;wdk;yGg;a&;/ tvkyform;wdk h.tajctae/ tvkyf&Sifrsm;.wm0ef0wW&m;ESifh
tvkyform;av#mfa=u;/ usef;rma&;tmrcHpepf/ tdkrif;rpGrf;yif&Sifrsm;//
(21) tvkyfvufrJhtmrcHpHepfrsm;//
(22) tvkyform;tpnf;t&Hk;rsm;/ pufr_vufr_qdkif&mESifhtvkyform;qdkif&myËdyuQr_rsm;//
(23) v#yfppf"gwf//
(24) tmrcHpHepf//
(25) ukr`%DOya'//
(26) csufvufrSwfrsm;/ aiGv$JpmcsKyfrsm;/ atmf'DrefpmcsKyfrsm;ESifhtjcm;tvm;wlpmcsKyfrsm;//
(27) pmr_ydkif/ topfxGifjcif;/ r_ydkifcGifhrSwfyHkwifjcif;/ ukefrSwfwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefwHqdyfrsm;/ ukefyHkpHrsm;//
(28) pDrHudef;ðyjcif;//
(29) ajr&SifESifh oD;pm;wdk hqufqHa&;/ ajriSg;cawmif;cHa&;wdk hyg0ifaomajr,mydkifcGifhpHepfpnf;rsOf;owfrSwf
a&;/ ajr,mv$Jajymif;jcif;/ ajr,mpGef hv$wfjcif;/ ajr,mqufcHapjcif;rsm;//
(30) a&S;a[mif;ESifh&mZ0iftxdrf;trSwfrsm; / a&S;a[mif;ausmufpmwnfae&mrsm;ESifh a&S;a[mif;tºuGif;
tusefrsm;//
(31) tav; wif;awmif; ponfwdk hudkpHðyjcif;//
(32) bdef;/ odk h &mwGifbdef;tay:Y aumufcHaom,pfrsdK;cGefrsm;ryg
(33) a&eHESifhjynfaxmifpk w&m;Oya' ab;tEW&,f jzpfavmufatmifavmifu|rf;apwwfonf[kowf
rSwfxm;aom tjcm;t&nftcJtp&Sdonfrsm;//
(34) jynfaxmifpkw&m;Oya'u jynfaxmifpktpkd;&.}uD;=uyfftkyfcsKyfjcif;jzifh jynfol htusdK;iSmoifhav#mf
onf[k jyXmef;xm;aompufr_vufr_vkyfief;rsm;udkwdk;wufatmifapmif&Gufa&;//
(35) or0g,rtoif;rsm;//
(36) opfawmrsm;/ owWKwGif;rsm;/ a&eHajrrsm;udk owfrSwfa&;/ owWKwGif;rsm;udkwl;az:I wdk;wufatmif
ðya&;/ ( owWKwGif;rsm;ESifha&eHajrrsm; owfrSwfa&;udpPwGif tvkyform;ta&;ESifh tvkyform;ab;uif;a&;wdk h
yg0ifonf )//
(37) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGifa&$ hajymif;aexdkifa&;//
(38) Tpm&if;wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;aomudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I/ &Hk;tm;vHk;.pD&ifydkifcGifhtm%mESifh
tm%mrsm;//
(39) Tpm&if;&SdudpPrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;I w&*m;Oya;rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfr_rsm;//
(40) pm&if; 2 wGifa&wGufaz:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdaom tjcm;udpPrsm;//
pm&if; 2—
2— jynfe,fOya'ðypm&if;//
¡ yk'fr 92 (2) udk=unfh ¢
1// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qdkif&mudpPrsm;//
(1) TzGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkt
ajccHOya'ðyjcif;//
(2) jynfe,f0efxrf;rsm;tzGJ hrsm;ESifh jynfe,f&mxl;0eftzGJ h//
(3) ynfe,fyif&Sifrsm;/ qdkvdk&if;rSmjynfe,fu ay;&rnfjzpfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf jynfe,ftcGefb¾m
awmfrsm;rS ay;&rnfjzpfaomyif&Sifrsm;//
(4) jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ h0ifrsm;.vpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDobmywd.vmpmrsm;/ jynfe,faumifpDt
rwfrsm;. vpmp&dwfESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;//
2// // pD;yGg;a&;udpPrsm;//
(1) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;/ u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefaxmifrsm;ESifh u|JEGm;wd&dp>mefausmfeif;0ifa&mufr_wm;qD;a&;//
(2) jynfe,ftwGif;&SdwHigvkyfief;rsm;//
(3) ajr,m/ ajrcGefawmf/ ajr,mwdk;wuf aumif;rGefa&;ESifhv,f,mtrawmfa=u;rsm;/ pkaygif;Iae&m
topfwnfjcif;/ aºuG;+rDtaygiftESHruif;aomajr,mypPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;ESifh0&rf;twyfcH&aom ajr,my
pPnf;taqmufttHkrsm;/ &wemodkufrsm;//
(4) jynfe,fodk htyfESif;xm;aom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfjynfe,f.vuf&Sdjzpfaomvkyfief;rsm;ajrrsm;ESifh
taqmufttHkrsm;//
(5) aps;rsm;ESifhyGJaps;rsm;//
(6) a&/ qdkvdk&if;rSm a&ay;oGif;jcif;/ qnfajrmif;rsm;/ wl;ajrmif;rsm;/ a&v$wfajrmif;rsm;ESifha&umwmrsm;/
a&avSmifuefrsm;/ odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwe,frSwe,fodk hjzwfoef;pD;qif;v#uf&Sdaomjrpfrsm;ESifh
a&a=umif;rsm;rygacs//
(7) vlcGefESifho\ar"tcGefawmf//
(8) jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyygukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif
pnf;=uyfaomEdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&Sdtjcm; a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/
odk hwnf;r[kwf xGufaomtvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm; tay:wGifpnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;//
(u) aomufoHk;aomaoa&ao&uf//
(c) bdef;//
(*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pf xHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfxHkxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;//
(C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;aom t&m0wWKrsm;yg0ifonfh
aq;rsm;ESifh vloHk;ukefrsm;//
(9) ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifhtvkyftudkifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(10) wd&dp>mefrsm;ESifh a&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(11) yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;ESifh avmif;wrf;upm;jcifrsm; tay:wGifpnf;usyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(12) uif;cGefrsm; ( taumufrsm; ) //
3// // vHk+cHKa&;//
(1) jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&; ( odk h&mwGif jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. ukef;wyf a&wyf qvwyfwdk hudk toHk;ðyjcif;
rygacs ) //
(2) aus;&Gm&mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hyg0ifaom &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ h//
(3) w&m;pD&ifjcif;/ w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH &Hk;rsm;zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHkESifh xdk&Hk;rsm;u&&SdaomtccGef
rsm;/ jynfol h+idrf0yfydjym;a&;twGuf umuG,faomoabmjzifh csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;/ xdk hodk hcsKyfaESmifjcif;cH&olrsm;//
(4) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;aom udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;v$wqfawmfvufatmufcH&Hk;rsm;. pD&ifydkif
cGif htm%mESifhtm%mrsm;//
(5) tusOf;axmifrsm;/ xdktusOf;axmifrsm;wGif tusOf;cHae&aomolrsm;/ tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifhtvm;wl
Xmersm;udktoHk;ðyEdkif&ef tjcm;jynfe,frsm;ESifhpDpOfjcif;//
(6) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfh udpPwckckESifhpyfv#Of;I/ w&m;Oya'rsm;udkusL;vGefaomjypfrr_ sm;//
4// //qufoG,fa&;//
(1) jynfe,f.e,fedrdwfudkrausmfvGefaomvrf;rsm;/ wHwm;rsm;/ ul;wdk hrsm;ESifhtjcm;qufoG,fa&;rsm;//
(2) ¹r_eDy,f "gwf&xm;rsm;/ óud;vrf;rsm;//
(3) jynfwGif; a&vrf;rsm;ESifh xdka&vrf;rsm;wGif oGm;vmo,f,lydk haqmifa&;//
(4) rD;&xm;rSwyg;/ jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfaqmifEdkifaoma'oEW&vkyfief;rsm;// // xdkvkyfief;rsm;onf/
jynfe,faumifpDESifhpDpOfjcif;aomf‚if;/ tjcm;enf;aom‚if;ðyum/ rnfonfhvkyfief;udkrqdkjynfaxmifpkwEdkifiHvHk;
twGuf ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom vkyfief;[lIausnmEdkifI/ xdkvkyfief;vkyfaqmifa&;twGuf pDrHEDkifaom
ygvDref.tm%mESifhrqef husifap&//
5// // ynma&;//
(1) ynmoif=um;a&; ( TtajccHOya' tm%mwnfonf rSpI/ q,fESpfjzpfaomumvtydkif;tjcm;
ukefvGef+yD;aemuf ygvDrefutjcm;jyXmef;csufrðyv#if‚if;/ wuUodkvfynm/ txufwef;ynmpufr_vufr_ynm
ESifh txufwef;oufarG;r_ynnmwdk hrygacs )//
(2) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf aiGaxmufyHhaomynma&;qdkif&mtzGJ htpnf;rsm;//
(3) jynfe,fu}uD;=uyftkyfcsKyfaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaiGaxmufyHhaompm=unfhwdkufrsm;/ jywdkufrsm;ESifh
tvm;wltzGJ htpnf;rsm;//
(4)Zmwf&Hkrsm;/ uyGJobifrsm;/ &kyf&Sifrsm;/ odk h&mwGifjyo&efjzpfaom &kyf&Sifum;ynwfa&;twGuftrdef h
ay;jcif;rygacs//
6// // jynfol husef;rma&;//

(1) jynfol husef;rma&;ESifhoef h&Sif;pifus,fa&;//
(2) aq;&Hkrsm;/ 'kuQdw&Hkrsm;/ aq;ay;&Hk;rsm;wnfaxmifa&;/ xm;&Sda&;ESifhpDrHtkyfcsKyfa&;//
(3) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;//
(4) ajrjr‡m;jcif;wdk hudkrSwfyHkwifjcif;//
(5) ajrjr‡Kyfo+*õKvfjcif;ESifh ocsõif;ajrrsm;//
7// // a'oEW&tkyfcsKyfa&;//
(1) a'oEW&udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfaus;&GmtkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ¹r_eDpy,frsm;ESifh tjcm;
a'oEW& tm%mydkifrsm; //
(2) ukodvfjzpftzGJ htpnf;rsm;//
8// // t&yf&yfqdkif&m//
(1) vlqif;&Jrsm;u,fq,faxmufyHa&;//
(2) Tpm&if;wGifaz:jyxm;onfhudpPrsm;ESifh pyfv#Of;IpHkprf;jcif;/ ppfwrf;,ljcif;//
(3) EdkifiHawmforwW.xifjrifcsufwGifa'oEW&oabmr#omouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ jynfe,fwGif;a&;
&moabmr#om ouf0ifonf[lIaomf‚if;/ [lqjcif;cH&aomudpPrsm;//
pwkwˆKZ,m;//
jynfe,ftcGefawmfpm&if;//
¡ yk'fr 96 udk=unfh// ¢
1// // ajrcGefawmf//
(u) ajrcGefawmfoufouf//
(c) wHigvkyfief;rsm;qdkif&miSg;crsm;ESifhtccGefrsm;//
(*) a&eHtay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomrcGef//
(C) wGif;xGuf ypPnf;rsm;tay:Ypnf;=uyfaomtcGefESifh wGif;xGufypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhrsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyf
aomtcGefrsm;//
(i) =uufaygifap;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
(p) vlcGefESifh o\arwtcGefawmfrsm;//
2// // jynfe,ftwGif;wGifvkyfudkifaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom atmufaz:jyyg ukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif

aumufcHonfh EdkifiHjzpfypPnf;taumuftcGefrsm;ESifh jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;&St
d jcm;a'orsm;wGifvkyfudkifaom/
odk hwnf;r[kwfxGufaom tvm;wlukefypPnf;rsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfonfh E_dif;n‡dtaumuftcGefrsm;//
(u) aomufoHk;aomao&nfao&uf//
(c) bdef;//
(*) aq;ajcmuf/ r_;,pfxHk;xdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;/ rr_;r,pfrxHkrxdkif;apwwfaomaq;rsm;//
(C) t&ufysHygaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf txufyg (c) ESifh (*) wGifaz:jyxm;onfht&m0wˆKrsm;yg0ifonfh
aq;rsm;/ vSoef hukefrsm;//
3// // w&m;v$wfawmf.vufatmufcH w&m;&Hk;rsm;YaumufcH&&SdaomtccGefrsm;//

4// // opfawmrsm;//
5// // rSwyf Hkjcif;//
6// // ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh tvkyftudkifrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
7// // wd&p>mefrsm;ESifha&,Ofrsm;tay:wGif pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
*// // yGJvrf;obifaysmf&$ifr_rsm;/ avmif;wrf;upm;jcif;rsm;tay:wGifpnf;=uyfaomtcGefawmfrsm;//
9// // jynfe,farmfawmf,OfcGeftufOya'rsm;t& pnf;=uyfaomtcGefrsm;//
10// // qnfajrmif;XmerS aumufcH&&SdaomtcGefrsm;//
11// // jynfe,ftcGefawmfrsm;rS xkwfacs;ojzifh&aom twdk;rsm;ESifhjynfe,fu&if;E_D;aomtcGefaiGrS&aomt
wdk;rsm;//
12// // jynfe,f0ifrsm;rS jynfe,fodk hay;aomqufa=u;rsm;//
13// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHrSayaomaxmufyHhaiGrsm;//
14// // tccGefrsm;/ '%faiGrsm;/ jynfe,fydkifypPnf;rsm;a&mif;&aiGESifh iSg;&rf;I&aomiSg;crsm;/ ydk ay;xm;ojzifh
jyefvnf&&SdaomaiG/ txufaz:jyyg udpPESifhatmufaz:jyygudpPwckckESifh pyfv#Of;Iaomf‚if; tr_xrf;aqmif&
aoma=umifhay;aqmif&aomaiGrsm;//
(u) w&m;pD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;//
(c) tusOf;axmifrsm;ESifh tusOf;om;rsm;xm;&ma'orsm;//
(*) &mZ0wftr_xrf;tzGJ hrsm;//
(C) ynma&;//
(i) aq;bufqdkif&m//
(p) jynfol husef;rma&;//
(q) v,f,mpdkufysdK;a&;//
(Z) wd&dp>mefaq;ukoa&;//
(ps) or0g,rtoif;//
(n) arG;zGm;jcif;/ aoqHk;jcif;Esifhxdrf;jrm;jcif;wdk hudkrSwefyHkwifjcif;//
(Ë ) +rdK hjye,fy,fqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;//
(X) jynfe,f ,mxrf; r_xrf;rsm;tm; tdkdrif;rpGrf;ojzpfI t+idrf;pm;ay;&efaxmufyHhaiGrsm;//
(È) pma&;ud&d,mESifh pmyHkESdyfjcif;//
(Ê) ydkif&Sifray:aomoGif;xm;aiGrsm;//
(%) &wemodkuf//
(w) uif;cGefrsm; ( taumuftrsm; )//
(x) txl;&&SdaiGrsm;//
aemufqufwGJrsm; //
aemufqufwGJ “1”
orwWtdrfawmf//
.
ausnmcsuf// orwWtdrfawmf/ &efuek fòrd h//
1319 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf/
(1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf )
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't&EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwWu xdkzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk

tajccHOya'onf ouU&Zf 1390 ckESpf/ jymodkvqef; 9 &uf (1948 ck/ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hrSpI
tm%mwnf&rnf[k atmufygtwdkif; xkdae hwGifausnmonf//
“zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya't& jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH.EdkifiHawmf ,m,DorwWjzpfaom u|Ekfyf
pyfa&$odkufonf/ wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu Oya'tjzpftwnfðyvdkufaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf;
tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'tm;/ 1309 ck/ jymodkvqkwf 9 &uf (1948 ck/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &uf ) ae hwGif
tm%mwnf&rnf[kausnmvdkufonf //
pyfa&$odkuf//”
trdef ht&/
a&$abmf/
EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef
aemufqufwGJ “2”
zGJ hpnf;tkyfcscsKyfyHk tajccHOya'wGif jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvk
;ðyvkyfcJh
jcif;jzpfpOf tusOf;csKyf ·
1// // OuUXurSm;,Gif;onfhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya' (rl) udk rxdcdkufonfh trSm;t,Gif;rsm;udkjyifqifjcif;// //

zGJ hpnf; tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv24 &ufae hwGiftwnfðycJh
ygonf// TuJhodk htwnfðycJh+yD;aemuf/ tajccHOya'wGif yHkEdSyfrSm;,Gif;jcif;ESifh r_udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udk
jyifqifEdkif&ef/ wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu tqdkyg 1947 ckESpf/ pufwifbmv 24 &ufae hwGifyif atmufygtwdkif;
tqdkw&yfudkjyXmef;twnfðy+yD;/ OuUXtm; jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%m ay;tyfcJhygonf//
tqdk
“v$wfawmfOuUXtm; yHkESdyfxm;onfh zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'pmtkyfwGif rSm;,GifhpmvHk;rsm;ESifh Oya'(r_)
udkrxdcdkufonfhtrSm;rsm;udk jyifqifEDkifcGifhtwGuf tm%may;onf//”
TuJhodk htm%may;tyfcsuft& OuUXu 1947 ckESpf/ 'DzifbmvtwGif;u—
(1)yk'fr 64 / yk'frcGJ (1)/ jrefrmpmr_wwd,pma=umif;wGif“rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg/ xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGif”
[laompmydk'ftpm;/ “rpGrf;raqmifEdkifaomtcg rnfonfhtcgYrqdk jrefrmEdkifiHorwW&mxl; vpfvyfaomtcg
xdktcgwrsdK;rsdK;wGi”f [;aomydkf'fudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/
(2) yk'fr 65/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ 'kwd, pma=umif;wGif “ Union Parliament ” [laompum;&yftpm;/
“Parliament” [laompmum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/
(3) yk'fr 75/ t*Fvdyfpmr+ yOPrpma=umif;wGif “requirements” [laom pum;&yftpm;“the
requirements ” [laom pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/
(4) yk'fr 92 / tydk'fcGJ (1) / jrefrmpmr_'kwd,tydk'f&Sd wwd,pma=umif;wGif“jynfaxmifpkygvDref” [laom
pum;m&yftpm; / “ygvDref” [laompum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;I‚if;/
(5) yk'fr 114/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;tpwGif “jrefrmEdkifiHawmforwWonf” [laomtoHk;pum;&yfudk
y,fzsuf&ef‚if;/
(6) yk'fr 164/ yk'frcGJ (1) tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf//” [kaompum;&yfudkjznfhoGif;I‚if;//
(7) yk'fr 177/ tydk'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwIfoGif;ap&rnf//” [laompum;&yfudk
jznfhoGif;I‚if;/
1959 ckESpfwGif yHkESdyfonfh jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfygvDref/ jynfol hv$wfawmftrwfrsm; vufpGJpmtkyfwGifyg&Sdaom zGJ hpnf;

tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'Y jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfcJhjcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;onf haz:jycsufrsm;jzpfygonf//
(8) yk'fr 186/ tydk'fcGJ (2) jrefrmpmr_aemufqHk; pma=umif;wGif “v$wfawmf.” [laompum;&yftpm;/

“v$wfawmfcsKyf.” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ xdkyk'fr&Sd tydkf'fcGJ (3) 'kwd,pma=umif;wGif“w&m;v$wfawmfu”
[laompum;&yftpm;/ “w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;/
(9) yk'fr 139/ tydkf'fcGJ (1) jrefrmpmr_tqHk;wGif “odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;ap&rnf” [laompum;&yfudk
jznfhoGif;I‚if;/
(10) yk'fr 226/ yk'frcGJ (2) t*Fvdyfpmr_ pma=umif;a& 4 wGif/ “Union Parliament” [laompum;
&yftpm; “Parliament” [laompum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;I‚if;
jyifqifjcif;rsm;udkðyvkyfcJhygonf//
2// // wdkif;jynfðyvGwfawmfu OuUX.jyifqifEdkifcGifhtm%mtwGif; tusHK;r0ifonfhjyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;//

// EdkifiHawmfpm&if;ppfcsKyf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyfESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm;ESifh w&m;v$wf
awmfw&m;0ef}uD;rsm; cef@xm;jcif;ESihfywfoufonfh yk'fr 129/ yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (1)ESifh yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2)
t*Fvdyfpmr_ESifh jrefrmpmr_udk 1948 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&D 3 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y/
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfutqdkwifoGif;qHk;jzwftwnfðyjcif;jzifh atmufygtwdkif; jyifqifcJhygonf//
(1) yk'fr 129 wGif/ jrefrmpmr_Y “0ef}uD;csKyfESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/
t*Fvdyfpmr_Y “in consultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/
y,fzsufonf//
(2) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ(1) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyf ESifh
n‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ wwd,pma=umif;Y“ in
consultation with the Prime Minister and” [laompum;udk‚if;y,fzsufonf//
(3) yk'fr 140/ yk'frcGJ (2) wGif/ jrefrmpmr_ yXrpma=umif;Y “EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/
EdkifiHawmmftpdk;&0ef}uD;csKyfwdk hESifh n‡dEd_if;wdkifyif+yD;v#if” [laompum;&yfudk‚if;/ t*Fvdyfpmr_ pwWKxpm
a=umif;Y “ in consultation with the Chief Justic of the Union and the Prime Minister
and ” [laom pum;&yfudk‚if; y,fzsufonf//
3// // tajccHyk'fr 230 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // tajccHOya'tm%mwnfonfh 1948 ckESpf/

ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae haemufydkif;wGif tajcHOya'yk'fr 230 t& tyfESif;xm;onfh tm%mrsm;t&
tajccHOya'wGifjyifqifcsufrsm;udk 4 }udrfwdkifðyvkyyf gonf//
yk'fr 230 t&/ yXrjyifqifcsufrSm——

1951 ckESpf/ Zgefv 10 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom wdkif;jynfv$wfawmf (ygvDref) tpnf;ta0;Y qHk;jzwfcsufcs
I oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1949 ckESpf/ Zgefv 25 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEkdifiHawmfjyefwrf;
tydkif; 1 wGif“1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjreffrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m)
tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udk xkkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “18” tpm;“28” [kjyifqifcJhygonf//
yk'fr 230 t&/ 'kwd,jyifqifcsufrSm——

1950 ckESpf/ azaz:0g&Dv 16 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) u
qHk;jzwfcsufcsI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1950 ckESpf/ azaz:9g&Dv 23 &ufae hxkwf
jrefrmEdkifiHawmf txll;trdef hjyefwrf;wGif “1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/
yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h” udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233
wGif“28” tpm; “40” [kjyifqifcJhygonf//
yk'fr 230 t&/ wwd,jyifqifcsufrSm——

1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 15 &ufae hwGifusif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwf
csufcsI aobmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 31 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
jyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif “1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumuf
yGq
J dkif&m) tul;taajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef ”h udkxkwfjyefI yk'fr 233 wGif “40” tpm;/ “48” jyifqifcJh
ygonf//
ykk'fr 230 t&/ pwkwˆjyifqifcsufrSm——

1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 19 &ufae hwGif usif;yaom tpnf;ta0;Y wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmf (ygvDref) uqHk;jzwf
csucf sI oabmwlnDcsufay;ojzifh/ EdkifiHawmforwWu 1951 ckESpf/ rwfv 24 &ufae hxkwf jrefrmEdkifiHawmf
jyefwrf; tydkif; 1 wGif“1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJ
qdkif&m) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h (rdwWLudkyl;wGJxm;ygonf) udkxkwfjyefI/ yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ(1) ESifh/
yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (2) wdk hwGif ¹cGif;csuf w&yfpDtoD;oD;xnfhoGif;jyifqifcJhygonf//”
txufaz:jyygjyifqifcsufrsm;rSm tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDref.yXrt
}udrftpnf;ta0;usif;y+yD;onfh tcsdeftxd tm%mwnfygonf// ( tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ ph nf;aom
ygvDrefjynfol hv$wfawmf. yXrt}udrftpnf;ta0;udk 1952 ckESpf/ rwfv 3 &ufae hwGif usif;yygonf )//
4// // tajccHOya' tcef; 11 t&/ jyifqifcsufrsm;ðyvkyfjcif;// // tajccHOya'tcef; 11 t&/ tajccHO
ya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJhygonf// ‚if;wdk hrSmu&ifjynfe,fay;onfh 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'
(jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' ( 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62 )/ ygvDreftrwfr[kwfaomfvnf; tpdk;& tzGJ h
0if0ef}uD;wOD;tm; 6 vumvxdd tpdk;&tzGJ h0if0ef}uD;tjzifhcGifhðyonfh tajccHOya'yk'fr 116 udk
,m,D&kyfodrf;onfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya' (1959 ckESpf/ tufOya'
trSwf 4) / &Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;Esifhu,m;apmzsmrsm;EsifhywfoufI tajccHOya'yk'fr 154 (2) ESifh 183 (1) wdk h
udky,fzsufonfh 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,jyifqifcsuf) tyfOya' ( 1959 ckESpf/
tufOya'trSwf 10 ) jzpfygonf//
5// // txufwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwdkif; tajccHOya'udk 3 }udrfjyifqifcJh+yD;aemuf 1961 ckESpfwGif zGJ h

pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'udk atmufygjyiffqifcsuftufOya'rsm;jzifh 4}udrfjyiffqifcJhygonf· / ——
(u) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf) tufOya'§ ( 1961 ckESpf tufOya'
trSwf 3 ) /
(c) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961ckESpf
tufOya'trSwf 7 ) /
(*) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpf
tufOya'trSwf 17 ) /
(C) 1961 ckESpf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf ) tufOya' ( 1961 ckESpf
tufOya' trSwf 20 ) /
· jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJ ph nf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk 1990 jynfhESpfwGIf jyefvnfyHkESdyf&mY jznfhpGufxnfhoGif;xm;jcif;jzpfyg

onf//
aemufqufwGJ “3”
orwWtdrfawmf
orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd h//
1331 ck/ em,kefvqkwf 8 &uf//

( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// )
1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m )tul;tajymif;
umv
umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h//
óudwif rodrjrifEDkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_
tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( TrS aemiftbdk h wGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyf
csKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;udk ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/
xdkuJhodk haomf tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxmaom
umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhav#mfonfxiffjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfh xifjrifonfht
wdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfIjy
Xef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ (2)
t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aomtm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk
oHk;pGJaqmif&GufEdkifonfvnf;wa=umif;/
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;
udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tn%ntm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ wlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif; trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // trdef u h dk 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJ
qdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umvjyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf//
2// // Ttrdef honf tajccHOya' yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/
1950 jynfhESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae ht xd/ tm%mwnf&rnf//
3// // tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh “18” qdkaom*%ef;tpm; “28” qdkaom*%ef;udk
xnfhoGif;&rnf//
pyfa&Godkuf/
EdkifiHawmforwW/
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf//
&efukeòf rd h/ 1311 ck/ e,kefvqkwf 8 &uf//
( 1949 ck/ Zgefv 18 &uf// )
trdef ht&/
a&Gabmf/
EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef//
aemufqufwGJ “4”
“4”
orwWtdrfawmf
1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf//

(1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// )
1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m )
tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h//
óudwif rodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfpD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tuf

Oya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
tajccHOya' jyXmeff;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/
xdkuJhodk haomf tcuftcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;az:jyxm;
aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwkdif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonf xifjrif
onft h wdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef h
xkwI f jyXmef;Edkifonfh tm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya' yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
t& tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu/ tajccHOya' yk'fr231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;
udktoHk;ðyum/ qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEDkif&ef
tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf atmufygtwdkif; trddef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't& yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;aumufyGJ
qdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf//
2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya' pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI/ 1951
ckESpf/ Zlvdkifv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf//
3// // tajcccHOya'yk'fr 233 wGIfyg&Sdonfh 1949 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH (tajccHOya't&/
yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umvjyXmef;csuf trdef ht&xnfhoGif;aom *%ef;“28”
tpm; “40” qdkaom*%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf//
pyfa&$odkuf/
EdkifiHawmf ,m,Dorw/W
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEDkifiHawmf//
&efukeòf rd h/ 1311 ck/ waygif;vqef; 7 &uf//

( 1950 ck/ azaz:0g&Dv 22 &uf// )
trdef ht&/
a&$abmf/
EdkifiHawmf orwWtwGif;0ef//
AemufqufwGJ “5”
orwWtdrfawmf
1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf//
(1951 ck rwfv 21 &uf ) //
1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmif
xmifpk jrefrmEDkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m )
tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef h /
¡ 1951 ckESpf/ trdef htrSwf 1 // ¢
óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaom tcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEDkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_
tufOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rS ( Taemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k &nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEDkifiH. zGJ h
pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyXmef;csufrsm;odk h ul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/
xdk uJhodk haom tcufcJrsm;udk z,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGif oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;
aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhavsmfonfxifjrifonfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0if
onfh tajccHoOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHO
ya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tfyESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;
t&/ tajccHOya'u EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya' yk'fr 231 (1) t&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;
udk toHk;ðyum qHk;jzwfcsufcsI Ttrdef hpm=urf;udk oabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh/ ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;EsifhwuG TudpPtwGuf aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
tyfESif;xm;aom tajcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udk oHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdkif;trdef hxkwfI jyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJ
qdkif&m ) tul;tjymif;umv jyXmef;csuf trdef h[kac:&rnf//
2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwiftm%mwnfonfhae hrSpI 1952
ckESpf/ rwfv 5 &ufae htxd tm%mwnf&rnf//
3// // tajccHOuya'yk'fr 233 wGifyg&Sdonfh 1950 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya'
yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv jyXmef;csuftrdef ht& xnfhoGif;aom *%ef;
“40” tpm; “48” qdkaom *%ef;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf//
pyfa&$odkuf/
EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW/
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf//
&efukeòf rd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vqef; 14 &uf//
( 1951 ck. rwfv 21 &uf// )
trdef ht&/
cifarmif¹z_/
EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef//
aemufqufwGJ“6”
orwWtdrfawmf/ &efukefòrd
òrd h//
1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf//
(1951 xk/ rwfv 24 &uf// )
1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrf trwfa&G;aumuf
yGJqdkif&m ) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuf trdef h//
¡ 1951 ckESpf / trdef htrSwf2// ¢
óudwifrodrjrifEdkifaomtcuftcJrsm;onf/ txl;tm;jzifh/ 1935 ckESpf/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmf pD&iftkyfcsKyfr_tuf

Oya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;rSm ( TrSaemiftbdk hwGif tajccHOya'[k&nfn$ef;onfh ) jrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ h pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
TajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;odk hul;ajymif;&mwGif ay:aygufvmonfwa=umif;/
xdkuJhodk haomtcuftcJrsm;udkz,f&Sm;&eftvdk hiSm EdkifiHawmforwWu/ rdrd.trdef hwGifoD;jcm;az:jyxm;
aom umvtydkif;tjcm;twGuf/ rdrdoifhav#mo f nfxifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ odk hwnf;r[kwf vdktyfonfxifjrif
onfhtwdkif; ðyvkyfxm;aomfjyifqifcsufrsm;yg0ifonfh tajccHOya'onf/ tusdK;oufa&muf&rnf[k trdef h
xkwI f jyXmef;Edkifonfhtm%mrsm;udk/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 230 t&/ rdrdtm;tyfESif;xm;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh ,m,DorwWonf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 231/ yk'frcGJ
(2)t&/ tajccHOya'u/ EdkifiHawmforwWtm; tyfESif;xm;aom tm%mtm;vHk;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;tm;vHk;udk
wdkif;jynfðyv$wfawmfu tajccHOya'yk'fr 231 (1) ta&/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;. tm%mrsm;
udk toHk;ðyumqHk;jzwfcsufcsI/ Ttrdef hpm=urf;udkoabmwlnDcsufay;+yD;onfvnf;wa=umif;/
xdkta=umif;rsm;a=umifh ,m,DorwWonf/ tqdkygtm%mrsm;ESifhwuG TudpPtwGufqmif&GufEdkif&ef
tyfESif;xm;aom tjcm;tm%mtm;vHk;udkoHk;pGJvsuf/ atmufygtwdfkif; trdef hIjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // Ttrdef hudk/ 1951 ckESpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH ( tajccHOya't&/ yXrt}udrftrwfa&G;
aumufyGJqdkif&m) tul;tajymif;umv 'kwd,jyXmef;csuftrdef h[kac:&rnf//
2// // Ttrdef honf/ tajccHOya'yk'fr 234 t&/ ‚if;tajccHOya'pwifonfhae hrSpI zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
Oya'tcef; 6 t&/ enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aomygvDref. yXrtpnf;ta0;udk usifyonfhae htxd tm%m
wnf&rnf//
3// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm atmygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) . ¹cGif;cufjzpfonf[krSwf,l
&rnf//
“odk h&mwGif rJqEWay;&efaemufqHk;csdef;qdkaomae honf/ 1952 ckESpf/ ZEM0g&Dv 4 &ufae hrwdkifrDjzpfvsif/
yXrt}udrf usif;yaoma&G;aumufyGJwGif rJqENay;jciff;udk/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;Y wae hwnf;wGifðyvkyfap
&efrvdk// ”
4// // Ttrdef htvdk hiSm/ atmyfygtydk'fudk tajccHOya'yk'fr 84 / yk'frcGJ (2) .¹cGif;csufjzpfonf[krSwf
,l&rnf//
“odk h&mwGif tajccHOya'tcef; 6 t&. enf;vrf;usepGmzGJ hpnf;aom ygvDrefqdkif&mjynfol hv$wfawmf
tpnf;ta0;ud/dk yk'fr 84/ yk'frcGJ (1) .¹cGif;csuft&/ csdef;qdkaom aemufqHk;rJqENay;&efae hrSpI &ufaygif;
ajcmufq,ft wGif; usif;y&rnf//”
pyfa&$odkuf/
EdkifiHawmf,m,DorwW
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf/
&efukeòf rd h/ 1312 ck/ waygif;vjynfhausmf 2 &uf//
( 1951 ck/ rwfv 24 &uf //)
trdef ht&/
cifarmif¹z_/
EdkifiHawmforwWtwGif;0ef/
aemufqufwGJ “7”
1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'//
¡ 1951 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 62// ¢
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. ZGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udkjyif&ef tufOya'//
atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1951 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuftufOya'[kac:
&rnf//
(2) TtufOya'. yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 rSwyg;/ tjcm;yk'frtm;vHk;onf/ TtufOya'udk xkwfjyef
aomae hYpwiftm%mwnf&rnf// tqdkyg yk'fr 3 ESifh 7 onf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/
yXr trwf a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;v#if/ zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae hY pwiftm%mwnf&rnf//
2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 8 wGif “180” qdkonfhpum;&yftpm;“yk'fr 180 ESifh 181”
qdkonfh pum;&yfudkxnfhoGif;&rnf//
3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya'yk'fr 83 yk'frcGJ (1) wGifaemufqHk;0gusudky,fzsuf&rnf
4// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 180 ESifh 181 tpm; atmufygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkxnfhoGif;&rnf
“180// // (1) oHvGifc&dkif[k ,cifuac:wGIfcJhaom e,fajrudkjynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif/
jynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifwcktjzpfjzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudkTrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘u&ifjynfe,f’
[kac:wGifap&rnf// ygvDref. tufOya'jzifh owfrSwfaomu&iftrsdK;rsm;aexdkif=uonfh oHvGifc&dkif.qufpyf
a'orsm;onfvmf;/ xdkjynfe,fwGifyg0if&rnf//
(2) ygvDref. u&ifjynfe,fqdkif&m udk,fpm;vS,ftrwftm;vHk;yg0ifonfhu&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkzGJ h
pnf;&rnf//
(3) ygvDreftrwftjzpfrS&yfpJaom jynfe,faumifpDtrwfonf/ aumifpDYvnf; aumifpDtrwftjzpfrS
&yfpJonf[krSwf,l&rnf// odk h&mwGif xdkaumifpDtrwfonf/ rdrdtm;qufcHrnfholudk a&G;aumufwifajr‡muf+yD;
onfhwdkifatmif/ rdrd.wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk qufvufaqmif&GufEdkifonf//
(4) jynfe,faumifpDonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkif Oya'ðyydkifcGifhr&SdaomudpPESifhoufqdkifonfh Oya'rsm;udkðyay;&ef/
(5) jynffe,faumifpDonf/ Oya'=urf;wckudk twnfðy+yD;aomtcg/ xdkOya'=urf;udkvufrSwfxdk;I
xkwfjyefausnmay;&ef/ tqdkygOya'=urf;ESifh pyfvsOf;Iyk'frcGJ (6) t&/ w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyf.
qHk;jzwfcsufudk ar;jref;awmif;qdkjcif;rðyv#if/ xkdOya'=urf;udk wifoGif;onfrSpIwvtwGif;
vufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
(6) EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h yk'frcGJ (5) t&wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf Oya'=urf;.
wpdwfwa'oonf/ tajccHOya'Esifhqf husifonfrqef husifonf[laomjy\emudkqHk;jzwfay;&ef/
EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ rdrd.oabmtwdkif; w&m;vGwfawmfcsKyfodk h xdkOya'=urf;udkvGJtyfEDkifonf//
(7) v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;0ef}uD;oHk;OD;atmuf renf;yg0ifaomcHkawmfonf/vGtyfaonmjy\emudkpOf;pm;
&rnf// v$Jtyfaomjy\emudk oifhjrwfav#mfuefonf[k xifjrifonfhtwdkif;/ =um;emppfaq;pOf;pm;+yD;aom
tcg xdfkjy\emESifhpyfv#if;Iv$Jtyf+yD;onfhaemuf &ufaygif; 30 atmufaemufrusapbJ/ rdrdwdk h.qHk;jzwfcsuf
udkv#ifjrefEDkifoavmufc#ifjrefEDkifopGm w&m;&Hk;wGif txift&Sm;ausnm&rnf// yk'frcGJ (6) .udpPrsm;tvdk hiSm/
w&m;0ef}uD;rsm;&m. qHk;jzwfcsufonf w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf. qHk;jzwfcsufjzpf&rnf//
(8) yk'frcGJ(6) t& w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk h v$JtyfaomOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmefk;csufonf/ tajccHOya'ESifhqef h
usifonf[kw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu qHk;jzwfaomudpPwdkif;Y/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udkjyefvnfpOf;
pm;aqG;EG;ap&ef jynfemfaumifpDodk hjyefydk h&rnf// jynfe,faumifpDu vdktyfaomjyifqifcsufrsm;udkrðyv#if/
EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfrxdk;[kjiif;qdk&rnf//
(9) xdkodk hjiif;qdkbG,fr&Sdv#if/ EdkifiHawmforwWonf/ w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfu tqHk;tjzwfudkxkwfaz:aus

nm+yD;onfhaemuf/ vsifjrefEdkifor#vsifjrefpGm xdkOya'=urf;udk vufrSwfxdk;I tufOya'jzpfvma=umif;
xkwfjyefa=unm&rnf//
(10)yk'frcGJ (5) t& wifoGif;aomOya'=urf;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk hrv$JrtyfbJESifhjzpfap/
v$Jtyf+yD;rSjzpfap/ EdkifiHawmforwWu vufrSwfxdk;+yD;cJhv#if/ jynfe,faumifpDu ðyydkifcGifhr&Sd[laom
ta=umif;jycsufjzifh xdkOya'=urf;&Sd jyXmef;csufonfrcdkifvHk[kjiif;qdkjcif;rðy&//
(11) EdkifiHawmforwW vufrSwfxdk;aom jynfe,faumifpD tufOya'pmr_wdkif;udk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf.
twGif;0ef&Hk;YarmfuGef;wif&rnf/ rdwWKwdkif;udkvnf; u&ifjynfe,f0ef+uD;&Hk;Y armfuGef;wif&rnf/
(12) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ tcgtm;av#mfpGm jynfe,faumifpDudkqifhac:Edkifonf/ &kyfodrf;Edkifonf/ odk h
&mwGif jynfe,faumifpD.nDvmcHudk ESpfpOfwESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrfusif;yay;&rnf/ xdkodk h
usif;yaomtcg/ jynfe,faumifpDnDvmcHwck. aemufqHk;tpnf;ta0;ESifh aemufxyfusif;yaom
jynfaumifpDnDvmcH. yXrtpnf;ta0;wdk ht=um;wGif 12 vjcm;raeap&//
u&ifjynfe,ftpdk;&//
181// // (1) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDESifh n‡dE_dif;wdkifyifI/ xdkaumifpDtrwfrsm;teuf/ trwf
wOD;OD;.trnfudkwifoGif;aomtcg/ xdkodk htrnfwifoGif;jcif;cH&aomtrwfudk EdkifiHawmforwW
onf atmufwGif “u&ifjynfe,f0ef}uD;” [kac:wGif&rnfjzpfaom/ jynfaxmifpktpdk;&tzGJ
0if0ef}uD;tjzpfjzifhcef hxm;&rnf// xdkodk hcef hxm;jcif;cH&aom0ef}uD;onf/ tajccHOya'.
udpPrsm;twGuf u&ifjynfe,fOuUXvnf;jzpf&rnf//
(2) u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf/ u&ifjynfe,fpD&iftkyfcsKyfa&;udpPudk wm0ef,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ qdkvdfk
&if;rSm/ u&ifjynfe,fOuUXonf wdkuf&dkufjzpfap/ vufatmufcHt&m&Sdrsm;rSwqifhjzpfap/ jynffe,f
.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudk oHk;pGEdkif&rnf//
(3) yk'frcGJ (4) &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;. a,bk,soabmudkrxdcdkufapbJ/ qdkcJhaomtkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm
%monf/ jynfe,ftkyfcsKyfa&;qdkif&m &mxrf;r_xrf;rsm;cef hxm;jcif;/ ae&mcsjcif;/ a&$ hajymif;ay;
ay;jcif;/ xdk&mxrf;rsm;pnf;urf;ao0yfjcif; udpPtm;odk h oufa&mufysHESH&rnf//
(4) tajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynf
e,f.tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%monf/ jynfe,faumifpDu w&m;Oya'ðyydkifaomudpPrsm;odk h ouf
a&mufysHESHonf/ tkyfcsKyfr_tcGifhtm%mudkoHk;pGJ&mwGif/ jynfe,fOuUXonf aumifpD.qHk;jzwf
csufudkvdkufem&rnf//
(5) jynfe,fqdkif&m tjcm;udpPtm;vHk;wGif jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpDESifhn‡dE_dif;wdkifyif&
rnf//
(6) u&ifjynfemfaumifpD. qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh xifjrifcsufrsm;uddk jynfe,fOuUXxHodk hwifjy&m
wGif vG,fulpDrfhaomiSm/ jynfe,faumifpDonf a&G;aumufyGJ+yD;onfhaemuf/ yXrt}udrfusif;y
aom tpnf;tas0;wGif aumifpDtrwfrsm;xJrSaom‚if;/ aumifpDtrwfr[kwfolrsm;xJrSaom
‚if; a&G;cs,fI jynfe,ftpdk;&tzGJ hudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ honf/ jynfe,fOuUXudk/ t
vkyf0wW&m;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif ulnD&ef/ t}uHay;&efjzpfonf//
(7) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD.omrefnDvmcHusif;yaomtcgrsm;Y/ rdrdaqmif&GufcJh
aomvkyfief;aqmifwmta=umif;udkajym=um;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfajym=um;ap&rnf/ u&if
jynfe,fudpPtm;vHk;ESifhoufqdkifaomtpDt&ifcHpmudkwifoGif;&rnf odk hwnf;r[kwfwifoGif;
ap&rnf jynfe,f.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wuf&mwdk;wufa=umif;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqaompDrH
csufrsm;udk pOfpm;aqG;aEG;ap&ef jynfe,faumifpDtm; axmufcHt}uHay;&rnf//
(8) jynfe,fOuUXonf/ b¾mawmfESpfwdkif; wESpftwGuf jynfe,fqdkif&mt& rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;ESifh
toHk;rSef;ajcaiGpm&if;rsm;udðk y&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwfðyap&rnf/ xdkaiGpm&if;rsm;udk pOf;pm;
aqG;aEG;ap&ef/ jynfe,faumifpDodk hwifoGif;&rnf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf wifoGif;ap&rnf//
(9) jynfaxmifpktpdk;&. taxmuftyHaiGESifh pyfv#Of;I jynfaxifpktpdk;&uowfrSwfaompnf;
urf;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,faumifpDonf jynfe,f.bwfcsufudkvufcHtwnf
ðyEdkif&eftm%m&Sd&rnf/ xdkpnf;urf;csufrsm;twdkif;/ jynfe,faumifpDu usepGmvdkufem
a=umif; EdkifiHawmforwWtm;/ auseyffEdkifap&ef jynfe,f.bwfcsufudk jynfaxmifpktpdk;&.
bwfcsuf wGifxnfhoGif;az:&rnf//
(10) TtajccHOya'. tcef; 10 &Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;onf u&ifjynfe,fESifhroufqdkifap&//
(11) tajccHOya'&Sd jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhrqef husifapbJ/ jynfe,fOuUXonf/ jynfe,faumifpD/ jynf
e,ftpdk;&tzGJ hwdk h. tm%mESifhwm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdkif&mudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif xdkOuUX xdkaumif
pD/ xdktpdk;&wdk htzGJ htcsif;csif;qufqHa&;udpPrsm;/ xdk hjyifxdkOuUX/ xdkaumifpD/ xdktpdk;&tzGJ h
wdk hESifhjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. QufqHa&; udpPrsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,f.zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccH
Oya'qdkif&m udpPtm;vHk;udk w&m;Oya'jzifhjyXmef;owfrSwf&rnf//
¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGifzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 233 t&/ yXr trwfa&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;
v#if zGJ hpnf;aomygvDrefudk zsufodrf;aomae htxd/ u&ifjynfe,faumifpDudkygvDref&Sdu&if
trsdK;om;rsm;. udk,fpm;vS,f trwftm;vHk;jzifhzGJ hpnf;&rnf//”
5// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 195 udfky,fzsu&f rnf//
6// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHtajccHOya' yk'fr 209/ yk'frcGJ (5) wGifyg&Sdaom “u&iftrsdK;om;rsm;tm;/ odk h
wr[kw”f qdkonfhpum;&yf udky,fzsuf&rnf//
7// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'. 'kwd,Z,m;wGif—
(u) tydk'f (i) tpm;/ atmufygtydk'fudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//“ (i) wq,fhig;ae&mudk u&ifjynf
e,frS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzifh jznfhoGif;&rnf //”
(c) tydk'f (p) wGif “ig;q,fhoHk;ae&mudk ” qdkonfh pum;&yftpm;“ajcmufq,fhESpfae&mudk” qdk
onfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//
8// // jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'wGif “u&ifeDjynfe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yf
yg&Sdonfhae&mwdkif;Y xdkpum;&yftpm;“u&m;jynffe,f” qdkonfhpum;&yfudk xnfhoGif;&rnf//
THE CONSTITUTION AMENDMENT ACT, 1951.

[ Act No. LXII of 1951 .]
An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma.
It is hereby enacted as follows:
1. (1) This Act may be called The Constitution Amendment Act, 1951.
(2) It shall come into forced on the date of promulagation except sections 3 and 7 which
shall come into force on the date of the dissolution of the Parliament following the first
general election held under section 233 of the Constitution.
2. In section 8 of the Constitution, for the expression "section 180" the expression "section
180 and 181" shall be substituted.
3. In sub-section (1) of section 180 of the Constitution, the last sentence shellbe deleted.
4. For the provision in sections 180 and 181 of the Constitution, the following shall be
substituted, namelly:
“180. (1) The territory hitherto know as the Salween District shall form a
constituent unit of the Union of Burma and be hereafter known as ‘The Karen State’. It shall
also include such adjacent areas occupied by the Karen as may be determined by an Act of
Parliament.
aemufqufwGJ “8”
THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) ACT, 1959.
[ Act No. 4 of 1959 ]
An Act to amend the Constitution of the Union of Burma.
It is herebay enacted as follows:
1.(1) This Act may be called the Constitution ( Amendment ) Act, 1959.
(2) It shall remain in force until the date on which the Prime Minister shall have been
appointe on the nomination of the next Chamber of Deputies.
(3) When this Act cases to have effect, the provision of section 5 of the Burma General
Clauses Act shall apply.
2. So long as this Act remains in force, the provisions of section 116 of the Constitution
shall be deemed to have been repealed.
1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (jyifqifcsuf)

tufOya'//
¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 4 //¢
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'//
atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( jyiffqifcsuf ) tufOya'[kac:wGif
ap&rnf//
(2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfrS trnfwif
oGif;aomyk*~dKvftm;/ EdkifiHawmforwWu/ 0ef}uD;csKyfcef hxm;onfhae h &ufwdkifatmif tm%mwnfaeap&rnf//
(3) TtufOya'tm%mwnfjcif;rS&yfpJonfhtcg/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmfa,bk,spum;&yftufOya'yg
ykk'fr 5 &SdjyXmef;csufrsm;onf/ tusdK;oufa&mufap&rnf//
2// // TtufOya'tm%mwnfvsuf&Sdaeor#umvywfvHk; zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 116
ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk &kyfodrf;bdouJhodk hrSwf,lap&rnf//
aemufqufwGJ “9”
1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktjccHOya' ( 'kwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//
¡ 1959 ckESpf/ tufOya' trSwf 10 // ¢
¡ jynfaxmmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtajccHOya'udk jyif&ef tufOya'// ¢
atmufygtwkdif; Oya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1959 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' ( 'kwd, jyifqifcsuf )
tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf//
(2) TtufOya'onf/ aemufxyfw}udrf a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufonfh jynfol hv$wfawmfudk
zsufodrf;onfhae h&uf. aemufae hwGif pwiftm%mwnf&rnf//
2// //zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 154 .yk'frcGJ (2) ESifh yk'fr 183 / yk'frcGJ (1) wdk hudk/ TtufOya'
jzifh&kyfodrf;vdkufonf//
aemufqufwGJ “10”
1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' jyifqifcsuf tufOya'//
¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya'trSwf 3 // ¢
atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'tjzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'jyifqifcsuf
tufOya'[kac:wGifap&rnf//
2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 2 tpm;/ atmufygudk yk'fr 2 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“2// // atmufyge,fajrrsm;ESifh e,frsm;yg0if-uonfh jrefrmEdkifiHwEdkifiHvHk;onf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrm
EdkifiHwGifyg0if&rnf/
(u) 1960 jynfhESpf/ atmufwdkbmv 1 &ufae hwGif jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHESifh w&kyfjynfol horwW
EdkifiHwdk hcsKyfq-dk uI/ 1961 ckESpf/ ZEMm0g&Dv 4 &ufae hwGif pmcsKyfcsKyf0ifEdkifiHESpfEdkifiHwdk h toD;oD;enf;
vrf;wusvufcHtwnfðy-uaom e,fedrdwfpmcsKyftydk'f 9 ESifh 10 yg owfrSwfcsufwdk hudk t
axmuftxm;ðyI/ ,cif_ Adwdo# bk&ifrif;jrwfudk,fpm;/ jrefrmjynfbk&ifcH pD&iftkyfcsKyfcJhaom e,f
ajrtm;vHk;/
(c) u,m;jynfe,f/ xdk hjyif
(*) &,lonfhtjcm;e,fajrrsm;&Sdv#if/ xdktjcm;e,fajrrsm;rsm;”
3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 5 tpm;/ atmufygudk/ yk'fr 5 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“ 5// // yk'fr 2 / tydk'f (u) ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk taxmuftxm;ðyI/ jrpf}uD;em;ESifh Aef;armfc&dkif
rsm;[lI ,cifuac:wGifcJhaom e,fajrrsm;udk/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;wGif jynfaxmifpktzGJ h
0ifwcktjzpfzGJ hpnf;&rnf// xdkjynfaxmifpktzGJ h0ifudk TrSaemiftbdk hwGif ‘ucsifjynfe,f’ [kac:&
rnf//”
1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyH tjccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuftufOya'//
¡ 1961 ckESpf / tufOya' trSwf 7 // ¢
¡ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf. zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHtufOya'udk jyifqif&ef tufOya'// ¢
atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'jzpfjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkycf sKyfyHktajccHOya' ('kwd,) jyifqifcsuf tufOya'[k
ac:wGifap&rnf//
(2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif/
pwiftm%mwnf&rnf//
2// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; 6 wGif/ atmufygudk tydkif; 6 tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“ tydkif; 6 // a&G;aumufyGJrsm;// ”
113–u// // a&G;aumufyGJ t&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm;ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;
ESi‚fh if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvkyfief;pOf
enf;Oya'rsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ygvDrefqdkif&m1949 ckESpf/ EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwifajr‡mufr+tufOy
a'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udk rxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya'wckckt&a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;ESifh‚if;/ pyfvsOf;I
}uD;-uyfa&;/ n$e-f um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;tm%mwdk honf/ yk'fr 113–c t&/ zGJ hpnf;xm;aom a&G;aumufyGJ
aumfr&SiYf wnf&Sd&rnf//
113–c// // (1) ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yf wGJzuftpnf;ta0;.oabmwlcsufudk&,lI/ EdkifiHawmf
orwWukd,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;wHqdyfcyfESdyfonfh trdef hpmjzifch ef hxm;aom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh tjcm;
av;OD;xufrydkaom a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;yg0ifaoma&G;aumufyGJ aumufr&Sifwckudk zGJ hpnf;&rnf//
(2) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;udk ygvDrefzsufodrf;xm;onfhtcgwGif cef htyf
&efcdkygu/ EdkifiHawmforwWucef hxm;Edkif&rnf// odk h&mwGif tqdkygcef hxm;jcif;twGuf ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmf
ESpf&yfwGJzuftpnf;ta0;. OabmwlnDcsuftwnfðycsufudk aemufygvDref.yXrnDvmcHwGif&,l&rnf//
tbdk;— 10 jym;//
(3)yk'frcGJ (1) ESifh(2) wdk h t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf tjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJ riff;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if;/ cef h
xm;jcif;wdk hudk ygvDrefwGif aqG;aEG;jcif;rðy&//
(4) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfonf/ a&G;aumfyGJaumfr&Sif.OuUXtjzpfaqmif&Guf&rnf//
(5) tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumufr&SifwGif&mxl;oufwrf;tEkt&ifhvdkufI
&mxl;pOfa&S haemufjzpf&rnf//
113–*// // (1) yk'fr 113–c t&/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyftjzpf‚if;/ a&G;aumuifyGJrif;}uD;rsm;tjzpf‚if;
cef hxm;jcif;cH&aom yk*~dKvfwdk honf/ atmufygtwdkif;opPmqdI k vufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
‘u|Ekfy— f ———onf a&G;aumufyGJ rif;}uD;csKyf (odk h wnf;r[kwf a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;) .
wm0ef tvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk ajzmifhrwfrSefuefpGm rsufESm}uD;i,f r&G,fraxmuf/ qENm/ a'gom/
b,m *wdrsm;odk h rvdkuf/ udk,fpGrf;&Sdor#/ ^m%fpGrf;&Sdor# ausukefatmifxrf;&Gufygrnf// xdk hjyif
u|Ekfyfonf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'ESifhwuG w&m;Oya'rsm;udk xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smufrnf[kav;
eufwnf-unfpGm ausnmIuwdopPmðyygonf// ’
(2) a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf.a&S harSmufYaomf‚if;/ TudpP

twGufaqmif&GufEdkifrnfjzpfaom w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfrS 0gt&ifhqHk;w&m;0ef}uD;. a&S harSmufYaom‚if;/
txufygtwdkif;opPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
(3) a&G;aumufyGJaumfur&Sif0iftoD;oD;onf/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Siftjzpfjzifh wm0eftvkyf0wW&m;rsm;
udk pwifraqmif&Gurf DopPmqdkIvufrSwfxdk;&rnf//
(4) txufygtwdkif; opPmrqdkIvufrSwfrxdk;vdk[kjiif;qefaom/ odk hwnf;r[kwf ysufuGufaom
a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf/ &mxl;udkvufrcHvdk jiif;y,f&ma&mufonf[krSwf,l&rnf//
113–C// // a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Sif0iftm;vHk;onf/ TtajccHOya'ESifhw&m;Oya'rsm;udkomvdkuf
emI/ rdrdwdk h.wm0eftvkyf0wfw&m;rsm;udk vGyfvyfpGmaqmif&GufEdkif&rnf//
113–i// // wOD;wa,mufaomolonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifaom‚if;/ rdrd.rdbESpfyg;aom‚if;/ jynfaxmifpk
jrefrmEdkifiH. tm%mydkifeufwGif arG;zGm;cJhI/ rdrdudk,fwdkif jynfaxmifpjk refrmEDkifiHom;jzpfaomolr[kwfv#if/ odk
hwnf;r[kwftenf;qHk;ig;ESpf xdkEDkifiH.EdkifiHom;rjzpfcJhbl;v#if/ xdkolrSm a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0iftjzpf cef h
xm;xdkufaom t&nftcsif;ESifhjynfhpHkjcif;r&Sdap&//
113–p// // (1) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&SifwOD;OD;onf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom EkwfxGufpmudk/
EdkifiHawmforwWxHodk h wifoGif;jcif;jzifh/ &mxl;rSEkwfxGufEDkifonf//
(2) xif&Sm;onf[kqHk;jzwf_ yD;jzpfonfhtusifhpm&dwWysufjym;r+a-umifhjzpfap/ rpGrf;aqmifEdkifr+a-umifhjzpfap
xdkta-umif;wckckaumifhrSwyg;/ a&G;aum,ufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;udk &mxl;rSrEkwfy,f&//
(3) Tyk'fr&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD/ ygvDrefqdkif&m v$wfawmfw&yf&yfonf pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjy&rnf//
(4) oufqdkif&mv$wfawmftrwfpkpkaygif;.av;yHkwyHkatmufravsmhaom trwfrsm;uvufrSwfa&;xdk;I/
ta-umif;-um;aomtcgrSmrSwyg;/ ygvDrefqdkif&mv$wfawmfw&yf&yfwGif Tyk'frt&wifjy&efjzpfaom pGyfpGJcsuf
tqdkudk ta&;w,lðyIrpOf;pm;&//
(5) v$wfawmftpnf;ta0;wufaom trwfrsm;teuf/ trwfrsm;&muaxmufcHI/ qHk;jzwfjyXmef;csuf
csaomtcgrSmrSwyg; xdkuJhodk haompGyfpGJcsuftqdkudkvufrcH&//
(6) pGyfpGJcsufudk txl;cHkawmftzGJ hu pHk;prf;ppfaq;&rnf/ xdkcHkawmftzGJ hwGif EdkifiHawmfw&m;0ef}uD;csKyf/
vlrsdK;pkv$wfawmfem,uESifh/ jynfol hv$wfawmfOuUXwdk hyg0if&rnf//
(7) pGyfpGJcsufudk pHk;prf;ppfaq;&mwGif/ pGyfpGJcsufwifjyjcif;cH&aom a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifY/rdrdudk,fwdkif
aom‚if;/ rdrd.udk,fpm;vS,fjzifhaom‚if;/ acsycGifh&Sd&rnf//
(8)txl;cHkawmftzGJ honf pHkprf;ppfaq;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufudkwifjycJah om v$wfawmfodk h tpD&ifcHpmwif
jy&rnf// pGyfpGJcsufrxif&Sm;[ktxl;cHkawmftzGJ hutm;vHk;oabmwl,lqcJhaomf/ xdk,lqcsufonft_ yD;tjywf
twnfjzpf&rnf// odk h&mwGif oabmuGJvGJaomtcgrsm;Yr+um;/ txl;cHkawmftzGJ h. tpDt&ifcHpmudkygvDref
qdkif&m v$wfawmfESpf&yfvHk;u wGJzuftpnf;ta0;wGif pIf;pm;aqG;aEG;&rnf//
pGyfpGJcsufudk pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;_ yD;aemuf/ pGyfpGJcsufxif&Sm;onf[lI‚if;/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0if. tusifh
pm&dwWysufjym;jcif;onf/ odk hwnf;r[kwf rpGrf;raqmifEdkifjcif;onf/ &mxl;Yqufvufxrf;&Gufap&ef roifh
rxdkufaom tusifhpm&dwWysufjym;jcif;rsdK;jzpfonf[lI‚if;/ wGJzuftpnf;ta0; wufa&mufrJay;aom trwf
rsm;&mu/ tpnf;ta0;wGifaxmufcHIqHk;jzwfa-unmcJhaomf/ EdkifihawmforwWonf/ rdrdudk,fwdkifvufrSwfa&;
xdk; wHqdyfcyfESdyfaomtrdef hpmjzifh/ oufqdkif&ma&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifudk &mxl;rScsufjcif;Ekwfy,f&rnf//
113–q// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiH0efxrf;tm;vHk;ESifh pyfvsOf;I/ toHk;ac|wmjcif;/ &mxl;ta&twGuf
av#mhjcif;wdk hudk ðyaomtcgwGi/f a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;OD;onf rdrd.vpmudkav#mhap&ef/ rddrdtvdkt
av#muf oabmrwlcJhaom/ a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif0ifwOD;udkcef hxm;_ yD;rS/ ol.vpmudkaomf‚if;/ tcGifh,ljcif;
ESi/fh odk hwnf;r[kwf yif&Sif,ljcif;ESifhpyfvsOf;aom tcGifhta&;rsm;udkaomf‚if;/ ol htusdK;epfematmif ajymif;vJ
jcif;rðy&//
113–Z// // TtajccHOya't&ay;tyfxm;aomtm%mudk ydkrdkxda&mufpGmoHk;pGJEdkifapjcif;tvdk hiSm/
vdktyfonf[k/ odk h wnf;r[kwf tvdk&Sdxdkufonf[k xifjrifqEdkifI/ TtajccHOya'&SdjyXmef;csufrsm;ESifhvnf;/
rnDrnGwfrjzpfaom xyfjznfhtm%mrsm;udk/ a&G;aumufyGJ aumfr&Siftm;ay;tyf&ef/ ygvDrefonf/ tufOya'
jzifhjyXmef;Edkifonf//
113–ps// // a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif/ a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyf/ tjcm;a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uDrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;
I/ TtajccHOya'&Sdtxufaz:jycJhaom jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh rqef husifapbJ/ atmufygudpPrsm;udk w&m;Oya'
ESihtf nDowfrSwf&rnf//
(u) a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufyGJrif;}uD;rsm;.vpmaiG/ t_ idrf;pm;,laomtouft
&G,fESifh yif&SifvpmaiGudpPrsm;/ xdk hjyif
(c) a&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sif. vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk cGJa0ay;jcif; tm%mrsm;ESifhvkyfief;pOfqdkif
&mudpPrsm;//
113–n// // oD;jcm;tufOya'/ odk hwnf;r[kwf enf;Oya'rsm;jyXmef;jcif;rðyao;rDtcdseftwGif;
aqmif&Guf&ef&Sdaom a&G;aumufyGJt&yf&yftwGuf rJpm&if;rsm; ðyvkyfjcif;ESifh‚if;/ ygvDrefa&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;y
jcif;ESifh‚if;/ TtajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk/ odk hwnf;r[kwf 1949 ckESpf; EdkifiHawmforwW a&G;aumufwif
ajr‡mufr+tufOya'ygjyXmef;csufrsm;udkrxdcdkufapbJ/ tjcm;w&m;Oya' wckckt& a&G;aumufyGJrsm;usif;yjcif;
ESi‚fh if;/ pyfvsOf;I}uD;-uyfa&;/ n$ef-um;a&;ESifh tkyfcsKyfa&;wdk hudk /a&G;aumufYJaumfr&Sifu/ vuf&Sdw&m;Oya'
rsm;t&/ aqmif&Guf&rnf// ”
“12”
1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'//
atmufygtwdkif; tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// // (1) TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' ( wwd,jyifqifcsuf ) tufOya'[k
ac:wGifap&rnf//
(2) TtufOya'onf/ EdkifiHawmforwWu trdef ha-umfjimpmjzifhowfrSwfonfhae h&ufwGif pwif
tm%mwnf&rnf//
2// // (u) yk'frcGJ (1) tpm;/ atmufygudkyk'frcGJ (1) tjzpfoGif;&rnf//
“ (u) Ak'<bmom omoemawmfonf/ EdkifiHawmf.EdkifiHom;trsm;qHk;udk;uG,f&m bmom}uD;jzpf
onfhtm;avsmfpGm EdkifiHawmf bmomomoemjzpfap&rnf// ”
(c) yk'frcGJ (4) aemufwGifatmufygudkyk'frcGJ (5) tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“ (5) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf/ rdrdESpfpOffomrefoHk;aiG.tenf;qHk; 50 &mcdkifE+Hef;ESifh nDr#aomaiG
udk bmomomoema&;twGuf csD;ajr‡mufaxmufyHh&rnf//
&Sif;vif;csuf// // ‘bmomomoem’ qdkonfrSm/ Tyk'fr&Sd yk'frcGJ(1) ESifh (2) wdk hwGif az:jyxm;onfh
Ak'<bmomomoem/ tpPvmrfbmom omoem/ c&pf,mefbmomomoem/ [dENLbmomomemESifhewfudk;
uG,af om omoemwdk hudkqdkvdkonf// ”//
3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' yk'fr 21 aemufwGif/ atmufygwdk hudk yk'fr 21–u/ 21–c/ 21–*ESifh
21–C tjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“ 21–u// /// Ak'<bmom omoemawmfrSm/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiH. EdkifiHawmfbmomomoemjzpf
onfESifhtnD/ jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf—
(u) y&d,wWd omoem/ yËdywWdomomemESifh yËda0' omoemwnf;[laom Ak'<bmomomoem
awmf oHk;&yfudk pnfyif jyef hyGg;atmif csD;ajr‡mufaxmufyHh&rnf//
tbdk;—10 jym; ¢
(c) bk&m;&wem/ w&m;&wem/ oHCm&wem wnf;[laom &wemoHk;yg;wdk hudk csD;ajr‡mufylaZmf&
rnf //
(*) tqdkygoomoemoHk;&yfESifh &wemoHk;yg;wdk hudk a&;om;jcif;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ ¹rGufqdkjcif;tm;
jzifhaomf‚if;/ tjcm;enf;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ apmfum;r+/ r[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJr+ paomab;tEW&,fcyfodrf;rS umuG,f
apmifha&Smuf&rnf//
&Sif;vif;csuf// // ‘oHCm&wem’ qdkonfrSm/ &[ef;awmfwyg;pDr[kwfbJ/ &[ef;awmf tm;vHk;*dk%;f *%ra&G;yg
0ifaom oHCmudk qdkvdkonf// ”
21–c// // jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtpdk;&onf—
(u) qXoH*g,emwif ydXuygËdawmf tXuxmESifhËdumpmr+rsm;udk aumif;pGmxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf
xm;&rnf//
(c) jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;wGif/ xdkyXd u oHk;yHkygËdawmf tXuxmESifh Xdumpmr+ rsm;udk yHkESdyf-u&mwGif
trSm;t,Gif;ryg&atmif pnf;urf;rsm;owfrSwfI/ xdkpnf;urf;rsm;twdkif; vdkufemolrsm;udkomyHkESdyfcGifhðy&rnf//
21–*// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onff/ rEWav;awmifajcteD; r[mavmu rm&Zdefukodkvfawmf
bk&m;y&0k%f twGif;&Sd yOProH*g,emwif ydXuygËdawmf ausmufpmrsm;ESifh xdkbk&m;teD; pENmrkedbk&m; y&0k%f
twGif;&Sd tXuXmESifh Ëdumausmufpmrsm;udk aumif;rGefpGmxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufxm;&Sdap&rnf//
21–C// // jynfaxmifpk EdkifiHtpdk;&onf/ wESpfv#if tenf;qHk;w}udrf atmufygq&mawmf}uD;rsm;tm; yifh
bdwfI/ EdkifiHawmfbmomomoemtwGuf rdrd. aqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;udkwifjy&rnfhjyif/ xdkaqmif&GufcJhyHkrsm;ESifhpyf
vsOf;onfh q&mawmf}uD;rsm;. a0befcsuf/ t}uHay;csufESifh -o0g'rsm;udkvnf;-um;em&rnf//
(u) tbd"Zr[m&Ï*k&kq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/
(c) t*~r[my¾dwq&mawmf}uD;rsm;/
(*) EdkifiHawmf-o0g'p&D, q&mawmf}uD;rsm;/ ESifh
(C) EdkifiHawmf0denf;"dk&f q&mawmf}uD;rsm;//”//
4// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 43 aemufwGif atmufygwdk hudk yk'fr 43–uESifh 43–c tjzpfxnfh
oGif;&rnf//
“ 43–u// // EdkifiHawmfonf jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHtwGif;/ a&S hrif;rsm;wnfxm;udk;uG,fawmfr+cJh-uI/
jrwfpGmbk&m;. "gwfawmf arGawmfrsm; udef;0yf&m[lI omoemordkif;wGifxif&Sm;ausmfapmaoma&S;a[mif;
apwD/ ykxdk;rsm;/ ppfab;/ olykefab;/ ivsifab; paomab;tEW&,frsm;a-umifh ysufpD;v#if/ xdkapwD/ ykxdk;rsm;
udkðyjyif/ jyefvnfwnfaxmif&mY ulnDaxmufy&H rnf//
43–c// // EdkifiHawmfonf 0denf;a'oemawmfESifh rqef husifap&ef jynfaxmifpkEdkifiHawmfw0ef;vHk;wGif/
vlyk*~dKvfrsm;twGuf aq;&HkESifhwrdk;wx&Hwnf;r[kwfr+I/ bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;ESifhtyfpyfaom oHChmaq;&Hkrsm;
xm;&Sd&rnf/ xdkaq;&Hkrsm;Y/ bkef;awmf}uD;rsm;tm; ðypkau|;arG;&mwGifvnf; 0denf;a'oemawmfESifhrqef h
usifapbJðypkau|;arG;&rnf//”
aemuffqufwGJ “13”
1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya' (pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf) tufOya'//
atmufygtwdkif;tufOya'jzifhjyXmef;vdkufonf//
1// //TtufOya'udk/ 1961 ckESpf/ zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' (pwkwˆjyifqifcsuf) tufOya'
[kac:wGifap&rnf//
2// // (1) zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'yk'fr 20 wGi“f vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkifaom tcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGmudk;
uG,fwnfaqmufEdkifaom tcGifhta&;” qdkonfhpum;&yftpm;/ “vGyfvyfpGm,lqEdkifaomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyf
pGmudk;uG,f aqmufwnfEdkifaomtcGifhta&;/ vGyfvyfpGm oif-um;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;” qdkonfhpum;&yfudk
xnfhoGif;&rnf//
(2) atmufygudkzGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 20 .¹cGif;csuftjzpfxnfhoGif;&rnf//
“ ¹cGif;csuf// // odk h&mwGif rdb/ odk hr[kwf tkyfxdrf;olwdk h. pmjzifha&;om;xm;aom óudwifo
abm wlnDcsufudkr&&Sdb/J ausmif;rsm;wGif rnfonfhftouffrjynfhao;oludkr# ‚if;.rdbudk;uG,fonfhbmomr
[kwfonfrh nfonfhbmomudkr#oif-um;jcif;rðy&//”
3// // zGJ hpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'yk'fr 21/ yk'frcGJ (5) aemufwGif atmufygudk yk'frcGJ (6) tjzpfxnfhoGif;
&rnf//
“ (6) bmom omoemwdk hudk a&;om;jcif;tm;jzifh aomf‚if;/ ¹rGufqdkjcif;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;/ tjcm;
enf;tm;jzifhaomf‚if;apmfum;r+/ r[kwfrrSefpGyfpGJr+ paomab;tEW&,fcyfodrf;rS EdkifiHawmftpdk;&onfumuG,f
apmifha&Smuf&rnf//”
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k RwjrefrmEdik if H
zGp@J nf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
('kw,
d rl=urf;)
The Constitution of
the Federal Republic
of the Union of Burma
(Second Draft)
zuf'&,fzp@GJ nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)

a&;qJaG &;ESihf ndE i_d ;f r_aumfrwD
Federal Constitution Drafting and
Coordinating Committee
(FCDCC)
(Adopted on 12 February 2008)

xkwaf 0ESpf
2008 ckEpS f (yxrt}udr)f
rlyikd f
zuf'&,fzpJG nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)
a&;qGaJ &;ESihf ndE id_ ;f r_aumfrwD
FCDCC
xkwaf 0/ jzef@csD
zuf'&,fzpJG nf;yHtk ajccHOya' (rl=urf;)
a&;qGaJ &;ESihf ndE id_ ;f r_aumfrwD
FCDCC
P. O. Box - 40
Mae Sot, Tak 63110
Thailand
&
P. O. Box - 49
Chiang Mai University
Chiang Mai, 50202
Thailand
Email: ncub@ncub.org
office@encburma.org
Website: www.encburma.org
Design & Layout:

Sai Mawn (UNLD-LA)
With generous financial support from

the Royal Danish Foreign Ministry and
the Danish Burma Committee
rmwdum
Contents
ed'ge;f (Preamble) ................................................................................... 5

tcef; (1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k 0daoovuQ%mrsm; ............... 7
Chapter (1) Form of the Federal Union
tcef; (2) tcGit

hf a&;rsm;/ &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESihf wm0efrsm; .................... 9
Chapter (2) Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
tcef; (3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm; ..................... 19
Chapter (3) Member States of the Federal Union
tcef; (4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf .................................... 24

(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
Chapter (4) Assembly of the Federal Union
(A) Chamber of Nationalities
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representative
tcef; (5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Oya'jyKjcif; ............................... 34

Chapter (5) Federal Legislation
tcef; (6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo

k rRw .......................................... 41
Chapter (6) Federal President
tcef; (7) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k pd;k & ......................................... 47
Chapter (7) Federal Government
tcef; (8) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw

k &m;pD&ifa&; ............................. 52
Chapter (8) Federal Judiciary
tcef; (9) Ekid if o

H m;jzpfjcif; ............................................................ 57
Chapter (9) Citizenship
tcef; (10) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu
k muG,af &;ESiv
hf +kH cKH a&; ................ 60
Chapter (10) Federal Defense and Security Services
tcef; (11) ta&;ay:tajctae .................................................... 64

Chapter (11) State of Emergency
tcef; (12) taxGaxGjyXmef;csurf sm; ............................................. 69

Chapter (12) General Provisions
tcef; (13) toGiu

f ;l ajymif;a&;umvqdik &f mjyXmef;csurf sm; .............. 75
Chapter (13) Transitional Provisions
tcef; (14) zJ@G pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya'jyifqifjcif; ..................................... 77
Chapter (14) Amendments of Constitution
Federal Constitution (Second Draft)
ed'ge;f (Preamble)
vGwv f yfr/_ wef;wlr/_ w&m;r#wr_ wnf;[laom avmuygvw&m;udk OD;xdyf

xm;v#uf u|Eyfk w f @kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wd@k onf +idr;f csr;f om,m
0ajymI xm0pOft"Gef@&SnfwnfwHhcdkif+rJrnfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkudk
pkaygif;nDnm wnfaqmuftHhaomiSm Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'udk a&;qGjJ yXmef;tyfayonf?
T zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrtwGi;f Y wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHw k @kd onf
a&S;ya0o%Duyif ud, k x
hf ;D ud,
k ef ef; ud, k =hf uiSe;f jzifh vGwv f yfpmG aexdik cf hJ
=uayonf? wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygi;f pHw k @kd onf ordik ;f acwftqufqufwiG f
oD;jcm;vGwv f yfpmG aexdik cf =hJ uaomfvnf; +Aw d o
d #uv kd ekd eD ,fcs@J . odr;f yduk rf _
atmufwiG f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm twlwuGu|ejf yKjcif; cHc=hJ u&ygonf? xd@k a=umifh
rdrw
d @kd qH;k &H;_ cJ=h uaom vGwv f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mwd@k ukd twlwuG
jyefvnf&,l+yD; jynfaxmifp}k uD;udyk g w+ydKifeufxal xmif&ef yifvn kH v D mcH
}uD;udk 1947ckEpS w f iG f ac:,lusi;f ycJ=h uonf?
trsdK;om;wef;wla&;/ udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk
OD;wnf&nfrSef;I yifvHkpmcsKyf}uD;wGif nDnmzszs vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh=u+yD;
vGwv f yfa&;udk vuf0,fyikd yf ikd f jyefvnf&&Sad pumrl/ oufqidk &f m tm%mydik f
rsm;u taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&u G &f ef ysuuf u
G cf =hJ uonft h wGuf &mpk
ESp0f ufausmf jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D awmufavmifc+hJ yD; vl@touft;kd tdrpf nf;pdrf
aygi;f rsm;pGm qH;k &H;_ cJ&h avonf? xd@k tjyif 1962 ckEpS rf pS I tqufqufaom
tm%m&Sifpepfq;kd wd@k a=umifh 'Dru kd a&pDEiS hf vl@tcGithf a&;wd@k qdwo f Ok ;f cJ&h
onfomru 1947 ckEpS w f iG f wef;wla&;tajccHrjl zifh jynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifrsm;
jzpfvmcJh=uaom wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;. udk,fydkifjyXmef;cGifhyg qHk;&H_;cJh&
avonf? xd@k a=umifh jynfaxmifpo k m;tm;vH;k &ifeifzh , G }f uHKawG@c&hJ aom
tawG@t}uHKESihf cg;oD;pGmcHpm;cJ&h aom tjzpftysurf sm;udk u|Eyfk w f @kd onf
arhavsmjh cif;iSm rjyKtyfay?
xdo
k @kd aom twdwu f mv.trSm;rsm;udk a&SmifvEJ$ ikd &f efEiS hf u|Eyfk wf @kd tm;vH;k .
tem*wf&nfreS ;f csurf sm;udk azmfaqmifEikd &f eftvd@k imS - wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm;
tm;vH;k Edik if aH &;ESiv
hf rl sKd ;a&;t& wef;wla&;/ ud,
k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGi&hf jynfe,frsm;
5
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk JG pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jzifh jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;a&;/ 'Dru

dk a&pD/ vl@tcGit
hf a&;ESihf usm;-r wef;wla&;
tay: tmrcHa&;/ wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;pkvel nf;pkrsm;. tcGit hf a&;twGuf
tmrcHa&;/ Edik if aH &;ESihf bmoma&; a&maxG;r_uif;pifa&;ESihf ppftm%m&Sif
pepf xyfrrH ay:vmapa&;twGuf t&yfom;tkycf sKyaf &;atmufwiG f ppfwyfukd
xm;&Sad &; tp&Sad om tajccHr}l u;D rsm;udk ausm¶d;k r¾dKijf yKI a&;qGjJ yXmef;onfh
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'}uD; jzpfygonf?
xd@k a=umifh Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'onf vGwv f yfr. _
toD;tyGirhf sm;udk rdrw d @kd twGuo f mru aemifvmaemufom; om;pOfajr;
qufrsm;txd &&Scd pH m;ap+yD;/ tarSmifuckd iG ;f I tvif;udak qmifbo d uJoh @kd
twdw. f tedXm¶Hrk sm;udk vH;k 0ysuyf s,u
f ,
G af ysmufapv#uf urBmt h v,fwiG f
0ifhxnfpGm &yfwnfEdkifonfh vGwfvyfI tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifaom
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if aH wmf}uD;. tjrifq h ;kH Oya'tjzpf vduk ef m
usio hf ;kH Edik &f eftwGuf tcdik tf rmjyXmef;vduk o f nf?
6
tcef; (1)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. 0daoovQ%mrsm;
Form of Federal Union
yk'rf (1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwjrefrmEdik if H
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwjrefrmEdkifiHonf vGwfvyfI tcsKyftjcm
tm%mydik f 'Dru
kd a&pDzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwEdik if H jzpfonf? ,if;udk
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwjrefrmEdik if H [k ac:wGiaf p&rnf?
yk'rf (2) jynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;jcif;
ud, k yf ikd jf yXmef;cGihf tjynft h 0&SI
d wef;wlaom Ekid if aH &;tm%mrsm;udk T
zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'ESit hf nD tyfEiS ;f jcif;cH&onfh jynfe,frsm;jzifh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpu k kd zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
yk'rf (3) tcsKyftjcmtm%m
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k tcsKyftjcmtm%mwd@k onf Edik if o
H m;wd@k . vuf
0,fY wnf&o
dS nf?
yk'rf (4) tcsKyftjcmtm%mcH,lusifhoHk;jcif;
(u) tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk yHrk eS u f si;f y+rJjzpfaom vGwv f yfI w&m;r#w
onfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;rSwqifh v#Kd @0u S rf aJ y;pepfjzifh Edik if o
H m;
wk@d u a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;u TzG@J pnf;yHk
tajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD cH,u l sio
hf ;kH ap&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. tcsKyftjcmtm%mudk TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccH
Oya't& wnfaxmifz@JG pnf;xm;onfh jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf/ jynf
axmifpt k pd;k &/ jynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyfEiS hf w&m;&H;k rsm;u
usio hf ;kH ap&rnf?
yk'rf (5) tm%mcGJjcm;r_
tcsKyftjcmtm%m. yifr r¾dKifo;kH &yfjzpfaom Oya'jyKr_tm%m/ tkycf sKyf
r_tm%mESifh w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mwdk@udk cGJjcm;usihfoHk;ap&rnfhtjyif
tm%mw&yfEiS whf &yft=um; tjyeftvSex f ed ;f ndr _ &Sad p&rnf?
7
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (6) tm%mcGaJ 0usio

hf ;kH jcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS hf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;t=um;
wGif TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESit
hf nD tm%mrsm;udk cGaJ 0usiohf ;kH ap&rnf?
yk'rf (7) bmoma&;udk tajcrcHaomEkid if H
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k nf Edik if aH &;ESihf bmoma&; a&mpyfjcif;r&Sad pbJ/
bmoma&;udk tajcrcHaomEdik if H jzpfap&rnf?
(c) rnfonfh bmomt,l0g'udkr# EdkifiHawmfbmomtjzpf jyXmef;jcif;
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (8) e,ferd w
d f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ajrxk/ a&xk/ avxkyg0ifaom e,ferdwo f nf T
zG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'twnfjyKjyXmef;onfah e@wiG f wnf&o dS nft
h wdik ;f jzpf
onf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@0J if jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k . oabmwlncD suf
ryg&b dS J zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.k e,ferd w d u
f kd jyifqifjcif; rjyKap&?
yk'rf (9) Edik if aH &;pepf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k Edik if aH &;pepfonf ygwpD 'kH rD u
kd a&pDpepf jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;udk 'Drukd a&pDtajccHrrl sm;/ usiphf Ofrsm;ESit hf nD vGwv f yf
pGmzG@J pnf;xlaxmifEikd o f nf?
(*) EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;qdkif&mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu
jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (10) tjrifhqHk;Oya'
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwGif TzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'onf tjrifhqHk;Oya'
jzpfonf?
8
tcef; (2)
tcGit
hf a&;rsm;/ &ydik cf iG rhf sm;ESihf wm0efrsm;
Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
tajccHtcGit
hf a&;rsm; (Fundamental Rights)
yk'rf (11) ud,

k yf ikd t
f cGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o f wl idk ;f onf
(u) touf&iS f &yfwnfyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) vlrsKd;/ Zmwd/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ tom;ta&mif/ tqifhtwef;/
touft&G,/f vdiEf iS hf vdipf w d uf jJG ym;r_ rsm;a=umifh cGjJ cm;r_r&Sad p&bJ
w&m;Oya'a&SarSmufwiG f wef;wltcGit hf a&; &Sad p&rnf?
(*) vGwv f yfpmG awG;ac:,H=k unfciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) vly*k Kd~ vfwOD;tjzpf w&m;0if todtrSwjf yK cHyikd cf iG &hf +dS yD; vl@*%
k o f u
d mQ
tm; av;pm;apr_EiS hf umuG,af y;r_ &,lyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (12) tajccHvw
G v
f yfciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of l rnforl qdk
(u) u|ejf yKjcif;rcHap&?
(c) twif;t"rRapckid ;f cH&jcif; r&Sad p&?
(*) ESdyfpufnif;yrf;jcif;/ vdifydkif;qdkif&m apmfum;r_jyKjcif;/ vlrqefaom
&ufpufpmG jyKrl qufqjH cif; rcHap&?
yk'fr (13) &kyo
f rd ;f ydik cf iG rhf &Sad om tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
txuf yk'rf (11) yg ud,k yf idk t
f cGit
hf a&;rsm;ESihf yk'rf (12) yg tajccHvw G v
f yf
cGirhf sm;udk rnfonft
h ajctae atmufwiG rf # &kyo f rd ;f ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (14) tajccH&ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l ikd ;f onf
(u) vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmfajymqdkcGifh/ yHkESdyfxkwfa0cGifh/ owif;&,lcGifh/
owif;jzef@cscD iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
9
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) vGwv f yfpmG bmomw&m; ud;k uG,cf iG /hf bmoma&; xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm;
udk usio hf ;kH cGi&hf adS p&rnf?
(*) vGwv f yfpmG pka0;cGiEhf iS hf +idr;f csr;f pGmqENjycGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) Edik if aH &;cdv k c_H iG hf awmif;cHyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(i) Tyk'rf yg vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;udk usio hf ;kH &mwGif 'Dru
kd a&pDtajccHrrl sm;/
usiphf Ofrsm;udk qef@usijf cif;/ jynfo@l use;f rma&;ESihf jynfow l @kd . ud,
k u
f sihf
w&m;udk xdcu kd yf sujf ym;apEdik jf cif;rsm; jzpfay:vmygu uef@owf[ef@
wm;onfh Oya'udk jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu jyXmef;Edik af p&rnf?
yk'rf (15) ud,
k yf ikd v
f w
G v
f yfciG hf tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of l rnforl qdk
(u) rdr. d aetdr/f rdom;pk pmay;pm,ltygt0if ud, k yf ikd v
f w
G v
f yfrw_ @kd ukd
Oya'ESit hf nDr[kwaf om aESmif, h uS jf cif;/ rdr.d odumQ ESihf *k%o f wif;udk
Oya'ESit hf nD r[kwaf omenf;jzifh xdcu dk jf cif; rcHxu kd af p&?
(c) Oya'ESirhf nDaomenf;jzifh vly*k Kd~ vfu&kd mS azGc&H jcif;/ aetdrOf ypmtwGi;f
0ifa&muf&mS azG cH&jcif;wd@k EiS hf if;wd@k ydik qf ikd of nfyh pPn;f odr;f ,lc&H jcif;rS
vH+k cHKr_ cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (16) usm;-r wef;wltcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l idk ;f onf Edik if aH &;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/
,Ofaus;r_EiS hf rdom;pktp&So
d nfeh ,fy,ftoD;oD;Y usm;-r wef;wltcGihf
ta&; &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (17) Edik if o
H m;jzpfciG hf tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o f w
l idk ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
Oya'jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD Ekid if o
H m;tjzpf av#mufxm;ydik cf iG hf &So
d nf?
yk'rf (18) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H ol.tcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik of rl nforl # jypfru
_ sL;vGeo
f nf[k
xifjrif,q l Edik b
f ,
G &f m cdik v
f akH omta=umif;r&Sbd J oHo,jzifh csKyfaESmif
cH&jcif;/ axmifoiG ;f tusO;f cs cH&jcif; r&Sad p&?
10
(c) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H olwikd ;f tay: qufq&H mwGif vl@*% k o f u d mQ ESithf nD

qufqrH _ cHxu kd af p&rnf?
(*) zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifc&H ol rnfo@l urkd qdk 0&rf;t&r[kwv f #if (24) em&D
xufausmv f eG If csKyfaESmifxm;jcif; r&Sad p&? (24) em&Dxufausmv f eG I
f
csKyfaESmif&efvakH vmufaom ta=umif;&Sv d #if tm%m&So d nfh oufqikd f
&mw&m;&H;k od@k tpD&ifcw H ifjy+yD; w&m;ol}uD;wOD;OD;. csKyfred @f jzifo h m
wnfqw J &m;Oya'rsm;ESit hf nD qufvufcsKyfaESmifyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (19) jypfrq
_ ikd &f mpGq
J jkd cif;
(u) rnforl qdk jypfrw _ ckcEk iS hf w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cH&ygu
(1) tqdyk gjypfrE_ iS hf pGq J x
kd m;a=umif;udk aESmifah ES;jcif;r&Sd =um;odap&rnf?
(2) tjrefq;kH tcsed u f mvtwGi;f ppfaq;=um;em&rnf?
(3) w&m;pGq J jkd cif;cH&ol. qENEiS q hf ef@usiI f oufaoxGuq f &kd ef twif;
t=uyfjyKjcif; rcHap&?
(4) Oya'ESit hf nD ckcaH csycGit hf jynft h 0 &Sad p&rnf?
(5) w&m;pGq J jkd cif; cH&ol.ud, k pf m; Oya'tusKd ;aqmif iSm;&rf;xkacsyikd f
cGi&hf adS p&rnf?
(6) w&m;pGq J jkd cif; cH&ol em;vnfEikd af om bmompum;jzifh ppfaq;=um;
emr_ukd cH,yl ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? ,if;od@k aqmif&u G &f ef tcuftcJ&ydS gu
pum;jyef. tultnDukd &,lyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) =um;emaom w&m;cGit f m;vH;k onf trsm;jynfol wufa&mufEikd af om
w&m;pD&ifa&; jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (20) w&m;pD&ifjcif;ESihf jypf'%f
(u) jypfrj_ zpfymG ;pOf tcsed u f mvY twnfjzpfaeaom w&m;Oya't&om
pD&if&rnf?
(c) vl@*%k o f u d mQ udk ndK ;EGr;f ao;odraf paom jypf'%frsm; rcsrw S &f ?
(*) w&m;aov$wfjcif;cH&+yD;ol rnfolwOD;wa,mufudkr# tqdkygjypfr_
twGuf xyfrpH pfaq;pD&ifjcif; rjyK&?
(C) rnforl qdk jypfrw _ cktwGuf w}urd x f ufyI
kd jypf'%fcsrw
S jf cif; rcHap&?
(i) rnfonfh Oya'r# aemufa=umif;jyeftm%m oufa&mufjcif; r&Sad p&?
11
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Edik if o
H m;ESihf Edik if aH &;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
(Civil and Political Rights)
yk'rf (21) vGwv

f yfpmG oGm;vmcGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf jynfaxmifpt
k wGi;f vGwv
f yfpmG
oGm;vmcGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (22) jynfyod@k xu
G cf mG cGi/hf jyefvnf0ifa&mufciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf jynfaxmifprk S jynfyod@k xu
G cf mG cGi/hf
jynfyrS jynfaxmifpo
k @kd jyefvnf0ifa&mufciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (23) vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;jcif;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) t&G,af &muf+yD;olwidk ;f onf vlrsK;d / bmom/ tqift h wef;rcGjJ cm;bJ
vGwv f yfaom oabmqENEiS t hf nD vufxyfyikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) vufxyfxdrf;jrm;jcif;onf rdrd.bmomw&m;ESifh vlrsdK;o¾mef
a&G;cs,rf t
_ cGit
hf a&;udk tvdt
k avsmuf ajymif;vJjcif; rjzpfap&? rdr. d
vGwv f yfaom qENoabmxm;t&omv#if jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (24) Edik if aH &;tcGit
hf a&;
t&G,af &mufoEl ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) wdu k &f u
kd af omfvnf;aumif; vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufxm;aom
ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;rSwqifah omfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if aH &;qdik &f mudprP sm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&u G cf iG &hf adS p&rnf?
(c) vGwv f yfaom qENazmfjyr_ukd tmrcHonfh v#Kd @0u S /f wdu k &f u kd /f vGwvf yfI
w&m;r#wr_&Sdaom yHkrSeftaxGaxG a&G;aumufyGJrsm;wGifaomfvnf;
aumif;/ tcgtm;avsmpf mG usi;f yaom a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGiaf omfvnf;
aumif;/ qENraJ y;ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf a&G;cs,wf ifajrmufcyH ikd cf iG hf &Sad prnf?
yk'rf (25) tzG@J tpnf;rsm;wnfaxmifciG hf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ f
awmfu jyXmef;aom Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv f yfpmG toif;tzG@J rsm; zG@J pnf;
wnfaxmifciG /hf or*~rsm;xlaxmifciG Ehf iS hf yg0ifciG &hf adS p&rnf?
12
(c) rnforl # toif;tzG@J wckco

k @kd 0ifa&muf&ef twif;tusyjf yKrjl cif;rcHap&?
pD;yGm;a&;/ vlra_ &;/ ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f mtcGit

hf a&;rsm;ESihf wm0efrsm;
(Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Duties)
yk'fr (26) ypPn;f ydik q

f ikd cf iG hf
(u) EkdifiHom;wdkif;onf w&m;ojzifh &SmazG&&Sdxm;aom ypPnf;OpPmrsm;
ydik q f ikd cf iG /hf v$aJ jymif;cGi/hf xkcaJG &mif;csyikd cf iG /hf tarGqufcyH ikd cf iG hf &S&d rnf?
(c) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f . ypPn;f OpPmydik q f ikd cf iG u
hf kd trsm;jynfot l usK;d twGuo f m
v#if Oya'ESit hf nD &kyo f rd ;f r_ jyKvkyEf ikd af p&rnf? &kyo f rd ;f cH&ol.tusK;d ESihf
trsm;jynfow l @kd .tusK;d udk w&m;r#wpGmcsed q f I xdu k w f efaomavsmf
a=u;ay;+yD;rSom odr;f ,lciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (27) tvkyv
f yk yf ikd cf iG hf
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf Zmwd/ ud;k uG,&f mbmom/ tqift h wef;/ vdi/f tom;
ta&mif/ vlrsK;d / touft&G,f cGjJ cm;jcif; r&Sad p&bJ tvkyaf &G;cs,yf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf
tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG hf tcGit
hf a&; &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (28) pD;yGm;&SmazGciG hf
(u) Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdr. d toufarG;0rf;a=umif;twGuf vGwv f yfpmG
pD;yGm;&SmazGciG Ehf iS hf pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m tzG@J tpnf;rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG wnf
axmifyikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) txuftyd'k f (u) yg tcGit hf a&;udk usio hf ;kH &mwGif Edik if aH wmfu csrw S f
xm;aom pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f mrl0g'rsm;/ pDru H ed ;f rsm;/ Edik if aH wmfv+kH cHKa&;/
jynfov l x
l . k tusK;d pD;yGm;ESihf use;f rma&;wd@k ukd xdcu dk rf _ r&Sad p&?
yk'fr (29) wDxiG zf efw;D ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf enf;ynmrlyikd cf iG hf
Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf vGwv f yfpmG wDxiG zf efw;D ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf enf;ynmrlyikd cf iG w
hf @kd ukd
Oya'ESit hf nD cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
13
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'fr (30) rd&;kd zvmtarGtESpf ydik q

f ikd cf iG hf
rd&;kd zvm obm0tarGtESprf sm;/ ,Ofaus;r_qikd &f m tarGtESprf sm;ESihf "avh
xH;k wrf;tpOftvmt& oD;oef@yikd q f ikd v
f mcJah om enf;ynmqdik &f m tarG
tESprf sm;udk oufqikd &f m vlrt _ odik ;f t0dik ;f rS tpOftquf xdr;f odr;f ydik cf iG /hf
toH;k jyKydik cf iG /hf pDrcH ef@cyJG ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf vufqifu h rf;ydik q
f ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (31) tajccsaexdik cf iG hf
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdrad e&if;jynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,f w&yf&yfo@kd tajccs
aexdik jf cif;/ pD;yGm;&SmazGjcif;wd@k onf oufqikd &f mjynfe,f. w&m;Oya'jyXmef;
csurf sm;ESihf tnDomv#if jzpfap&rnf?
yk'fr (32) ynmoif=um;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) vGwv f yfpmG ynmoif=um;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) rdrdESpfouf0goemyg&m twwfynm/ toufarG;0rf;a=umif;ynm/
tqifjh rifyh nmrsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) tajccHynma&;udk roifrae&tjzpf tcrJo h if=um;cGihf &&Sad p&rnf?
yk'fr (33) ynmoifausmif;rsm;wnfaxmifciG hf
yk*v~ u d ausmif;rsm;/ wuUov kd /f aumvdyrf sm;/ odyE`H iS t
hf oufarG;0rf;a=umif;
qdik &f m tqifjh rifyh nmoifausmif;rsm;udk owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom Oya'
ESit hf nD wnfaxmifyikd cf iG u
hf kd tmrcH&rnf?
yk'fr (34) use;f rma&;qdik &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wdik ;f onf tajccHuse;f rma&;tqifw h iG f
umuG,af pmihaf &SmufrE_ iS hf ukor_ukd tcrJh &,lcpH m;ydik cf iG hf &daS p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;rsm;. use;f rma&;qdik &f mumuG,af pmifh
a&Smufr/_ toufEiS hf xdcu kd 'f %f&m&r_twGuf tmrcHxm;&drS E_ iS hf vlr_
zlvaHk &;twGuf pDrx
H m;&drS w _ @kd ukd zuf'&,ftpd;k &u wm0ef,al qmif&u G f
ay;&rnf?
14
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wdik ;f onf rdr. d rsKd ;yGm;jcif;qdik &f mudpP
&yfrsm;ESihf ywfoufI use;f rma&;qdik &f m apmifah &SmufcyH ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) yk'rf (34) (*) yg rsK;d yGm;jcif;qkid &f m udp&P yfrsm;ESihf ywfoufonfOh ya'udk
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (35) ,Ofaus;r_tcGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o
H m;wkid ;f onf rdrw d @kd .wkid ;f &if;om;,Ofaus;r_/
"avhx;kH pH/ tpOftvmrsm;udk wd;k wufjyef@ymG ;atmif TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD vGwv
f yfpmG aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'fr (36) wdik ;f &if;om;bmompum;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wdik ;f onf rdrw d @kd vrl sKd ;. bmompum;ESihf
pmaywd@k ukd vGwvf yfpmG ajymqdyk ikd cf iG /hf oif=um;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? wd;k wuf
jyef@ymG ;atmif aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
txl;pDraH qmif&u
G rf q
_ ikd &f mtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
(Affirmative Action Rights)
yk'rf (37) usm;-rwef;wlnrD #r_ tcGit

hf a&;twGupf rD rH _
usm;-r wef;wlnrD #r_ tcGit hf a&;udk azmfaqmifEikd af &;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifp. k tqifq h ifah om Oya'jyKa&;u¾wGif tenf;qH;k trsK;d orD; (30)
&mcdik Ef e_ ;f yg0ifap&ef pDraH qmif&uG &f rnf?
yk'rf (38) uav;rsm;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) uav;i,fwikd ;f onf t&G,rf a&mufao;oltjzpf umuG,af pmifah &Smuf
r_ukd &&Scd pH m;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf? uav;i,fwikd ;f onf trsKd ;om;xkw&yfv;kH .
az;rulnrD u _ kd cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) uav;rsm;tm; rdb (od@k r[kw)f tkyx f rd ;f olw@kd . qENrygbJ if;wd@k .
rdom;pkxrH S uGu J mG atmifrjyKvyk &f ? uav;wd@k ukd jyKpak pmifah &Smufjcif;ESihf
oGefoifjyKjyifjcif;wdk@onf rdbwdk@. obm0tcGifhta&;jzpfonf?
tu,fI rdb (od@k r[kw)f tkyx f rd ;f olw@kd u 0wW&m;ysuu f u
G v
f #iaf omf
15
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
vnf;aumif;/ wenf;enf;a=umifh uav;rsm;cdu k ;kd &mrJb

h 0od@k a&muf&dS
rnfh tajctaersKd ;wGiaf omfvnf;aumif;/ uav;rsm;tm; rdom;pkEiS hf
uGu J mG apjcif;udk Oya'twdik ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) uav;rsm;udk pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vlra_ &;t& acgi;f yHjk zwfjcif;rS umuG,af pmifh
a&Smufr_ jyK&rnf? if;wdk@. udk,fusifhw&m;/ usef;rma&;/ touf
tE &W ,f/ ud, k cf E<m}uD;xGm;zH@G +zdK;r_/ wckcu
k kd xdcu
kd af paom tvkyv f yk f
udik af pjcif;rsm;rS umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu uav;rsm;tcGit hf a&;qkid &f m Oya'
udk jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'fr (39) tvkyo
f rm;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) tvkyv f yk o f w l idk ;f vl@*%
k of u
d mQ ESithf nD &Sio f ef&yfwnfEidk af &;twGu f
(1) oifw h ifah vsmufywfaom vkyif ef;cGit f ajctaersm;&&Scd iG hf
(2) vlrz_ v l akH &;cHpm;cGihf
(3) r#waomtvkycf sed o f wfrw S cf suEf iS t
hf nD tvkyvf yk cf iG hf
(4) tm;vyf&ufEiS hf cGi&hf ufrsm;cHpm;cGihf
(5) tvkyo f rm;or*~rsm; vGwv f yfpmG wnfaxmifz@GJ pnf;cGiEhf iS hf pnf;&k;H
cGirhf sm; &&Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu tvkyform;tcGifhta&;qkdif&m
Oya'udk jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (40) v,form;tcGit
hf a&;
v,form;wkid ;f onf
(1) oD;ESrH sm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG pku
d yf sKd ;cGi/hf a&mif;csciG /hf xkwv
f yk cf iG /hf
(2) tcGe[ f ol r# aiGa=u;jzifh ay;aqmifciG /hf
(3) v,form;or*~rsm; vGwv f yfpmG zG@J pnf;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (41) wef;wltcGit
hf a&;azmfaqmifjcif;
zG@H +zKd ;r_aemufusv#u&f adS om wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;twGujf zpfap/ pGr;f aqmif
Ekdifr_tajctaeedrfhyg;v#uf&Sdaom EkdifiHom;tpktzGJ@rsm;twGufjzpfap/
xH;k wrf;pOfvmrsm;t& ESrd chf sz,fusOjf cif;cHxm;&aom Edik if o H m;tpktzG@J rsm;
twGujf zpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;I txl;pDrH
16
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;jzifh tumtuG,fay;jcif;/ pDrHaqmif&Gufjcif;wkd@onf

Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f wef;wltcGit
hf a&; &&Sad p&rnf[al om jyXmef;csuaf =umifh
t[ef@twm; rjzpfap&?
taxGaxGtajccHrrl sm;
(General Principles)
yk'rf (42) obm0ywf0ef;usiq

f ikd &f mtcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m;wkid ;f onf obm0ywf0ef;usif xdcu kd f
ysupf ;D r_a=umifh }uHKawG@cpH m;&rnfh twd'u k rQ sm;rS uif;vGwaf p&rnfh
tjyif obm0w&m;ESiu hf u
kd n f I
D use;f rma&;ESinhf !
D w
G o f nfh obm0
ywf0ef;usiu f kd &&S&d ef tcGit hf a&;&So
d nf?
(c) vlenf;pkXmaewdik ;f &if;om;wd@k . obm0ywf0ef;usif xde;f odr;f apmifh
a&SmufciG Ehf iS hf if;wd@k tajccsaexdifk &f ma'otwGi;f obm0ywf0ef;usif
xdcukd rf u
_ kd jzpfapEdik o f nfh obm0o,HZmwrsm; tvGet f u|H xkw, f l
oHk;pGJjcif;tay: uef@owfxdef;csKyfcGifh&Sdjcif;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &onf todtrSwjf yK&rnf?
yk'rf (43) vl@tcGit
hf a&;aumfr&Six
f w
H ikd =f um;cGihf
vl@tcGit hf a&;azmufzsucf &H ol rnforl qdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k um
uG,af pmifah &Smufru _ kd &,lciG &hf adS p&eftwGuf vl@tcGit
hf a&;aumfr&Six
f o
H @kd
wkid =f um;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (44) tajccHOya'.tumtuG,&f ,ljcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f aexdik o
f w
l ikd ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'. tumtuG,fudk&,l&ef vdktyfaomtcgY
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfodk@ av#mufxm;ydkifcGifh
&Sad p&rnf?
(c) TtcGit hf a&;udk rnfonfth ajctaewGirf S &yfqikd ;f xm;jcif; r&Sad p&?
17
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (45) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.

k tumtuG,&f ,ljcif;
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk twGi;f Yjzpfap/ zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpkjyifyYjzpfap zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. umuG,fapmifha&Smufr_udk
awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (46) tjynfjynfqikd &f m pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;tm; wku
d &f u
kd u
f ;kd um;
usio
hf ;kH cGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k twnfjyKaom tjynfjynfqikd &f m vl@tcGit hf a&;
pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;udk w&m;&Hk;rsm;u wdkuf&dkufudk;um;usifhoHk;ydkifcGifh &Sdap
&rnf?
yk'rf (47) wm0efrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd umuG,&f ef wm0ef&o dS nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk av;pm;vku
d ef m&efEiS hf
xde;f odr;f umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef wm0ef&o dS nf?
18
tcef; (3)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;
Member States of the Federal Union
yk'rf (48) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt

k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD uk,
d yf ikd jf yXmef;cGit
hf cGit
hf a&; tjynft
h 0&Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;/ trsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,f
rsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;jzifh zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
yk'fr (49) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
e,fajrrsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if trsK;d om;jynfe,fEiS hf trsKd ;om;rsm;jynf
e,frsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf?
(1) ucsit f rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(2) u&iftrsK;d om;jynfe,f
(3) u&ifet D rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(4) csi;f trsK;d om;jynfe,f
(5) ArmtrsK;d om;jynfe,f
(6) rGet f rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(7) weoFm&DtrsK;d om;rsm;jynfef ,f
(8) &cdik tf rsK;d om;jynfe,f
(9) &Sr;f trsK;d om;jynfe,f
(10) {&m0wDtrsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,f
(11) - - - - - - - -
(12) - - - - - - - -
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdKawmf
(2) - - - - - - - - -
19
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (50) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;. tajccHOya'

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'ESihf
tnD oufqikd &f m jynfe,fz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rsm;udk vGwv f yfpmG a&;qGJ
jyXmef;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;.tcGit
hf m%m
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
ESit
hf nD Oya'jyKtm%m/ tkycf sKyfa&;tm%mESihf w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mrsm;
udk usio
fh ;kH ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (52) use&f adS eaomtm%mrsm;usio
hf ;kH cGihf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k pk;d &
odk@ tyfESif;xm;onfh tm%mrsm;ESifh Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkzGJ@pnf;yHk
tajccHOya't& ydwyf ifwm;jrpfxm;aom tm%mrsm;rSty use&f adS om
tm%mrsm;udk usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (53) vlenf;pkwidk ;f &if;om;tcGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;twGi;f &Sd vlenf;pkwikd ;f &if;
om;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,jf yXmef;ay;&rnf?
(c) vlenf;pkwikd ;f &if;om;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk umuG,af y;Ekid &f ef ud, k f
ydik tf yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'orsm;ESihf trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm;udk vdt k yfv#iv f tkd yf
ovkd jynfe,fz@JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'rsm;wGif owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;&rnf?
(*) trsK;d om;jynfe,ftqifh r&&Sad o;aom wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;tae
jzifh if;wd@k aexdik &f m jynfe,fwcktwGi;f Yjzpfap/ jynfe,frsm;twGi;f Y
jzpfap ud, k yf ikd tf yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'o (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d om;e,fajr
tjzpf owfrw S af y;&ef awmif;qdyk ikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(C) ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf a'oudk owfrw S af y;&eftwGuf oufqikd &f m jynf
e,fwiG ;f aexdik o f l jynfe,fom;OD;a& ig;aomif;u vufrw S af &;xd;k I
awmif;qdv k mv#ijf zpfap/ trsKd ;om;e,fajrrsm; owfrw S af y;&eftwGuf
oufqikd &f me,fajrtwGi;f aexdik o f l Edik if o
H m;ig;axmifu vufrw S af &;
20
xk;d I awmif;qdvk mv#ijf zpfap/ oufqikd &f mjynfe,fvw

$ af wmfu trsm;
pkqENrjJ zifh tqH;k jzwfjyK&rnf?
yk'fr (54) jynfe,fwyfz@JG rsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f
vlO;D a&. (0.2) &mckid Ef e_ ;f tiftm;xufrydak om jynfe,f&w J yfz@JG ukd
zG@J pnf;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS jyXmef;xm;aomOya'ESifhtnD
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,f
vlO;D a&. (0.1) &mcdik Ef e_ ;f tiftm;xufrydak om jynfe,fv+kH cKH a&;wyfz@JG
udk zG@J pnf;Edik o f nf?
(*) txufazmfjyyg yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf (c) t& jynfe,f&w J yfz@JG EiS hf jynfe,f
vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;. tiftm;owfrw S cf sut f m; xl;jcm;aom tajc
taet& wd;k cs@J owfrw S af y;&efvt kd yfygu jynfe,fwckco k nf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfo@kd awmif;cHEikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (55) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,fwcktwGif;&Sd wqufwpyfwnf;
&Sad oma'orsm;udk tajccHIaomfvnf;aumif;/ jynfe,fEpS cf k (od@k r[kw)f
ESpcf x
k ufyakd om jynfe,frsm;twGi;f &Sd wqufwpyfwnf;&Sad om a'orsm;udk
aygi;f pyfIaomfvnf;aumif; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fopfrsm;
udk zG@J pnf;Ekid o
f nf?
yk'rf (56) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;a&;qdik &f mjyXmef;csuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fopfrsm;udk zG@J pnf;aomtcg atmufyg
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
(u) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d wrsK;d rsK;d onf rdrw
d @dk . ud,
k yf ikd x
f if&mS ;csujf zpfaom
yx0Da'oESihf ordik ;f a=umif;t& zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifo;D jcm;
jynfe,fwcktjzpf aexdik v f akd omqEN&adS =umif;/ jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;vdk
aom wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; aexdik &f ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l xl .
k
(30) &mckid Ef e_ ;f axmufcrH j_ zifh oufqikd &f m jynfe,fvw $ af wmf (od@k r
21
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
[kw)f jynfe,frsm;. v$waf wmfrsm;xHo@kd jynfe,fopf zG@J pnf;a&;tqdu k kd

wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(c) xdkjynfe,fopf zGJ@pnf;a&;tqdkudk oufqdkif&mjynfe,fv$wfawmf
(od@k r[kw)f jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;. xuf0ufausmf axmufcrH j_ zifh
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@kd jynfe,fopf zG@J pnf;a&;tqdu k kd wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(*) trsKo d m;v$waf wmfonf yk'rf (56) yk'rf cGJ (c) t& wifjyvmaom
tqdt k ay:wGif trsK;d om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfe,fvw $ af wmf (od@k r[kw)f
jynfe,fv$wfawmfrsm;. udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifaom jynfe,fopf
zG@J pnf;a&;qdik &f m pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Siw f &yfukd zG@J pnf;ap&rnf?
(C) jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;a&;qdik &f m pHpk rf;a&;aumfr&Si. f wifjycsuEf iS t hf nD
jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;&ef tqdjk yKxm;aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; aexdik f
&ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l x l .k qENc, H yl u
JG kd usi;f yay;&rnf?
(i) qENc, H yl wJG iG f jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;vdak om wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm;aexdik f
&ma'otwGi;f &Sd jynfov l x l .k (60) &mckid Ef e_ ;f ausmaf om axmufcH
qENru J kd &&Syd gu jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;jcif;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'
t& twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(p) yk'rf (56) yk'rf cGJ (i) ESit hf nD jynfe,fopfz@JG pnf;a&;qdik &f m twnfjyK
csufudk&&Sd+yD;ygu trsKd;om;v$wfawmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfo@kd qufvufwifoiG ;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
vdt k yfovdk Oya'tjzpf jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
(q) Ekid if aH wmforRwonf tqdyk gOya'udk vufrw S af &;xd;k I xkwjf yefay;
&rnf?
(Z) tqdyk gOya'udk oufqidk &f mjynfe,f (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,frsm;u vdt k yf
ovdk qufvuftaumiftxnfazmf&ef oufqikd &f mjynfe,fOya'jyK
v$waf wmftoD;oD;od@k ay;yd@k &rnf?
yk'rf (57) jynfe,fopfrsm;qdik &f mOya'jyKjcif;
txufy'k rf (55) ESihf (56) wd@k wiG jf yXmef;xm;onfh jynfe,fopfrsm; zG@J pnf;
jcif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
22
yk'rf (58) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk e,fajrowfcsuq

f ikd &f mOya'jyKjcif;
txufy'k rf (49) (c) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajr
owfrwS jf cif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;
ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (59) jynfe,frsm;usio
hf ;kH ydik cf iG rhf &Sad omtm%mrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;onf Edik if jH cm;wkid ;f wyg;ESihf ppfa&;
r[mrdwjf yKjcif;/ ppfzufqikd &f m pmcsKyfcsKyfqjkd cif;/ rdrjd ynfe,ftwGi;f oD;jcm;
oH;k pG&J ef aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwv f yk jf cif;/ tm%mwd@k ukd usio
fh ;kH ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
23
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (4)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmf
Assembly of Federal Union
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
yk'rf (60) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfz@JG pnf;r_
$ af wmfukd trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf (Chamber of Nati-
onalities) ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf (Chamber of Peoples Representatives)
wd@k jzifh zG@J pnf;onf?
k w
$ af wmf.tm%m
TzG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya't& tyfEiS ;f xm;onfh Oya'jyKtm%mtm;vH;k onf
$ af wmfwiG f wnf&o
dS nf?
k w
$ af wmfyrkH eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf. yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;udk wESpfv#if
tenf;qH;k w}udrf usi;f y&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f y&ef
tenf;qH;k &ufaygi;f (60) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo
k rRwu ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf yHrk eS f
tpnf;ta0;wdik ;f wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k 0Sr;f vH;k qdik &f m tajc
taersm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I rde@f ceG ;f ¹rGu=f um;&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay: tpnf;
ta0;rsm;udk
(u) atmufygupd &P yfrsm;twGuf ac:,lciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
24
(1) zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'jyifqifcsuu f kd twnfjyKjcif;?

(2) Edik if aH wmfta&;ay:tajctae a=unmcsut f m; twnfjyKjcif;/
od@k wnf;r[kw/f y,fzsujf cif;?
(3) jynfyEdik if w H cktay: ppfa=unmjcif;/ ppf&yfpjJ cif;wd@k ukd twnfjyK
jcif;/ od@k wnf;r[kw/f y,fzsujf cif;?
(4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwudk twnfjyKcef@tyfjcif;/ zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyfjcif;?
(c) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf (od@k r[kw)f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfw&yf&yf. trsm;pk
qENrJjzifh awmif;qdkv#ifjzpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk0ef}uD;csKyfu
awmif;qdv k #ijf zpfap orRwu qifah c:ay;&rnf?
(*) tpnf;ta0;rusi;f yrD tenf;qH;k (7) &uf }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
yk'rf (64) zuf&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;txajrmufjcif;
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. ud,
k pf m;vS,f xuf0ufausmEf iS hf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf.
ud,
k pf m;vS,f xuf0ufausmf wufa&mufro S mv#if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; txajrmufap&rnf?
yk'rf (65) qENr&J ,ljcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;Y qH;k jzwfcsu&f ,l&mwGif
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfo@l vw$ af wmfrS wufa&mufvm=uaom v$wf
awmfw&yfcsi;f pDrS ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;. trsm;pkqENrJ &&Sad p&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf.obmywd
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf. tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif trsKd ;om;
v$waf wmfOuUXESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUX wOD;OD;onf tvSnu hf s
obmywdtjzpf aqmif&Guf&rnf? v$wfawmfOuUX wOD;OD;qdkonfh
pum;&yfwiG f 'kw, d OuUXvnf; t}uHK;0ifonf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf obmywdonf jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef m
r_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf tm%m&Sad p&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfwiG f rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&ef vdt
k yfaomudp&P yf
rsm;Y TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg jyXmef;csurf sm;udk taxmuftxm;
25
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jyKI rJta&twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w

$ af wmf
obmywdonf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd ay;Ekid cf iG &hf I
dS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
yk'rf (67) v$wfawmfESpf&yfpvHk;wGif w+ydKifeufwnf;udk,fpm;vS,fjzpfcGifh
r&Sdjcif;
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,w f OD;onf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfEiS hf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
ESp&f yfpvH;k wGif w+ydKifeufwnf; ud,k pf m;vS,rf jzpfap&?
yk'rf (68) uif;vGwcf iG t
hf cGit
hf a&;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. tpnf;ta0;w&yf&yfwiG f rJay;jcif;/
ajymqdak qG;aEG;jcif;/ a&;om;jzef@a0jcif; ponfw@kd EiS phf yfvsO;f I rnfonfh
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,uf rkd # ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;/ ta&;,ljcif;/ w&m;pGq J kd
jcif; rjyK&?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf tpnf;ta0;usif;yaepOftawm
twGi;f rnfonfh v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,u
f rkd # jypfru
_ sL;vGeaf epOfwiG f
zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif;rSvJGI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf OuUX.
cGijhf yKcsurf &Syd J jypfrw
_ pHw
k &mtwGuf zrf;qD;jcif;/ ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (69) axmufyahH =u;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;onf oifw h ifah v#muf
ywfonfh aiGa=u;ESichf pH m;cGiu
hf kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jzifh
owfrwS jf yXmef;ay;onft h wdik ;f cHpm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? axmufyahH =u;wd;k jrihf
a=umif; qH;k jzwfcsuof nf aemifvmrnfh v$waf wmfoufwrf; topfYom
pwifI tusKd ;oufa&muf ap&rnf?
yk'k rf (70) Ekid if w
H umoabmwlncD surf sm;/ pmcsKyfrsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJh+yD;aom EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsufrsm;/ pmcsKyfrsm;udk
twnfjyKjcif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f y,fcsjcif; jyKvky&f rnf?
26
yk'rf (71) jynfaxmifpv

k w
$ af wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
$ af wmfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfqikd &f m
pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;ESihf vkyxf ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf

Chamber of Nationalities
yk'rf (72) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfukd zG@J pnf;jcif;

(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,ftoD;oD;
u ta&twGuf wlnpD mG apv$wo f nfh ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,ftoD;oD;
u ud, k pf m;vS,f (6) OD;uspD apv$w&f rnf?
yk'rf (73) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af &$;cs,jf cif;
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf adS om jynfol
vlxu k vGwv f yfIw&m;r#wonfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif wdu k &f u
dk f
v#K@d 0u S rf aJ y;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G;cs,w f ifajrmuf&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf 0ifa&muf,OS +f ydKifta&G;cHrnfh
Edik if o
H m;wdik ;f onf
(1) a&G;aumufyJGusif;yrnfhae@&ufwGif tenf;qHk;touf (25)
ESpjf ynf+h yD; jzpf&rnf?
(2) Edik if o H m;tjzpf todtrSwjf yKcH&jcif; tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf &S&d rnf?
(3) ud, k pf m;jyKa&G;cs,cf rH nfh jynfe,fwiG f tajccsaexdik o f l jzpf&rnf?
(4) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf xk ufyakd om Edik if o
H m; rjzpfap&?
(*) jynfe,ftoD;oD;onf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,f
&eftwGuaf e&mESihf usi;f y&efenf;vrf;rsm;udk oufqikd &f mjynfe,fOya'
jyKv$waf wmfY Oya'jyKjyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (74) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. OuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
trsdK;om;v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf v$wfawmfOuUXESifh 'kwd,
OuUXwd@k ukd trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;xJrS qENraJ y;I a&G;aumuf
27
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
wifajrm uf&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,

d OuUXwd@k onf jynfe,f
wckwnf;rS ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm; rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (75) ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;.oufwrf;
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;.oufwrf;udk (4) ESpf owfrw S o
f nf?
ud,
k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&. xuf0ufukd (2) ESpwf }urd f a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufI vJv,
S f
oGm;&rnf?
yk'rf (76) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) a&G;aumufyGJusif;y+yD;aemuf &ufaygif; (60) twGif; yxrt}udrf
trsK;d om;v$waf wmf tpnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu
ac:,lusi;f yay;&rnf?
(c) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. yHrk eS t f pnf;ta0;udk tenf;qH;k wESpv
f #iw
f }urd f
usi;f y&rnf?
(*) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS t
f pnf;ta0;udk trsK;d om;v$waf wmf OuUXu
ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k
&ufaygi;f (30) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
yk'rf (77) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
(u) tenf;qH;k jynfe,fEpS cf rk S trsK;d om;v$waf wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f m;vk;H u
aomfvnf;aumif; trsK;d om;v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;vS,f av;yHw
k yHu k
aomfvnf;aumif; awmif;qdv k mygu trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXonf
txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f ta&;ay: tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk ac:
,lusi;f yay;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfrS wifjyawmif;qdv k mv#if trsKd ;om;
v$waf wmfOuUXonf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;
r[kw)f ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lusi;f yEdik o f nf?
(*) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f ta&;ay:
tpnf;ta0; ac:,lusi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k (15) &uf }udKwif
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
28
yk'rf (78) tpnf;ta0;txajrmufjcif;ESihf rJay;jcif;

(u) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&. xuf0ufausmw f ufa&muf
v#if trsKd ;om;v$waf wmftpnf;t a0;udk usi;f yEdik o f nf?
(c) od@k &mwGif rJcq
JG ;kH jzwf&eftwGujf zpfygu trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;
vS,Of ;D a& oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&mufro S m tpnf;ta0;txajrmufap
&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f oH;k yHEk pS yf kH wufa&mufaom
tpnf;ta0;wGif trsm;pkqENru J &kd ,lI qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S Ef ikd of nf?
od@k &mwGif rJta&twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg trsK;d om;v$waf wmfOuUX
onf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd ay;Ekid cf iG &hf I
dS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
yk'rf (79) trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUX. tcGit
hf m%m
trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfOuUXonf trsKd ;om;v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;rsm;ESihf
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef mr_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf
tm%m&Sad p&rnf? trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf. OypmtwGi;f trsKd ;om;v$wf
awmfOuUX. cGijhf yKcsurf &Syd J rnforl # 0ifa&muf&mS azGjcif;/ zrf;qD;jcif; jyKydik cf iG hf
r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (80) trsK;d om;v$waf wmf. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
trsdK;om;v$wfawmfwGif EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD/ umuG,fa&;qdkif&m
a&;&maumfrwD/ b¾ma&;&maumfrwD ESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;&maumf
rwDrsm;tygt0if vdt k yfaom a&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk trsKd ;om;v$waf wmf.
ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;Ekid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (81) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsOpf nf;urf;rsm;
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfonf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfqikd &f m pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
29
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
jynfol@v$wfawmf
Chamber of Peoples Representatives
yk'rf (82) jynfo@l vw

$ af wmfz@JG pnf;jcif;
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfukd vlO;D a&tay:wGif tajccHaom a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif
Ekid if o
H m;rsm;u a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufvu
dk o
f nfh ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;
onf?
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,af &G;cs,jf cif;
(u) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk rJqENay;ydik cf iG &hf adS om jynfol
vlxu k vGwv f yfI w&m;r#wonfh taxGaxGa&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif
wduk &f u
kd v
f #Kd @0u
S rf aJ y;jcif;tm;jzifh a&G;cs,wf ifajrmuf&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;. ta&twGuEf iS hf rJqENe,fajr
rsm;onf jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfrS Oya'jyK owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;onfh
twdik ;f jzpfap&rnf?
$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,t
f &nftcsi;f
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf 0ifa&muf,OS +f yKd if ta&G;cHrnfh Edik if o H m;
wkid ;f onf
(u) a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yonfah e@wiG f touf (25) ESpjf ynf+h y;D aom zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpEk ikd if o H m; jzpf&rnf?
(c) Oya't& Edik if o H m;jzpfvmoljzpfv#if Edik if o H m;jzpf+yD;aemuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k wGi;f tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf qufwu kd f aexdik cf o
hJ l jzpf&rnf?
(*) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf x
k ufyakd om Edik if o H m; rjzpfap&?
$ af wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
jynfo@l vw$ af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf v$waf wmfOuUXESihf 'kw,
d OuUX
wdk@udk jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;xJrS qENrJay;I a&G;aumuf
wifajrmuf&rnf?
30

$ af wmfu,
kd pf m;vS,o
f ufwrf;
(u) jynfol@v$wfawmf. yHkrSefoufwrf;onf (4) ESpfjzpfonf? jynfol@
v$waf wmf.oufwrf;udk oufqikd &f mjynfo@l vw $ af wmf. yxrt}urd f
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonfh ae@rpS I pwifa&wGu&f rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. oufwrf;onf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf
. oufwrf;ESit hf nD jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (87) jynfo@l v$waf wmfa&G;aumufyrJG sm;usi;f yjcif;
$ af wmfwck. yHrk eS o
jynfo@l vw f ufwrf;rukeq
f ;kH rD tenf;qH;k &ufaygi;f (60)
tvdkwGif aemufoufwrf;topftwGuf jynfol@v$wfawmf taxGaxG
a&G;aumufyJG usi;f y&rnf?
$ af wmfyrkH eS t
f pnf;ta0;
(u) taxGaxGa&$;aumufyJG usi;f y+yD;aemuf &ufaygi;f (60) twGi;f yxr
t}urd f jynfo@l vw
$ af wmftpnf;ta0;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw
u ac:,lay;&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk tenf;qH;k wESpv
f #iw
f }udrf
usi;f y&rnf?
(*) jynfol@v$wfawmf yHkrSeftpnf;ta0;udk jynfol@v$wfawmf OuUXu
ac:,lay;&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw$ af wmf yHrk eS tf pnf;ta0;udk usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k
&ufaygi;f (30) }udKwifI a=unm&rnf?
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;
(u) jynfo@l vw$ af wmf OuUXonf atmufazmfjyyg tajctaew&yf&yfwiG f
jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf txl;tpnf;ta0;ESihf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk
ac:,lusi;f y&rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu !$e=f um;jcif;
(2) jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &0ef}uD;csKyfu awmif;qdjk cif;?
(3) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f av;yHw
k yHu
k awmif;qdjk cif;
31
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) jynfol@v$wfawmf txl;tpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) ta&;ay:

tpnf;ta0;ac:,l usi;f y&eftwGuf tenf;qH;k (15) &uf }udKwif
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
$ af wmftpnf;ta0; txajrmufjcif;/ rJay;jcif;
jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& (30) &mcdik ;f E_e;f ausmf wufa&mufv#if
jynfo@l vw $ af wmf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yEdik o f nf? od@k &mwGif rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&ef
twGujf zpfygu jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k . xuf0ufausmf
wufa&mufro S m tpnf;ta0;txajrmufap&rnf? qH;k jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S f
&mwGif wufa&muforl sm;. trsm;pkqENru J kd &,l&rnf? od@k &mwGif rJta&
twGuf wlnaD eaomtcg jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUXonf tqH;k tjzwfru J kd
ay;Ekid cf iG &hf IdS tEdik rf u
J akd y;&rnf?
$ af wmfzsuo
f rd ;f jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &0ef}uD;
csKyf. t}uHjyKcsut f & jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfukd zsuo
f rd ;f &rnf/ (od@k wnf;
r[kw)f &kyo
f rd ;f &rnf?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? od@k &mwGif jynfo@l v$waf wmfY tpd;k &tzG@J tay: t,Ht k =unfr&Sd
tqdk wifoiG ;f &mwGif 0ef}uD;csKyfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ud,
k pf m;vS,t f rsm;pk.
axmufcHr_udk qufvufr&&Sdaomtcg/ 0ef}uD;csKyfu v$wfawmfzsufodrf;&ef
(odk@wnf;r[kwf) &kyfodrf;&ef t}uHjyKaomfvnf; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRw
onf 0ef}uD;csKyf. t}uHjyKcsuu f kd jiif;y,fEikd o
f nf? TuJo h @kd aom tajctae
rsdK;wGif 0ef}uD;csKyftopfwOD;. trnfpm&if;udk wifoGif;&eftwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkorRwonf jynfol@v$wfawmftm; csufjcif;qifhqdk&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf yk'rf (90) tyd'k cf JG (u) . ¹ciG ;f csut f & qifqh jkd cif;cH
&ygu 0ef}uD;csKyftopf. trnfpm&if;udk (15) &uftwGi;f wifoiG ;f &
rnf? wifoiG ;f &efysuu f uG yf gu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf jynf
ol@vw $ af wmfukd zsuo f rd ;f &rnf?
(*) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuzkd suo f rd ;f +y;D a&G;aumufyt JG opfusi;f yI tpd;k &w&yf
rzG@J pnf;Edik rf /D =um;umvwGif Edik if aH wmfukd pDrt H yk cf sKyf&ef zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpo k rRwonf =um;jzwftpd;k &w&yfukd zG@J pnf;wm0efay;&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw $ af wmftm; zsuo f rd ;f +yD;aemuf &ufaygi;f (60) xuf aemuf
rusapbJ jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,af &G;aumufyrJG sm; usi;f y&rnf?
32

$ af wmfOuUX. tcGit
hf m%m
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUXonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmftpnf;a0;rsm;ESihf jynfo@l
v$waf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;. pnf;urf;vdu k ef mr_ukd xde;f odr;f }uD;=uyfciG hf
tm%m&Sad p&rnf? jynfo@l vw $ af wmf OypmtwGi;f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfOuUX.
cGijhf yKcsurf &yJ rnforl # 0ifa&muf&mS azGjcif;/ zrf;qD;ta&;,ljcif; jyKydik cf iG rhf &Sd
ap&?
yk'rf (93) pkpH rf;a&;aumfr&Sif
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu,kd pf m;vS,f av;yHwk yHu
k awmif;qdv
k #i/f jynfo@l vw $ af wmf
onf pHkprf;a&;aumfr&Sifw&yfudk zGJ@pnf;&rnf? jynfol@v$wfawmfonf
aumfr&Si.f vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu jyXmef;
xm;aom aumfr&Sizf @JG pnf;jcif;qdik &f m Oya'ESit
hf nD owfrw S jf yXmef;ay;
&rnf?
$ af wmf. a&;&maumfrwDrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfwiG f Edik if jH cm;a&;&maumfrwD/ umuG,af &;qdik &f ma&;&m
aumfrwD/ b¾ma&;&maumfrwDEiS hf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;&maumfrwDrsm;
tygt0if vdt k yfaoma&;&maumfrwDrsm;udk jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. ud, k pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzifh zG@J pnf;Ekid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
$ af wmfqikd &f mpnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;rsm;
jynfo@l vw$ af wmfonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfqikd &f m pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf; vkyx
f ;kH
vkyef nf;rsm;udk owfrw
S jf yXmef;&rnf?
33
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (5)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkOya'jyKjcif;
Federal Legislation
yk'rf (96) Oya'=urf;rsm;wifoiG ;f jcif;

(u) Oya'=urf;rsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpk;d &uaomfvnf;aumif;
v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;uaomfvnf;aumif; wifoiG ;f
&rnf?
(c) aiGOya'=urf;rsm;udk jynfo@l vw$ af wmfYom pwifwifoiG ;f &rnf?
(*) obm0o,HZmwESihf pyfvsO;f aom Oya'=urf;rsm;ukd trsK;d om;v$wf
awmfYom pwifwifoiG ;f &rnf?
yk'rf (97) Oya'=urf;rsm;Oya'jzpfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &ok;H cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;rSty jynfo@l vw $ f
awmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aom Oya'=urf;tm;vk;H onf tqkyd g v$waf wmf
wGif xuf0ufausmf qENr&J &S+d y;D aemuf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@dk qufvuf
wifoiG ;f aomtcg trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;. xuf0uf
ausmf qENr&J &Srd o
S mv#if xkOd ya'=urf;onf Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
(c) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfwiG f pwifwifoiG ;f aom Oya'=urf;onf tqkyd g
v$waf wmfwiG f xuf0ufausmf qENr&J &S+d yD;aemuf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@dk
qufvufwifoiG ;f aomtcg jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,f xuf0uf
ausm. f qENr&J &Srd o
S mv#if xkOd ya'=urf;onf Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (98) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ESppf Of&oH;k cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;twnfjyKjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ESppf Of&ok;H cef@reS ;f ajc aiGOya'=urf;ukd jynfo@l vw
$ f
awmfwGif pwifwifoGif;&rnf? xkdOya'=urf;ukd jynfol@v$wfawmfwGif
omreftrsm;pkqENrjJ zifh twnfjyK+yD;ygu trsK;d om;v$waf wmfo@dk wify@dk
&rnf? (21) &uftwGi;f trsK;d om;v$waf wmfrS omreftrsm;pk qENrjJ zifh
twnfjyKv#if Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
34
yk'rf (99) omreftoH;k p&dwo

f ;kH pGjJ cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&. ESpfpOf&§oHk;cef@rSef;ajc aiGOya'=urf;udk
b¾ma&;ESpfrukefqHk;rD zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu twnfrjyK
Edik af o;v#if ,refEpS u f twnfjyKcJo h nfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &.
&§oH;k cef@reS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;yg omreftoH;k p&dwf cGijhf yKcsuaf bmiftwGi;f rS
oH;k pGEJ ikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (100) yl;wGn
J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwD
(u) v$waf wmfw&yf&yfu twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;wckv;Hk ukjd zpfap
wpdyw f ykid ;f ukjd zpfap tjcm;v$waf wmfrS twnfjyKEkid jf cif;r&Sv d #if yl;wGnJ d
E_id ;f a&;aumfrwD zG@J pnf;I xkOd ya'=urf;ukd nEd id_ ;f r_jyK&ef v$waf wmfw&yf
&yfujzpfap zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ujzpfap awmif;qkEd idk of nf?
(c) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDudk v$waf wmfEpS &f yfrS wlnaD om uk, d pf m;vS,f
rsm;jzifh zJ@G pnf;&rnf?
(*) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDonf oufqidk &f mvkyif ef; +y;D qk;H onfEiS hf zsuo f rd ;f
+yD; jzpfap&rnf?
(C) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDwiG f nEd id_ ;f aomfvnf; oabmwlnrD r_ &&Syd gu
tqkyd g Oya=urf;onf Oya'jzpf&ef tcGit hf vrf;r&Sad om Oya'=urf;
jzpfap&rnf?
(i) yl;wGn J Ed id_ ;f a&;aumfrwDwiG f oabmwlnrD _ &&Sad omfvnf; jyifqifr_
&Sv d #iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ ajymif;vnf;r_&v dS #iaf omfvnf;aumif;/ xkd
Oya'=urf;tm; pwifwifoiG ;f aom v$waf wmfo@dk jyefvnfay;yk@d &rnf?
,if;v$waf wmfu twnfjyK+y;D aemuf tjcm;v$waf wmfo@dk ay;yk@d &mY xkd
v$waf wmfu qufvuftwnfjyKv#if Oya' jzpfap&rnf?
(p) txufy'k rf cGJ (i) t& ay;yk@d aomfvnf; yk'rf (97) jyXmef;csuyf g vkyx f ;Hk
vkyef nf;twkid ;f twnfrjyKEdik af om Oya'=urf;onf Oya'jzpf&ef tcGihf
tvrf;r&Sad om Oya'=urf; jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (101) Oya'jzpf&eftcGit
hf vrf;r&Sad omOya'=urf;
Oya'jzpf&ef tcGifhtvrf;r&Sdaom Oya'=urf;wckukd y,fcsonfhae@rSpI
ESpEf pS t
f wGi;f rnfonfh v$waf wmfwiG rf S xyfrw
H ifoiG ;f jcif; r&Sad p&?
35
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (102) xkwjf yefa=unmjcif;/ tm%mwnfjcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;wkdif;ukd
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwu (7) &uftwGi;f vufrwS af &;xk;d xkwjf yef
a=unm&rnf? (7) &ufausmfvGefv#if orRwu vufrSwfa&;xkd;jcif;r&Sd
aomfvnf; tm%mwnfap&rnf?
k w
$ af wmf. oD;oef@ Oya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfonf atmufyg pm&if;ygupd rP sm;tvk@d imS
oD;oef@Oya'jyKtm%m &Sad p&rnf?
(u) umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;u¾
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k ufeufuikd w
f yfz@JG rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;vHjk cKH a&;
qdik &f mtzG@J rsm;Oya'
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfOya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J Oya'
(4) trsK;d om;vH+k cHKa&;aumifpOD ya'
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &Jwyfz@JG Oya'
(6) vufeufEiS hf ayguu f aJG pwwfaom cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm; xkwv f yk f
jcif;/ a&mif;csjcif;/ wifoiG ;f jcif;/ wify@dk jcif;qdik &f mOya'
(7) Edik if o
H m;rsm; ppfrx_ rf;a&;qdik &f mOya'
(c) Ekid if jH cm;a&;u¾
(1) tjynfjynfqikd &f m/ a'oqdik &f mESihf ESpjf ynfaxmifqikd &f m pmcsKyf
pmwrf;rsm; oabmwlncD surf sm;Oya'
(2) Edik if u H ;l vufrw
S Ef iS hf vl0ifr}_ uD;=uyfa&;qkid &f mOya'
(3) ukvor*~EiS hf oHwrefqikd &f mudp&P yfrsm;Oya'
(*) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf b¾ma&;u¾
(1) aiGpuULESihf aiG'*F g;xkwv f yk jf cif;/ jzef@a0jcif;qdik &f mOya'
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ESppf Of &ok;H cef@reS ;f ajcaiGpm&if;qdik &f mOya'
(3) Ekid if w
H um ukeof , G af &;ESihf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;qdik &f mOya'
36
(4) Ekid if w
H um aiG;a=u;qdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf qufo,
G jf cif;qkid &f m
Oya'
(5) oGi;f ukex f w
k uf ek t
f cGeaf umufcjH cif;qkid &f mOya'
(6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk [db k %fOya'
(C) qufo, G af &;ESihf yd@k aqmifa&;u¾
(1) pmwku d Ef iS hf a=u;eef;qufo, G af &;Oya'
(2) jynfaxmifpq k idk &f m a&'D,Edk iS hf &kyjf rifo=H um;vkyif ef;rsm;Oya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk ta0;ajy;um;vrf;rsm;/ &xm;vrf;rsm;/ a&
a=umif;vrf;rsm;/ urf;&d;k wef;ESihf yifv,fa&a=umif;oGm;vma&;
rsm;ESihf ava=umif;vkyif ef;rsm;qdik &f mOya'
(i) ynma&;u¾
(1) bG@J veG yf nma&;/ yk*v ~ ud ausmif;rsm;qkid &f mOya'
(2) tqifjh rifo h yd EH` iS hf enf;ynmqdik &f mOya'
(3) tajccHynmudk tcrJo h if=um;cGiqhf ikd &f mOya'
(p) use;f rma&;ESihf vlrz_ v l akH &;u¾
(1) jynfaxmifpq k idk &f m use;f rma&;udp&P yfrsm;Oya'
(2) uav;oli,frsm;/ trsK;d orD;rsm;/ roefrpGr;f olrsm;ESihf ouf}uD;
&G,t
f rkd sm; apmifah &Smufa&;qdik &f mOya'
(3) uav;rsm;tcGit hf a&;qdik &f mOya'
(q) w&m;a&;u¾
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf. oD;oef@p&D ifyikd cf iG hf
qkid &f mOya'
(2) zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'w&m;&H;k ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,jf cif;qdik &f m
Oya'
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;ESihf zuf'&,fw&m;
ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyfjcif;qdik &f mOya'
(4) "avhx;Hk wrf; uGjJ ym;jcm;em;olrsm;t=um; vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;jcif;
vifr,m;uGm&Si;f jcif;ESihf tarGqufcjH cif;qkid &f mOya'
37
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(Z) v$waf wmfrsm;a&;&mu¾

(1) trsKd;om;v$wfawmfESifh jynfol@v$wfawmfaumfr&SifzGJ@pnf;jcif;
qkid &f mOya'
(2) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm; a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;
Oya'
(3) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Sirf sm;qdik &f mOya'
(ps) pufrv
_ ufru _ ¾
(1) tav;csed Ef iS hf jcifw, G w
f idk ;f wmjcif;qdik &f mOya'
(2) ul;,ljzef@cscD iG /hf enf;ynmrlyidk cf iG /hf 'DZikd ;f ESihf wHqyd t
f rSwt f om;
qkid &f mOya'
(3) tvkycf sed /f tedrq hf ;kH vkycf / tvkyyf w d &f ufrsm;ESihf vkyif ef;cGif ab;
tE &W ,fuif;&Si;f a&; pHEe_ ;f owfrw S cf suf qdik &f mOya'
(n) t&yf&yfqikd &f mu¾
(1) Edik if aH &;ygwrD sm;qdik &f mOya'
(2) jynfe,fopfrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qkid &f mOya'
(3) toif;tzG@J rsm;ESihf or*~rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;qkid &f mOya'
(4) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdK@awmf owfrw S jf cif;Oya'
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufjcif;qkid &f mOya'
(6) Edik if aH &;wm0efxrf;aqmifol yk*Kd~ vfrsm;. aiGa=u;ESiyhf pPn;f OpPm
ydik q
f idk rf q
_ ikd &f mOya'
(7) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk (ta0;a&muf) Edik if o H m;rsm;. tcGit hf a&;
ESihf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;qdik &f mOya'
(8) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumufcjH cif;qdik &f mOya'
(9) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk idk if o H m;jzpfjcif;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;om;rsm; Ekid if H
om;jzpfjcif;qkid &f mOya'
(10) EkdifiHawmfta&;ay:tajctaeqdkif&mOya'
(11) vlxq k ENazmfxw k jf cif;ESihf vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;qkid &f mOya'
(12) trSew f &m; azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&SiOf ya'
38
yk'rf (104) xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfESifh jynfe,fv$wfawmftoD;oD;wkd@onf
atmufpm&if;ygupd rP sm;wGif rdrw d @dk vw $ af wmfwckcsi;f pDtvku d f xyfwOl ya'
jyKykid cf iG hf tm%m&Sad p&rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktwGif; a&mif;0,fcGef/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;cGef/
tjrwfceG /f ,pfrsK;d cGe/f qdyu f rf;cGet f ygt0if taumuftcGeq f idk &f m
udp&P yfrsm;
(2) obm0ywf0ef;usix f ed ;f odr;f a&;
(3) rl;,pfxx Hk idk ;f ab;jzpfapwwfaom aq;0g;rsm;
(4) zGm;aopm&if; rSwyf w Hk ifjcif;
(5) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,fwcktwGif;Y usa&mufonfh
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k pGr;f tifprD u H ed ;f vkyif ef;rsm;/ zG@H +zdK;a&;pDru H ed ;f
}uD;rsm;
(6) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fwcktwGi;f ajray:ajratmuf
o,HZmw wl;azmfxw k v f yk jf cif;/ a&mif;csjcif;
(7) Ekid if jH cm;tpk;d &rsm;ESihf ukr% ` rD sm;rS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynf
e,frsm;ok@d &if;ES;D jrKyfEjHS cif;qkid &f mudp&P yfrsm;
(8) a'oqkid &f m a&'D,Edk iS hf &kyjf rifo=H um;vkyif ef;rsm;
(9) b%fEiS hf tmrcHvyk if ef;rsm;
(10) aetdr/f Oypm/ ajr,mykid q f idk rf _ v$aJ jymif;jcif;qkid &f mudprP sm;
(11) wuUov dk Ef iS hf toufar$;0rf;a=umif; ynma&;qkid &f m jyXmef;csurf sm;
(12) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,f we,frw S e,fo@dk jzwfoef;pD;
qif;vsu&f adS om jrpfrsm;ESihf a&a=umif;qkid &f m pnf;rsn;f owfrw S cf suf
rsm;/ jynfwiG ;f yifv,fa&a=umif;ESihf urf;&k;d wef; o,f,yl @dk aqmifa&;
qkid &f m pnf;rsn;f owfrw S cf surf sm;
(13) 'kuo Q nfa&;&mESihf Ekid if aH &;ckv d cHk iG hf
(14) &mZwfr_ Oya'ESihf w&m;rusix hf ;Hk Oya'rsm;
(15) jynfo@l 0efxrf; avhusiahf &;oifwef;rsm;
(16) tvkyo f rm;ESihf v,form;qdik &f m Oya'jyXmef;csurf sm;
39
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (105) zG@J pnf;yHt

k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&H;k .tqH;k tjzwfukd cH,jl cif;
xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f &Sd jyXmef;csuw f &yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfujzpfap/ jynfe,fvw $ af wmfwckcu k jzpfap Oya'jyK
cJah omf tjiif;yGm;zG,&f mrsm; jzpfymG ;vmygu zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m
w&m;&H;k . tqH;k tjzwfukd cH,&l rnf?
yk'rf (106) xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f t& jynfaxmifpu
k Oya'jyKjcif;
xyfwOl ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f &Sd jyXmef;csuw f &yf&yfEiS hf pyfvsO;f I jynfe,f
wckcuk Oya'jyKcJah omf tjcm;jynfe,fwckck (ok@d r[kw)f tjcm;jynfe,f
om;wk@d . tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd xdcu dk Ef idk jf cif; (ok@d r[kw)f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
w0Sr;f vk;H . tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd xdcudk af pEkid jf cif;jzpfv#if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu Oya'jyK&rnf?
yk'rf (107) yl;wGo
J abmwlnrD &_ ,ljcif;
obm0o,HZmw wl;azmfxkwfvkyfjcif;ESifh a&mif;csjcif;/ EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;
k v
jrK yEf jHS cif;/ pGr;f tifxw f yk jf cif;wk@d twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpvk w$ af wmfu
Oya'jyKrnfqkdv#if oufqkdifaom jynfe,fv$wfawmfrsm;uaomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfe,fvw $ af wmfu Oya'jyKrnfqv dk #if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfuaomfvnf;aumif; oabmwln+D yD;rS xkOd ya'tm%mwnfap
&rnf?
yk'rf (108) jynfe,frsm;. Oya'jyKtm%m
TzG@J pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya't& z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'jyKtm%mt!Ge;f
rsm;wGif twdvif;owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;jcif; r&Sad omudprP sm;ESihf pyfv#O;f I
oufqidk &f mjynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;Y Oya'jyKykid cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (109) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'uv$r;f rk;d jcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'ESihf jynfe,fOya'wd@k qef@usiu
f v
JG rJG _ jzpfay:vm
ygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpOk ya'u jynfe,fOya'tay: v$r;f rk;d ap&rnf?
40
tcef; (6)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkoRw
Federal President
yk'rf (110) Ekid if aH wmfO;D ao#mif

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpok rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwEdik if aH wmf.
OD;ao#mifjzpfonf?
yk'rf (111) t&nftcsif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRw (od@k r[kw)f 'kw, d orRw tjzpfa&G;cs,f
wifajrmufcrH nfo h o l nf atmufyg t&nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf jynfph &Hk rnf?
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Ekid if o H m;jzpf&rnf?
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk idk if o H m; rdbESpyf g;rS arG;zGm;ol jzpf&rnf?
(3) z,f'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f (10) ESpx f ufrenf; qufwu dk af exkid f
cJoh l jzpf&rnf?
(4) orRwavmif;tjzpf trnfpm&if; wifoiG ;f aomae@wiG f touf
(35) ESpjf ynf+h yD; jzpf&rnf?
(5) Edik if EH pS cf k (od@k r[kw)f Edik if EH pS cf xk ufyakd om Edik if o
H m;rjzpfap&?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, d orRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmif
pk (okd@r[kwf) jynfe,ftpkd;&w&yf&yf. tzGJ@0ifaomfvnf;aumif;/
v$wfawmfw&yf&yf. ukd,fpm;vS,faomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;OD; (okd@r[kwf) jynfe,ftpkd;&tzGJ@0if
wOD;OD;onf orRwtjzpf a&G;cs,w f ifajrmufjcif;cH&ygu oufqidk &f m
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,f (ok@d r[kw)f tpk;d & tzG@J 0iftjzpfrS E_wx f uG +f yD;
jzpfap&rnf?
yk'rf (112) a&G;cs,yf pHk epf
(u) jynfe,fvw$ af wmftoD;oD;rS wjynfe,fv#if wOD;uspD ay;yk@d aom
d orRwwOD;ukd trsK;d om;
orRwavmif;rsm;teufrS orRwwOD;ESihf 'kw,
v$waf wmfrS a&G;cs,w
f ifajrmuf&rnf?
41
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) jynfe,fwckrS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwtjzpf a&G;cs,fcHcJh&ygu

aemufxyfoufwrf; ok;H }urd t f wGi;f tqkyd gjynfe,frS xyfraH &G;cs,cf jH cif;
r&Sad p&? Toufwrf;a&wGurf w _ iG f 'kw,
d orRw oufwrf;umv t}uKH ;
r0ifap&?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwtopfukd a&G;cs,w f ifajrmuf&eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf rdrd.&mxl;oufwrf; rukefqHk;rD
tenf;qHk; (6) v}udKwifI trsKd;om;v$wfawmftm; qifhac:&ef
ta=umif;=um;&rnf?
(C) orRwa&G;cs,jf cif;qkid &f m Oya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu
jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (113) oufwrf;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw. oufwrf;onf wm0efxrf;aqmifonfh ae@rS
pI (5) ESpf jzpfap&rnf?
hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
yk'rf (114) wm0efEiS v
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmf
tygt0if zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;.
ppfaoemywdcsKyfwm0efudk xrf;aqmif&rnf? odk@&mwGif TtcGifh
tm%mudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaeumvYom
tjynft h 0 usio hf ;kH Edik cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf nEd id_ ;f
I oabmwlnDcsufukd&,l+yD; jynfyEkdifiHwckckukd ppfa=unmjcif;/
ppf&yfpjJ cif;rsm; jyKvkyyf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf?
(*) txuftydk'f (c) yg aqmif&GufcsufESifhywfoufI zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwonf teD;uyfq;kH yHrk eS zf uf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmf
tpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) ta&;ay: zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmftpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lI twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu 0ef}u;D csKyt f jzpf
trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vftm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &.
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
42
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 0ef}uD;csKyfu

trnfpm&if;wifoGif;aom yk*~dKvfwdk@udk zuf'&,fjynfxmifpktpdk;&
tzG@J 0if0ef}uD;rsm'tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d yD;oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k a&S@aecsKyftjzpf
cef@xm;&rnf?
(q) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d y;D oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf
w&m;ol}uD;rsm;ESifh w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;csKyftjzpfcef@
xm;&rnf?
(Z) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d y;D oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k pm&if;ppfcsKyftjzpf
cef@xm;&rnf?
(ps) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf.
twnfjyKcsu&f &S+d yD;oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak umfr&Sif toD;oD;
wd@k . tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf cef@xm;&rnf?
(n) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf 0ef}uD;csKyf. t}uHay;csuft&
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &0ef}uD; wOD;OD;. &mxl;rSEw k x f u G pf mudk
vufc&H rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f &mxl;rS &yfpaJ p&rnf?
(É) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyf.
t}uaH y;csut f & jynfo@l vw $ af wmf udk qifah c:&rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
&kyo f rd ;f &rnf? (od@k wnf;r[kw)f zsuo f rd ;f &rnf? Tod@k aqmif&u G &f mwGif
zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' yk'rf (91) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit hf nD aqmif&u G &f
rnf?
(X) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu twnfjyKaom (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
twnfjyK+yD;jzpfonf[k rSw, f &l rnfh Oya'=urf;tm; zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpOk ya' jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw
u vufrw S af &;xd;k +yD; xkwjf yefa=unmay;&rnf?
(È) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS hf pyfvsO;f I
jzpfap jynfov l x
l Ek iS hf oufqikd o f nfh ta&;}u;D aomudprP sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f
43
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Ijzpfap trSmv$mjzifah omfvnf;aumif; rde@f ceG ;f jzifah omfvnf;aumif;

$ af wmfo@kd ta=umif;=um;Edik o f nf?
(Ê) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf tcgtm;avsmfpGm zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpw k 0Sr;f vH;k od@k rde@f ceG ;f ¹rGu=f um; Edik o
f nf?
(%) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif twnfh
tvif;jyXmef;csurf sm;rSvI JG tjcm;udprP sm;wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
tpd;k &ESihf nEd id_ ;f Iaqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf? od@k &mwGif zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'
ESihf rqef@usiaf p&?
(w) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf ta&;tay:tajctae a=ujimjcif;
ESihf &kyo
f rd ;f jcif;wd@k ukd xkwjf yefa=ujimay;&rnf?
(x) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf vGw+f ird ;f csr;f omcGihf ay;ykid cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (115) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 'kw,
d orRw. wm0efEiS v
hf yk yf ikd cf iG rhf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwu vkyif ef;wm0efrsm;udk rdrt d vdtk av#muf
v$t
J yfaomtcgwiG jf zpfap/ wm0efudk qufvufxrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad wmh
v#ijf zpfap/ &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;cH&v#ijf zpfap/ uG,v f eG v f #ijf zpfap zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpk 'kw, d orRwonf orRw. vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS hf wm0ef0wW&m;rsm;udk
xrf;aqmifciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
k rRwESihf 'kw,
d orRw. cHpm;ydik cf iG rhf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwESihf 'kw,d orRwwd@k onf oD;oef@owfrw S x
f m;
onfh taqmifta,mifEiS ahf etdrw f @kd ukd &&Sad p&rnf? xd@k tjyif Oya'jzifh
owfrwS x
f m;aom vpmESipfh &dwrf sm;udk cHpm;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
k rRwukt
d a&;,ljcif;
atmufazmfjyyg ta=umif;t&mwckct k wGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwudk
pGypf rJG _ jyKvkyEf ikd o
f nf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
(1) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k aus;Zl;opPmukd azmufzsujf cif;
(2) TzG@J pnf;tkycf sKyfyt Hk ajccHOya'ukd azmufzsuu f sL;vGejf cif;
(3) tusio hf u
d mQ vGeu
f pJ mG ysujf ym;jcif;
44
(c) txuftyd'k f (u) t& orRwtay: pGypf cJG sut f m; v$waf wmfw&yf&yf
wGif wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf? v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. uk, d pf m;vS,t f enf;qH;k
xuf0ufausmrf S twnfjyKaxmufccH sut f &omv#if pGypf cJG suu f kd quf
vufppkH rf;ppfaq;Edik o f nf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfqikd &f m v$waf wmfw&yf. twnfjyK+y;D
aom xdpk yG pf cJG suu f kd tjcm;v$waf wmfw&yfu pHpk rf;ppfaq;&rnf?
(C) oufqikd &f m v$waf wmfw&yfu pHpk rf;ppfaq;+yD;aemuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwtm; &mxl;wGif qufvufI rxrf;&Guaf poifah om jypfr_
jzpfonf[I l tqdyk gvw $ af wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f pkpak ygi;f . oH;k yHEk pS yf u
kH
twnfjyKcJah omf xdt k qdu k kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfo@kd quf
vuf wifoiG ;f &rnf?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfonf txuftyd'k f (C) t& wifoiG ;f
vmonfhtqdktm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,f
pkpak ygi;f . xuf0ufausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
orRwtm; wm0efrS &yfpaJ p&rnf?
(p) pGypf cJG suuf kd pHpk rf;ppfaq;aomtcgwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
rdrdudk,fwdkifaomfvnf;aumif; udk,fpm;vS,fjzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
ckcaH csycGihf &S&d rnf?
(q) Tyk'rf yg jyXmef;csurf sm;onf 'kw, d orRwESiv hf nf; oufqidk af p&rnf?
yk'rf (118) tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,w
f ifajrm ufjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw uG,v f eG v
f #ijf zpfap/ if;.wm0efudk qufvuf
xrf;aqmifEidk pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhv#ijf zpfap/ yk'rf (116) t& &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;cH&
v#ijf zpfap/ vpfvyfomG ;aom ae&mtwGuf atmufygwidk ;f tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,f
wifajrmuf&rnf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRw. rlvoufwrf; ukeq f ;kH onftxd 'kw,
d
orRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwwm0efukd qufvufxrf;
aqmif&rnf? 'kw, d orRwtaejzifh TuJo h @dk orRwwm0efukd tpm;xd;k
xrfaqmifjcif;onf yk'rf (111) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csuEf iS hf t}uHK;r0if
ap&?
45
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) vpfvyfomG ;aom 'kw, d orRwae&mwGif trsK;d om;v$waf wmfOuUÏ

onf 'kw, d orRwtjzpf wm0ef,&l rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRw. ykHrSefoufwrf;umvtwGif; orRw
ae&mvpfvyfr_ xyfrjH zpfymG ;ygu a&G;aumufyt JG opfudk yk'rf (112)
jyXmef;csurf sm;twkid ;f jyKvky&f rnf?
yk'rf (119) uif;vGwcf iG hf
orRwESihf 'kw, d orRw wm0efxrf;aqmifaepOf umvtwGi;f zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, _ ckck (ok@d r[kw)f
d orRw. wm0eft& jyKvkyrf w
ysuu
f uG rf _ wckct k ay: &mZ0wfa=umif;t&jzpfap/ w&m;ra=umif;t& jzpfap
rnfowl OD;wa,mufur# zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwESihf 'kw, d orRw
tay: w&m;pGq J jdk cif; rjyK&?
yk'rf (120) wm;jrpfjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwESifh 'kwd,orRwwkd@onf vpmay;aom
tjcm;vkyfief; wckckwGifaomfvnf;aumif; tjrwftpGef;ukd tajconfh
vkyif ef;wckc.
k pDrcH ef@caJG &; tzG@J wiG af omfvnf;aumif; yg0ifvyk u
f idk jf cif; rjyK&?
46
tcef; (7)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&
Federal Government
yk'rf (121) zGJ@pnf;jcif;

(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk 0ef}u;D csKyfO;D aqmifaom 0ef}u;D tzG@J jzifh zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ukd zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k & 0ef}uD;tzG@J ukd jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfu,
dk pf m;
vS,rf sm;jzifh zGpJ nf;&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpkd;&onf jynfol@v$wfawmftm; tzGJ@vkduf
pkaygi;f wm0efc&H rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ukd
wm0efc&H rnf?
yk'rf (122) oufwrf;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt
k pk;d & oufwrf;onf jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf. oufwrf;ESihf
tnDjzpfonf?
yk'rf (123) 0ef}uD;csKyf
(u) jynfol@v$wfawmfrS a&G;aumufwifajrmufI trnfpm&if;wifoGif;
aomyk*K~ vd tf m; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu 0ef}u;D csKyt f jzpf cef@tyf
&rnf?
(c) jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk,
d pf m;vS,t f m;vH;k . xuf0ufausmf axmufcrH &J &Sd
ol jzpf&rnf?
(*) (14) &uftwGif; rnfolrSxuf0ufausmfrJjzifh a&G;cs,fjcif;rcH&v#if
omrefrt J a&twGuf trsm;qk;H &&So d l jzpf&rnf?
(C) 0ef}uD;csKyfu tqkjd yKwifjyaom 'kw, d 0ef}uD;csKyfEiS hf 0ef}uD;rsm;udk jynf
axmifpo k rRwu cef@tyf&rnf? (ok@d r[kw)f &mxl;rS z,f&mS ;&rnf?
(i) 0ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu awmif;qkv d #if if;wk@d
tm; qufcrH nfo h l a&G;cs,+f yD;onftxd qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmif
&rnf?
47
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (124) 'kw,

d 0ef}u;D csKyf
jynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfu if;.wm0efrsm;ukd xrf;aqmif&ef rpGr;f aqmifEidk f
v#ijf zpfap/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyf. cGijhf yKcsujf zifjh zpfap/ zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfu,
dk pf m; 'kw,
d 0ef}uD;csKyfonf wm0ef,al qmif&u G f
cGi&hf o
dS nf?
yk'rf (125) tpm;xk;d a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfjcif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKy&f mxl; vpfvyfcv hJ #if Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmif
k ajccHOya' yk'rf (123) ESit
pkz@JG pnf;yHt hf nD jyefvnftpm;xk;d a&G;cs,cf ef@
tyfjcif; jyK&rnf?
yk'k rf (126) t,kt
H =unfr&St
d qdk
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d & zG@J pnf;wm0ef,+l yD;aemuf (18) vtwGi;f
tpkd;&wzGJ@vHk; (odk@wnf;r[kwf) tpdk;&tzGJ@0ifwOD;csif;tay: t,kH
t=unfr&Sd tqkw d ifoiG ;f ykid cf iG hf r&Sad p&/
(c) t,Hkr=unfr&Sdtqdkudk jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,ftm;vkH;.
xuf0ufausmf qENrjJ zifh twnfjyKv#if tpd;k &wzG@J v;kH (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
tqdw k ifoiG ;f jcif;cH&ol tpd;k &tzG@J 0ifonf wm0efrS Ekwx f uG af y;&rnf?
(*) tpd;k &wzG@J v;kH Ekwx f u
G &f ygu TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' yk'rf (91) t&
a&G;cs,cf &H oltm; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
0ef}uD;csKyftjzpf cef@tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (127) E_wx
f u
G jf cif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyo
f nf rnfonft h cgYrqdk rdr.
d E_wx f u G f
v$mudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd ay;tyfjcif;jzifh &mxl;rSEw _ f
xGuEf ikd of nf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf rnfonft h cgYrqdk &mxl;rSEw _ f
xGuv f #if 0ef;}uD;rsm;onfvnf; rdrwd @kd &mxl;rsm;rS E_wx
f u
G +f yD;jzpfonf
[k rSw, f &l rnf?
48
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd wifoiG ;f ap&ef rdr.

d E_wx f u
G vf m$ udk
0ef}uD;csKyfvufo@dk ay;tyfjcif;jzifh rnfonft h pd;k &tzG@J 0if 0ef}uD;rqdk
&mxl;rS E_wx f u
G Ef ikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (128) tpk;d &tzG@J . wm0ef
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ESppf Of&oH;k
cef@reS ;f ajc aiGpm&if;udjk yKpkI jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k m; jynfyEdik if w H ckcrk S xdyg;wdu k cf u kd vf mv#if
(od@k wnf;r[kw)f xdyg;wdu k cf u kd cf &H &ef tajctae&Sv d #if zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&ef
orRw. cGijhf yKcsujf zifh ta&;,laqmif&u G Ef ikd o
f nf? xdu k ohJ @kd aqmif&u G f
csuu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmf usi;f yaeqJumv r[kwv f #i/f
teD;uyfq;kH zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(*) Edik if w
H um +ird ;f csr;f r_ xdr;f odr;f a&;vkyif ef;pOfwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmfrS yg0ifwm0ef,lrnfh udpP&yfrsm;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmf. ppfa&;pGr;f &nfrsm; jrirhf m;vmapa&;twGuf Edik if w H um
wyfz@JG rsm;ESihf yl;wGpJ pfa&;avhusirhf _ jyKvyk af &;udp&P yfrsm;twGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf orRwESin hf Ed id_ ;f +y;D tjynfjynfqikd &f m oabmwl
nDcsurf sm; (od@k r[kw)f ESpEf ikd if t H =um; csKyfqx kd m;onfh pmcsKyfrsm;t&
aqmif&u G yf ikd cf iG &hf o
dS nf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u oabmwlvufrw S af &;xd;k aom Edik if H
wumqdik &f m oabmwlncD suw f ikd ;f ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf
Y wifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (129) 0ef}u;D Xmersm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf atmufyg 0ef}uD;Xmersm;tygt0if (30)
xufrydak om 0ef}uD;Xmersm;udk vdt k yfovdk zG@J pnf;Edik o
f nf?
(1) Edik if jH cm;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
(2) umuG,af &;0ef}u;D Xme
(3) b¾ma&;ESihf pDru H ed ;f 0ef}uD;Xme
(4) jynfxaJ &;0ef}u;D Xme
49
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(5) use;f rma&;0ef}uD;Xme

(6) ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme
(7) qufo, G af &;0ef}u;D Xme
(8) jyef=um;a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(9) v,f,mESihf opfawm0ef}uD;Xme
(10) pGr;f tif0ef}uD;Xme
(11) tvkyo f rm;0ef}u;D Xme
(12) o,f,yl @kd aqmifa&;0ef}uD;Xme
(13) pD;yGm;a&;ESihf ukeo f ,
G af &;0ef}uD;Xme
(14) vlr0_ efxrf;0ef}u;D Xme
(15) w&m;a&;0ef}uD;Xme
(16) obm0ywf0ef;usix f rd ;f odr;f a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(17) usm;-r wef;wlnrD #a&; 0ef}uD;Xme
(18) odyEH` iS ehf nf;ynm 0ef}uD;Xme
(19) owWKwGi;f 0ef}u;D Xme
yk'rf (130) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &S@aecsKyf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &tzG@J ukd Oya't}uaH y;&efEiS hf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &udk ud,
k pf m;jyKI Oya'udprP sm;udak qmif&u G &f eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyw f OD;udk 0ef}u;D csKyu
f trnfwifoiG ;f +y;D /
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. oabmwlncD sujf zifh zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwu cef@tyf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &SaecsKyfonf v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. ud, k pf m;
vS,f aomfvnf;aumif;/ (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,ftpd;k &tzG@J w&yf&yf.
tzG@J 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif wufa&mufydkifcGifh&Sd+yD; ar;jref;r_rsm;udk tpdk;&
ud,
k pf m; &Si;f vif;ajz&Si;f cGihf &So
d nf?
50
yk'rf (131) tjcm;wm0efxrf;aqmifciG rhf &Sjd cif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &tzG@J 0ifrsm;ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &SaecsKyf
wd@k onf if;wd@k wm0ef,al qmif&u G of nfh wm0efrsm;rSwyg;
(u) vpmay;aom tjcm;vkyif ef;Xmersm;Y wm0ef,jl cif;aomfvnf;aumif;/
(c) tjrwftpGe;f udk tajccHonfh vkyif ef;wckc. k pDrcH ef@caJG &;tzG@J 0iftjzpf
aomfvnf;aumif; yg0ifvyk u f ikd jf cif; rjyK&?
51
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (8)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;
Federal Judiciary
yk'rf (132) w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG t

hf m%m
w&m;pD&ifrt
_ m%monf w&m;&H;k rsm;wGiw f nf&&dS rnf? w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m
udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmf.Oya'ESit hf nD tqifq
h ifw
h nfaxmif
xm;aom w&m;&H;k rsm;wGif usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf +dS yD; vGwvf yfI w&m;r#waom
w&m;pD&ifa&;pepf jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (133) vGwv
f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG hf
w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf vGwv
f yfpmG w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG &hf +dS yD; w&m;Oya'udo
k m
wm0efc&H rnf?
k ajccHOya'qdik &f mw&m;&H;k
(u) zG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'ESiyhf wfoufaom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;udk ajz&Si;f aqmif
&Gu&f eftwGuf zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&m;&H;k udk zG@J pnf;xl
axmif&rnf?
(c) zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'qdik &f mw&m;&H;k udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;
v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD; (9) OD;tygt0if trsK;d om;v$waf wmfrS
a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfaom yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D ESihf jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrS a&G;cs,cf ef@
tyfaom yk*Kd~ vfEpS Of ;D wd@k jzifh zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(*) zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya'qdik &f m w&m;&H;k wGif yg0ifrnfh trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
. ud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. ud,
k pf m;vS,rf sm;a&G;cs,jf cif;
qdik &f mOya'udk jynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (135) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k &m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;pD&ifa&;tm%mudk usifhoHk;&eftwGuf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfESifh if;.vufatmufcH
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw
k &m;&H;k rsm;udk zG@J pnf;xm;&S&d rnf?
52
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;ESihf zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;

rsm;cef@tyfjcif;qdkif&mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu
jyXmef;&rnf?
yk'rf (136) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyfukd w&m;ol}uD; (9) OD;jzifh
zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyu f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f olrsm;udk zuf'
&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmf. twnfjyKcsujf zifh orRwu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;tjzpf cef@tyf&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D tjzpf rnfonhf
v$waf wmf. ud, k pf m;vS,u f rkd # trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f jcif; rjyK&?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;teufrS
wOD;udk w&m;ol}u;D csKyft jzpf rdrw d @kd tcsi;f csi;f xJraS &G;cs,+f y;D / orRwu
cef@tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (137) w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;.t&nftcsi;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpwk &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o
H m;jzpf&rnf?
(c) tenf;qH;k touf (45) ESpf jynf+h yD;oljzpf&rnf?
(*) Oya'a&;&mvkyif ef;rsm;wGif tenf;qH;k (10) ESpf tawG@t}uHK&S+d yD;ol
jzpf&rnf?
yk'rf (138) zuf'&,fw&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;.oufwrf;umv
zuf'&,fw&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf
(u) w&m;ol}u;D ud, k w
f ikd u
f zuf&,fjynfaxmifpk orRwxHo@dk E_wx f u
G v
f m$
udk wifoiG ;f v#ijf zpfap/
(c) rdr.d wm0efux kd rf;aqmif&ef rpGr;f aqmifEikd o
f nfh tajctaeod@k a&muf
&Sv
d #ijf zpfap/
(*) tusio hf u
d mQ vGepf mG ysujf ym;v#ijf zpfap/
(C) touf (75) ESpjf ynfah jrmufv#ijf zpfap oufwrf;umv ukeq f ;kH ap&rnf?
53
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (139) &H;k xdik &f mae&m

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
jrdK@awmfwGif &Hk;xdkif&rnf? w&m;v$wfawmfcsKyfonf jynfe,frsm;&Sd
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;wGif &H;k xdik f cGi&hf adS p&rnft
h jyif vdt
k yfygu
tjcm;ae&mrsm;wGiv f nf; &H;k xdik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
k &m;v$waf wmfcsKy.
f pD&ifyikd cf iG t
hf m%m
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;&H;k rsm;onf yk'rf (134) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;udk
rxdcu kd af pbJ atmufygupd &P yfrsm;wGif pD&ifyikd cf iG t hf m%m &Sad p&rnf?
(1) jynfe,ftcsi;f csi;f =um;wGif jzpfymG ;aom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(2) jynfe,fwck. jynfe,fom;rsm;ESihf tjcm;jynfe,fwck. jynfe,f
om;rsm;t=um;wGif jzpfymG ;aom tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;ESihf r_cif;rsm;
(3) jynfe,fw&m;&Hk;csKyfwckrS tjcm;jynfe,f w&m;&Hk;csKyfwckodk@
v$aJ jymif;ppfaq;&ef tr_rsm;
(4) jynfe,fw&m;&H;k wckEiS hf tjcm;jynfe,f w&m;&H;k wckt=um; pD&if
ydik cf iG Ehf iS hf ywfoufonfh tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(5) Edik if jH cm;ukr% ` rD sm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f ukr%` rD sm; (od@k r[kw)f jynfe,f
tpd;k & (od@k r[kw)f zuf'&,f jynfaxmifpw k @kd t=um; csKyfqakd om
pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;udk ta=umif;jyKI ay:ayguaf om tjiif;yGm;r_rsm;
(6) vlrjJG zpfjcif;ESihf a'0gvcD jH cif;qdik &f m r_cif;rsm;
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyfonf atmufygpmc|eaf wmf
trde@f rsm;udk xkwyf ikd cf iG hf &So d nf?
(1) a&SawmfoiG ;f pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(2) tm%may; pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(3) wm;jrpfap pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(4) tm%mydik af r; pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(5) tr_ac: pmc|eaf wmftrde@f
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k &m;v$waf wmfcsKyf. oD;oef@p&D ifyikd cf iG hf tm%m
ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS Oya'jzifh jyXmef;ay;
&rnf?
54
yk'rf (141) pHkprf;ppfaq;jcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf yk'rf (138)
(c) ESihf (*) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;tay:tajccHI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak &Sae
csKyfu jynfo@l vw $ af wmfo@kd wifjyvmaomtcg trsKd ;om;v$waf wmfEiS hf
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfrS wlnaD om ud, k pf m;vS,t f a&twGuyf g0ifonfh pHpk rf;
ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Siu f kd v$waf wmfEpS &f yfnEd i_d ;f I zG@J pnf;&rnf? ,if;aumfr&Sif
. pHpk rf;ppfaq;awG@&cdS suu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfonf pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfr&Si. f wifjy
csut f ay:wGif rJay;I qH;k jzwfjcif;jyK&rnf?
yk'rf (142) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;ol}uD;rsm;cef@tyfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fw&m;ol}u;D rsm;udk cef@tyf&mwGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &
0ef}u;D csKyo f nf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}u;D
csKyfEiS hf nEd id_ ;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfo@kd twnfjyKcsuf
&,l&ef wifjy&rnf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmf.twnfjyKcsuf
jzifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwu zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;udk
vufrw S af &;xd;k cef@tyf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm; cef@tyf&mwGif vlrsdK;/ bmom/ tom;
ta&mif/ vdicf jJG cm;jcif; r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (143) cHpm;cGifhvpm
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu owf
rSwjf yXmef;ay;aom vpmukd &,lcpH m; ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (144) tjcm;wm0efxrf;aqmifciG rhf &Sjd cif;
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}u;D rsm;onf if;wd@k wm0ef,al qmif&u G of nfh w&m;pD&ifa&;
wm0efrw
S yg;
(u) vpmay;aom tjcm;vkyif ef;Xmersm;Y wm0ef,jl cif;aomfvnf;aumif;/
(c) tjrwftpGe;f udk tajccHonfh vkyif ef;wckc.
k pDrcH ef@caJG &; tzG@J 0iftjzpf
aomfvnf;aumif;/
55
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(*) v$waf wmfw&yf&yf. ud,k pf m;vS,f (od@k r[kw)f tpd;k &tzG@J wckc.
k
tzG@J 0ifaomfvnf;aumif; rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (145) uif;vGwcf iG hf
zuf'&,fw&m;ol}uD;rsm;onf wifu;l }uH&, G cf sujf zifh Oya'csKd ;azmufjcif;rS
vGI
J if;wd@k . w&m;pD&ifa&;qdik &f m vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;ESiyhf wfouf+yD; ta&;
,lw&m;pGqJ jkd cif; rcHxu
kd af p&?
56
tcef; (9)
EdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;
Citizenship

H m;tcGit
hf a&;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk EdkifiHom;wOD;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if
jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k Y Edik if o H m;wOD; &oif&h xdu
k af om tcGit
hf a&;ESihf uif;
vGwcf iG rhf sm;udk wlnpD mG cHpm;&&Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (147) jynfe,fom;tcGit
hf a&;
Edik if oH m;wOD;onf rdrad e&if;a'ojynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,fwcktwGi;f od@k
ajymif;a&Gaexdik af omudpw P iG f ajymif;a&Gaexdik &f m jynfe,f.Oya'ESihf tnD
omv#if tqdyk g jynfe,f.jynfe,fom;jzpfciG Ehf iS hf rJay;ydik cf iG /hf ta&G;cs,f
cHyikd cf iG u
hf kd &&Sad p&rnf?
H m;tvdt
k avsmufjzpfjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,fwckc. k jynfe,fom;wOD;onf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;jzpfonf?
(c) Edik if oH m;rdbESpOf ;D rS arG;zGm;vmolwikd ;f onf tvdt k avsmuf Edik if o H m;
jzpfonf?
(*) Edik if o
H m;rdbwOD;OD;rS zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w d t f wGi;f Y arG;zGm;
vmolwikd ;f onf tvdt k avsmuf Edik if oH m;jzpfonf?
(C) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' twnfjyKonft h csed wf iG f Edik if o
H m;jzpf+y;D olrsm;
onf tvdt k avsmufEidk if o H m; jzpfonf?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? T yk'rf (148) yk'rf cGJ (C) t& Ekid if oH m;jzpf+yD;olrsm;[kq&kd mwGif
w&m;r0ifaom enf;vrf;wckcu k kd toH;k jyKI Ekid if o
H m;jzpfxm;olrsm; t}uHK;r0if
ap&?
57
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (149) Oya't&Edik if o

H m;jzpfciG hf
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDtcsed w f iG f jrefrmEdik if o
H m;tjzpfrS
&yfpcJ &H olrsm;onf Oya'ESit hf nD Edik if o
H m;jzpfciG hf av#mufxm;vmv#if
Edik if o
H m;tjzpf jyefvnf&&Sad p&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w d jf yifyY Edik if o
H m;rdbwOD;OD;rS arG;zGm;vm
aomuav;onf Edik if o H m;tjzpf av#mufxm;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (150) EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;EdkifiHom;jzpfcGifh
(u) 1948 ckEpS f Zefe0g&v D (4) &ufae@rwdik rf u D yif jrefrmEdik if t
H wGi;f Y
arG;zGm;I tpOfwpdu k af exdik v f mcJah om Edik if jH cm;om;rsm;onf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu jyXmef;xm;aom Oya'/ vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;
ESit hf nD Edik if oH m;jzpfciG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) Edik if jH cm;om;rsm; Edik if o H m;jzpfjcif;ESiyhf wfoufI zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfrS Oya'jyKjyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (151) w+ydKifeufEikd if o
H m;jzpfciG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wOD;onf tjcm;Edik if w
H ck. Edik if o
H m;tjzpf
cH,cl iG &hf o
dS nf? xdo
k @kd cH,jl cif;a=umifh rlvzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;jzpfr_
tvdt k avsmuf qH;k &_;H jcif; r&Sad p&? w+ydKifeufwnf; Edik if o
H m; jzpfciG &hf o
dS nf?
H m;tjzpfraJ y;ydik cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if oH m;wOD;onf rdrad e&if;jynfe,frS tjcm;jynfe,f
wcko@kd vnf;aumif;/ tjcm;Edik if w H cko@kd vnf;aumif; ajymif;a&Gaexdik af omf
vnf; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k ckv;kH ESihf oufqikd af omqENc,
H yl /JG a&G;cs,f
wifajrmufyrJG sm;wGif rJay;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (153) jynfe,fom;tjzpfraJ y;cGi/hf ta&G;cs,cf yH ikd cf iG hf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk Edik if o H m;wOD;onf oufqikd &f m jynfe,fwckcw k iG o
f m
rJay;cGi/hf ta&G;cs,cf yH ikd cf iG u
hf kd usio hf ;kH ydik cf iG &hf o
dS nf? ,if;tcGit
hf a&;udk jynfe,f
wckxufyI kd usiohf ;kH ydik cf iG hf r&Sad p&?
58
yk'rf (154) jynfe,fom;jzpfjcif;

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;. Oya'jyKv$waf wmfrsm;onf
jynfe,fom;jzpfjcif;qdik &f mOya'udk jyXmef;ydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (155) ta0;a&mufEikd if o
H m;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k jyifytjcm;Edik if rH sm;od@k a&muf&adS exdik v
f #u&f adS om
EdkifiHom;rsm;. tcGifhta&;ESifh wm0ef0wW&m;qdkif&mudpP&yfrsm;twGuf
$ af wmfrS Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
59
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (10)
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkumuG,fa&;ESifhvHkjcHKa&;wyfzGJ@rsm;
Federal Defense and Security Services
yk'rf (156) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cKH a&;wyfz@JG rsm;qdik &f m
tajccHrlrsm;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmif
pk.vH+k cHKa&;ESihf jynfov l xl uk kd umuG,af pmifah &Smuf&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf +idr;f csr;f a&;udk xde;f
odr;f &rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;onf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccH
Oya'ukd av;pm;vdu k ef m&rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG 0ifrsm;onf rnfonfEh ikd if aH &;
ygw. D ygw0D ifr# rjzpfap&? rnfonfh Edik if aH &;ygwD (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
vly*k Kd~ vfw@kd . =oZmcH rjzpfap&?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k muG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;qkid &f mwyfz@JG rsm; zG@J pnf;
wm0efay;tyfrw _ iG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0if jynfe,frsm;tm;vH;k
. tcsKd ;usu, kd pf m;jyKr_ &S&d rnf?
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeufuikd w f yfz@JG rsm;twGi;f vlrsK;d / bmom/
tom;ta&mif/ vdifESifh vdifpdwfuGJjym;r_wdk@tay: tajccHIcGJjcm;
qufqjH cif; r&Sad p&?
yk'rf (157) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu
k muG,af &;ESihf vHjk cKH a&;wyfz@JG rsm;
$ af wmfonf jynfaxmifp. k umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHK
a&;qdik &f m udp&P yfrsm;twGuf vdt k yfaom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vufeuf
udik w
f yfz@JG rsm;ESihf trsKd ;om;vH+k cHKa&;qdik &f mtzG@J rsm;udk (T zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccH
Oya'ESit hf nD) Oya'jyXmef;I zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyfEikd o f nf?
yk'rf (158) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k umuG,af &;qdik &f mtajccHr0l g'rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k umuG,af &;qdik &f mtajccHr0l g'rsm;udk zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv $ af wmfu csrw
k w S af y;&rnf?
60

k yfrawmf
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k m; jynfy&efrS umuG,af &;twGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfw&yfukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf.
ppfaoemywdcsKyf jzpfap&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyo f nf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfrS
csrw S xf m;aom jynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. umuG,af &;qdik &f m tajccH
rl0g'rsm;udk wm0efcaH qmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. ae@pOfvyk if ef;qdik &f mudprP sm;onf
umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme. uGyu f rJ a_ tmufwiG f &Sad p&rnf?
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k muG,af &;0ef}uD;tjzpf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmfwiG f vuf&dS wm0efxrf;aqmifaeol rnfo@l urkd # cef@tyfjcif;
r&Sad p&? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk umuG,af &;0ef}uD;onf t&yfbuf
qdik &f myk*Kd~ vf jzpfap&rnf?
k yfrawmfz@JG pnf;jcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmfukd =unf;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfw@kd jzifh
vdt
k yfcsuEf iS t
hf nD zG@J pnf;xm;&S&d rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmf. zG@J pnf;r_qikd &f mOy'udk zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpvk w
$ af wmfu jyXmef;owfrw S &f rnf?
yk'rf (161) t&yfbuftyk cf sKyaf &;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpw k yfrawmfonf rnfonfth csed t
f cgrqdk t&yfbuf
tpd;k &tkycf sKyfa&;atmufwiG f &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (162) ta&;ay:tajctaewGif }u;D =uyfuyG u
f jJ cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaeatmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpok rRwonf
(u) ppfaoemywdcsKyf. tcGit
hf m%mudt
k oH;k jyKjyD; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmftygt0if umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfzrJG sm;udk }uD;=uyf
uGyuf &J rnf?
61
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd rnfonfh umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cKH a&;qdik &f m
wyfzGJ@udkrqdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkvHk+cHKa&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k pd;k &/ oufqidk &f mjynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;wd@k EiS hf nEd id_ ;f +y;D qifah c:cGi/hf
pkpnf;cGi/hf wm0efay;tyfciG /hf &kyo
f rd ;f cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (163) ppfwuUov
kd rf sm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmf. =unf;wyf/ a&wyf/ avwyfw@kd twGuf
oD;jcm;aom ppfwuUov kd rf sm; zG@J pnf;wnfaxmif&rnf? ,if; wuUov
kd rf sm;
wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzGJ@0ifjynfe,frsm;rS tcsdK;uswufa&muf
oif=um;cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (164) ynmay;oifwef;rsm; zGiv
hf pS yf @kd csjcif;
ppfynmoifwef;tqifq h ifw
h iG f ppfbufqikd &f m bmom&yfrsm;tjyif
(u) 'Dru kd a&pDtajccHusiphf OfEiS hf vl@tcGit
hf a&;qdik &f m oabmw&m;rsm;/
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'tygt0if t&yfbuf
tkycf sKyfa&;qdik &f m tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;udyk g xnfo h iG ;f oif=um;
yd@k cs&rnf?
yk'rf (165) ppfrx
_ rf;jcif;qdik &f mOya'
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. t&G,fa&muf+yD;aom EdkifiHom;wdkif; Oya't&
ppfrx
_ rf;&rnf? Edik if o _ rf;a&;qdik &f mOya'udk zuf'&,fjynf
H m;rsm; ppfrx
axmifpvk w$ af wmfrS jyXmefay;&rnf?
yk'rf (166) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk &Jwyfz@JG
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpEk iS o hf ufqikd af om trsKd ;om;vH+k cHKa&;ESihf w&m;
Oya'pd;k rd;k a&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k w J yfz@JG ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif
&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&JwyfzGJ@udk t&yfom;tpdk;& tkyfcsKyfa&;vuf
atmufwiG f xm;&S&d rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k w J yfz@JG ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&eftwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
62
yk'rf (167) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J

(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk vH+k cHKa&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmuf
vSr;f a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J ukd t&yfom; tpd;k &tkycf sKyf
a&;vufatmufwiG f xm;&S&d rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpak xmufvrS ;f a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;xlaxmif&eftwGuf
yk'rf (168) trsK;d om;vH+k cHKa&;aumifpD
trsK;d om;vH+k cKH a&;aumifpu
D kd zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv
k w
$ af wmfu
Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
63
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
tcef; (11)
ta&;ay:tajctae
State of Emergency
yk'rf (169) ta&;ay:tajctae

atmufyg tajctaew&yf&yfwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajc
taeudk a=unmydik cf iG hf &Sod nf?
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,ferd w d u f kd jynfyvufeufuikd w f yfrsm;u wdu k f
cdu
k jf cif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f wdu k cf u kd rf nf[k ckid v
f akH om ta=umif;&Sjd cif;?
(c) +idr;f csr;f a&;ESihf w&m;Oya'pd;k rd;k r_ysujf ym;+yD; trsm;jynfo. l vH+k cHKr_EiS hf
at;csr;f om,mr_ukd odomxif&mS ;pGm +cdr;f ajcmuf/ xdyg;/ ysujf ym;onfh
tajctaeay:aygufjcif;?
(*) obm0ab;tE &W m,fa=umifh }uD;rm;onfh ysupf ;D qH;k &_;H r_rsm;/ xdcu kd rf _
rsm;/ aoqH;k r_rsm;jzpfay: jcif; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f jzpfay:vm&ef cdik v f akH om
ta=umif;&Sjd cif;?
yk'rf (170) ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &rS txufy'k rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) (*) wd@k
twGuf ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmay;&ef awmif;qdkvmv#if
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;
twGujf zpfap/ a'owcktwGujf zpfap/ ta&;ay:tajctae a=unm
ay;&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&rS txufyk'fr (169) yk'frcGJ (c) t&
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmay;&ef awmif ; qd k v mjcif ; jzpf y gu
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkw0Srf;vHk;
twGujf zpfap/ a'owcktwGujf zpfap/ ta&;ay:tajctae a=unm
ay;Ekid o
f nf?
(*) ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmjcif;onf yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) ESihf (c)
yg udp&P yfrsm; twGujf zpfygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf
teD;uyfqHk; jynfol@v$wfawmfyHkrSeftpnf;ta0; (odk@wnf;r[kwf)
jynfo@l vw $ af wmfta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udk ac:,lI wifjytwnfjyK
64
csu&f ,l&rnf? jynfo@l vw$ af wmfu ta&;ay:tajctae a=unmjcif;

udk twnfrjyKygu ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;onf ysujf y,f
ap&rnf?
(C) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf zsuo f rd ;f xm;aomumvtwGi;f ta&;ay:tajc
taea=unmjcif;jzpfygu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf
'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwxHo@kd wifjyI teD;uyfq;kH trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
tpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d om;v$waf wmfta&;ay:tpnf;
ta0;udak c:,lI twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf? trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;udk twnfrjyKygu ta&;ay:tajc
taea=unmjcif;onf ysujf y,fap&rnf?
yk'rf (171) wnf&o
dS nfo
h ufwrf;umv
(u) ta&;ay:tajctaea=ujim+yD;aemuf wnf&&dS rnfh oufwrf;umvudk
ta&;ay: tajctae a=ujim&ef vdt k yfonfh ta=umif;&if;ay:rlwnfI
atmufygtwdik ;f owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
(1) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (3) vtxd owfrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(2) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (1) vtxd oufrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(3) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg jyXmef;csut f & ta&;ay:tajctaeudk
a=ujimjcif;jzpfv#if oufwrf;umvudk (6) vtxd owfrw S Ef ikd f
onf?
(c) ta&;ay:tajctae oufwrf;umvudk xyfro H ufwrf;wd;k jri&hf ef vdk
tyfygu yk'rf (171) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg owfrw S x
f m;onfh umvxuf
rausmv f eG af om wd;k jri rhf w_ ikd ;f udk jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf. oabmwltwnf
jyKcsujf zifoh m wd;k jriEhf ikd o
f nf? tu,fI jynfo@l vw $ af wmf. xuf0uf
ausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKcsurf &&Sv d #if rnfonho f ufwrf;wd;k jcif;udrk #
w&m;0if rjzpfap&?
65
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
(*) jynfo@l vw
$ af wmf zsuo f rd ;f xm;aomumvtwGi;f ta&;ay:tajc
tae oufwrf;umvudk xyfrw H rf;wd;k jri &hf efvt
kd yfygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpk0ef}uD;csKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkorRwxHodk@wifjyI
teD;uyfq;kH trsK;d om;v$waf wmftpnf;ta0; (od@k wnf;r[kw)f trsK;d
om;v$waf wmf ta&;ay:tpnf;ta0;udak c:,lI trsK;d om;v$waf wmf
. xuf0ufausmq f ENrjJ zifh twnfjyKcsuf &,l&rnf? trsK;d om;v$wf
awmfu ta&;ay:tajctaeoufwrf;umu xyfrHwdk;jrifhjcif;udk
twnfrjyKygu ysujf y,fap&rnf?
yk'rf (172) vkyyf ikd cf iG Ehf iS w
hf m0ef
(u) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (u) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf
(1) ppfaoemywdcsKyf. tcGifhtm%mudktoHk;jyK+yD; zuf'&,fjynf
axmifp. k umuG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;udk }uD;=uyfuyG u f J
&rnf?
(2) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k wGi;f &Sd rnfonfu h muG,af &;ESihf vH+k cHKa&;
qdik &f mwyfz@JG urkd qdk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k +kH cHKa&;twGuf zuf
'&,fjynfaxmifpk tpd;k &tzG@J / oufqidk &f m jynfe,ftpd;k &wd@k EiS hf
ndEd_if;+yD; qifhac:cGifh/ pkpnf;cGifh/ wm0efay;tyfcGifh/ &kyfodrf;cGifh
&Sad p&rnf?
(c) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf jynfe,fv+kH cHKa&;wyf
rsm;udk pkpnf;toHk;csjcif;/ jynfe,ftpdk;&rsm;odk@ !$ef=um;csufrsm;
xkwjf yefjcif;wd@k ukd jyKydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) yk'rf (169) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctae
atmufwiG f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &onf
(1) jynfe,f vHjk cHKa&;wyfrsm;udk pkpnf;toH;k csjcif;/ jynfe,ftpd;k &rsm;
od@k !$e=f um;csurf sm; xkwjf yefjcif;wd@k ukd jyKydik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(2) jynfe,fv+kH cHKa&;wyfz@JG rsm;ESihf vHak vmufjcif; r&Srd o S mv#if zuf'
&,fjynfaxmifpk wyfrawmfukd tuef@towfjzifh toH;k jyKap&rnf?
66
(C) ta&;ay:tajctaeumvtwGif; zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&.

aqmif&u
G cf surf eS o
f r#ukd teD;uyfq;kH jynfo@l vw
$ af wmfEiS hf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfo@kd wifjytpD&ifc&H rnf?
k ajccHOya't&pDppfjcif;
TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya't& tm%mtyfEiS ;f xm;aom zG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'
qdik &f mw&m;&H;k onf
(u) ta&;ay:tajctaew&yfa=unmjcif;
(c) ta&;ay:tajctae. oufwrf;umvwd;k jrijhf cif;
(*) ta&;ay:tajctaew&yf a=unmjcif;a=umifh jyXmef;xm;aomOya'
od@k wnf;r[kwf tjcm;vkyaf qmifrw _ &yfonf TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'yg
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf nD!w
G jf cif;&Srd &Su
d kd pDppfq;kH jzwfEikd o
f nf?
yk'rf (174) ta&;ay:tajctaeumvtwGi;f w&m;pD&ifa&;
rnfo@kd aom ta&;ay: tajctaeatmufwiG rf qdk w&m;pD&ifa&;tm%m
f m wnf&&dS rnf? wnfqOJ ya'ESit
onf w&m;&H;k rsm;wGio hf nD cef@tyfxm;
aom w&m;ol}uD;rsm;uom w&m;pD&if&rnf?
yk'rf (175) &kyo
f rd ;f ydik cf iG rhf &Sad omtajccHtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k ta&;ay:tajctaew&yf a=unmjcif;. tusKd ;
qufa=umifh jyXmef;aomOya' (od@k wnf;r[kw)f rnfonfv h yk af qmifru
_ r#
tcef; (2) yk'rf (11) ESihf (12) yg tcGithf a&;rsm;tygt0if Edik if o H m;wOD;.
vl@*%
k o
f ud mQ ESihf touf&iS &f yfwnfyikd cf iG w
hf @kd ukd rxdcu
kd af p&?
yk'rf (176) ta&;ay:umvtwGi;f Oya'jyXmef;csuf
ta&;ay:tajctaea=unmjcif;. aemufqufwaJG =umifh vly*k Kd~ vfEiS hf ywf
oufIjzpfap/ ypPn;f ydik qf ikd rf _ ESiyhf wfoufIjzpfap/ yk'rf (175) yg &kyo f rd ;f ydik f
cGirhf &Sad om tajccHtcGithf a&;rsm;rSvI J$ rnfonft h cGithf a&;ESihf uef@owf
csurf sm;twGurf qdk vdt k yfaomOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfrS
Oya'jyKjyXmef;ay;&rnf?
67
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (177) ta&;ay:tajctae+yD;qHk;jcif;

(u) owfrSwfxm;onfh ta&;ay:tajctaeoufwrf;umv tvdk
tavsmufuek q f ;kH v#ijf zpfap/ orRwrS &kyo
f rd ;f v#ijf zpfap/ v$waf wmf
w&yf&yfrS twnfrjyKv#ijf zpfap ta&;ay:tajctae oufwrf;umv
+yD;qH;k ap&rnf?
(c) ta&;ay: oufwrf;umv +yD;qH;k a=umif;udk w&m;0ifEikd if aH wmfjyefwrf;
jzifh xkwjf yefa=ujim&rnf?
68
tcef; (12)
taxGaxGjyXmef;csufrsm;
General Provision

k vHawmf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k tvHawmfrmS
k q
H yd f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k jynfaxmifpw
k q
H yd rf mS
yk'rf (180) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp&k ;kH wqdyf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k &H;k wHqyd rf mS
k cD si;f
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp.
k jynfaxmifpo
k cD si;f rSm
yk'rf (182) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp+k rdKawmf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k +rdKawmfrmS r[m&efuek jf zpfonf? zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt
k pd;k &tzG@J &H;k pdu
k &f me,fajrudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajr tjzpf
owfrSwfonf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk+rdKawmfe,fajrtwGuf zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (183) &H;k oH;k bmom
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k &H;k oH;k bmomtjzpf ArmbmomESihf t*Fvyd f
bmomudk owfrw S of nf?
(c) jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0if jynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk.
&H;k oH;k bmomtjyif ,if;jynfe,f. trsK;d om;bmomudv k nf; &H;k oH;k
bmomtjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
69
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (184) usr;f opPmused q

f jkd cif;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
(u) orRw
(c) 0ef}uD;csKyf
(*) tpd;k &tzG@J 0if 0ef}uD;rsm;
(C) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk a&SaecsKyf
(i) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk w&m;v$waf wmfcsKyf w&m;ol}uD;rsm;
(p) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk pm&if;ppfcsKyf
wd@k onf rdrw d @kd tm; a&G;cs,cf ef@tyfwm0efay;jcif; twnfjyK+yD;onfEiS hf
w+yKd ifeuf owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom usr;f used v
f m$ twdik ;f oufqikd &f m
ae&mXmersm;wGif rqdik ;f rwG usr;f opPmused q f &kd rnf?
yk'rf (185) aumfr&Sif
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k wG af wmfonf atmufyg vGyv f yfaomaumfr&Sif
rsm;udk zG@J pnf;Edik &f ef Oya'rsm; jyXmef;&rnf?
(1) vl@tcGiahf &;aumfr&Sif
(2) usm;-r wef;wlnrD #a&;aumfr&Sif
(3) t*wdvu kd pf m;r_ pHpk rf;wdu k zf suaf &;aumfr&Sif
(4) jynfaxmifp0k efxrf;a&;&maumfr&Sif
(5) a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
(6) obm0ywf0ef;usix f rd ;f odr;f a&;aumfr&Sif
(7) uav;tcGit hf a&;umuG,af &;aumfr&Sif
(8) vlenf;pktcGit hf a&; umuG,af &;aumfr&Sif
(c) txufygaumfr&Sirf sm;. xrf;aqmif&rnfw h m0efrsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w $ af wmfu Oya'jyXmef;&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfonf txufyg aumfr&Sirf sm;tjyif vdk
tyfaom aumfr&Sirf sm;udk zG@J pnf;wm0efay;tyfEidk o f nf?
yk'rf (186) vl@tcGiafh &;aumfr&Sif
(u) trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu a&G;cs,t
f rnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vf (11)
OD;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfu vufcHtwnfjyK+yD;ygu
70
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo k rRwonf vl@tcGit hf a&;aumfr&Sif tzG@J 0ifrsm;

tjzpf cef@tyfwm0efay;tyf&rnf?
(c) xkad umfr&Sio
f nf rdr.
d oabmqENtavsmufaomfvnf;aumif;/ wkid f
wef;csuf vufc&H &Sad omtcgwiG af omfvnf;aumif;/ vl@tcGiahf &;csKd ;
azmufrr_ sm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG pHpk rf;ppfaq;Edik cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(*) vl@tcGifha&;aumfr&Sifonf rdrdaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ukd zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w$ af wmfo@dk tpD&ifcH wifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (187) a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif
trsK;d om;v$waf wmfu a&G;cs,f trnfpm&if;wifoiG ;f aom yk*Kd~ vf (11) OD;udk
$ af wmfu vufct H wnfjyK+yD;ygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpo k rRwonf a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif tzG@J 0ifrsm;tjzpf cef@tyfwm0ef
ay;tyf&rnf?
yk'rf (188) trSew
f &m;azmfxw
k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Sif
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrD umvtawmtwGi;f tm%m
ydik f w&yf&yf. jyKrlaqmif&u G cf suf wpHw k &ma=umifh xdcu kd ef pfemqH;k &_;H r_
cHpm;&aom Edik if o H m;rsm;. epfemcsurf sm;udk pHpk rf;ppfaq;azmfxw k Ef ikd f
&eftwGuf trSew f &m;azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Sif
w&yfukd zG@J pnf;aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(c) trSew f &m;azmfxw k af &;ESihf jyefvnfoifjh rwfa&;aumfr&Si. f zG@J pnf;r_/
oufwrf;umv/ wm0efEiS hf vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu Oya' jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
(*) aumfr&Siu f kd wlnaD om trsK;d om;/ trsK;d orD; ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a&jzifh
zG@J pnf;&rnf?
(C) toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umv epfemcsurf sm;tm; jyefvnfupk m;a&;twGuf
vdt k yfaom vkyaf qmifcsurf sm;udk aqmif&u G Ef ikd &f ef jynfaxmifpv k w$ f
awmfu Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
71
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (189) Edik if w

H umoabmwlncD suEf iS hf pmcsKyfrsm;udpP
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &u oabmwlvufrw S af &;xd;k cJ+h yD; wifjy
vmaom Edik if wH umqdik &f moabmwlncD surf sm;ESihf pyfvsO;f I Oya'
jyK&efvakd om (od@k wnf;r[kw)f Oya'jyK&ef ta=umif;&Sad om Edik if w H um
oabmwlncD suu f kd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu qufvufI
twnfrjyKcJah omf tqdyk goabmwlncD suo f nf twnfrjzpfap&?
¹cGi;f csuf ? ? Tyk'rf cGJ (c) onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk v$waf wmfo@kd wifoiG ;f vm
aom zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &. enf;ynmqdik &f mudp&P yfrsm;ESihf pDrcH ef@ct
JG yk f
csKyfrq _ ikd &f m tpd;k &tcsi;f csi;f oabmwlncD surf sm;ESihf roufqikd af p&?
(c) enf;ynmqdik &f mudp&P yfrsm;ESihf pDrcH ef@ct
JG yk cf sKyfrq
_ ikd &f m udp&P yfrsm; jzpf
rjzpftwnfjyKjcif;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu pdppfq;kH jzwf
&rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfu twnfjyKjyXmef;jcif;rjyKv#if rnf
onfh Edik if w
H umqdik &f m oabmwlncD suu f rkd # zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k
Oya' wpdww f a'o rjzpfap&?
yk'rf (190) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;aumuf,jl cif;
(u) jynfo@l vw $ af wmfonf vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,al &;aumfr&Sif
udk zG@J pnf;wm0ef ay;tyf&rnf?
(c) tenf;qH;k q,fEpS w f }udrf vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,&l rnf?
yk'rf (191) w&m;0ifaiGa=u;ESihf ypPn;f ydik q
f ikd rf q
_ ikd &f mjyXmef;csuf
(u) Edik if aH &;wm0efukd xrf;aqmifaeom yk*Kd~ vfrsm;onf if;wd@k yikd q
f ikd af om
aiGa=u;ESihf ypPn;f OpPmrsm;udk azmfjy&ef wm0ef&adS p&rnf?
(c) txufyg yk'rf cGJ (u) ygjyXmef;csurf sm;ESihf ywfoufI zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpv k w
$ af wmfEiS hf jynfe,fOya'jyKv$waf wmfrsm;rS Oya'jyXmef;
ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (192) pm&if;ppfcsKyf
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpo
k rRwonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp0k ef}u;D csKyfrS tqkjd yK
wifoGif;vmolukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkv$wfawmf. twnfjyKcsufjzifh
72
pm&ifppfcsKyftjzpf cef@tyf&rnf? pm&if;ppfcsKyfonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk

tpd;k &. aiGpm&if;rsm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG ppfaq;ykid cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf? pm&if;ppfaq;
awG@&cdS surf sm;ukd zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pk;d &ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ f
awmfo@kd tpD&ifcw H ifjy&rnf?
yk'rf (193) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpAk [db
k %f
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk aiGa=u;a&;&mukd xde;f csKyfuyG u
f EJ idk &f ef zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfrS jyXmef;aomOya'ESifhtnD vGwfvyfaom
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk A[db k %fwck xlaxmif&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkb%fonf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk. aiGa=u;
wefz;kd rsm;wnf+idrrf _ &Sad pa&;twGuf wm0ef,al qmif&uG &f rnf?
(*) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpb k %fonf wrsK;d wpm;wnf;aom aiGpuULESihf
aiG'*F g;rsm; xkwv
f yk &f rnf?
yk'rf (194) vlxq
k ENazmfxw
k jf cif;
(u) Ekid if o
H m;wdik ;f onf rdr.
d xifjrif,q l csuu f akd omfvnf;aumif;/ t}uH
jyKcsuu f akd omfvnf;aumif;wOD;wnf;jzpfap/ pkaygi;f Ijzpfap pmjzifh
a&;om;I vufrw S af &;xd;k +y;D oufqikd &f mtm%mydik f (od@k wnf;r[kw)f
v$waf wmfw&yf&yfo@kd wifoiG ;f cGi&hf o dS nf?
(c) txufy'k rf cGJ (u) ESihf pyfvsO;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
Oya'jyXmef;ay;&rnf?
yk'rf (195) Xmaeajr,m (Native Title) owfrw
S jf cif;
(u) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk tzG@J 0ifjynfe,ftoD;oD;wGif aexdik =f uaom
Xmaewdik ;f &if;om; vlenf;pkrsm;. rd&;kd zvm aexdik yf ikd q f ikd cf =hJ uonfh
e,fajrudjk zpfap/ e,fajr. wpdyw f ydik ;f udjk zpfap tqdyk g wdik ;f &if;om;
vlenf;pk. Xmaeajr,mtjzpf owfrw S Ef ikd o
f nf?
(c) Xmaeajr,mowfrw S jf cif;udk oufqikd &f mjynfe,fvw $ af wmf. Oya'
jyXmef;csurf sm;ESit
hf nD owfrw S &f rnf?
73
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (196) w&m;cHvaJ$ jymif;ay;tyfjcif;

jynfe,fwcktwGi;f jypfru _ sL;vGe+f yD;aemuf tjcm;jynfe,fwcko@kd xGuaf jy;
a&muf&odS mG ;aom w&m;cHwOD;tm; zrf;qD;&rdxm;aom jynfe,ftpd;k &xHrS
oufqikd &f mjynfe,ftpd;k &u rdrjd ynfe,fo@kd v$aJ jymif;ay;tyf&ef awmif;qdk
vmygu w&m;cHtm; v$aJ jymif;ay;tyf&rnf?
od@k &mwGif xdo
k @kd v$aJ jymif;ay;tyfap&efupd u
P kd zrf;qD;&rdxm;aom jynfe,f
tpd;k &tm; twif;t=uyfjyKrljcif; r&Sad p&?
74
tcef; (13)
toGiful;ajymif;a&;umvqdkif&mjyXmef;csufrsm;
Transitional Provisions
yk'rf (197) wnfqOJ ya'rsm;

(u) wnfqOJ ya'/ enf;Oya'rsm;onf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w
$ af wmfu
y,fzsujf cif;/ jyifqifjcif; rjyKao;rD TzG@J pnf;ykt
H ajccHOya'ESihf rqef@
usio
f r# twnfjzpfonf?
(c) wnfqpJ nf;rsO;f Oya'/ pnf;urf;Oya'/ trde@f a=ujimcsurf sm;/ !$e=f um;
csufrsm;ESifh vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktpdk;&u
y,fzsujf cif;/ jyifqifjcif; rjyKao;rD TzG@J pnf;yHtk ajccHOya'ESihf rqef@
usiof r# twnfjzpfonf?
yk'rf (198) wnfqw
J &m;¶H;k rsm;
h ifah om w&m;¶H;k rsm;onf Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;yHt
tqifq k ajccH
Oya't& w&m;a&;pepfw&yf zG@J pnf;ay:ayguo f nftxd w&m;pD&ifyikd cf iG hf
tm%mrsm;udk qufvufusio hf ;kH cGihf &Sad p&rnf?
yk'rf (199) 0efxrf;rsm;
k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDu wm0efxrf;
Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk zG@J pnf;yHt
aqmifv#u&f =dS uaom tpd;k &tr_xrf;tm;vH;k onf rlv&mxl;wm0efrsm;
twdik ;f qufvuf tr_xrf;aqmifap&rnf?
yk'rf (200) Edik if w
H umESichf sKyfqx
kd m;aom pmcsKyf/ pmwrf;rsm;
(u) Ekid if w
H umOya'rsm;ESit hf nD oabmwlcsKyfqx kd m;aom Ekid if w H um
oabmwlncD surf sm;/ pmcsKypf mwrf;rsm;rSty Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
zG@J pnf;yHt
k ajccHOya' twnfrjyKrDu jrefrmEdik if t H pd;k & yg0ifcsKyfqckd ahJ om
pmcsKyrf sm;ESiphf yfvsO;f I zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &rS jyefvnfo;kH oyf+y;D
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfo@kd wifjy&rnf?
(c) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w $ af wmfu xyfrt H wnfjyKaom pmcsKyfpmwrf;
rsm;omv#if qufvuftwnfjzpfap&rnf?
75
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
yk'rf (201) vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;aumuf,jl cif;

toGiu f ;l ajymif;a&;umvtwGi;f vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if; aumuf,al &;
vkyif ef;udk tjrefq;kH aqmif&u
G Ef ikd af &;twGuf ,m,D vlO;D a&oef;acgipf m&if;
aumuf,al &; aumfr&Siw f &yf zG@J pnf;+yD; aqmif&u
G af p&rnf?
yk'rf (202) jynfe,frsm;/ ud,
k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKycf iG &hf a'orsm;/ trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm;
ESihf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpek ,fajrrsm;zG@J pnf;jcif;
(u) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tcef; (3) yk'rf (48) ESihf (49) t& trsK;d om;
jynfe,frsm;/ trsKd;om;rsm;jynfe,frsm;/ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpke,f
ajrrsm;jzifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpu k kd zG@J pnf;Edik af &;twGuf zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpt k wGi;f &Sd wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf nEd id_ ;f aqmif&u G f
&rnf?
(c) TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' tcef; (3) yk'rf (53) t& ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyfciG &hf
a'orsm;ESihf trsK;d om;e,fajrrsm; zG@J pnf;Edik af &;twGuf oufqidk &f m
jynfe,frsm;twGi;f aexdik =f uaomwdik ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;toD;oD;wd@k onf
nEd id_ ;f aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(*) wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d toD;oD;wd@k . qENoabmxm;trSeu f kd azmfxw k &f ,l
Edik &f eftwGuf vdt k yfaoma'orsm;wGif pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;tzG@J ukd zG@J pnf;
wm0efay;tyfI aqmif&u G &f rnf?
(C) tqdyk g e,fajra'otwGi;f &Sd oufqikd &f mjynfov l x
l .k qENoabm
xm;udk aumuf,+l yD; jynfot l rsm;pk. qENEiS t hf nD e,ferd w d yf ikd ;f jcm;
owfrw S of nft h wkid ;f trsK;d om;jynfe,frsm;/ trsK;d om;rsm;jynfe,frsm;
pm&if;udk Tzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpzk @JG pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'wGif xnfo h iG ;f
jyXmef;&rnf?
76
tcef; (14)
zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'tm;jyifqifjcif;
Amendment of Constitution

k ajccHOya'tm; jyifqifyikd cf iG hf
(u) twdtusjyXmef;owfrw S af om Oya'jzihjf zpfap/ jyXmef;csuu f kd jznfh
pGujf cif;jzihjf zpfap/ TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmfu jyifqifEikd cf iG hf &Sad p&rnf?
(c) atmufazmfjyyg jyXmef;csurf sm;tm; jyifqif&efjzpfygu zuf'&,fjynf
axmifpkwckvHk;twdkif;twmjzifh vlxkqENcH,lyGJ jyKvkyf+yD;rSomv#if
jyifqifciG &hf adS p&rnf?
(1) yk'rf (1) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k trnfEiS hf
oufqikd o f nfu h pd /P
(2) yk'rf (2) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh jynfe,frsm;. Edik if aH &;tm%mESihf
(3) yk'rf (5) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k tcsKyf
tjcmtm%mudp/P
(4) yk'rf (8) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifp. k e,ferd w d Ef iS hf
(5) yk'rf (9) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh ygwpD 'kH rD u kd a&pDpepfukd ajymif;vJjcif;
udp/P
(6) yk'rf (48) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpktzG@J 0if
jynfe,frsm;udp/P
(7) yk'rf (60) wGif jyXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k wG af wmf
zG@J pnf;r_upd /P
(8) yk'rf (121) (u) wGijf yXmef;xm;onfh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &
zG@J pnf;r_upd ?P
(*) txuf yk'rf cGJ (c) wGif twdtus owfrw S jf yXmef;xm;aom jyXmef;csuf
rsm;ESihf t}uHK;r0ifaom jyXmef;csurf sm;udk jyifqif&efjzpfygu zuf'&,f
jynfaxmifpkv$wfawmfonf jynfaxmifpktzGJ@0ifjynfe,ftm;vHk;.
oH;k yHEk pS yf kH axmufcrH j_ zifh jyifqifEidk cf iG &hf adS p&rnf?
77
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)

k ajccHOya'jyifqifrt
_ wnfjzpfjcif;
TzG@J pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'udk jyifqifonfh Oya'=urf;tm; atmufygenf;vrf;
twdik ;f aqmif&u G jf cif;jzihf twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(1) v$waf wmfw&yf&yfwiG f ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tenf;qH;k oH;k yHw k yHk axmufcH
r_jzihf trsK;d om;v$waf wmf (od@k r[kw)f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfuaomfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfe,frsm;onf trsK;d om;v$waf wmfuwqifah omfvnf;
aumif;/ jynfov l x l o k nf oufqikd &f m jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f
rsm;uwqifh aomfvnf;aumif; jyifqifcsufOya'rl=urf;udk pwif
tqdjk yK wifoiG ;f Edik o f nf?
(2) jyifqifcsuf Oya'rl=urf;udk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,frsm;/
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESifh tjcm;v$waf wmfw&yfo@kd ta=umif;
=um;today;&rnf?
(3) zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k pd;k &ESifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,f
rsm;onf jyifqif&eftqdjk yKcsuu f kd vufc&H &S+d yD;aemuf if;wd@k .oabm
xm;rsm;udk (45) &uftwGi;f zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpv k w$ af wmfo@kd jyef
vnfay;yd@k &rnf?
(4) yk'rf (203) yk'rf cGJ (c) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$wfawmf. v$wfawmfw&yfpDwGif udk,fpm;vS,fOD;a& tenf;qHk;
oH;k yHEk pS yf .
kH axmufcrH &_ &Sv d #if jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;ok@d qufvuf
ay;yd@k &rnf? zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0if jynfe,ftm;vH;k . oH;k yHEk pS yf kH
axmufcrH _ &&Syd gu vlxq k EN cH,yl u JG kd usi;f y&rnf? vlxq k ENc, H yl w
JG iG f
jynfov l x l k axmufcq H ENrJ xuf0ufausm&f &Syd gu Oya'=urf;onf
twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(5) yk'rf (203) yk'rf cGJ (*) yg jyXmef;csurf sm;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk
v$waf wmf. v$waf wmfw&yfpw D iG f ud, k pf m;vS,Of ;D a& tenf;qH;k oH;k yHk
ESpyf kH axmufcrH &_ &Sv d #if jynfe,fvw $ af wmfrsm;od@k qufvufay;yd@k +yD;
zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpt k zG@J 0ifjynfe,ftm;vH;k . oH;k yHEk pS yf kH axmufcrH u _ kd
&&Syd gu Oya'=urf;onf twnfjzpfap&rnf?
(6) txufyg tyd'k cf JG (4) ESihf (5) t& twnfjyK+yD;aom Oya'=urf;udk
yk'rf (114) tyk'cf JG (É) ygtwdik ;f qufvufaqmif&u G &f rnf?
78
The Constitution of the Federal
Republic of the Union of Burma
(Second Draft)
Federal Constitution Drafting and

Coordinating Committee
(FCDCC)
(Adopted on 12 February 2008)

Contents
Preamble .............................................................................................. 83
Chapter (1) Form of the Federal Union .................................. 85
Chapter (2) Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties ................. 87
Chapter (3) Member States of the Federal Union ................. 96
Chapter (4) Assembly of the Federal Union .......................... 100
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representative
Chapter (5) Federal Legislation .................................................. 111
Chapter (6) Federal President ..................................................... 117
Chapter (7) Federal Government ............................................... 122
Chapter (8) Federal Judiciary .................................................... 126
Chapter (9) Citizenship ............................................................... 130
Chapter (10)Federal Defense and Security Services ............... 132
Chapter (11)State of Emergency ................................................. 135
Chapter (12)General Provisions ................................................. 139
Chapter (13)Transitional Provisions ......................................... 144
Chapter (14)Amendments of Constitution ............................... 146
PREAMBLE
We the peoples of the Federal Republic of the Union of
Burma, with complete faith in the universal principles of
freedom, equality and justice, do hereby adopt this Constitution
for the Federal Republic of the Union of Burma in order to
establish a multi-national country that is peaceful, prosperous,
and enduring.
In the land of this Federal Union, many different nationalities
have lived, each with their own sovereignty and independence,
ever since ancient times. Although each nationality lived
independently for most of its history, they all fell under the long
occupation and servitude of the British colonialists. In order to
regain its own freedom more quickly, each nationality joined
with the others so as to obtain independence from the colonial
power together, and they thus formed a Federal Union at the
Panglong Conference in the year 1947.
The Conference unanimously adopted the Panglong
Agreement which guaranteed ethnic equality, self-determination,
and democratic rights. Although the Agreement promised that
the new states of the union could govern themselves, those in
power failed to implement the Agreement. Civil war ensued
for more than half a century, during which countless lives were
sacrificed and natural resources wasted. Since 1962, the peoples
of Burma have suffered under a series of dictatorial regimes
with different names but a common history of denying
democratic rights, human rights, and the rights of self-
determination for ethnic nationalities who joined the Union as
equal partners in 1947. We shall never forget the heart-breaking
experiences that the people of the Federal Union have had to
endure.
In order to prevent a recurrence of the mistakes of the past
and to realize the future aspirations of all our peoples, we based
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k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
this Constitution on the fundamental principles of political

equality for all ethnic nationalities, the rights of self-determination
for all member states of the Federal Union,and the democratic
rights for all citizens. This Constitution further provides guarantees
for human rights and gender equality; minority rights for all
religious and ethnic groups; and the separation of politics and
religion. In order to prevent the recurrence of military
dictatorship, this Constitution enshrines civilian control of the
armed forces.
We establish this Constitution so as to secure the blessings
of liberty to ourselves and future generations. Banishing all the
past outrages, shattering the dark, shining the light, and establishing
the dignity of the Federal Union among the family of nations,
this Constitution shall become the highest law of the Federal
Republic of the Union of Burma.
84
Chapter (1)
Form of the Federal Union
Article 1. Name of Federal Republic of the Union of

Burma
The Federal Republic of the Union of the Burma is an

independent, sovereign and democratic State. It shall be known
as the Federal Republic of the Union of Burma.
Article 2. Composition
The Federal Union shall be composed of States with full rights

of self-determination and having equal political powers vested
in by this Constitution.
Article 3. Owner of Sovereign Power
The Sovereign Power of the Federal Union belongs to the citizens.
Article 4. Exercise of Sovereign Powers
(A) The peoples representatives, elected by secret vote in regular,

free and fair general elections, shall exercise the sovereign
power, as provided for by this Constitution.
(B) The Assembly of Federal Union, the Federal Government,
the Federal Supreme Court and Courts formed in accordance
with this constitution shall exercise the sovereign power of
the Federal Union.
Article 5. Separation of Powers
(A) The three main pillars of sovereign power - the legislative,

the executive and the judicial - shall be exercised in separation
and there shall be a system of checks and balances among
the three branches.
(B) The Federal Assembly, the Federal Government, and the
Federal Supreme Court and its subordinate courts,
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d rl-urf;)
established in accordance with this Constitution, shall exercise

the sovereign power of the Federal Union.
The Federal Union and the Member States shall allocate and
exercise the powers, in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 7. Secular State
(A) The Federal Union shall not mix religion and politics, and
shall be a secular State.
(B) No religion shall be instituted as the State religion.
Article 8. Territory
The territory comprising of land, water, and air masses of the

Federal Union, shall be as it stands on the day this Constitution is
adopted and promulgated. The territory of the Federal Union
shall not be altered without the approval of all the member
States.
Article 9. Political System
(A) The political system of the Federal Union shall be a multiparty

democratic system.
(B) Political parties may be freely established in accordance with
basic democratic principles and practices.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law (a statute) relating to
political parties.
Article 10. Supreme Law
This Constitution shall be the Supreme Law of the Federal Union.
86
Chapter (2)
Bill of Rights, Guarantees and Duties
Fundamental Rights
Article 11. Individual Rights
Every person living in the Federal Union:
(A) Shall have the right to life;
(B) Shall be equal before the law irrespective of differences with
regard to ethnicity, native birthplace, religion, skin color, social
status, age, gender and sexual orientation;
(C) Shall have freedom of thought and belief;
(D) Shall have the right to be legally recognized as a human being
and shall have the right to acquire respect and protection
for his/her human dignity.
Article 12. Basic Freedom
No person living in the Federal Union:

(A) Shall be enslaved;
(B) Shall be subjected to forced labor;
(C) Shall be subjected to torture, sexual mistreatment, or cruel,
inhuman, and degrading treatment.
Article 13. Irrevocable Rights
The rights contained in Articles 11 and 12 shall not be suspended

or revoked under any circumstances.
Article 14. Rights of Expression and Conscience
In accordance with laws enacted by the Federal Assembly, every

person living in the Federal Union shall have:
(A) The right to freely express, publish and have access to and
disseminate information;
(B) The right to freely worship and perform religious rites and
traditions;
(C) The right to freely assemble and demonstrate peacefully;
(D) The right to seek political asylum;
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d rl-urf;)
(E) The Federal Assembly shall have the power to enact laws to
limit exercise of the rights specified in this Article insofar as
the exercise of these rights contravenes democratic principles
and practices, endangers public health, or corrupts public
morality.
Article 15. Privacy Rights
Every person living in the Federal Union shall be secure from:
(A) Unlawful interference of privacy of his or her own home,

family and correspondence including intrusion on his or her
personal freedom and injury to his or her dignity and
reputation;
(B) Illegal search of person and premises, and seizure of his or
her property.
Article 16. Gender Equality
Gender equality shall be guaranteed in the political, economic,

social and cultural fields, and in the family.
Article 17. Rights to Citizenship
Every person living within the Federal Union shall have the right
to apply for citizenship as prescribed by the federal law.
Civil and Political Rights

Article 18. Freedom of Movement
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to travel
freely anywhere in the Federal Union.
Article 19. Freedom to Travel Abroad and Reenter
Every citizen of Federal Union shall have the right to leave and
return to the Federal Union.
88
Article 20. Rights to Marry
(A) Every person at the age of majority shall have the right to
marry in accordance with his or her free will, without
discrimination based on race, religion, or social status.
(B) Marriage shall not automatically affect the persons right to
choose the religion or nationality. The matter shall be in
accordance with the persons own free will.
Article 21. Political Rights
Every citizen at the age of majority shall have the right:

(A) To participate in the conduct of political affairs, directly or
through freely elected representatives;
(B) To vote and to stand for election in free and fair regular
general elections or by-elections, in which voting is direct
and by secret ballot, in order to guarantee the expression of
free will.
Article 22. Freedom of Association
Every citizen of the Federal Union:

(A) Shall have the right freely to form, join, and participate in
organizations, associations, and unions in accordance with
the Federal law;
(B) Shall not be forced to participate in any organization,
association, or union.
Article 23. Arrest and Detention
(A) No person in the Federal Union shall be arrested, detained,

or held as a suspect on the basis of mere suspicion.
(B) Every person arrested or detained shall be treated with the
respect due to a human being and human dignity.
(C) Every person arrested without a warrant shall not be
detained for more than twenty four hours. If there are
sufficient grounds to detain a person for more than twenty
four hours, the matter shall be submitted before a competent
court and the person shall be further detained only under
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d rl-urf;)
the detention order of a judge in accordance with the existing

laws.
Article 24. Criminal Charge
(A) Every person charged with a criminal offense shall have the
right:
(1) To be informed without unreasonable delay of the
charge and alleged specific offense;
(2) To be tried within a reasonable time;
(3) Not to be compelled to be a witness to the offence;
(4) To defense to the fullest extent in accordance with the
law;
(5) To employ or be provided with an attorney for his or
her defense;
(6) To be tried in a language which he or she understands
or, failing this, to have the proceeding interpreted to
him or her.
(B) All the court hearings and trials shall be open to the public.
Article 25. Trial and Penalty
(A) No person shall be tried for an offense except under the

laws existing at the time of the offense.
(B) No penalty degrading to the human dignity of the individual
shall be imposed.
(C) A person acquitted of an offense shall not be retried for the
same offense.
(D) No person shall be punished for the same act more than
once.
(E) No person shall be punished for action that was not violation
of a law at the time that it was committed.
90
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and Duties

Article 26. Property Rights
(A) Every citizen shall have the right to own, transfer and dispose
of, property legally acquired, and the right of inheritance in
accordance with the law.
(B) These rights shall only be revoked or restricted for the benefit
of the public at large, in accordance with the law. The private
and public interests must be balanced, and the revocation
of private rights shall be made only after awarding proper
and adequate compensation.
Article 27. Right to Work
Every citizen shall have the right to work and the freedom to
choose his or her occupation without discrimination on the
ground of birthplace, religion, class or social status, gender, color,
race or ethnicity or age.
Article 28. Rights to Pursue a Living
(A) In order to freely pursue a living, every citizen shall have the
right freely to establish a business enterprises and business
association.
(B) The exercise of the rights specified in Paragraph (A) above,
shall not harm the Federal economic policies and plans,
national security, the public interest, and public health.
Article 29. Rights to Invention and Intellectual Property
Every citizen shall enjoy the freedom to engage in creative work

and to establish the right to intellectual property in accordance
with the law.
Article 30. Rights to Own Traditional Inheritance
A community concerned shall have the right to maintain for

posterity, own, use, manage and hand down the heritages relating
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to tradition, culture, skills and knowledge belonging specifically

to it through customary and traditional practices.
Every citizen leaving its own State for residence or occupational

activities in another State shall be in accordance with the laws of
the receiving State concerned.
Article 32. Rights to Education
Every Citizen of the Federal Union shall:

(A) Have the right freely to pursue an education;
(B) Have the right freely to choose his or her desired subject,
vocational course and higher education;
(C) Have the right to have a mandatory free basic education.
Article 33. Rights to Establish Academic Institutions
The right to establish private schools, universities, colleges, science

and professional institutions, pursuant to law, shall be guaranteed.
Article 34. Rights to Health
(A) Every citizen has the right to receive basic health services
and protection free of charge.
(B) The federal government shall provide health, accident, and
life insurance and an adequate social welfare scheme.
(C) Every citizen has the right to health care in relation to his her
reproduction matters.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating
to reproduction matters contained in Article 34 (C).
Article 35. Cultural Rights
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to freely
develop and promote the culture, customs and tradition of his/
her own nationality in accordance with this Constitution.
92
Article 36. Languages of Ethnic Nationalities
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to freely
speak and learn the language of his/her own nationality, and
shall have the right to develop and promote his /her language
and literature.
Affirmative Action Rights and General Principles

Article 37. Reserved Gender Equality
To ensure gender equality, at least 30 percent of the seats at all

levels of legislation of the Federal Union shall be reserved for
women.
Article 38. Rights of the Children
(A) Every child shall have the right to protection and care in
his/her status as a minor, and shall be entitled to assistance
and care from the society as a whole.
(B) Children shall not be separated from their families without
the consent of their parents or guardians. The care and
upbringing of a child are the natural right of the parents.
The children may be separated from their family pursuant
to a law, in the case where the parents or guardians have
failed their responsibilities or where the children may, for
some reason, fall into negligence.
(C) Children shall be protected from commercial and social
exploitation. They shall be protected from work that may
impair their health, endanger their lives and harm their
physical or moral growth.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating
to childrens rights.
Article 39. Workers Rights
(A) To live a life in consonant with human dignity, every worker

shall have the right to:
(1) decent working conditions;
93
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d rl-urf;)
(2)social security;
(3)appropriate working hours;
(4)holidays and regular leaves;
(5)freedom to form Workers Unions and conduct
organizing activities
(B) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall make laws relating
to workers rights.
Article 40. Farmers Rights
Every farmer shall have the rights to:

(1) Freely grow, sell, and produce crops;
(2) Pay taxes in cash;
(3) Freely form farmers unions.
Article 41. Protection of Equal Rights
Special arrangements made and measures taken by the Assembly

of the Federal Union through enactment of laws to protect and
promote the under-developed nationalities, the disadvantaged
communities with low capacity and the traditionally backward
and neglected citizen groups/communities, shall not be hampered
by the provisions espousing equal opportunities for all citizens.
General Principles
Article 42. Environmental Rights
(A) In addition to having the right to be free from the wretched

troubles resulting from environmental damage, every citizen
of the Federal Union shall have the right to have an
environment conducive to health and in harmony with nature.
(B) In addition to recognizing the contribution made by the
indigenous and minority peoples towards the protection and
conservation of environment, the Federal Government shall
prohibit excessive exploitation and production of natural
resources that may damage the environment in their
settlement areas.
94
Article 43. Protection by Human Rights Commission
Any person whose human rights are violated shall have the right
to protection by the Human Rights Commission.
Article 44. Recourse to Constitutional Protection
(A) When necessary, every person shall have the right to apply
to the Supreme Court for receiving protection of the
Constitution.
(B) This right shall not be suspended under any circumstances.
Article 45. Protection by the Federal Union
Every citizen shall be entitled to petition the Federal Government

for protection inside or outside the country.
Article 46. International Covenants
The courts shall have the right to directly refer to or apply the
international covenants ratified by the Federal Union.
Article 47. Duties
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall bear the duties:

(A) To protect the Federal Union; and
(B) To respect, maintain and protect the Constitution of the
Federal Union.
95
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Chapter (3)
Member States of the Federal Union
Article 48. Member States of the Federal Union
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the full
rights to self-determination in accordance with this
Constitution.
(B) The Federal Union shall be composed of National States,
Nationalities States and Federal Territories.
Article 49. Member States of the Federal Union and

Federal Territories
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union:
The National States and Nationalities States are;

(1) Kachin National State
(2) Karen National State
(3) Karenni National State
(4) Chin National State
(5) Bama National State
(6) Mon National State
(7) Tenasserim Nationalities State
(8) Arakan National State
(9) Shan National State
(10) Irrawaddy Nationalities State
(11) .
(12) . . . . . . . .
(B) The Federal Territories:
The Federal Territories of the Federal Union are;

(1) Federal Capital
(2) . . . . . . . .
96
Article 50. Constitutions of the Member States
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the right to
draft and enact their respective State Constitutions, in accordance
Article 51. Powers of the Member States
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have the right to
exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers, in accordance
Article 52. Exercise of Residual Powers
The Member States of the Federal Union shall have all the powers
except those exclusively delegated to the Federal Union and those
prohibited to the States by this Constitution.
Article 53. Rights of Indigenous Ethnic Minorities
(A) The rights of indigenous ethnic minorities within member

States of the Federal Union shall be safeguarded.
(B) In order to protect the rights of the minorities, the
Constitutions of the States shall designate and provide for
autonomous regions, national areas and special territories,
as necessary.
(C) Nationalities that have not obtained the status of a National
State have the right to seek the formation of an autonomous
region or a national area within the state or states they reside.
(D) If 50,000 resident citizens of a State demand, by signatures,
for designation of an autonomous region or if 5,000 resident
citizens in the respective area demand, by signatures, for
designation of national areas and federal special regions, the
respective State Legislature shall decide the question by a
majority vote.
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Article 54. States Armed Forces
(A) The Member States of the Federal Union may establish a

State police force, the membership of which shall not exceed
(0.2) % of the respective States population.
(B) In accordance with the law enacted by the Federal Assembly,
Member States of the Federal Union may establish a State
security force, the membership of which shall not exceed
(0.1) % of the respective States population.
(C) If, because of special circumstances, there is a need for the
expansion of the State Police and State Security Forces
beyond the strength allowed under Sub-article (A) and (B),
a State may seek permission from the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
Article 55. Right to Form New States
New States of the Federal Union may be formed from a

continuous land area within an existing State or by the
combination of continuous regions of two or more adjacent
States.
Article 56. Provisions for Formation of New States
Formation of new Member States of the Federal Union shall

be in accordance with the following provisions.
(A) With the support of 30 percent of the population of an

area desiring to form a new Member State of the Federal
Union, on the basis of having their own distinct geographical
area and history, the proposal for forming a new state shall
be submitted to the legislature or legislatures of the respective
State or States.
B) The Proposal to form a new state shall be submitted to the
Federal Chamber of Nationalities with the approval of over
half the members of the respective State Assembly or
Assemblies.
(C) The Federal Chamber of Nationalities, in accordance with
Article (56) (B) shall form an Inquiry Commission for New
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State Formation composed of representatives from The

Federal Chamber of Nationalities and representatives from
State Assembly or Assemblies.
(D) In accordance with the recommendation of the Inquiry
Commission for New State Formation, a referendum shall
be held in the area which has submitted a proposal to form
a new state.
(E) If in the referendum, 60 percent of the people living in the
area vote in favor, the formation of a new state becomes
valid under this Constitution.
(F) If in accordance with the Article 56 (E), approval has been
obtained for the establishment of a new State, the Chamber
of Nationalities shall further forward the bill to the Assembly
of the Federal Union, and the Assembly of the Federal Union
shall pass the bill into a law.
(G) The Federal President must sign and promulgate it.
(H) The law must next be sent to the respective State Assemblies
for further necessary action.
Article 57. Legislation Concerning New States
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating to

above-mentioned Article 55 and Article 56, for the new State or
States.
Article 58. Legislation Concerning Federal Territories
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws relating to

above-mentioned Article 49(B), for the Federal Territories.
Article 59. Powers Prohibited to Member States
No Member State of the Federal Union shall have the power to

enter into military alliance with a foreign country, to conclude
agreements relating to military matters or to produce currency
notes and coins for use in the State.
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Chapter (4)
Assembly of the Federal Union
(B) Chamber of Peoples Representatives
Article 60. Assembly of the Federal Union
The Assembly of the Federal Union shall be composed of the

Chamber of Nationalities and the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
Article 61. Powers of Assembly of the Federal Union
All legislative powers granted by this Constitution shall reside in

the Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 62. Regular Session of Assembly of the Federal

Union
(A) The regular session of Assembly of the Federal Union shall

be held at least once a year.
(B) For convening the regular session of Assembly of the Federal
Union, a public notice shall be issued not less than sixty days,
in advance.
(C) The Federal President shall convene the regular session of
Assembly of the Federal Union.
(D) The Federal President shall deliver the State of the Union
address, relating to situation in the whole of the Federal
Union, at every regular session of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 63. Special or Emergency Session
(A) Special or emergency sessions of Assembly of the Federal

Union shall be convened for the following matters.
(1) Ratification of amendment to the Constitution;
(2) Approving or terminating a declaration of State of
Emergency;
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(3) Approving declaration or termination of war against

another state;
(4) Affir ming election of the Federal President or
appointment of the Justices of the Federal Court.
(B) If the members in the Chamber of Nationalities or the
Chamber of Peoples Representatives, through a majority
vote demand, or if the Prime Minister so requests, the
President shall convene a special or emergency meeting.
(C) Announcement of the meeting must be made at least seven
days before it is convened.
Article 64. Quorum for Meetings of Assembly of the

Federal Union
Attendance of more than half the members of Chamber of

Nationalities and more than half the members of Chamber of
Peoples Representatives shall form the quorum for a meeting
of Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 65. Vote
In Assembly of the Federal Union, decisions shall be made by a

majority vote of members of each Chamber attending the
session.
Article 66. The Speaker of Assembly of the Federal

Union
(A) The Chairpersons of the Chamber of Nationalities and the

Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall take turn to
preside as Speaker over the meetings of Assembly of the
Federal Union. The term Chairpersons also refers to Vice
Chairpersons of both the Chambers.
(B) The Speaker of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall
have the power to enforce rules of procedures over meetings
of the Assembly of the Federal Union and supervise conduct
of the members for observance of the rules.
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(C) In matters where decisions need to be made by votes and

where the votes for and against are tied, the Speaker of the
Assembly of the Union shall cast the deciding vote, based
on the provisions contained in this Constitution.
Article 67. Prohibition on Simultaneous Membership in

Both Chambers
A member of one Chamber shall not simultaneously serve in

the other Chamber.
Article 68. Exemptions and Privileges
(A) No member of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall be

questioned, punished or brought to trial for any vote cast,
speech or discussion made, or distribution of written
materials.
(B) During a session of Assembly of the Federal Union, no
assembly member shall be arrested, except during the
commission of the offense itself, charged or punished for
any offense, without approval of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 69. Compensation and Benefits
Assembly of the Federal Union shall provide by law for its

members to receive appropriate compensation and benefits for
their services. Any decision to raise the compensation or benefits
shall take effect only in the new term of Assembly of the Federal
Union.
Article 70. International Covenants and Treaties
Assembly of the Federal Union shall have the power to ratify or

reject international covenants and treaties signed by the
Government of the Federal Union.
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Article 71. By laws and Procedures of Assembly of the

Federal Union
Assembly of the Federal Union shall prescribe bylaws and rules

of procedure for its duties and activities.
Article 72. Composition of Chamber of Nationalities
(A) The Chamber of Nationalities shall be composed of an

equal number of representatives from various Member
States.
(B) The Member States of the Federal Union shall each send six
representatives to the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 73. Election of Members of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) In free and fair elections, the people eligible to vote, shall
directly elect by secret ballot, members of the Chamber of
Nationalities.
(B) A citizen intending to be a candidate in election for
membership in the Chamber of Nationalities, shall:
(1) Have attained the age of twenty-five years, on election
day;
(2) Have been a citizen of the Federal Union for at least ten
years;
(3) Be a resident of the State in which the candidate is seeking
election;
(4) Not be a citizen of two or more than two countries.
(C) The Legislature of each Member State shall provide by law
the place and manner of holding elections for members of
the Chamber of Nationalities.
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Article 74. Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of the

The members of the Chamber of Nationalities shall elect the

Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of the Chamber from among
their number. The Chairperson and Vice-chairperson shall not
be from the same state.
Article 75. Term of Office of Members of Chamber of

Nationalities
The term of office of member of the Chamber of Nationalities

shall be four years. Every two years, half the number of members
shall be elected for replacement.
Article 76. Regular Session of Chamber of Nationalities
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall convene the first
session of the Chamber of Nationalities within sixty days
after the each election.
(B) A regular session of the Chamber of Nationalities shall be
convened at least once a year.
(C) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall
convene the regular session of the Chamber of Nationalities.
(D) For the convening a regular session of the Chamber of
Nationalities, a public notice shall be issued thirty days, in
advance.
Article 77. Special or Emergency Sessions of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall

convene a special or emergency session of the Chamber
when all members from two States of the Chamber of
Nationalities or one quarter of all of the members of the
Chamber of Nationalities so request.
(B) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall
convene a special or emergency session of the Chamber
when the Federal Prime Minister so requests.
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(C) For convening a special or emergency session of the Chamber

of Nationalities, a public notice shall be issued fifteen days,
in advance.
Article 78. Quorum for Meetings of Chamber of

Nationalities
(A) Attendance of more than half the members of the Chamber

of Nationalities shall form the quorum for a meeting.
(B) Only attendance of two thirds of members of the Chamber
of Nationalities shall form a quorum for voting purposes.
In the meeting attended by two thirds of members of the
Chamber of Nationalities, decision shall be made by a
majority vote. If there is a tie in the vote, the Speaker of the
Chamber of Nationalities shall cast the deciding vote.
Article 79. Power of Chairperson of Chamber of

Nationalities
The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall have

the power to enforce rules of procedure over meetings of the
Chamber of Nationalities and supervise conduct of the members
for obedience to the rules. No one may enter the premises of
Chamber of the Nationalities to conduct a search or to arrest
any person, without permission of the Chairperson.
Article 80. Committees of the Chamber of Nationalities
Committees of the Chamber of Nationalities, including the

Foreign Affairs Committee, the Defense Affairs Committee,
Finance Committee and Committee on Commerce, shall be
composed of members of the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 81. Rule and Procedure of Chamber of

Nationalities
The Chamber of Nationalities shall lay down its own rules of

procedure.
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Chamber of Peoples Representatives

Article 82. Composition of Chamber of Peoples
Representatives
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall be composed

of members elected by citizens through elections based on
proportion of the population.
Article 83. Electing Members of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) Members of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall

be directly elected in free and fair elections, with secret
ballots, by the people, who are eligible to vote.
(B) The number of representatives and the boundaries of their
constituencies shall be in accordance with the law enacted
and prescribed by Assembly of the Federal Union.
Article 84. Qualification of Representatives
Every citizen standing as a candidate in election for membership

in the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, shall:
(1) Be a citizen of the Federal Union who have attained the age
of twenty five years, on the election day;
(2) Have resided continuously, at least for 10 years, in the Federal
Union, in the case of a naturalized citizen;
(3) Not be a citizen of two or more countries.
Article 85. Chairperson and Vice-chairperson of Chamber

of Peoples Representatives
Members of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall elect

the Chairperson and vice-chairperson of the Chamber from
among their number.
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Article 86. Term of Members of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The regular term of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

is four years. The term of the Chamber shall be counted
from the day when the first meeting of it is held.
(B) The term for members of the Chamber of People
Representatives is the same as the term for the Chamber.
Article 87. Elections for Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
General elections to elect members to the Chamber of Peoples

Representatives for the next term shall be held at least sixty days
prior to the end of the regular term of the Chamber.
Article 88. Regular Session of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall call for the convening
of the first session of Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives within sixty days after the general elections.
(B) Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall convene a
regular session not less than once a year.
(C) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives shall convene the regular sessions of the
Chamber.
(D) Chamber of the Peoples Representatives shall issue public
notice at least thirty days prior to the convening of a regular
session.
Article 89. Special or Emergency Sessions of Chamber of

Peoples Representatives
(A) Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

shall convene a special or emergency session when:
(1) The Federal President so instructs; or
(2) The Federal Prime Minister so requests; or
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(3) One fourth of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

members so request.
(B) The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall issue public
notice at least fifteen days prior to convening a special or
emergency session.
Article 90. Quorum for meetings of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
A meeting of the Chamber Peoples Representatives may be

held if more than 30 percent of the members are present.
However, for the purpose of voting, attendance of more than
half the number of all the members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives shall form the quorum. Decision shall be made
by majority vote. If, however, there is a tie in the vote, the Speaker
of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall cast the
deciding vote.
Article 91. Dissolving Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
(A) The Federal President, on recommendation of the Federal

Prime Minister, shall dissolve or prorogue the Chamber of
the Peoples Representatives.
Proviso: However, the Federal President may reject recommendation
of the Federal Prime Minister to dissolve the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives, when the reason for the recommendation is the
failure of the Prime Minister to receive support of the majority in
the Chamber, in a no-confidence motion. In such a situation, the
Federal President shall immediately call a meeting of the Chamber,
for the purpose of having the name of a new Prime Minister
submitted.
(B) When meeting of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives
is called under Paragraph (A) above, the name of a new
Federal Prime Minister shall be submitted within 15 days. If
the Chamber fails to do so, the Federal President shall dissolve
the Chamber of the Peoples Representatives.
(C) After the dissolution of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives and before a government can be formed
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by holding new elections, the Federal President shall form

an interim Government and entrust it with the duty to govern
the Union during the interim period.
(D) Elections for new members of the Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives shall be held no later than sixty days after
dissolution of the Chamber.
Article 92. Powers of Chairperson of Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
The Chairperson of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives

shall have the power to enforce the rules of procedure over the
meetings of the Chamber and to supervise conduct of the
members for following the rules. No one shall enter the premises
of the Chamber of Peoples Representatives to conduct a search
or to arrest any person, without permission of the Chairperson.
Article 93. Investigative Commission
If one fourth of members of the Chamber of Peoples

Representatives request, the Chamber of Peoples Representatives
shall form an Investigative Commission.
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall enact rules and

regulations to provide for the mandate of the Investigative
Commission in accordance with the provisions relating to the
formation of the Commission prescribed by the Assembly of
the Federal Union.
Article 94. Formation of Affairs Committees
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives can form necessary

affairs committees including Foreign, Defense, Finance and
Commerce Affairs Committees, with members of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives.
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Article 95. Rules of Procedure for Chamber of Peoples

Representatives
The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall lay down its

own rules of procedure.
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Chapter (5)
Federal Legislation
Article 96. Introduction of Bills
(A) The Government of the Federal Union of Burma or any

member of either Chamber may introduce bills.
(B) Money bills shall be introduced only in the Chamber of
Peoples Representatives.
(C) Bills relating to natural resources shall be introduced only in
the Chamber of Nationalities.
Article 97. Adoption of Bills
(A) Except for the Federal Budget bill, all the bills introduced in
the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, on receiving more
than half of the votes, shall be sent to the Chamber of
Nationalities. Such a bill shall become law only if it receives
more than half of the votes of the Chamber of
Nationalities.
(B) A bill introduce in the Chamber of Nationalities, on receiving
more than half of the votes, shall be sent to the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives. Such a bill shall become law
only if it receives more than half of the votes in the Chamber
Article 98. Adoption of Annual Federal Budget Bill
The annual federal budget bill shall be introduced in the Chamber

of Peoples Representatives. If the bill receives a simple majority
vote in the Chamber of Peoples Representatives, it shall be
subsequently transferred to the Chamber of Nationalities. If the
Chamber of Nationalities adopt the bill within 21 days, by a
simple majority vote, it shall become law.
Article 99. Interim Budget Management
If Assembly of the Federal Union of Burma fails to adopt the

budget bill for the coming fiscal year of the Federal Government
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by the end of the current fiscal year, the Federal Government

may appropriate funds to make payment for ordinary expenses,
within the extent allowed in the previous budget for ordinary
expenses.
Article 100. Joint Committee
(A) If an entire bill or part of the bill passed by one Chamber

cannot be passed by the other Chamber, either one of the
Chambers or the Federal Government may request for the
formation of a Joint Committee in order to negotiate on
the bill.
(B) The Joint Committee shall consist of an equal number of
members from each Chamber.
(C) The Joint Committee shall dissolve automatically upon
completion of its tasks.
(D) When the Joint Committee fails to reach agreement on a
bill, the bill shall become a Dead Bill.
(E) If the Joint Committee agrees to any amendment of or
change in a bill, the bill shall be returned to the Chamber
where the bill originated. If that Chamber passes the bill as
amended or changed, then it shall be transferred to the other
Chamber and, if the other Chamber passes the bill as
amended or changed, then the bill shall become law.
(F) If a bill is circulated in accordance with Paragraph (E) of
this Article but fails to pass either Chamber in accordance
with the rules and procedure set out in Article 97, then the
bill shall become a Dead Bill.
Article 101. Dead Bill
Neither Chamber shall reintroduce a Dead Bill within two years

from the day it became a Dead Bill.
Article 102. Promulgation of Laws
Every bill passed by the Assembly of the Federal Union of

Burma must be signed and promulgated by the President of
the Federal Union of Burma within seven days. If the Federal
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President fails to sign and promulgate it within seven days after

the date of presentation, President shall be deemed to have signed
and promulgated it by the end of the seventh day.
Article 103. The Exclusive Legislative Powers of the

Federal Assembly
Assembly of the Federal Union shall have exclusive legislative

powers over the following matters:
(A) Defense and Security Matters -

(1) Defense and Security Forces;
(2) Federal Armed Forces;
(3) Federal Intelligence Forces;
(4) National Security Council;
(5) Federal Police;
(6) Producing, Selling, Importing and Exporting of
weaponry, ammunition and explosives; and
(7) Mandatory Military Service.
(B) Foreign Affairs Matters -

(1) International, Regional, Multilateral and Bilateral Treaties
and Agreements with other countries;
(2) Passports and Immigration;
(3) United Nations (UN) and Diplomatic Affairs.
(C) Economic and Finance Matters -

(1) Issue and distribution of currency notes and coins;
(2) Annual budget of the Federal Union;
(3) Regulations concerning international trade and commerce;
(4) Matters concerning international monetary organizations;
(5) Regulations concerning Customs Duties, Import and
Export Taxes;
(6) Federal Central Bank.
(D) Communication and Transportation Matters -

(1) Postal services and Telecommunications;
(2) Federal Radio and Television Broadcasting;
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(3) Federal highways, railways, airways, and costal and

waterways.
(E) Education Matters -

(1) Standards for Post-graduate Education and Private
Schools;
(2) Higher Science and Technical Education;
(3) Compulsory and Free Basic Education.
(F) Public Health and Social-Welfare Matters -

(1) Matters concerning Federal Health;
(2) Welfare of Children, Women, Disable Persons and
Elderly People;
(3) Rights of Children.
(G) Judicial Matters -

(1) Exclusive Jurisdiction of Federal Supreme Court;
(2) Elections to the Constitutional Courts Representatives;
(3) Establishing Federal Courts and Appointing Federal
Judges;
(4) Marriage, divorce and inheritance laws for people with
dissimilar traditions and customs.
(H) Federal Assembly and Chamber Affairs -

(1) Establishment of Commissions of Chamber of
Nationalities and Peoples Representative;
(2) Election for the Chamber of Peoples Representatives;
(3) Enquiry Commissions of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(I) Industrial and Labour -

(1) Standardizing weights and measures;
(2) Copyright, Intellectual Property Rights, Patents and
Trademarks;
(3) Standard of Working Hours, Wages, Holidays and
Leaves, and Safety Working Conditions.
(J) General Affairs -

(1) Political Party;
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(2) Establishment of New States;

(3) Establishment of Organization and Unions;
(4) Capital of Federal Union;
(5) Election to Federal President;
(6) Property Disclosure of Public Office Holders;
(7) Rules and Regulation relating to Overseas Citizens of
the Federal Union;
(8) Census;
(9) Citizenship and Naturalization;
(10)State of Emergency;
(11)Expression of Public Opinion Rule and Regulation;
(12)Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Article 104. The Concurrent Legislative Powers
The Assembly of the Federal Union and the respective Member

States shall have concurrent legislative powers over the following
matters:
(1) Matters concerning taxes, including sale tax, business tax,

income tax, excise tax and port tax, within the Federal Union:
(2) Environmental protection;
(3) Narcotic and harmful drugs;
(4) Birth and death registration;
(5) Federal energy projects and large development projects
falling within the territory of the Member State;
(6) Exploitation, production and sale of aboveground and
underground natural resources within the territory of the
Member State;
(7) Matters concerning Investment by Foreign Governments
and Private Corporations in the Respective Member States;
(8) Regional radio and television broadcasting services;
(9) Banking and Insurance;
(10) Matters concerning transfer of Real Property;
(11) Regulations concerning universities and vocational
institutions;
(12) Rules and regulations of Interstate rivers and waterways,
Domestic sea and costal transportation;
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(13) Matters concerning refugees and political Asylum;

(14) Criminal laws and civil procedure codes;
(15) Civil service training courses;
(16) Regulations concerning workers and farmers.
Article 105. Decision of Constitutional Court
If a dispute arises due to legislation on a matter contained in the

list of Concurrent Legislative Powers, either by the Federal
Assembly or any member State or States, the decision of the
Constitutional Court in such a case shall be final and binding.
Article 106. Legislation by Federal Assembly on Matters

of Concurrent Legislative Powers
When and if a Member State enacts a law on a matter, contained

in the list of Concurrent Legislative Power, that may be injurious
to the interests of other States or citizens of other States, or to
the interests of the Federal Union to its entire extent, the Federal
Union shall enact law on the matter.
Article 107. Obtaining Joint Agreement
If the Assembly of Federal Union or the Assembly of any

Member State is enacting a law concerning extraction and
production of natural resources, marketing, foreign investment
and production of energy, the law shall come into force only
when it has obtained consent of the other.
Article 108. Legislative Powers of Member States
The legislatures of the Member States shall retain all legislative

powers not delegated exclusively or concurrently to the Assembly
of the Federal Union by this constitution.
Article 109. Supremacy of Federal Law
If a conflict arises between Federal law and State law, the Federal
law shall prevail.
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Chapter (6)
Federal President
Article 110. Head of State
The President of the Federal Union shall be the Head of State.
Article 111. Qualifications
(A) A candidate seeking election as the President of the Federal

Union shall:
(1) Be a citizen of the Federal Union;
(2) Have been born of parents both of whom are citizens
of the Federal Union;
(3) Have resided continuously in the Federal Union for over
ten years; and
(4) Have attained the age of 35 years, on the date on which
he/she registers as a candidate for the Presidency or
Vice Presidency.
(B) The Federal President or Vice President shall not be a
member of the Federal or a State Government or a member
of the Federal or a State Assembly. If the person elected as
President or Vice President holds such a position, he/she
shall be deemed to have resigned from that position once
elected as President or Vice President.
Article 112. Election Procedures
(A) The Federal Assembly shall elect the President and the Vice
President of the Federal Union from among candidates
nominated by the various State Legislative Assemblies.
(B) A person from one State having been elected as the Federal
President, no person from that State shall be eligible to be
the Federal President until three subsequent terms have
elapsed. No such restriction shall apply to the Vice Presidency.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall prescribe the practices and
procedures for election of the Federal President and Vice
President by law.
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Article 113. Term of Office
The term of office of the Federal President shall be five years

from the date he/she starts to assume official duties.
Article 114. Duties and Powers
(A) The President of the Federal Union shall be the Commander

in Chief of the Armed Forces. During a State of Emergency
the President shall fully exercise the powers of the
Commander in Chief of both Defense and Security Forces.
(B) The Federal President, in consultation with and with approval
of the Federal Government, shall have the power to declare
war against a foreign country or cessation of war.
(C) In execution of the powers provided in Paragraph (B) above,
the Federal President shall obtain endorsement of the Federal
Assembly in regular session or call an emergency session for
this purpose.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint the person, whose name
has been submitted by the Federal Assembly, as the Federal
Prime Minister.
(E) The Federal President shall appoint the persons, whose names
have been submitted by the Prime Minister, as Ministers of
the Federal Government.
(F) The Federal President shall appoint as Federal Attorney
General, the person approved by the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
(G) The Federal President shall appoint as Justices and Chief
Justice of the Federal Supreme Court, the persons approved
by the Assembly of the Federal Union.
(H) The Federal President shall appoint as Auditor General, the
person approved by the Assembly of the Federal Union.
(I) The Federal president shall appoint as Members of the
respective Commissions, the persons approved by the
Assembly of the Federal Union.
(J) On recommendation of the Prime Minister, the Federal
President shall receive resignation of a Federal Minister or
shall suspend him/her from his/her duties.
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(K) On advice of the Prime Minister, the Federal President shall

convene the Federal Assembly or dissolve it in accordance
with Article (91) of this Constitution.
(L) The Federal President shall sign and promulgate as federal
laws all bills approved or deemed to have been approved
by the Federal Assembly.
(M) The Federal President may intimate the Federal Assembly a
matter concerning the Federal Union or the people, or issues
of importance by correspondence or speech.
(N) The Federal President may deliver an address to the people
of the Federal Union, from time to time.
(O) In consultation with the Federal Government, the Federal
President may perform duties and responsibilities entrusted
to him/her concerning matters apart from the ones, which
are expressly provided for in this Constitution. However, it
shall not be in contradiction to the Constitution.
(P) The Federal President shall declare the State of Emergency
or the end of it.
(Q) The Federal President shall have the power to grant pardons.
Article 115. Duties and Powers of the Vice President
If the Federal President, on his/her own accord, hands over

his/her duties or becomes unable to continue to perform his/
her duties or is removed from office or dies before the
expiration of his/her term of office, the Federal Vice president
shall have the right to succeed his/her mandate and duties.
Article 116. Entitlement of the Federal President and Vice

President
The Federal President and Vice President shall be provided with

trappings and a residence. They shall also be entitled to a salary
and allowances prescribed by law.
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Article 117. Impeachment of the Federal President or Vice

President
(A) The Federal President may be impeached for any of the

following reasons. If the President:
(1) Commits high treason;
(2) Violates this Constitution;
(3) Commits gross misconduct.
(B) A motion to impeach the President, in accordance with
Paragraph (A) above, may be introduced in either Chamber
of the Federal Assembly. The impeachment inquiry may
proceed, only when more than half of the members of the
Chamber endorse the motion.
(C) The motion of impeachment of the Federal President passed
by one Chamber shall be examined by the other Chamber.
(D) After inquiry, if two thirds of the members of the Chamber
concerned confirm that the President has committed an
offense disqualifying him/her to retain the position of
presidency, then the motion shall be introduced in the Federal
Assembly.
(E) If the majority of members of the Federal Assembly endorse
the motion introduced in accordance with paragraph (D)
above, the Federal President shall be removed from office.
(F) Throughout the impeachment process, the Federal President
shall have the right to defend himself/herself, in person, or
through a representative.
(G) The provisions contained in this Article shall also apply to
the Vice President.
Article 118. Vacancy and Replacement
If the Federal President dies during his/her term of office or

becomes unable to continue to perform his/her duties or is
removed from office according to Article (116) of this
Constitution, the vacancy shall be filled as follows:
(A) The Vice President shall perform duties of the Federal
President until the expiration of the regular term of office
of the Federal President.
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(B) The Chairperson of the Chamber of Nationalities shall take

up duties as the Vice President.
(C) If further vacancy occurs during the regular term of the
President, new elections shall take place according to the
provisions of Article (112) of this Constitution.
Article 119. Immunities
No one shall initiate civil or criminal suit against the Federal

President and Vice President during their term of office for
acts undertaken or not undertaken within the scope of their
presidential duties.
Article 120. Prohibition
The President and the Vice President shall not hold any other
salaried office nor belong to management of an enterprise carried
on profit.
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Chapter (7)
Federal Government
Article 121. Composition
(A) The Federal Government of the Federal Union shall be

composed of Ministers led by the Prime Minister.
(B) The Ministers of the Federal Government shall be chosen
from among members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(C) The Federal Government shall represent the Chamber of
the Peoples Representatives by group.
(D) The Prime Minister shall be responsible to the Federal
Government.
The term of office of the Federal Government shall be the

same as the term of office of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
Article 123. Prime Minister
(A) The Federal President shall appoint as the Federal Prime

Minister the person chosen by members of the Chamber
(B) The Federal Prime Minister shall be the person receiving the
absolute majority vote of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(C) If no candidate secures the absolute majority vote within
fourteen-day period, the candidate who has secured the most
votes shall be submitted for appointment as the Federal Prime
Minister.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint or remove the persons,
proposed by the Prime Minister, as Deputy Prime Minister
and Ministers.
(E) Upon request by the Federal President, the Federal Prime
Minister shall remain in office until a successor has been chosen.
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Article 124. Deputy Prime Minister
The Federal Deputy Prime Minister shall have the right to perform
duties of the Federal Prime Minister, when the Federal Prime
Minister is incapable of performing his/her duties or by
permission of Federal Prime Minister.
Article 125. Replacement
When the office of Federal Prime Minister becomes vacant,

replacement shall take place as provided for in Article (123) of
this Constitution.
Article 126. No Confidence Motion
(A) A motion of no confidence against the Federal Government

or an individual Minister shall not be made during the
eighteen-month period after formation of the Government.
(B) If the absolute majority of the members of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives endorse the no confidence
motion against the Government or an individual Minister,
then the Government or the individual Minister shall resign
from office.
(C) If the entire Government has to resign, the Federal President
shall appoint a new Federal Prime Minister, in accordance
with Article (91) of this Constitution.
Article 127. Resignation
(A) If the Prime Minister resigns from office, the Federal Ministers
shall also be deemed to have resigned from their respective
offices.
(B) A Minister of the Government may resign by handing over
his/her resignation letter for submission to the Federal
President, to the Prime Minister.
Article 128. Duties of the Government
(A) The Federal Government shall prepare the annual Federal Budget
and submit it to the Chamber of Peoples Representatives.
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(B) In a situation where the Federal Union is being attacked by

another country or if it is under threat of an attack, the
Government may take measures for the defense of the
Federation, with the approval of the Federal President. If
the Federal Assembly is not in session, the measures taken
shall be submitted to the nearest Federal Assembly meeting.
(C) In consultation with the Federal President, the Federal
Government may undertake measures on matters of
participation of the federal armed forces, in international
peacekeeping effort and in joint military exercises for raising
the capacity of them, in accordance with international or
bilateral agreements.
(D) All international agreements signed by the Federal
Government shall be submitted to the Assembly of the
Federal Union.
Article 129. Ministries
The Federal Government may form, as necessary, not more

than 30 ministries, including the ministries mentioned below.
(1) Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(2) Ministry of Defense
(3) Ministry of Finance and Planning
(4) Ministry of Home Affairs
(5) Ministry of Health
(6) Ministry of Education
(7) Ministry of Communication
(8) Ministry of Public Information
(9) Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
(10) Ministry of Energy
(11) Ministry of Labor
(12) Ministry of Transportation
(13) Ministry of Commerce and Trade
(14) Ministry of Social Welfare
(15) Ministry of Justice
(16) Ministry of Environmental Conservation
(17) Ministry of Gender Equality
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(18) Ministry of Science and Technology

(19) Ministry of Mining
Article 130. Federal Attorney General
(A) The Prime Minister shall nominate a Federal Attorney General

to advise and represent the Federal Government in legal
matters. The Federal President shall appoint the Federal
Attorney General upon confirmation of the nomination by
the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Federal Attorney General shall not be a member of
Chamber of Nationalities or Chamber of Peoples
Representatives or a member of a State Government.
(C) The Federal Attorney General shall have the right to attend
sessions of the Federal Assembly and answer questions on
behalf of the government.
Article 131. Prohibition of Secondary Occupation
Neither a member of the Federal Government nor the Federal

Attorney General shall:
(A) Hold other salaried office; or
(B) Belong to management of an enterprise carried on profit.
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Chapter (8)
Federal Judiciary
Article 132. Judicial Power
The judicial power of the Federal Union of Burma shall be

vested in the courts. It shall be exercised in various levels of
courts instituted in accordance with the statutes, enacted by the
Federal Assembly, and the judiciary shall be an independent and
impartial system.
Article 133. Independence of the Judiciary
The judges shall independently adjudicate and subject only to

the law.
Article 134. Constitutional Court
(A) A Constitutional Court shall be established in order to resolve

constitutional disputes.
(B) The Constitutional Court shall be composed of the nine
Justices of the Supreme Court of the Federal Union of
Burma along with two representatives appointed by the
Chamber of Nationalities and two representatives appointed
by the Chamber of Peoples Representatives.
(C) The Assembly of the Federal Union of Burma shall enact
the law and procedure, providing for appointing the
members of Chamber of Nationalities and Chamber of
Peoples Representatives to the Constitutional Court.
Article 135. Institution of Federal Courts
(A) The Federal Supreme Court and its subordinate federal courts
shall be established for the exercise of the federal judicial
powers.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws for the establishment
and procedures of the Federal Courts.
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Article 136. Composition of the Federal Supreme Court
(A) The Supreme Court of the Federal Union shall be composed

of nine Justices.
(B) The Federal President shall appoint the Justices nominated
by the Federal Prime Minister and approved by the Federal
Assembly.
(C) The name of no member of the Federal Assembly shall be
submitted for position of the Federal Supreme Court.
(D) The Federal President shall appoint a person, as the Chief
Justice, selected by the Federal Supreme Court Justices, from
among themselves.
Article 137. Qualifications of Justices
Justices of the Federal Supreme Court shall be:

(A) Citizens of the Federal Union;
(B) Have attained the age of at least (45) years;
(C) Have at least ten years of experience in legal profession.
The term of office of a Judge shall expire:

(A) At their own request to the Federal President;
(B) When being permanently incapable to perform his/her
duties;
(C) Upon being found guilty of committing an act of gross
misconduct; or
(D) Upon attaining the age of (75) years.
Article 139. Location of the Federal Supreme Court
The office of the Federal Supreme Court shall be located in the

Capital of Federal Union. The Federal Supreme Court shall
have the right to sit in Federal Courts in the States and, when
necessary, elsewhere in the Federal Union.
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Article 140. Jurisdiction of the Federal Supreme Court
(A) Without prejudice to provisions of Article (134), the Federal

Courts shall have jurisdiction over the following matters:
(1) Disputes between the Member States;
(2) Disputes between citizens of one State and those of
another State;
(3) A petition to transfer a case from one States court to
another States court;
(4) Jurisdiction disputes between Member State courts;
(5) Disputes arising out of contracts between a foreign
companies and a domestic companies, a State
Government or the Federal Union; and
(6) Bankruptcy and insolvency.
(B) The Federal Supreme Court shall have the power to issue:
(1) Writ of Habeas Corpus
(2) Writ of Mandamus
(3) Writ of Prohibition
(4) Writ of Quo Warranto
(5) Writ of Certiorari
(C) The Federal Assembly shall provide the exclusive jurisdiction
of the Federal Supreme Court by law.
Article 141. Investigation
On request of the Federal Attorney General with regard to

Article 138 (B) or (C), an inquiry committee shall be formed
consisting of an equal number of representatives of the National
Assembly and the Peoples Assembly. The Federal Assembly shall
decide on the findings of the inquiry committee by vote.
Article 142. Appointment of Judges
(A) The Federal Prime Minister shall submit the names of Federal
Judges after consultation with Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court for the approval by Federal Assembly. The Federal
President shall appoint the Federal Judges approved by
Federal Assembly.
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(B) There shall be no discrimination on the ground of ethnicity,

religion, color, or gender in appointment of the Judges.
Article 143. Remuneration
The Judges shall receive remuneration in an amount to be

determined by the Federal Assembly.
Article 144. Prohibition to Have Second Occupation
Apart from their judicial work, the Federal Judges shall not:
(A) Hold any other salaried office or occupation;
(B) Hold a management position in an enterprise run on profit;
(C) Be members of any legislative body or of a government.
Article 145. Immunity
Federal Judges shall be immune from criminal or civil suits for

performing undertaken within the scope of their judicial duties
except for intentional infringement of the law.
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Chapter (9)
Citizenship
Article 146. Rights of Citizens
A Citizen of the Federal Union shall enjoy equally (all federal)

rights and immunities in all the Member States of the Federal
Union.
Article 147. Rights of State Citizens
In the case of a citizen moving from an original Member State
to another, shall be entitled to become a citizen of the new
Member State of residence, to vote and stand in elections for
public office, to the extent that the law of the new Member
State allows.
Article 148. Citizenship
(A) A citizen of any Member State of the Federal Union shall
be a citizen of the Federal Union.
(B) Every person, both of whose parents are citizens of the
Federal Union shall be a citizen of the Federal Union.
(C) Every person born in Federal Union one of whose parents
is a citizen of Federal Union shall be a citizen of the Federal
Union.
(D) Every person who is a citizen at the time of adoption of
this Constitution shall be a citizen of the Federal Union.
Proviso: Article 148(D), however, does not include those who
gained citizenship other than legal means prescribed by law.
Article 149. Restoration of Citizenship
(A) Every person whose citizenship was revoked before

adoption of this Constitution shall be given citizenship, if
he or she applies for it.
(B) Any person born overseas of parents one of whom is a
citizen of the Federal Union shall have the right to apply for
citizenship.
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Article 150. Naturalization of Aliens
(A) The aliens born in Burma before January 4, 1948 and residing
continuously in the country shall have the right to become a
citizen of the Federal Union, in accordance with provisions
of the law and procedure enacted by the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact a law concerning the
naturalization of aliens.
Article 151. Dual Citizenship
Any citizen of the Federal Union may become a citizen of another
country. The adoption of citizenship in another country shall
not automatically cause the revocation of his/her citizenship of
the Federal Union. Every citizen shall be allowed to retain dual
citizenship.
Article 152. Right to Vote as a Citizen
A citizen of the Federal Union who has migrated from one

Member State and resided in another Member State or another
country may vote in referendum and all elections concerning the
entire Federal Union.
Article 153. State Citizens Rights to Vote and Stand in

Election
A citizen has the right to vote or stand for public office in elections
only in his own respective State. That right shall not be exercised
in more than one State.
Article 154. State Citizenship
Legislatures of Member States of the Federal Union shall enact

laws concerning Member State citizenship.
Article 155. Citizens Abroad
The Federal Assembly shall enact laws prescribing the rights and
duties of citizens who are living abroad.
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Chapter (10)
Federal Defense and Security Forces
Article 156. Basic Principles Concerning Defense and

Security Forces
(A) The Armed Forces of the Federal Union are for the security
of the Federal Union and shall protect its citizens.
(B) The Armed Forces of the Federal Union shall maintain peace.
(C) Members of the Armed Forces of the Federal Union shall
respect and abide by this Constitution.
(D) No member of the Armed Forces of the Federal Union
shall be a member of any political party or owe allegiance
to any political party or any person.
(E) All the Member States of the Federal Union shall be
represented proportionally in the commission forming
armed forces for the defense and security of the Federal
Union.
(F) There shall be no discrimination in the Armed Forces of
the Federal Union on the basis of ethnicity, religion, race,
gender or sexual orientation.
Article 157. Defense and Security Forces of Federal Union

For matters of defense and security of the Federal Union, the
Assembly of the Federal Union may enact laws and establish
necessary defense forces and services and task them with the
duties in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 158. Basic Defense Principles of Federal Armed
Forces
The Federal Assembly shall lay down the basic principles
concerning the Federal Defense.
Article 159. Federal Armed Forces
(A) For the purpose of defending the Federal Union from external
aggression, a Federal Armed Forces shall be established.
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(B) The Federal President shall be Commander in Chief of the

Armed Forces.
(C) The Federal Prime Minister shall take responsibility and
perform in compliance with the basic principles of defense,
laid down by the Federal Assembly.
(D) Matters relating to daily work of the Federal Armed Forces
shall be under the supervision of the Defense Ministry.
(E) No person, who is in active service of the Federal Armed
Forces, shall be appointed as the Federal Defense Minister.
The Federal Defense minister shall be a civilian.
Article 160. Composition of Federal Armed Forces
(A) The Federal Armed Forces shall be composed of the Army,

Navy, and Air Force depending on necessity.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws concerning the
organization of the Federal Armed Forces.
Article 161. Civilian Control and Administration
The Federal Armed Forces shall be under civilian administration

and control, at all time.
Article 162. Command and Control During a State of

Emergency
In the time of a Sate of Emergency, the Federal President shall:

(A) Command and control the Federal Defense and Security
Forces including Federal Armed Forces, exercising the power
of Commander in Chief;
(B) Have the power to summon, mobilize and assign missions
to any unit of the defense and security forces, in consultation
with the Federal Government and State Governments, for
security of the Federal Union.
Article 163. Military Academies
Separate military academies shall be established for Army, Navy,
and Air Force of the Federal Armed Forces. Cadets from all of
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the Member States of the Federal Union, in the proportion of

each state, shall have the right to attend these academies.
Article 164. Civic Education in Military Training
At all levels of military training, in addition to military subjects

there shall be instructions on:
(A) Basic democratic practices and concepts on human rights;
(B) Basic concepts of civil administration, including Constitution
of the Federal Union.
Article 165. Mandatory Military Service
Every citizen of the Federal Union shall perform military service,

by law. The Federal Assembly shall enact law requiring every
citizen of mandatory military service.
Article 166. Federal Police
(A) The Federal Police Force shall be established in order to

maintain and protect national security (and law and order)
in the Federal Union.
(B) The Federal Police Force shall be maintained under civil
administration.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for
establishment of the Federal Police Force.
Article 167. Federal Intelligence Force
(A) For the security of the Federal Union, the Federal Intelligence
Force shall be established.
(B) The Federal Intelligence Force shall be maintained under civil
administration.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for
establishment of the Federal Intelligence Force.
Article 168. National Security Council
The Federal Assembly shall enact law providing for establishment

of the National Security Council.
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Chapter (11)
State of Emergency
Article 169. State of Emergency
A state of emergency may be proclaimed under any one of the

following circumstances:
(A) When there is external armed aggression against the federal
territory or sufficient reason to believe that there is a threat
of such aggression;
(B) When there is deterioration of peace, law and order, and
emergence of a state evidently threatening, effecting or
disturbing public security and harmony;
(C) When there is natural disaster resulting in widespread
destruction, injury or death, or there is enough reason to
believe that there is an impending threat of the same.
Article 170. Proclamation of State of Emergency
(A) The Federal President shall declare a State of Emergency

for the entire Union or part of the Union upon request by
the Federal Government in relation to situations stipulated
under Article 169(A) and (C).
(B) The Federal President may declare a State of Emergency for
the entire Union or part of the Union upon request by the
Federal Government in relation to situations stipulated under
Article 169 (B)
(C) If the proclamation of the State of Emergency relates to
Article 169 (A) and (B), the Federal Prime Minister shall
submit the matter to the nearest meeting of the Chamber
of Peoples Representatives or convene an emergency
meeting of it and obtain its approval. If the Chamber of
Peoples Representatives does not approve the declaration
of State of Emergency, it shall become void.
(D) If the proclamation of the state of emergency took place
during the period when the Chamber of Peoples Assembly
has been dissolved, upon submitting by Federal Prime
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Minister, the Federal President shall obtain approval from

the nearest meeting of the Chamber of Nationalities or
convene an emergency meeting of it, to obtain approval.
Article 171. Duration of a State of Emergency
(A) Taking into consideration what has given rise to the need
for the declaration of the State of Emergency, the duration
for the State of Emergency can be set as follows.
(1) If a State of Emergency is declared under the provision
stipulated in Article 169 (A), the duration of the
emergency can be up to three months.
(2) If in accordance with the provision under Article 169
(B), a State of Emergency is declared, the duration can
be up to one month.
(3) If a State of Emergency is declared under the provision
stipulated in Article 169 (C), the duration can be up to
six months.
(B) If there is a need for further extension of the state of
emergency, any extension that does not exceed the duration
provided for in 171 (A), can be made only with the approval
of the Assembly of the Peoples Representatives. No
extension shall be valid if it does not receive the approval
of the majority in the Chamber of the Peoples
Representatives.
(C) If the need for extension of the State of Emergency
coincides with the time parliament is dissolved, the Federal
Prime Minister shall report to the President and get approval
from the nearest meeting of the Chamber of Nationalities,
or convene an emergency meeting of the Chamber of
Nationalities. If more than half of the members in the
Chamber of Nationalities do not approve, further extension
of the duration of the state of emergency shall be rendered
void.
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Article 172. Powers and Duties
(A) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency

under Article 169 (A), he/she shall:
(1) Exercise the powers of Commander in Chief and
command the Defense and Security Forces;
(2) Have the right, for the security of the Federation, to
summon, mobilize and give assignments to or withdraw
them from any of the defense or security forces, in
consultation with the Federal and State Governments.
(B) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency
under Article 169 (B), the Federal Government shall have
the power to mobilize the State Security Forces and send
directives to the State Governments.
(C) When the Federal President proclaims a State of Emergency
under Article 169 (C), the Federal Government shall:
(1) Have the power to mobilize the State Security Forces
and send directives to the State Governments.
(2) Have power to deploy the Federal Armed Forces, with
limit, only when the State Security Forces are not adequate
to respond to the emergency;
(D) Report all the activities of the Federal Government, during
the State of Emergency period, to the nearest meetings of
the Chamber of Peoples Representatives and the Federal
Assembly.
Article 173. Judicial Review
The Constitutional Court vested with powers in accordance with
this Constitution may examine and decide constitutionality of:
(A) Proclamation of a State of Emergency;
(B) Extension of duration of a State of Emergency;
(C) Any law or other action under a State of Emergency.
Article 174. Judiciary during a State of Emergency
During the period of any kind of state of emergency, the judicial
power shall remain in the courts. Only the judges appointed
under the existing laws shall exercise the judicial power.
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Article 175. Irrevocable Rights
As a consequence of declaration of a State of Emergency, no

law enacted or any action shall encroach upon the human dignity
or right to life of any citizen, including the rights contained in
Articles (11) and (12), Chapter 2.
Article 176. Law Enacted during a State of Emergency
Following the declaration of a State of Emergency, the Federal

Assembly shall enact laws as necessary in compliance of
Irrevocable Rights contained in Article (175) to limit actions of
individuals or the right to property ownership.
Article 177. Termination of a State of Emergency
(A) A State of Emergency shall be terminated when its stipulated

duration expires; or when the Federal President chooses to
end the duration; or if a Chamber does not approve it.
(B) Termination of a State of Emergency shall be declared
officially and publication of it in the Government Gazette.
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Chapter (12)
General Provisions
Article 178. Flag of the Federal Union of Burma
The flag of the Federal Union of Burma shall be . . .
Article 179. Seal of the Federal Union
The seal of the Federal Union shall be . . .
Article 180. Seal of the Federal Offices
The seals of the federal offices shall be . . .
Article 181. National Anthem
The National Anthem of the Federal Union of Burma shall

be....
Article 182. Capital of the Federal Union
The Capital of the Federal Union shall be Maha (Greater)

Rangoon. The seat of the Federal Government shall be Federal
Territory. The Federal Assembly shall enact law with provisions
in detail for the Federal Capital.
Article 183. Official Languages
(A) Burmese and English languages shall be the official languages

(B) In the various Member States, the national languages of the
respective States may be designated as the official language.
Article 184. Oath Taking
Upon appointment and confirmation, the following officials

of the Federal Union shall take oath of office, immediately, in
accordance with a designated form at their respective
departments.
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(A) The President

(B) The Prime Minister
(C) The Government Ministers
(D)The Federal Attorney General
(E) The Justices of the Federal Supreme Court
(F) The Auditor General
Article 185. Commissions
(A) The Federal Assembly shall enact laws for the establishment
the following independent commissions:
(1) The Human Rights Commission
(2) The Commission for Gender Equality
(3) The Commission for Investigation and Eradication of
Corruption
(4) The Civil Service Commission
(5) The Election Commission
(6) The Environmental Protection Commission
(7) The Commission for Protection of Child Rights
(8) The Commission for Protection of Minorities
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact law to provide for the
duties to be performed by the Commissions mentioned
above.
(C) The Federal Assembly shall have the power to create
additional Commissions and entrust them with duties.
Article 186. Human Rights Commission
(A) The Federal President shall appoint as members of the

Human Rights Commission the eleven persons whose names
have been submitted by the Chamber of Nationalities and
adopted by the Federal Assembly.
(B) The Commission shall have the right to freely investigate
cases of human rights violations, on its own accord, or on
receiving a report.
(C) The Human Rights Commission shall report its activities and
findings to the Federal Assembly.
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Article 187. Election Commission
The Federal President shall appoint eleven persons whose names

have been submitted by the Chamber of Nationalities and
approved by the Assembly of the Federal Union, as members
of the Election Commission.
Article 188. Truth and Reconciliation Commission
(A) To enable investigations into the injuries suffered by citizens

at the hands of the authorities at various levels prior to the
adoption of this constitution, a Truth and Reconciliation
Commission shall be established.
(B) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall enact laws
governing the establishment of the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, its term, responsibilities and mandate.
(C) The Commission shall be formed with an equal number of
male and female members.
(D) The Assembly of the Federal Union shall make law to
facilitate the work aimed at remedying the injuries suffered
during the transitional period.
Article 189. International Treaties
(A) If the Federal Assembly fails to approve an agreement that

needs legislation for successful implementation of it, the
agreement shall not be valid.
Proviso: This Article 189 (A) shall not apply to agreements between
governments relating to technological and management matters.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall decide whether it is technological
and management matters or not.
(C) If the Federal Assembly does not ratify an international
agreement, it shall not become part of the law of the Federal
Union.
Article 190. Conducting Census
(A) The Chamber of Peoples Representatives shall form a

Commission for the Census and entrust it with duties.
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(B) The Census shall be conducted at least once in every ten

years.
Article 191. Property Disclosure
(A) As a duty, a holder of political office shall disclose all cash

and assets owned by him/ her.
(B) The Federal and the State legislatures shall enact law concerning
Article 191 (A) mentioned above.
Article 192. Auditor General
With approval of the Federal assembly, the Federal President

shall appoint the person submitted by the Prime Minister as the
Auditor General. He/She shall have the independence to audit
all the Federal Governments accounts. The Auditor General shall
report his/her findings to the Federal Government and the
Federal Assembly.
Article 193. Federal Central Bank
(A) The Federal Assembly shall enact law to establish an
independent Federal Central Bank for the management and
control of financial matters of the Federal Union.
(B) The Federal Bank shall be responsible for the stability of the
value of the federal currency.
(C) The Federal Bank shall issue uniform federal currency notes
and coins.
Article 194. Expression of Public Opinion
(A) Any citizen may submit his/her opinion or advice, individually
or collectively, in writing with signature, to any authority or
legislative chamber.
(B) The Federal Assembly shall enact law concerning Article 194
(A) mentioned above.
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Article 195. Reserved Territories (Native Title)
(A) An area or part of an area, belonging traditionally to a

particular indigenous minority group in a Member State of
the Federal Union, may be reserved as a territory for that
group.
(B) Such reserved territories shall be set up in accordance with
provisions of the law enacted by the State Assemblies.
Article 196. Extradition
After commission of an offense in one Member State, an accused

who has fled and been arrested in another State, shall be extradited
on the request by the State, concerned, for extradition. However,
the State seeking extradition shall not force the other State on
the matter.
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Chapter (13)
Transitional Provisions
Article 197. Existing Laws
(A) Until and unless they are repealed or amended by the

Assembly of the Federal Union, all existing laws and rules,
as long as they do not contradict this Constitution, shall
remain in force.
(B) Until they are repealed or amended by the Assembly of the
Federal Union, all existing rules and regulations, decrees,
directives and procedures, as long as they do not contradict
this Constitution, shall remain in force.
Article 198. Existing Courts
The different levels of courts shall continue to exercise the judicial

powers, until the time when a judicial system shall have been
established, in accordance with this Constitution.
Article 199. Civil Service
All those who have been serving in the government service,

before this Constitution has been adopted, shall continue to serve
in their current positions.
Article 200. International Agreements and Conventions
(A) Except those made in accordance with the international laws,

agreements and conventions to which Burma has acceded
before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be reviewed
by the Federal Government and transmitted to the Federal
Assembly for further action.
(B) Only agreements and conventions that received further
approval of the Assembly of the Federal Union shall
continue to be valid.
144
Article 201. Census Enumeration
A Provisional Census Commission shall be formed, for

enumeration of census at the earliest date possible.
Article 202. Formation of States, Autonomous Regions,

National Areas and Federal Territories
(A) For the formation of the Federal Union with National States,
Nationalities States, and Federal Territories as provided for
under Article (48) and (49) in Chapter (3) of this Constitution,
consultation shall be made among the various nationalities
(B) For the formational of Autonomous Regions and National
Areas as provided for under Article (53) in Chapter (3) of
this Constitution, consultation shall be made among the
various nationalities living in the respective States.
(C) To elicit the true will of the nationalities, an Enquiry
Commission shall be formed where necessary and tasked it
with duties for this purpose.
(D) According to findings of the Enquiry Commission, if the
majority of the people in that area have the desire, it shall be
provided for in the Constitution.
145
k ajccHOya' ('kw,
d rl-urf;)
Chapter (14)
Amendment of the Constitution
Article 203. Amending the Constitution
(A) The Federal Assembly may amend the Constitution by a

specific bill or by addition of a provision to an Article;
(B) With respect to the following matters, the Constitution may
be amended only through a national referendum:
(1) Name of the Federal Union, as provided for in Article
(1);
(2) Political powers of the Member States, as provided for
in Article (2);
(3) Sovereign power of the Federal Union, as provided
for in Article (5);
(4) Legal territory of the Federal Union, as provided for in
Article (8);
(5) Multi-party democratic system, as provided for in Article
(9);
(6) Member States in the Federal Union, as provided for in
Articles (48);
(7) Organization of the Federal Assembly, as provided for
in Article (60);
(8) Organization of the Federal Government, as provided
for in Article 121(A).
(C) The Assembly of the Federal Union may amend provisions
not specified in Article 203(B) if two thirds of the Member
States of the Federal Union are in favor of their amendments.
Article 204. Adoption of Amendment to Constitution
Adoption of the amendment bill may be effected through the

following procedures:
(1) Bill to amend the Constitution may be introduced in either

the Chamber of Nationalities or the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives, with the support of at least one third of
the members of the Chamber or by the Member States
146
through the Chamber of Nationalities or by the citizens

through the members of the Chamber of Peoples
Representatives.
(2) The amendment bill shall be transmitted to Member States,
the Federal Government and the other Chamber, for
comment.
(3) The Federal Government and the Member States shall send
their comments to the Federal Assembly within forty five
days, after receipt of the amendment bill. The originating
Chamber may accept or reject such comments by a majority
vote.
(4) If approval by at least two thirds of the members in each
Chambers of the Assembly of the Federal Union is obtained
in connection with Article 203 (B), the bill must be sent to
the Assemblies of the States. If two thirds of the Member
States of the Federal Union approve the amendment, a
national referendum shall be held. The amendment shall
become law if more than half of the eligible voters vote
for it.
(5) If the proposed amendment concerns matters specified in
Article 203 (C), it shall become part of the Constitution, if
at least two thirds of the members of each Chamber of
the Federal Assembly, two thirds of the Member States and
a majority of the citizens voting in a national referendum
vote for it.
(6) If amendment is approved in accordance with the
procedure prescribed in Article 204 (4) and (5) above, the
Federal President shall promulgate the amendment in
accordance with Article 114 (L).
147
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ALL ABOUT CONSTITUTION IN MYANMAR ENGLISH-BURMESE VERSION

Research · August 2016

Myo AUNG Myanmar

RAKHINE STATE CRISIS IN MYANMAR View project

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2008 ckESpf? pufwifbmv

1. Basic Principles of the Union ... 3

2. State Structure ... 13

3. Head of State ... 19

7. Defence Services . . . 148

8. Citizen, Fundamental Rights and Duties of the Citizens . . . 149

10. Political Parties . . . 163

11. Provisions on State of Emergency . . . 165

12. Amendment of the Constitution . . . 173

14. Transitory Provisions . . . 177

15. General Provisions . . . 179

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

1. Myanmar is an independent sovereign Nation.

6. The Union’s consistent objectives are :

7. The Union practises genuine, disciplined multi-party democratic system.

8. The Union is constituted by the Union system.

2/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifpo

3/ Ekid if aH wmfonf wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d aygif;pkw

4/ Edik if aH wmf\ tcsKyt

5/ EdkifiHawmf\ajrxk? a&xkESifh avxkwdkYyg0ifaom e,fedrdwfonf þzGJUpnf;ykH

7/ Edik if aH wmfonf ppfreS í

8/ Edik if aH wmfukd jynfaxmifppk epfjzihf zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufonf/

11/ (u) EdkifiHawmftcsKyftjcmtmPm\ cufrokH;jzmjzpfonfh Oya'jyKa&;

12/ (u) EdkifiHawmf\ Oya'jyKa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? wdkif;

17/ (u) EdkifiHawmftkyfcsKyfa&;tmPmudk jynfaxmifpk? wdkif;a'oBuD;ESihf

19. The following are prescribed as judicial principles :

20/ (u) wyfrawmfonf tiftm;awmifw h if;Ny;D pGr;f &nfxufjrufaom acwfrD

22. The Union shall assist :

23. The Union shall :

22/ Edik if aH wmfonf —

23/ Edik if aH wmfonf awmifov l ,form;rsm;\ -

24/ EdkifiHawmfonf tvkyform;rsm;\ tcGifhta&;rsm; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef

25/ Edik if aH wmfonf todynm&Si?f twwfynm&Sirf sm;\tusK;d udk ulnaD qmif&u

28. The Union shall :

27/ EdkifiHawmfonf trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rI zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufckdifrma&;ESifh apmifha&Smuf

28/ Edik if aH wmfonf -

29/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vufrv I ,f,mrSpufrv

30/ Ekid if aH wmfonf pufrv

31/ EkdifiHawmfonf jynfolrsm; tvkyfvufrJhenf;yg;ap&ef wwfEdkiforQ ulnD

35. The economic system of the Union is market economy system.

36. The Union shall :

33/ Ekid if aH wmfonf vli,frsm; rsK;d csppf w d "f mwf &Sio

34/ Nidrf0yfydjym;a&;ESihfaomfvnf;aumif;? jynfolYudk,fusihfw&m;ESifhaomf

35/ Ekid if aH wmf\pD;yGm;a&;pepfonf aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;pepf jzpfonf/

36/ Ekid if aH wmfonf -

37. The Union :

40. (a) If there arises a state of emergency characterized by inability to perform

37/ Edik if aH wmfonf -

38/ (u) EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya'ESifhtnD a&G;aumufwifajr§mufcGifhESifh

40/ (u) wdkif;a'oBuD;wpfckwGifjzpfap? jynfe,fwpfe,fwGifjzpfap? udk,fydkif

43. No Penal law shall be enacted to provide retrospective effect.

44. No penalty shall be prescribed that violates human dignity.

45. The Union shall protect and conserve natural environment.

41/ EdkifiHawmfonf vGwfvyfíwuf<uNyD; buffrvdkufaom EdkifiHjcm;a&;0g'udk

42/ (u) Edik if aH wmfonf rnfonfEh ikd if u