Shaft Design

Objectives: at the end of this chapter, the students/ readers should be able to:

1. Define shaft;
2. Derive formulas and apply it in solving problems; and
3. Practice exam in the multiple choice test to master the usual question and problem in the licensure examination.

Shaft is a rotating or stationary member having a circular cross section much smaller in diameter than the shaft length and having mounted on it power-transmitting elements as
pulleys, gears, belts, chains cams, flywheels, cranks, sprocket, and rolling element bearing. Shaft could be main shaft, line shaft, transmission shaft, machine shaft and other
similar form.

Main shaft is the receiving its power from the engine or motor and transmitting power to other parts.

Line shaft is a shaft used to transmit power from a central source to individual machines.

Transmission shaft is the shaft transmitting power between the source and the machines absorbing the power.

Machine shaft is the shaft used as an integral part of the machine itself.

Axle is a stationary member of primarily loaded in bending with gears, pulleys and wheels rotating on it.

Counter shaft is a secondary shaft that is driven by a main shaft from which power is supplied to a machine part. It is also known as a spindle.

Jackshaft is a countershaft, especially when used as an auxiliary shaft between two other shafts.
Head shaft is the shaft driven by a chain and mounted at the delivery end of a chain conveyor. It serves as the mount for a sprocket which driven the drag chain.

Formula:

1. For main power transmitting shafts

𝐷3 𝑁
𝑃=
80
Where:
P = power transmitted
D = shaft diameter
N = rotative speed
80 = constant value

2. For line shaft carrying pulley

𝐷3 𝑁
𝑃=
53.5

Where:

P = power transmitted

D = shaft diameter

N = rotative speed

53.5 = constant value

3. For small, short shaft and counter shaft

𝐷 3𝑁
𝑃=
38
Where:
 P = power transmitted
D = shaft diameter
N = rotative speed
38 = constannt value

4. Power transmitted

𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
Where:
P = power transmitted
N = rotative speed
T = torque

5. Twisting moment for shafts of any cross section

𝑇 = 𝑆𝑠 𝑍𝑝

Where:
T = torque transmitted
𝑆𝑠 = torsional shear stress
𝑍𝑝 = polar section modulus

6. Torque transmitted for solid circular shaft

𝐷2 𝑆𝑠
𝑇=
5.1

Where:
T = torque transmitted
D = shaft diameter
𝑆𝑠 = torsional shear stress
5.1 = constant value

7. Pure torsional shear stress(solid)

𝑇𝑐 16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 = =
𝐽 𝜋𝐷3
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
T = torque transmitted
D = shaft diameter
𝑆𝑠 = torsional shear stress
𝐽 = polar moment of inertia
𝑐 = distance from the neutral axis to the outer most fiber

8. Pure flexural or bending stress

𝑀𝑐 32𝑀
𝑆𝑓 = =
𝐼 𝜋𝐷3
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
M = bending moment
c = distance from the outer most fiber
I = rectangular moment of inertia
𝑆𝑓 = flexural or bending stress

9. Pure torsional stress(hollow)

16𝑀𝐷𝑜
𝑆𝑠 =
𝜋(𝐷𝑜 4 − 𝐷𝑖 4 )
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
T = twisting moment
Do = outside diameter
Di = inside diameter
Ss = torsional stress

10. Pure flexural or bending stress (hollow)

32𝑀𝐷𝑜
𝑆𝑓 =
𝜋(𝐷𝑜 4 − 𝐷𝑖 4 )
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
M = bending moment
𝑆𝑓 = flexural or bending stress
Ss = torsional stress
Do = outside diameter
Di = inside diameter

11. Combined torsion and bending stress

16
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = [𝑀 + √𝑀 2 + 𝑇 2]
𝜋𝐷3
 16 3
𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐷 √𝑀 2 + 𝑇 2
𝜋

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑀 = bending moment
D = shaft diameter
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = maximum tensile stress
𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = maximum shearing stress
T = twisting moment
12. Combined torsion and bending considering shock and fatigue factor
16
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [𝐾 𝑀 + √(𝐾𝑚 𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑠 𝑇)2]
𝜋𝐷3 𝑚

16
𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = √(𝐾𝑚 𝑀)2 + (𝐾𝑠 𝑇)2
𝜋𝐷3
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
M = bending moment
D = shaft diameter
𝑆𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = maximum tensile stress
𝑆𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = maximum shearing stress
T = twisting moment
Km = numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every case to the computed bending moment
Ks = numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every case to the computed torsional moment

Shock and fatigue factors for shafts

Nature of loading 𝑲𝒔 𝑲𝒎
Stationary shaft
Gradually applied loads 1.0 1.0
Suddenly applied loads 1.5-2.0 1.5-2.0
Rotating shafts
Gradual applied or steady loads 1.5 1.0
Suddenly applied loads minor shocks only 1.5-2.0 1.5-2.0
Suddenly applied loads, heavy shocks 2.0-3.0 1.5-3.0

13. Vertical shear

16𝑉 4𝑉
𝑆𝑣 = =
3𝜋 2 3𝐴

Where:
V = vertical load
A = cross-sectional area
D = diameter
14. Angular deformation (solid)
𝑇𝐿 𝑇𝐿
𝜃= = 𝜋 4
𝐽𝐺 𝐷 𝐺
32
Where:
𝜃 = angular deformation
T = torque
L = length
D = diameter
G = modulus of rigidity
15. Angular deformation (hollow)
𝑇𝐿
𝜃= 𝜋
(𝐷𝑜 4 − 𝐷𝑖 4 )𝐺
32
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝜃 = angular deformation
T = torque
Do = outside diameter
Di = inside diameter
G = modulus of elasticity

Standard sizes of transmission shaft

15 3 7 11 15 2
𝑖𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑖𝑛 2 𝑖𝑛
16 16 16 16 16 16
2 15 7 15 7 15
2 𝑖𝑛 2 𝑖𝑛 3 𝑖𝑛 3 𝑖𝑛 4 𝑖𝑛 4 𝑖𝑛
16
16 16 16 16 16
7 15 1 7 in 1 8in
5 𝑖𝑛 5 𝑖𝑛 6 𝑖𝑛 7 𝑖𝑛
16 16 2 2
Instruction: Choose the correct answer in the problems below and check your answers whether you PASS the TEST or NOT and then answer it again until you master it.

1. ME board October 2003

A torque of 3142 foot-pound is applied to one end of a solid cylindrical shaft fastened at the other end. The maximum shearing stresses closet to
A. 20500psi
B. 3500psi
C. 3000psi
D. 3142psi

2. ME board April 2003

A chromium SAE 4340 steel 6 in. in diameter by 24 in. long shafting weight 87.3 kgs. How about the weight in lbs of an AISI 1030 steel shaft on the same dimension?
A. 173.5 lbs
B. 182.3 lbs
C. 192.5 lbs
D. 217.5 lbs

3. ME board April 2003

Determine the power transmitted by a main power transmitting steel shaft with 2 7/8 inches in outside diameter. SAE 1040 driving conveyor head pulleys at a shaft speed of 150
rpm.
A. 45 hp
B. 50 hp
C. 55 hp
D. 60 hp
4. ME board April 2003
Design the safe diameter for a power transmitting shaft to transmit 30 hp at a shaft speed of 180 rpm.
A. 2.25
B. 2.50
C. 3.25
D. 2.38

5. ME board April 2003

What would be the diameter in millimetres of a main power transmitting steel shaft SAE 1040 to transmit 100KW at 600 rpm?
A. 67
B. 47
C. 76
D. 56

6. ME board April 2003

Find the diameter of a main power transmitting shaft in mm to transmit 100 kw at 400 rpm.
A. 48
B. 67
C. 76
D. 84

7. ME board October 2002

What power in watt would a short shaft 40 mm in diameter transmit a 300 rpm.
A. 23,132
B. 13,880
C. 12,400
D. 27,750
8. ME board October 2002
Compute the outside diameter in mm of a main power transmitting SAE low carbon steel shaft to transmit 200 kw at 800 rpm.
A. 87
B. 97
C. 67
 D. 77
9. ME board October 2002
Compute for the diameter of a line shaft to transmit 25 hp in a speed of 225 rpm designs tress is 6ksi.
A. 17/8 in
B. 2.00 in
C. 15/8 in
D. 1.00 in
10. Me board October 2002
Determine the diameter in inches of a SAE 140 steel line shaft to transmit 20 hp at 200 rpm.
A. 1.25
B. 1.75
C. 2.00
D. 1.50
11. ME board October 2002
Compute for the diameter of a shaft to transmit 15 hp at 120 rpm with torsional deflection not to exceed 0.80 degft length shaft is 4ft.
A. 3.60 in
B. 2.75 in
C. 3.15 in
D. 2.25 in
12. ME board April 2002
Compute for the diameter of a steel long shaft to transmit 15 hp at 120 rpm. The allowable torsional deflection limit is 0.08/foot of length.
A. 2.35
B. 2.75
C. 3.00
D. 3.25
13. ME board April 2002
Compute for the power transmitted by a journal shaft 55 mm in diameter at a speed of 360.
A. 59
B. 65
C. 72
D. 79
14. ME board April 2002
Compute for the diameter in millimetres of a main power transmitting SAE 1010 steel shaft to transmit 100 kw at 800 rpm.
A. 41
B. 51
C. 61
D. 71
15. Me board April 2002
What will be the ultimate length of a 5-inch diameter steel dhaft subjected to 28,000 in-lb twisting moment to reach the maximum allowable angular deflection 0.08 degree/ft.
leng. Use torsional modulus of elasticity of 12 x 10⁶lb/𝑖𝑛2 .
A. 31.2 in
B. 5 ft
C. 36.7 in
D. 48.7 in
16. ME board April 2002
If the weight of ⅟₂” x 4” x 8 plaincarbon steel is 652 lbs, what will be the weight of a high chrome abrasion resistant steel of same size in kgs?
A. 513
B. 592
C. 2.96
D. 3.55
17. ME board April 2002
Compute for the diameter of a power transmitting shaft in millimeters to transmit 200 kw at 600 rpm.
A. 48
B. 68
C. 84
D. 96
18. ME board April 2002
Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees for a 3 7/8 in. OD x 48 in. long steel shafting which is subjected to 28,000 in.lb twisting moment. Use a torsional modulus of
elasticity of 12,000,000 psi.
A. 0.29
B. 0.31
C. 0.38
D. 0.35
19. ME board April 2002
Determine the torsional deflection in degrees of SAE 1040 steel shafting of 120 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long subjected to a twisting of 120 mm in diameter and 1.4 m long
subjected to a twisting moment of 3,00 N.m. the torsional of elasticity is 80,00 Mpa.
A. 1.285
B. 0.148
C. 1.480
D. 0.285
20. ME board October 2001
A line shaft having a diameter of 2 inches at 180 rpm and having maximum torsional deflection of 0.80 degree/ft length. Find the horsepower developed.
A. 27
 B. 30
C. 38
D. 46
21. ME board April 2001
Compute for the diameter in inches of a SAE 1030 steel shaft to transmit 12 hp at 120 rpm with torsional deflection below 0.80 degree/ foot length as required.
A. 27/8
B. 25/8
C. 21/4
D. 23/8
22. ME board April 2001
Determine the diameter of the chain driven power transmitting steel shaft to transmit 200 hp at 400 rpm.
A. 4
B. 2 5/8
C. 3
D. 3⅟₂
23. ME board April 2001
Find the diameter of a SAE 1040 line shaft to transmit 10 kw at 120 rpm with a torsional deflection not exceeding 0.26 degree/meter length 0.80 degree/foot length. Shaft
allowable stress is 8000 psi.
A. 68 mm
B. 60 mm
C. 55 mm
D. 75 mm
24. ME board April 2001
Determine the diameter of a steel line shaft to transmit 20 hp
at a speed of 300 rpmwith a torsional deflection not to exceed 0.08 degree/foot length.
A. 2.34 in
B. 3.00 in
C. 1.89 in
D. 2.70 in
25. ME board April 2002
Determine the horsepower transmitted by a pair of friction wheels with a driving wheel diameter of 12 in. resolves at 240 rpm. The face width of the wheel is 3 in. given a
force/inch width of face at 200 and the coefficient of friction at 0.20 thus C= 0.00032.
A. 3.30
B. 2.80
C. 2.00
D. 2.22

Solution to Test 16
1. C 3000 psi
From machinery’s handbook
D = 0.29 4√𝑇
𝑖𝑛.
D = 0.29√3142𝑓𝑡. 𝑙𝑏 𝑥 12
𝑓𝑡

D = 4.00 in.

Form torsional strength equation

Ss = torsional shear stress
16𝑇
Ss =
𝜋𝐷 3
16(3.14 𝑥 12)
Ss =
𝜋(4.00)3
Ss = 3000 psi

2. C 192.5 lbs
W = wiegth
2.205𝑙𝑏𝑠
W = 87.3 kg x
1𝑘𝑔
W= 192.5 lbs

3. S 45 hp
P = power
𝐷3𝑁
P=
80
7 3
(28) (150)
P=
80
P = 45 hp

4. D 2.38 in.
D = shaft diameter
3 80𝑃
D=√
𝑁

3 (80 (30))
D=√
180
D = 2.38 in
5. A 67 mm
D = shaft diameter
3 80𝑃
D=√
𝑁
3 100
80( )
D=√ 0.746
600
D = 67 mm

6. C 76 mm
D = shaft diameter
3 80𝑃
D=√
𝑁
3 100
80( )
D=√ 0.746
400
D = 2.9929 in
D = 76 mm

7. A 23,132 watts
P = power transmitted
𝐷3𝑁
P=
38
1𝑖𝑛 3
(40𝑚𝑚 𝑥 25.4𝑚𝑚) (300)
P=
38
746 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
P =30.833 hp x
1ℎ𝑝
P = 23,132 watts

8. D 77 mm
3 80𝑃
D=√
𝑁
3 100
80( )
D = √ 0.746
800
25.4𝑚𝑚
D = 2.9929 in x
1𝑖𝑛
D = 77 mm

7
9. A 1 𝑖𝑛.
8
T = torque transmitted
𝑃
T=
2𝜋𝑁
25 𝑥 33000 𝑥 12
T=
2𝜋(225)
T = 7002.82 in.lb
D = diameter
3 16𝑇
D=√
𝜋𝑆𝑠

3 10(7002.82)
D=√
𝜋(6000)

D = 1.81 in.
7
D = 1 𝑖𝑛
8

10. B 1.75
D = diameter
3 53.5𝑃
D=√
𝑁

3 53.5(20)
D=√
200
D = 1.75 in

11. B 2.75 in
From machinery’s handbook
D = shaft diameter
4 𝑃
D = 4.6 √
𝑁

4 15
D = 4.6√
120
D = 2.74 in.

12. B 2.75 in
From machinery’s handbook
D = shaft diameter
4 𝑃
D = 4.6 √
𝑁
 4 15
D = 4.6√
120
D = 2.74 in.

13. C 72 kw
P = power transmitted
𝐷3𝑁
P=
38
55 3
(25.4) (360)
P=
38
0.746𝑘𝑤
P = 96.18 hp x
1ℎ𝑝
P = 72 kw

14. C 61 mm
D = shaft diameter
3 (80𝑃)
D=√
𝑁
3 100
80( )
D=√ 0.746
800
25.4 𝑚𝑚
D = 2.375 in x
1𝑖𝑛
D = 60.34 mm

15. C 36.7 in.

L = length of the shaft
𝜃𝐽𝐺
L=
𝑇

Solving for 𝜃

0.08°0 𝜋
𝜃= 𝑥
𝑓𝑡 1800
𝜃 = 0.001396 𝑟𝑎𝑑
Solving for polar moment of inertia

𝜋𝐷 4
J=
32
5 4
𝜋( )
12
J=
32
J = 0.00295906 𝑖𝑛4

Substituting the values

(0.0001396)(0.00295906)(12 𝑥 10) 6
L=
28,000
12𝑖𝑛
L = 306 ft x
1𝑓𝑡
L = 36.7 in.

16. C 296 kg
W = weight of a high chrome abrasion resistant steel
1𝑘𝑔
W = 652 lbs x
2.205 𝑙𝑏𝑠
W = 296 kg

17. C 84 mm
D = shaft diameter
3 80𝑃
D=√
𝑁
3 200
80( )
D=√ 0.746
600
25.4𝑚𝑚
D = 3.29 in. x
1𝑖𝑛.
D = 84mm

18. A 0.29
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺

(28,000)(48) 180
𝜃= 7 4
𝑥
𝜋(3 ) 𝜋
8
(12 𝑥 106 )
32

𝜃 = 0.29°
 Type equation here.

19. B 0.148
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺

(3000)(1.4) 180°
𝜃= 120 4
𝑥
𝜋( ) 𝑁 1000𝑚𝑚 2 𝜋
1000
(80,000 )( )
32 𝑚𝑚2 1𝑚

𝜃 = 0.148°

20. A 27
P = power transmitted
𝐷3𝑁
P=
53.5
(2) 3 (180)
P=
53.5
P = 27 hpType equation here.

5
21. B2
8
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁

𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏
(12ℎ𝑝) (3300 )
ℎ𝑝.𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇= 𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋𝑟𝑒𝑣 (120 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑇 = 525.21 𝑓𝑡. 𝑙𝑏

𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

4 𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
𝜃( )𝐺
32

4 (525.21)(12)(12)
𝐷= √ 𝜋 𝜋
(0.08) ( ) (12,000,000)
180 32
𝐷 = 2.604 𝑖𝑛
5
𝐷 = 2 𝑖𝑛
8

1
22. D3
2
𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 80𝑃
𝐷= √
𝑁

3 80(200)
𝐷= √
400
1
𝐷 = 3.42 𝑖𝑛. 𝑜𝑟 3 𝑖𝑛.
2

23. A 68 mm
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
10,000
𝑇= 120
2𝜋 ( )
60
𝑇 = 795.77 𝑁. 𝑚

𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
4 𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
𝜃( )𝐺
32

4 795.77(1)
𝐷= √ 𝜋 𝜋 101.325
0.26 ( ) ( ) (12 𝑥 106 ) ( ) (1000)
180 32 14.7
1000𝑚
𝐷 = 0.068𝑚 𝑥
1𝑚
 𝐷 = 68 𝑚𝑚

24. A 2.34in
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑓𝑡.𝑙𝑏
(20ℎ𝑝) (33,000 )
ℎ𝑝.𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇= 𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋 (300 )
𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇 = 350.141 𝑓𝑡. 𝑙𝑏

𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
4 𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
𝜃( )𝐺
32

4 350.14(1)
𝐷 = √𝜋 𝜋
(0.80) ( ) (12 𝑥 106 )(144)
32 180
𝐷 = 2.353𝑖𝑛

25. B 2.8 hp
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑇 = 𝐹. 𝑟. 𝑓
𝑙𝑏
𝑇 = (200 ) (3𝑖𝑛)(6𝑖𝑛)(0.20)
𝑖𝑛
𝑇 = 720 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏

𝑃 = ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
1 1 1
𝑃 = 2𝜋(720) (240𝑥 ) ( ) ( )
60 12 550
𝑃 = 2.74 ℎ𝑝

Performance score Performance rating status remarks

21 – 25 Above 84 % Topnotchers Very good
18 – 20 70 to 83% Passers Good
13 – 17 50 to 69% Qualifiers Poor
12 – below 49 below Failed Very good

Test 37

Instruction: Choose the correct answer in the problems below and check your answers whether you PASS the TEST or NOT and then answer it again until you master it.

1. ME board October 2000

Compute for the torsional deflection in degrees of a 110 mm diameter, 1.4 m long shaft subjected to a twisting moment of 3𝑥 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚. The torsional modulus of elasticity is
83,00Mpa.
A. 0.27
B. 0.31
C. 0.20
D. 0.24
2. ME board October 2000
Find the torsional moment in newton-meter developed when the dhaft delivers 20 kw at 200rpm.
A. 0.85𝑥106
B. 1.0𝑥106
C. 1.20𝑥106
D. 2.10𝑥106
3. ME board October 2000
Compute for the twisting moment in in.lb developed when the shaft delivers 20 hp at 1200rpm.
A. 1166
B. 915
C. 1050
D. 945
4. ME board October 2000
Find the torsional deflection in degrees of a solid stell shaft, 110mm OD 1.4 m long subjected to 3.1𝑥106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚. the torsional modulus of elasticity is 80,000Mpa.
A. 0.22
B. 0.195
C. 0.28
D. 0.24
5. ME board October 2000
A short shaft transmits 200 hp at 300 rpm. Determine the diameter of the shaft in inches.
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 3
6. ME board April 2000
What power in kw would a 2 inches diameter short shaft transmit at 500 rpm. The modulus of elasticity is at 12,000,000 psi.
A. 53
B. 58
C. 65
D. 78
7. ME board April 2000
Compute for the diameter in inches of a conveyor head pulley SAE 4130 solid tell shaft being driven by a 20 hp drive motor through a gear reducer with 120 rpm output. The
torsional deflection is 0.60 degrees/foot of shaft length and the modulus of elasticity is 30𝑥106 𝑝𝑠𝑖 in tension.
A. 2.25
B. 2.50
C. 2.75
D. 3.25
8. ME board April 2000
Compute for the diameter of an overload crane travel shaft that transmit 10 hp of the electric motor at gear reduced rpm of 150
and with torsional deflection of 0.60 deg/ft shaft length.
3
A. 1
4
1
B. 2
4
5
C. 2
8
1
D. 3
4
9. ME board October 1999
Find the diameter of a SAE 1030 line shaft 20 ft overload crane travel drive at 180 rpm. The drive motor used is 10 hp. The torsional modulus of elasticity of this shaft is at 115
106 psi within torsional deflection within the 0.80 degree per foot length limit.
A. 1.25 in
B. 1.50 in
C. 1.75 in
D. 2.27 in
10. Me board October 1999
Find the diameter in inches of an alloy steel shaft transmit 200 hp at 400 rpm. The ultimate strength of the shaft material is 110 ksi and modlus of elasticity is 30 𝑥 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖.
3
A. 2
4
7
B. 2
8
1
C. 3
4
7
D. 3
16
11. ME board April 1999
Find the torsional deflection in degrees of a solid steel shaft 110 mm OD X 1.4 m long, subjected to 3.1𝑥106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚. the torsional modulus of elasticity is 80,000 Mpa.
A. 0.18
B. 0.20
C. 0.22
D. 0.28
12. ME board April 1999
Determine the diameter in inches of a small tell countershaft that delivers 13.31 hp at a speed of 15.7 rad/sec. the material allowable design stress is 8.5 ksi.
A. 1.25
B. 1.50
C. 1.75
D. 2.00
13. Me board October 1998
Compute the speed of the gear in inches mounted in a 52.5 mm diameter shaft receiving power from a prime motor with 250 hp.
A. 2182 rpm
B. 2081 rpm
C. 2265 rpm
D. 2341 rpm
14. ME board April 1998
Compute the diameter of a solid shaft transmitting 75 hp at 1800 rpm. The nature of the load and the type of service is such that the allowable Ss based on pure torsion is
6000psi.
7
A. 1
8
1
B. 2
16
5
C. 1
16
 1
D. 3
8
15. ME board April 1998
1
A small counter shaft is 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ in diameter and has an allowable stress of 8500 psi. Find the horsepower delivered by the shaft at a speed of 15.7 rad/sec.
2
A. 7.20
B. 1.40
C. 13.31
D. 14.72
16. Me board April 1998
The shaft is subjected to a steady load 36,000 in.lb at a shear stress of 10,000 psi. Compute the diameter of the said shaft in inches.
7
A. 1
8
1
B. 2
4
C. 3
3
D. 2
4
17. ME board April 1998
A 16 ft steel line shaft has no bending action except its own weight. What power in hp can the haft deliver at a speed of 200 rpm. Consider that the torsional deflection will not
exceed 0.008/ft of length.
A. 13.2
B. 15.3
C. 24.4
D. 14.6
18. ME board April 1998
1
The torsional deformation od a SAE 1040 steel shaft to 0.8° in a lemgth of meter. The shear stress is 69 Mpa. Compute the diameter of the shaft in millimetre. Steel modulus of
2
elasticity in shear is 79,300Mpa.
A. 50
B. 52
C. 62
D. 75

19. ME board October 1997

If the weight of 6 in. diameter by 48 in. long SAE 1030 shafting is 174.5 kg, then what will be the weight of chromium SAE 51416 of same size?
A. 305.5 lbs
B. 384.8 lbs
C. 426.4 lbs
D. 465.1 lbs

20. ME board April 1997

Determine the torque received by the motor shaft running at 4250 rpm, transmitting 11 hp, through a 10 in. diameter, 20° involutes gear. The shaft is supported by ball bearing
at both ends and the gear is fixed at the middle of 8 in. shaft length.
A. 163 lbs
B. 167 lbs
C. 132 lbs
D. 138 lbs

21. . ME board April1997

3
Determine the estimated volume of a "x 6" x 20' steel plate.
4
A. 1809 𝑖𝑛3
B. 1490𝑖𝑛3
C. 1709𝑖𝑛3
D. 1080𝑖𝑛3

22. ME board April 1997

𝑁
What power would a spindle 55 mm in diameter transmit at 480 rpm stress allowable for short shaft is 59 .
𝑚𝑚2
A. 55.00 kw
B. 50.61
C. 61.37
D. 39.21

23. ME board October 1996

Compute the power transmitted in hp by the shaft rotating 1200 rpm and subjected to torsional moment of 1200 N.m.
A. 202
B. 252
C. 150
D. 171

24. ME board October 1996

Compute the line shaft diameter to transmit 12 hp at 180 rpm with torsional deflection of 0.08 degrees per ft length.
A. 3.0 in
B. 2.0 in
C. 1.53 in
D. 1.23 in

25. ME board October 1996

 Compute the nominal shear stress at the surface in Mpa for a 40 mm diameter shaft that transmit 750 kw at 1500 rpm. Axial and bending loads are assumed negligible. Torsional
shearing stress is 28 Mpa.
A. 218
B. 312
C. 232
D. 380

Type equation here.

Solution to Test 17

1. C 0.20

𝜃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺

(3𝑥106 )(1400)
𝜃= 𝜋
( ) (100) 4(83,000)
32

180°
𝜃 = 0.00352 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜋𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝜃 = 0.20°

2. B 1.0𝑥106
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃
𝑇=
2 𝜋𝑁
20(1𝑥106 )
𝑇= 200
2𝜋 ( )
60
𝑇 = 0.9549929𝑥106
3. C 1050 in.lb
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁
(20)(33,000)(12)
𝑇=
2𝜋(1200)
𝑇 = 1050 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏
4. A 0.22°
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺
(3.1𝑥106 )(1400) 180
𝜃= 𝜋 𝑥
(110) 4(80,000) 𝜋
32
𝜃 = 0.22°
5. D 3 in.
𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 (38)(200)
𝐷= √
300
𝐷 = 3.00 𝑖𝑛,
6. D 78
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝐷3 𝑁
𝑃=
38
(2)3 (500)
𝑃=
38
0.746𝑘𝑤
𝑃 = 105.26 ℎ𝑝 𝑥
1ℎ𝑝
𝑃 = 78 𝑘𝑤
7. D 3.25
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
2𝜋𝑇𝑁
𝑃=
33,000
2𝜋𝑇(120)
20 =
33,000
𝑇 = 875.35 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑠

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
 4 𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
( ) (𝜃)(𝐺)
32

(875.35)(12)(12)
𝐷= √ 𝜋 𝜋
( ) (0.06) ( ) (12𝑥106 )
32 180
𝐷 = 3.18 𝑖𝑛. 𝑜𝑟 3.25 𝑖𝑛.
5
8. C2
8
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁

2𝜋𝑇(150)
10 =
33,000(12)

𝑇 = 4201.69 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
( ) (𝜃)(𝐺)
32

4201.69(12)
𝐷= √ 𝜋 𝜋
( )( ) (0.06)(12𝑥106 )
32 180

5
𝐷 = 2.53 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑖𝑛
8

9. D 2.27 in
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
2𝜋𝑇(180)
10 =
33,000(12)
𝑇 = 3501.41 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
4 𝑇𝐿
𝐷= √ 𝜋
( ) (𝜃)(𝐺)
32

4 3501.41(12)
𝐷 = √𝜋 𝜋
(0.08) ( ) (11.5𝑥106 )
32 180
1
𝐷 = 2.27 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 2 𝑖𝑛
4
7
10. D3
16
𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 80𝑃
𝐷= √
𝑁

3 80(200)
𝐷= √
400
7
𝐷 = 3.42 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑟 3 𝑖𝑛
16
11. C 0.22
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺
3.1𝑥106 (1400)
𝜃 = 𝜋(110)
(80,000)
32
180
𝜃 = 0.037742 ( )
𝜋
𝜃 = 0.22 deg
12. B 1.50
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃
𝑇=
𝜔
13.31(550)(12)
𝑇=
15.7
𝑇 = 5591.08 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 16𝑇
𝐷= √
𝜋𝑆
 3 16(5591.08)
𝐷= √
𝜋(8500)
𝐷 = 1.50 𝑖𝑛
13. C 2265 rpm
𝑁 = 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
80𝑃
𝑁= 3
𝐷
80(250)
𝑁=
52.5 3
( )
25.4
𝑁 = 2265 𝑟𝑝𝑚
5
14. C1 𝑖𝑛
16
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
2𝜋𝑇(1800)
75 =
33,000(12)
𝑇 = 2626.056𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 16𝑇
𝐷=√
𝜋𝑆

3 16(2626.056)
𝐷= √
𝜋(6000)
5
𝐷= 1 𝑖𝑛
16
15. C 13.31 hp
𝑁 = 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
15.7𝑥60
𝑁=
2𝜋
𝑁 = 150 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝐷3 𝑁
𝑃=
38
(1.5)3 (150)
𝑃=
38
𝑃 = 13.32 ℎ𝑝
3
16. D 2 in
4
𝐷 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 16𝑇
𝐷= √
𝜋𝑆𝑠

3 16(36,000)
𝐷= √
𝜋(10,000)
𝐷 = 2.636 𝑖𝑛
17. D 14.6
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑦 ′ 𝑠𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘
2 𝐿
𝐷3 =
8.95
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
16 2
𝐷= ( )
8.95
𝐷 = 2.39 𝑖𝑛.
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑦 ′ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘
𝐷 4
𝐻𝑝 = ( ) 𝑁
4.6
𝐻𝑝 = ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
2.39 4
𝐻𝑝 = ( ) (200)
4.6
𝐻𝑝 = 14.6
18. C 62
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑆𝑆 𝜋𝐷3
𝑇=
16
𝑇 = 13.548𝐷3
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑇𝐿
𝜃=
𝐽𝐺
1
𝜋 13.548𝐷3 ( )
2
0.08 ( )= 𝜋 4
180 𝐷 (79,300)
32
𝐷 = 0.0623𝑚
𝐷 = 62.32𝑚𝑚
19. B 384.81 lbs
 𝑊 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑚
𝑙𝑏𝑠
𝑊 = 174.5𝑘𝑔 𝑥 2.205
𝑘𝑔
𝑊 = 384.0 𝑙𝑏𝑠
20. A 163 in.lbs
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁
𝑓𝑡−𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛
11ℎ𝑝𝑥33,000 𝑥 12
ℎ𝑝−𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝑇= 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑣
2𝜋 (4250)
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑇 = 163.12 𝑖𝑛. 𝑙𝑏
3
21. D 1080𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑉 =𝑡𝑥𝑤𝑥𝐿
𝑖𝑛
𝑉 = 0.75𝑖𝑛 𝑥 6𝑖𝑛 𝑥 20𝑓𝑡 𝑥 12
𝑓𝑡
𝑉 = 1080 𝑖𝑛3
22. A 95 kw
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝐷3 𝑁
𝑃=
38
1𝑖𝑛 3
(55𝑚 𝑥 ) (480)
25.4𝑚𝑚
𝑃=
38
𝑘𝑤
𝑃 = 128.24 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 0.746
ℎ𝑝
𝑃 = 95.67 𝑘𝑤
23. A 202
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑣 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑃 = 2𝜋 (1200𝑁. 𝑚) (1200 )( )
𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑃 = 95.67 𝑘𝑤
24. C 1.53 in.
𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
3 53.5𝑃
𝐷= √
180

3 53.5(12)
𝐷= √
180
𝐷 = 1.53
25. D 380
𝑇 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑃
𝑇=
2𝜋𝑁
750
𝑇= 1500
2𝜋 ( )
60
𝑇 = 4.7746 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝑇 = 4.7746 𝑥 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
16𝑇
𝑆𝑠 =
𝜋𝐷3
16(4.7746 𝑥 106 )
𝑆𝑠 =
𝜋(40)3
𝑆𝑠 = 380 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Performance score Performance rating status remarks

21 – 25 Above 84 % Topnotchers Very good
18 – 20 70 to 83% Passers Good
13 – 17 50 to 69% Qualifiers Poor
12 – below 49 below Failed Very good

Test 38

Instruction: Choose the correct answer in the problems below and check your answers whether you PASS the TEST or NOT and then answer it again until you master it.

1. A basic shaft is one whose

A. Lower deviation is zero
B. Upper deviation is zero
C. Lower and upper deviation are zero
D. None of the above
2. The standard length of the shaft is
A. 5m
B. 6m
 C. 7m
D. All of the above
3. Two shafts A and B are made of the same material. The siameter of the shaft B. the power transmitted by the shaft
A. Twice
B. Four times
C. Eight times
D. Sixteen times
4. Two shafts A and B of solid circular cross-section are identical except for their diameter 𝑑𝐴 and 𝑑𝐵 . The ratio of power transmitted by the shaft A to that shaft B is
𝑑𝐴
A.
𝑑𝐵
(𝑑𝐴 )2
B.
(𝑑𝐵 )2
(𝑑𝐴 )3
C.
(𝑑𝐵 )3
(𝑑𝐴 )4
D.
(𝑑𝐵 )4

5. Two shaft will have equal strength if

A. Diameter of both the shaft is the same
B. Angle of twist of both the shafts is the same
C. Material of both the shafts id the same
D. Twisting moment of both the shafts is the same
6. A transmission shaft subjected to bending loads must be designed
On the basis of
A. Maximum normal stress theory
B. Maximum shear stress theory
C. Maximum normal stress and maximum shear stress theories
D. Fatigue strength
7. The residential compressive stress by the way of surface treatment of a machine member subjected to fatigue loading.
A. Improves the fatigue life
B. Deteriorates the fatigue life
C. Does not affect the fatigue life
D. Immediately fractures specimen
8. When shaft is subjected to a bending moment M and a twisting moment T, then the equivalent twisting moment is equal to..
A. M+T
B. 𝑀2 + 𝑇 2
C. √𝑀 2 + 𝑇 2
D. √𝑀 2 − 𝑇 2

9. The maximum shear stress theory is used for

A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Plastic materials
D. Non-ferrous materials
10. The maximum normal stress theory is used for
A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Plastic materials
D. Non-ferrous material
11. The design of shafts made of brittle materials is based on
A. Guest’s theory
B. Rankine’s theory
C. St. venant’s theory
D. Von mises theory
12. Hooke’s law holds well up to
A. Yield point
B. Elastic limit
C. Plastic limit
D. Breaking point
13. The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is called
A. Modulus of elasticity
B. Modulus of rigidity
C. Bulk modulus
D. Poisson’sratio
14. The modulus of elasticity for mild steel is approximately equal to
A. 80KN/𝑚𝑚2
B. 110KN/𝑚𝑚2
C. 100KN/ 𝑚𝑚2
D. 210KN/𝑚𝑚2
15. When the material is loaded within elastic limit the stress is______to train.
A. Equal
B. Directly proportional
C. Inversely proportional
D. Not equal
16. When a hole of diameter “d” is punched in ametal of thickness “t” then the force required to punch a hole is equal to
 A. dT𝑆𝑢
B. 𝜋𝑑𝑇𝑆𝑢
𝜋 2
C. 𝑑 𝑆𝑢
4
𝜋
D. 𝑑2 𝑆𝑢
4
17. The ratio of the ultimate stress to the design stress is known as
A. elastic limit
B. strain
C. factor of safety
D. bulk modulus
18. the factor of safety for steel and steady load is
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
19. An aluminium member is designated based on
A. Yield stress
B. Elastic limit stress
C. Proof stress
D. Ultimate stress
20. In a body, s thermal stress is one, which arises because of the existence of
A. Latent heat
B. Temperature gradient
C. Total heat
D. Specific heat
21. A localized compressive stress at the area of contact between two
membersis known as
A. Tensile stress
B. Bending stress
C. Bearing stress
D. Shear stress
22. The poisson’s ratio for steel varies from
A. 0.21 to 0.25
B. 0.25 to 0.33
C. 0.33 to 0.38
D. 0.38 to 0.45
23. The stress in the bar when load is applied suddenly is_____as compared to the stress
A. Same
B. Double
C. Three times
D. Four times
24. The energy stored in a body when strained within elastic limit is known as
A. Resilience
B. Proof resilience
C. Strain energy
D. Impact energy
25. The maximum energy that can be stored in a body due to external loading up to the elastic is called
A. Resilience
B. Proof resilience
C. Strain energy
D. Impact energy

Answer to test 38
1. B upper deviation is zero
2. D all of the above
3. C eight times
(𝑑𝐴 )3
4. C
(𝑑𝐵 )3
5. D twisting moment of both the shaft is the same
6. A maximum normal stress
7. Improves the fatigue life
8. C √𝑀 2 − 𝑇 2
9. B Ductile materials
10. A brittle materials
11. B rankine’d theory
12. B elastic limit
13. A modulus of elasticity
14. D 210 KN/𝑚𝑚2
15. B directly proportional
16. B 𝜋𝑠𝑇𝑆𝑢
17. C factor of safety
18. B4
19. A yield stress
20. B temperature gradient
 21. C bearing stress
22. B 0.25 to 0.33
23. B double
24. C strain energy
25. B proof of resilience

Performance score Performance rating status remarks

21 – 25 Above 84 % Topnotchers Very good
18 – 20 70 to 83% Passers Good
13 – 17 50 to 69% Qualifiers Poor
12 – below 49 below Failed Very good

Test 39

Instruction: Choose the correct answer in the problems below and check your answers whether you PASS the TEST or NOT and then answer it again until you master it.

1. The strain energy stored in a body, when suddenly loaded is ____the strain energy stored when same load is applied gradually.
A. Equal to
B. One half
C. Twice
D. Four times
2. When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress set up in the member is
A. Zero at both the centroidal axis outer surface of the member
B. Maximum both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
C. Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the member
D. None of the above
3. The torsional shear stress on any cross-section normal to the axis is _____ the distance from the center of the axis.
A. Directly proportional to
B. Inversely proportional to
C. Equal to
D. Not equal to
4. The neutral axis of a beam is subjected to
A. Zero stress
B. Maximum tensile stress
C. Maximum compressive stress
D. Maximum shear stress
5. At the neutral axis of a beam
A. The layers are subjected to a maximum bending stress
B. The layers are subjected to tension
C. The layers are subjected to compression
D. The layers do not undergo any strain
6. The bending stress in a curved beam is
A. Zero at the centroid axis
B. Zero at the point other than centroid axis
C. None of the above
7. The maximum bending stress, in curved beam having symmetrical section, always, occur, at the
A. Centroid axis
B. Neutral axis
C. Inside fiber
D. Outside fiber
8. If d = diameter of solid shaft and S = permissible shear in shear for the shaft material, then torsional strength of shaft is written as
𝜋
A. 𝑑4 𝑆
32
B. 𝑑𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑆
𝜋 3
C. 𝑑 𝑆
16
𝜋
D. 𝑑3 𝑆
32

9. If 𝑑𝑖 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑜 are the inner and outer diameter of a hollow shaft, then its polar moment of inertia is
𝜋
A. [𝑑𝑜 4 − 𝑑𝑖 4 ]
32
𝜋
B. [𝑑𝑜 3 − 𝑑𝑖 3 ]
32
𝜋
C. [𝑑𝑖 2 − 𝑑𝑖 2]
32
𝜋
D. [𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑𝑜 ]
32
10. Two shafts are under pure torsion are of identical length and identical weight and made of the same materials. The shaft A is solid and the shaft B is hollow, we can say
that
A. Shaft B is better than shaft A
B. Shaft A is better than shaft A
C. Both the shaft are equally good
D. None of the above
11. A slid shaft transmits a torque T. the allowable shear stress is 𝑆𝑠 . The siameter of the shaft is
 3 16𝑇
A. √ 𝜋𝑆
𝑠

3 64𝑇
B. √ 𝜋𝑆
𝑠

3 32𝑇
C. √ 𝜋𝑆
𝑠

3 16𝑇
D. √ 𝑆𝑠

12. When a machine member is subjected to a tensile stress St due to direct load or bending and a shear stress S s due to torsion, then the maximum shear stress induces in
the member will be
1
A. √𝑆𝑡 2 + 4𝑆𝑠 2
2

1
B. √𝑆𝑡 2 − 4𝑆𝑠 2
2

C. √𝑆𝑡 2 + 4𝑆𝑠 2

D. 𝑆𝑡 2 + 4𝑆𝑠 2

13. Rankine’s theory is used for

A. Brittle material
B. Ductile material
C. Elastic materials
D. Plastic materials
14. Guest’s theory is used for
A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Elastic materials
D. Plastic materials
15. At the neutral axis of a beam, the shear stress is
A. Zero
B. Maximum
C. Minimum
D. Constant
16. The minimum shear stress developed in a beam of rectangle section is_____the average shear stress.
A. Equal to
B. 4/3 times
C. 1.5 times
D. 3 times
17. The stress which vary from a minimum value to a maximum value of the same nature that is tensile or compressive is called
A. Repeated stress
B. Yield stress
C. Flunctuating stress
D. Alternating stress
18. The endurance or fatigue limit is defined as the maximum value of the stress which a polished standard specimen can withstand without failure, for infinite number of
cycles, when subjected to
A. Static load
B. Dynamic load
C. Static a well as dynamic load
D. Completely reversed load
19. Failure of a material is called fatigue when it is fails
A. At the elastic limit
B. Below the elastic limit
C. At the yield point
D. Below the yield point
20. Theresistance to fatigue of a materials is measured by
A. Elastic limit
B. Young’s modulus
C. Ultimate tensile strength
D. Endurance limit
21. The yield point in static loading is ______as compared to fatigue loading
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Same
D. Constant
22. Factor of safety for fatigue loading is the ratio of
A. Elastic limit to the working stress
B. Young’s modulus to the ultimate tensile strength
C. Endurance limit to the working stress
D. Elastic limit to the yield point
23. When a material is subjected to fatigue loading, the ratio of the endurance limit to the ultimate tensile strength is
A. 0.30
B. 0.40
C. 0.50
D. 0.60
 24. The ratio endurance limit in shear to the endurance limit in flexure is
A. 0.35
B. 0.45
C. 0.55
D. 0.65
25. If the size of a standard specimen for fatigue testing machine is increased, the endurance limit for the material will
A. Have the same value
B. Increase
C. Decrease
D. Constant

Answer kwy to test 39

1. D four times
2. B maximum at both centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
3. A directly proportional to
4. A zero stress
5. D the layers do not undergo any strain
6. B zero at the point other than centroidal axis
7. C inside iber
𝜋
8. C 𝑑2 𝑆
16
𝜋
9. A [𝑑𝑜 4 − 𝑑𝑖 4 ]
32
10. A shaft B is better than
3 16𝑇
11. A√
𝜋𝑆 𝑠

1
12. A √𝑆𝑡 2 + 4𝑆𝑠 2
2
13. A brittle materials
14. B ductile materials
15. B maximum
16. C 1.5 times
17. C fluctuating stress
18. D completely reversed load
19. D below yield point
20. D endurance limit
21. A higher
22. C endurance limit to the working stress
23. C 0.50
24. C 0.55
25. C decrease

Performance score Performance rating status remarks

21 – 25 Above 84 % Topnotchers Very good
18 – 20 70 to 83% Passers Good
13 – 17 50 to 69% Qualifiers Poor
12 – below 49 below Failed Very good

Test 40

Instruction: Choose the correct answer in the questions below and check your answers whether you PASS the TEST or NOT and then answer it again until you master it.
1. ME Board October 1999
Torsional deflection is a significant consideration in the design of shaft and the limit should be in the range of _________.
A. 0.004 to 0.006
B. 0.08 to 1
C. 0.006 to 0.008
D. 0.008 to 1

2.ME Board October 1999

For a universal joint shaft angle should be ________ degrees maximum and much less if in high rotational speed.
A. 12
B. 16
C. 15
D. 14

3. ME Board October 1998

It is a good design practice for steel line shafting to consider a limit to the linear deflection of _______ inch/foot length maximum.
A. 0.050
B. 0.010
C. 0.020
D. 0.060

4. Supplementary Question
It is rotating machine member that transmits power.
A. Cam
B. Plate
C. Shaft
D. Flywheel

5. Supplementary Question
A stationary member carrying pulleys, wheels and etc. that transmit power.
A. Axle
B. Propeller shaft
C. Turbine shaft
D. Machine shaft

6.Supplementary Question
A line shaft is also known as
A. Counter shaft
B. Jackshaft
C. Main shaft
D. Head shaft

7.Supplementary Question
Which of the following shaft intermediate between a line shaft and a driven shaft?
A. Counter shaft
B. Jackshaft
C. Head shaft
D. All of the above

8.Supplementary Question
Short shafts on machine are called
A. core shafts
B. head shafts
C. medium shafts
D. spindles

9.Supplementary Question
For shafts, the shear due to bending is a maximum at the neutral plane where the normal stress is
A. constant
B. maximum
C. minimum
D. zero

10.Supplementary Question
Criteria for the limiting torsional deflection vary from 0.08 per foot of length for machinery shafts to _______ per foot.
A. 1°
B. 2°
C. 3°
D. 4°

11.Supplementary Question
For transmission shafts the allowable deflection is one degree in a length of _________ diameters.
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25
12.Supplementary Question
An old rule thumb for transmission shafting is that the deflection should not exceed ________ of length between supports.
A. 0.01 in. per foot
B. 0.02 in. per foot
C.0.03 in. per foot
D. 0.04 in. per foot

13.Supplementary Question
In general for machinery shafts, the permissible deflection may be closer to
A. 0.02 in/ft
B. 0.01 in/ft
C. 0.002 in/ft
D. 0.030 in/ft

14.Supplementary Question
The speed at which the center of mass will equal the deflecting forces on the shaft with its attached bodies will then vibrate violently, since the centrifugal force changes its direction as the
shaft turns.
A. Critical speed
B. Geometrical speed
C. Means speed
D. Unit Speed

15.Supplementary Question
For shaft, the minimum value of numerical combined shock and fatigue factor to be applied in every case to the computed bending moment is
A. 1.0
B. 1.3
C. 1.5
D. 1.8

16.Supplementary Question
It is suggested that the design factor on the yield strength be about 1.5 for the smooth load, about 2 to 2.25 for minor shock loads, and _________ when the loading reverses during
operation.
A. 3.0
B. 4.0
C. 3.5
D. 4.5

17.Supplementary Question
A column is called short column when
A. the length is more than 30 times the diameter
B. slenderness ratio is more than 120
C. length is less than 8 times the diameter
D. the slenderness ratio is more than 32

18.Supplementary Question
For a circular shaft subjected to torque the value of shear stress
A. is uniform throughout
B. has maximum value at the axis
C. has maximum value at the surface
D. is zero at the axis and linearly increases to a maximum value at the
surface of the shaft

19.Supplementary Question
The compression members tend to buckle in the direction of
A. axis of load
B. perpendicular to the axis of load
C. minimum cross section
D. least radius of gyration

20.Supplementary Question
A reinforced concrete beam is considered to be made up of
A. clad materials
B. composite materials
C. homogeneous material
D. heterogeneous material

21.Supplementary Question
The column splice is used for increasing
A. strength of the column
B. cross-sectional area of the column
C. length of the column
D. all of the above

22.Supplementary Question
A simply supported beam has a uniformly distributed load on it, the bending moment is
A. triangle
B. parabola
C. semi-circle
D. rectangle

23.Supplementary Question
The power obtained by piston reaches flywheel through the
A. countershaft
B. crank shaft
C. transmission shaft
D. line shaft

24.Supplementary Question
There are two types of crankshafts
A. single piece and built up
B. forged and burned
C. rotary and stationary
D. none of these

25.Supplementary Question
Engines valve get open by means of
A. cam shaft
B. rocker shaft
C. crank shaft

Answer Key to Test 40

1. B 0.08 to 1
2. C 15
3. B 0.010
4. C Shaft
5. A Axle
6. C main shaft
7. D All of the above
8. D spindles
9. D zero
10. A 1°
11. C 20
12. A 0.01 in. per foot
13. C 0.002 in/ft
14. A critical speed
15. C 1.5
16. D 4.5
17. C the length is less than 8 times the diameter
18. D is zero at the axis and linearly increase to a maximum value at the surface of the shaft
19. D least radius of gyration
20. D heterogeneous material
21. C length of the column
22. B parabola
23. B crank shaft
24. A single piece and built up
25. A cam shaft

Performance score Performance rating Status Remarks

21-25 Above 84% Topnotchers Very good

18-20 70% to 83% Passers Good
13-17 50 to 69% Qualifiers Poor
12-below 49% below Failed Very poor