MAPÚA MALAYAN COLLEGES MINDANAO

College of Engineering and Architecture

Architecture Department

A PROPOSED REVITALIZATION OF THE

BANKEROHAN PUBLIC MARKET

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

AR104P-1 Architectural Design 5: Space Planning 2

Proponents
Acosta, Jean Katherine A.
Aranton, Tracy Monique A.
Balinas, Florence Angelou P.
Labit, Adrianne Gale T.
Pueblos, Jasmine I.
Salem, Dionne Krisha A.
Section A332

Course Instructor
Ar. Martinee L. Llemit, UAP

September 2023

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ............................................................................................................................ i

Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. ii

List of Tables .................................................................................................................... iii

Table 1 .................................................................................................................. 14
Table 2 .................................................................................................................. 14
Table 3 .................................................................................................................. 15
Table 4 .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 5 .................................................................................................................. 18
Table 6 .................................................................................................................. 19
Table 7 .................................................................................................................. 27
Table 8 .................................................................................................................. 35
Table 9 .................................................................................................................. 36
Table 10 ................................................................................................................ 43
Table 11 ................................................................................................................ 45

List of Figures .................................................................................................................. iv

Figure 1 ................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 ................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3 ................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 4 ................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 5 ................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 6 ................................................................................................................. 10

Figure 7 ................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 8 ................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 9 ................................................................................................................. 12

Figure 10 ............................................................................................................... 22

Figure 11 ............................................................................................................... 22

Figure 12 ............................................................................................................... 23

Figure 13 ............................................................................................................... 23

Figure 14 ............................................................................................................... 24

Figure 15 ............................................................................................................... 26

2
 Figure 16 ............................................................................................................... 26

Figure 17 ............................................................................................................... 36

Figure 18 ............................................................................................................... 37

Figure 19 ............................................................................................................... 37

Figure 20 ............................................................................................................... 38

Figure 21 ............................................................................................................... 38

Figure 22 ............................................................................................................... 39

Figure 23 ............................................................................................................... 39

Figure 24 ............................................................................................................... 39

Figure 25 ............................................................................................................... 40

Figure 26 ............................................................................................................... 40

Figure 27 ............................................................................................................... 41

Figure 28 ............................................................................................................... 41

Figure 29 ............................................................................................................... 43

Figure 30 ............................................................................................................... 44

Figure 31 ............................................................................................................... 44

Figure 32 ............................................................................................................... 45

Figure 33 ............................................................................................................... 46

Figure 34 ............................................................................................................... 46

Figure 35 ............................................................................................................... 47

Figure 36 ............................................................................................................... 47

Figure 37 ............................................................................................................... 48

Figure 38 ............................................................................................................... 48

Figure 39 ............................................................................................................... 48

Figure 40 ............................................................................................................... 48

List of Appendices ............................................................................................................ v

3iii
ii
CHAPTER 1 Background of The Study ................................................................... 6
1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................ 7
1.3 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature ............................................................... 9

2.1 Best Practices and Case Studies of Public Market ....................................... 9
2.1.1 International Case Study .................................................................. 9
2.1.2 National Case Study ....................................................................... 11

2.1.3 Local Case Study ........................................................................... 12

2.2 Standard Planning and Design Guidelines ................................................. 13

2.2.1 National Building Standards of Public Market ................................. 13

2.2.1.1 Road Setbacks ................................................................... 14
2.2.1.2 General Rules for Entrances & Exits of Occupations .......... 14
2.2.1.3 Building Height Limit ........................................................... 15
2.2.2 International Building Standards of Public Market ........................... 17
2.2.2.1 Classifications for Occupancy ............................................. 17

2.2.2.2 Building Height and Number of Stories .............................. 17

2.2.3 General Building Requirements ...................................................... 17

2.2.3.1 Standard Floor Area............................................................ 18
2.2.3.2 Standard Number of Stalls .................................................. 18
2.2.3.3 Standard Dimensions ......................................................... 19
2.3 Existing and Future Trends in Public Market Designs ................................ 21

2.3.1 International Public Market Designs ............................................... 21

2.3.1.1 Covered Open Space Design.............................................. 21
2.3.1.2 Sustainable Market Design ................................................. 23
2.3.2 Recent Materials used in Public Market Designs ............................ 24
2.3.2.1 Stainless Steel .................................................................... 24
2.3.2.2 Antimicrobial Coating .......................................................... 26

CHAPTER 3 Analysis, Interpretations, and Recommendations .......................... 27

3.1 Results ....................................................................................................... 27
3.1.1 Results Based on Ocular Inspection ............................................... 27

iv4
 3.2 Analysis ..................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1. Site Analysis ................................................................................... 35

3.2.1.1 Technical Site Description................................................... 35

3.2.2 Site and Building S.W.O.T. Analysis ............................................... 36

CHAPTER 4 The Site .............................................................................................. 37

4.1 Design Considerations ............................................................................... 37
4.1.1 Sanitation Standards ...................................................................... 37
4.1.1.1 Unsanitary Toilets & Work Stalls ......................................... 37
4.1.1.2 No Proper Waste Disposal Area ......................................... 37
4.1.2 Accessibility .................................................................................... 37
4.1.2.1 PWD Access ....................................................................... 39
4.1.2.2 Circulation and Traffic ......................................................... 40
4.1.3 Building Standards ......................................................................... 40
4.1.4 Sustainability .................................................................................. 41
4.2 Design Concept and Philosophy ................................................................ 41
4.3 Project Space Relationship ........................................................................ 42

4.3.1 General Space Requirements ........................................................ 42

4.3.2 Bubble Diagrams ............................................................................ 43

4.3.2.1 Ground Floor ...................................................................... 43

4.3.2.2 Second Floor ...................................................................... 44

4.3.2.3 Third Floor .......................................................................... 44

4.3.3 Space Matrices............................................................................... 45

4.3.3.1 Ground Floor ...................................................................... 45

4.3.3.2 Second Floor ...................................................................... 46

4.3.3.3 Third Floor .......................................................................... 46
4.4 Design Interpretations ................................................................................ 47
4.4.1 Schematic Sketches ....................................................................... 47
4.4.2 Evolution of Forms.......................................................................... 48

References........................................................................................................................ vi

v5v
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Public markets play a vital role in the life of cities globally. They are essential to
representing economic activity, cultural diversity, and social engagement (De La Torre &
Esguerra, 2018). In an era of rapid modernization and transformations, cities across the
globe are undergoing advancements and changes, so it becomes crucial that their
marketplaces meet the needs and expectations of both vendors and customers
(Peachey, 2017). In the context of Davao City, the Bankerohan Public Market stands as
a symbol of immense potential not only for the local economy but also contributes to the
broader national and international trade ecosystem, serving as an essential trading hub
for local products (Banzuelo,2019). However, beneath its bustling facade, this market
grapples with substantial challenges concerning sanitation, economic growth, and
modernization. To unlock its full potential and harmonize with the city's long-term vision
of sustainable urban development, it is imperative to address these pressing issues head-
on.

The urban landscape of Davao City has witnessed significant transformations over
the years, driven by population growth, evolving consumer behaviors, and economic
advancements, contributing to local dynamics and impacting national and potentially
international landscapes (City Planning and Development Office, 2021). As the city
journeys towards a dynamic future, the revitalization and redesign of the Bankerohan
Public Market emerges as a compelling and timely aspiration.

Beyond rectifying existing inefficiencies, this venture aspires to transform the market
into a vibrant core of innovation, commerce, and cultural preservation. The vision is to
encapsulate the essence of Davao's rich history while wholeheartedly embracing the
ambitions of the present, thereby creating a market environment that seamlessly marries
the timeless traditions of the past with the dynamic innovation of the present. This
endeavor requires strategic investments in infrastructure, the implementation of
enhanced regulations, and commitment to sustainability principles.

This research proposal aims to comprehensively examine various facets surrounding

the planned redesign of the Bankerohan Public Market, with potential implications and
insights that could resonate not just locally but nationally and internationally. By
conducting a comprehensive examination of its historical significance, contemporary
challenges, and latent opportunities, this study aspires to offer insights essential for
breathing life into the transformation of a venerable public market. It intends to serve as
an illuminating guide throughout the revitalization process; it contributes to discussions
on urban development in Davao City by providing a comprehensive view of market
redesign, using experiences from around the world, facilitating the seamless alignment
of a traditional marketplace with the ever-fluid dynamics of the contemporary urban
landscape. It uses local and global examples to give practical recommendations and
design ideas for making the Bankerohan Public Market modern, efficient, and engaging.

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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The Bankerohan Public Market in Davao City plays a crucial role in the local economy
as a vital hub for trading goods, particularly local products. However, despite its significance,
this market faces a set of challenges that not only hinder its potential but also affect its overall
image and attractiveness to vendors and customers alike. These three main challenges
encompass (1) sanitation standards, (2) economic growth stimulation, and (3) modern
building requirements. Addressing these issues within the framework of sustainable urban
development is vital to align with the city's long-term goals.

The matter of contention regarding the market's ability to maintain high sanitation
standards is of great importance, especially in the context of public health. The market's
failure to meet these standards can result in unsanitary conditions that pose health risks to
both vendors and customers. Issues which will be explored further in the study such as
inadequate waste management, lack of proper restroom facilities, and inadequate water
supply can contribute and negatively impact the market's reputation. While it already serves
as a trading hub for local products, there is more room for expansion and diversification. By
encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to operate within the market and
providing them with support and resources, the market can become a catalyst for local
economic growth. In addition to the concern of modern building requirements, the physical
infrastructure of the Bankerohan Public Market may be outdated and not up to the updated
standards of the National Building Code of the Philippines. This pressing issue can affect the
safety and comfort of both vendors and customers and can therefore hinder the market's
competitiveness in attracting new businesses and investors.

As a result, the demand to have a newly improved public market built for the
revitalization of Bankerohan that will be designed to be sustainable is becoming more in
demand as Davao City's population and economic growth increases.

In line with this, the study would answer the following questions:

 What are the sustainable design principles for international, national, and local
Public Markets?

o What specific public markets have applied these particular design

principles?

 What are the advantages of making the Bankerohan Public Market meet the
updated and modern building standards?

 What are the differences in the planning and construction requirements

between international and national public markets?

 What are requirements based on the National Building Code of the Philippines
laws and guidelines that are mandatory for any national public market?

o What national public markets have applied these design principles?

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1.3 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This section contains the summarized outline of goals and objectives the proponents
aim to accomplish by the project's conclusion. Deliverables and assets are mentioned here,
as well as more abstract objectives. The project proposal’s goals are expected to be
measurable outcomes that are time-bound, attainable, and specific.

1. To establish and maintain a Comprehensive Sanitation Program that ensures

Strict Adherence to Sanitation Standards, promoting a Clean and Safe
Environment for all End Users.

According to the Development Academy of the Philippines (2020), in an article

they released it was stated that the typical public market is typically characterized by
subpar waste management and sanitation standards, the presence of irresponsible
vendors, the absence of a process for handling consumer complaints, and a lack of
operational systems. This objective outlines a clear goal of following sanitation
standards by implementing a robust sanitation program. It encompasses various
activities and practices aimed at maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in each context,
such as market vendors, food stalls and public spaces.

To provide this goal a framework, certain design elements that will be

discussed further below will be considered by the proponents to be applied on the
proposed project.

2. To drive Economic Growth through the Revitalization of the Public Market.

According to a survey by Business Mirror (2015), seven (7) out of ten (10)
Filipinos do not shop at public markets but instead acquire their necessary wet and
dry goods at supermarkets, grocery stores, or malls. This has resulted in several
‘palengke’ vendors closing shops due to lesser people going to the provided public
markets. This objective describes a thorough strategy for revitalizing the Bankerohan
Public Market with the intention of promoting economic development in the area.

The market is envisioned as a vibrant economic and social center that fosters
local businesses, draws consumers in, and enhances the general well-being of the
market’s reputation and popularity.

3. To uphold modern building standards through a Revitalization Effort that

encompasses Structural Improvements, Accessibility Enhancements,
Sustainability Measures, and Compliance with current Building Codes and
Regulations.

According to an article made by Philippine Property Net (2023) anyone

involved in the design, construction, or occupancy of buildings in the specifically in
the Philippines is required by law to adhere to the Building Code. To obtain a building
permit or an occupancy permit, code compliance is required. Penalties, fines, and
legal repercussions may follow non-compliance. This objective aims to revamp the
public market into a modern, secure building that complies with modern building
standards while also taking sustainability, accessibility, and community involvement
into account. By achieving this objective, the revitalized market can act as a standard
for modern public spaces.

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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 BEST PRACTICES AND CASE STUDIES OF PUBLIC MARKET

2.1.1 INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY

Braga Municipal Market

by APTO Architecture in Portugal
The Braga Municipal Market (“‘Braga Municipal Market / APTO Architecture’
[Mercado Municipal de Braga / APTO Architecture],” 2023) serves as an inspirational
model for the revitalization of Bankerohan Public Market in Davao, Philippines. The
design concept draws inspiration from several key elements: wave-like design
elements on ceiling design and roof form, ambience, color scheme and finishes, linear
stall layout, and cultural integration.
Similar to the Davao River concept, the market incorporates a wave-like
design, which adds a fluid and dynamic visual element to the space, reflecting the
local environment and culture. The Braga Municipal Market exudes large-scaled
interior wood slats in a rhythmical geometric wave movement as featured (Figure 1),
like the exterior facade and roof form which includes a sustainable aspect of sunlight
utilization as natural lighting and natural disinfectant (Figure 2).

Figure 1. Geometric Wave Movement Figure 2. Exterior Facade

Emphasis is also placed on creating a welcoming and inviting atmosphere
within the market, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable shopping experience for
visitors (Figure 3). The choice of colors and finishes is likely harmonious with the
local culture and environment, contributing to the aesthetics and cultural significance
of the space. Cultural design and decorative elements (Figure 4), inspired by
indigenous art, shall also be incorporated to pay homage to Davao's rich cultural
heritage, fostering familiarity and preservation of local traditions.

9
 Figure 3. Emphasis Figure 4. Decorative elements

Implementing linear stall layouts, as seen in Braga Municipal Market, can

optimize space utilization and create a sense of order and accessibility for both
vendors and customers (Figure 5). This will cater the occurring traffic flow issue and
inaccessibility of the customers towards some stalls on particular ends of the
Bankerohan public market due to its grid pattern stall layout (Figure 6).

Figure 5. Linear Stall Layouts Figure 6. Bankerohan public market

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2.1.2 NATIONAL CASE STUDY

A Public Market in Mandaluyong City

 Space Planning and Allocation

The experience of the public market in Mandaluyong City can provide
valuable insights and strategies for the revitalization of Bankerohan Public
Market in Davao. Mandaluyong’s innate solution to displaced vendors
included an allotted area along the roads and sidewalks for only 500 vendors,
of which a case study on Mandaluyong City by the Special Unit for South-
South Cooperation (2012) proved impractical and led to further congestion
and sanitation issues. New solutions suggested: vendor relocation and
support, loading facilities relocation, improved traffic, and sanitation.
Bankerohan public market can initially consider providing a temporary
location for displaced vendors to set up stalls. However, it's important to
address potential issues like traffic congestion and sanitation problems from
the outset. In the case of Bankerohan’s vendors’ spaces, the revitalization
project should prioritize not only providing stable locations for vendors but also
creating new job opportunities. Waste disposal systems, cleanliness
standards, and public awareness campaigns shall also maintain a clean and
hygienic environment.

Figure 7. Interior of Mandaluyong Public Market

11
2.1.3 LOCAL CASE STUDY

Calinan Public Market Complex

 Flexibility
Flexibility in the revitalization of Bankerohan Public Market, inspired
by a study on the Calinan Public Market Complex (Villareal, 2015), is essential
to accommodate the expected increase in customers from nearby districts and
communities. As the market evolves into a busier area in the near future, it
should be designed with expansion and adaptability in mind, along with a few
aspects to consider, such as modular market design, flexible space allocation,
future ready infrastructure and phased development over time, zoning and
site planning for potential expansion, community involvement in the process
to cater their needs and preferences, sustainability considerations such as
technological solutions and eco-friendly systems, accessibility and safety, and
emergency responses including evacuation plans and provisions.

 Transportation
Incorporating a well-structured transportation system, similar to what
has been implemented at the Calinan Public Market Complex (Figure 8 and
Figure 9), can significantly enhance the mobility and accessibility of the
Bankerohan Public Market. The enhancement includes transportation
terminal integration, bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, and accessible
transportation for the persons with disabilities (PWD). By integrating a well-
organized transportation system into the Bankerohan Public Market
redevelopment, not only is it easier for residents to access the market but also
contribute to reduced traffic congestion, improved air quality, and increased
overall market accessibility. This approach aligns with modern urban planning
principles, ensuring that the market becomes a vibrant and sustainable hub
for the community.

Figure 8 & 9. Calinan Public Market Complex

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  Economic Angle
Based on the study, the primary goal of the redevelopment of Calinan
Public Market is to revitalize the existing public market and steer it toward
improving the economic standing of the Calinan community where it was
established. Additionally, the reconstruction must recognize the necessity of
suitable security with correct disposal. Along with the requirement for
cleanliness and safety, the rehabilitation must include sustainability and
resilience. Certainly, focusing on the rehabilitation and redevelopment of
Bankerohan Public Market with a strong emphasis on economic upliftment is
a laudable goal. These aspects are appraised with each of their corresponding
design solutions.
Economic empowerment shall fulfill vendor support through training
and seminars, and market diversity through a range of prioritized products
and goods offered in the marketplace. Waste management shall fulfill an
established and regulatory recycling area and compost area, as well as the
inclusion of green infrastructure elements. Regular maintenance, and public
sanitary awareness and application shall also contribute to the improvement
of the market’s cleanliness. Sustainability, a vital aspect in public building
infrastructures, through renewable energy from solar panels, and resiliency
from community engagement and responsibility, and natural disaster
preparation plans shall be applied as well.

2.2 STANDARD PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES OF PUBLIC MARKET

In this section, both international and national standards and guidelines that govern
the conduct within the any public market environment will be discussed and enumerated in
thorough detail. These regulations play a pivotal role in ensuring transparency, fairness, and
efficiency in the marketplace, benefiting both businesses and consumers alike.
2.2.1 NATIONAL BUILDING STANDARDS OF PUBLIC MARKET
To ensure that their constructions meet the minimum building standards for
the users' safety, both national and local enterprises in the Philippines abide by the
norms and regulations of the National Building Code (NBC). The NBC of the
Philippines has classified schools, colleges, universities, and other facilities as
belonging to Division E-2, which includes business and mercantile.
All districts within Davao City must adhere to the minimal standards set out by
the following laws and codes:
 P.D. 957
 B.P. 220
 P.D. 1096
 Fire Code
 Sanitation Code
 Plumbing Code
 Structural Code
 Executive Code No. 648
 Other relevant rules issued by the concerned national agencies.

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 2.2.1.1 ROAD SETBACKS
According to the NBC, the setback requirements for
commercial, industrial, institutional, and recreational structures are
generally based on the table below:

Width of Road Right

Front Side Rear
of Way (RROW)

30.00 m and above 8.00 m 5.00 m 5.00 m

25.00 m to 29.00 m 6.00 m 3.00 m 3.00 m
20.00 m to 24.00 m 5.00 m 3.00 m 3.00 m
10.00 m to 19.00 m 5.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m
Below 10.00 m 5.00 m 2.00 m 2.00 m
Table 1. Road Setbacks

2.2.1.2 GENERAL RULES FOR ENTRANCES AND EXITS OF OCCUPATIONS

There must be at least two exits on all floors above the first storey of
any occupancy with more than ten (10) occupants.

Unit Area
per Minimum of Two (2) Exits
Use or
Occupant (Other than Elevators are required where
Occupancy
(sq. Number of Occupants is over)
meters)
Fish, Meat, &
2.88 50
Dried Fish Stalls

Fruits &
5.76 50
Vegetables Stalls

Dry Goods &

8.64 50
Sari-Sari Stalls

General
11.52 50
Merchandise

Restaurant 17.28 50

Auditorium 190 50

Laboratories 4.60 50
Table 2. General Rules for Entrances and Exits of Occupations

14
 2.2.1.3 BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT
Building Height Limit (BHL) is the maximum building height
permitted for buildings based on intended usage or occupancy; In general,
the BHL will be measured from the set grade line to the top of the suggested
building. The BHL of any proposed building may only be as permitted
according to this Law (as shown in the table below) or in accordance with
the duly adopted city/municipal (local) zoning regulations, whichever is
more stringent.

Character of Use or Type of Building/

Building Height Limit (BHL)
Occupancy Structure

Residential 1 3 10.00
(R-1)

Residential 2 3 10.00
(R-2)
- Basic
5 15.00
- Maximum

Residential 3 3 10.00
Residential (R-3)
- Basic 12 36.00
- Maximum

Residential 4
(R-4) 3 10.00
Townhouses
(Individual lots / units)
Residential 5
12-18 36.00-54.00
(R-5)
Condominiums

Commercial 1 3-5 10.00-15.00

(C-1)

Commercial Commercial 2 6 18.00

(C-2)
Commercial 3 16-60 48.00-180.00
(C-3)

15
 15.00 meters
Industrial 1
(But not exceed the duly approved BHL in the
(I-1) major zone it is part of)

Industrial 15.00 meters

Industrial 2
(But not exceed the duly approved BHL in the
(I-2)
major zone it is part of)

27.00 meters
Industrial 3
(But not exceed the duly approved BHL in the
(I-3) major zone it is part of)

15.00 meters

Institutional - (Or must follow the duly approved BHL in

the major zone it is part of)

30.00 meters

Cultural - (Or must follow the duly approved BHL in

the major zone it is part of)

15.00 meters
Utility/Transportation/
- (Or must complement the duly approved BHL
RROW/ Services in the major zone it is part of)

15.00 meters
Parks and Open
Recreational and - (Or must complement the duly approved BHL
Entertainment Spaces in the major zone it is part of)

15.00 meters
Agricultural/
Agro-Industrial/ - (Or must complement the duly approved BHL
in the major zone it is part of)
Tourism

10.00-45.00
PUD at a reclamation
3-15 (With ATO prescribed BHL
area close to an
operating airport as needed)
Planned Unit
Development (PUD) PUD at a reclamation 3-30 10.00 - 30.00
area
16-45 48.00 - 135.00
PUD at a coastal area

16
 10.00-75.00
PUD at an inland area
3-25 (With ATO prescribed BHL
close to an operating
airport as needed)

12-60 36.00 - 180.00

PUD at an inland area

Table 3. National Standard for Building Height Limit

2.2.2 INTERNATIONAL BUILDING STANDARDS OF PUBLIC MARKET

The international building code's minimum construction criteria are observed by
international mercantile buildings.

2.2.2.1 CLASSIFICATIONS FOR OCCUPANCY

Group E, D-2 buildings are used to categorize mercantile buildings. Given that
different occupancy groups may exist in the same building, mercantile buildings are
therefore regarded as mixed occupancies.
Given the types of construction, smaller floor areas are given to this project with
a maximum total area of 57000 sqm. Additionally, since the project's maximum
number of stories is three, it would therefore approach more hazardous Type II and
Type III Construction.
2.2.2.2 BUILDING HEIGHT AND NUMBER OF STORIES
The classification of an occupancy group and the type of construction determine
the maximum height and number of stories that may be used for a building. Where
in:
Group E (Mercantile occupancies):
I. Type I and II Construction: Limitless in terms of building height and
number of stories.

a. Using not highly flammable or combustible materials and paint

stores without bulk handlings.

2.2.3 GENERAL BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

All structures or buildings, as well as their accompanying infrastructure, must
adhere in every way to the guidelines for safe construction and must be appropriate for
the intended use. Structures or buildings designed for the production or manufacturing
of any form of article or product must follow the appropriate environmental safety
precautions. All amenities present in buildings or structures, as well as all of their parts,
must be kept in a clean, safe, and functional condition.

17
 The following are referenced from the Public Market Modules of the Public Market
Development Program of the Department of Interior and Local Government (1989).
In accordance with the Modular approach, markets are classified into three types
which are categorized based on the location’s population and the market’s site
conditions. Below is the different classification of public markets:
1. Urban Public Market: population over 300,000
2. Rural Public Market: population under 290,000
3. Satellite Public Market: population over 5,000
Based on the classifications above, Davao City is under the Urban Public Market
Category. As stated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (2023), the population of the
City of Davao was recorded as 1,776,949 residents base on the 2020 Census of
Population and Housing.
2.2.3.1 STANDARD FLOOR AREA
The table below contains the calculated average floor space for any Urban Public
Market according to the Modular approach.

Floor Area Dimensions

Sections
(m2) (m)

Fish, Meat, & Dried Fish 2.88 1.20 x 2.40

Fruits, Vegetables,
5.76 2.40 x 2.40
etc.
Dry Goods, & Sari-Sari 8.64 2..40 x 3.60
General Merchandise 11.52 2.40 x 4.80
Restaurant 17.28 3.60 x 4.80
Table 4. Standard Floor Area

2.2.3.2 STANDARD NUMBER OF STALLS

The table below contains the calculated average number of stalls for any Urban
Public Market according to the Modular approach.

Stall Type Number of Stalls

Wet Corner 40
Semi-Wet Corner 40
General Merchandise 10-20
Clothing 8-10
Misc 20-40
Total 118-150
Table 5. Standard Floor of Stalls

18
2.2.3.3 STANDARD DIMENSIONS

PART OF BUILDING DIMENSION

 For buildings of more than 1 storey, the

minimum ceiling height of the first
storey shall be 2.70 m, for the second
storey, 2.40 m, and for the succeeding
Ceiling Height
storeys, 2.10 m.
 Above-stated rooms with natural
ventilation shall have ceiling heights of
not less than 2.70 m.

 Ceiling height of not less than 1.80 m

Mezzanine Floors
above and below it.
 6.00 sq.m. with the least dimension of
Rooms For Human Habitation
2.00 m.

 Not less than 2 m all inner courts shall

be connected to a street or yard, either
Courts And Yards by a passageway with a minimum
width of 1.20 m or by a door through a
room or rooms.

Fire Exit  0.91 - 1.22m x 2.03 m

 Stairways serving an occupant load of

50 or less may be 900 millimeters
wide.
 Private stairways serving an occupant
load of less than 10 may be 750
millimeters. Trim and handrails shall
not reduce the required width by more
than 100 millimeters.

 Rise and Run. The rise of every step

in a stairway shall not exceed 200
millimeters and the run shall not be
less than 250 millimeters.
Stairways
 The maximum variations in the height
of risers and the width of treads in any
one flight shall be 5 millimeters:
Except, in case of private stairways
serving an occupant load of less than
10, the rise may be 200 millimeters
and the run may be 250 millimeters.

19
  Headroom. Every required stairway
shall have a headroom clearance of
not less than 2.00 meters. Such
clearance shall be established by
measuring vertically from a plane
parallel and tangent to the stairway
tread nosing to the soffit above all
points.

 A ramp conforming to the provisions of

this Code may be used as an exit.
Ramps
 The width of ramps shall be as
required for corridors.

 The provisions herein shall apply to

every corridor and exterior exit balcony
serving as a required exit for an
occupant load of more than 10.
 Width. Every corridor or exit balcony
shall not be less than 1.10 meters in
width.
 Projections. The required width of
corridors and exterior exit balconies
shall be unobstructed. Except, that trim
handrails, and doors when fully
Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies opened shall not reduce the required
width by more than 200 millimeters.
 Doors in any position shall not reduce
the required width of the corridor by
more than one-half.
 Access to Exits. When more than one
exit is required, they shall be so
arranged to allow going to either
direction from any point in the corridor
or exterior exit balcony to a separate
exit, except for dead ends permitted by
this Code.

 Frames of skylights shall be designed

to carry loads required for roofs.
 All skylights, the glass of which is set
at an angle of less than 45 degrees
Skylight
from the horizontal, if located above
the first storey, shall be set at least 100
millimeters above the roof.

20
  Where required, standard automatic
fire-extinguishing systems shall be
Fire Extinguish Systems
installed in the following places, and in
the manner provided in this Code.

 Regular plate, sheet, or patterned

glass in jalousies and louvered
windows shall not be thinner than 5.6
Louvered Windows
millimeters minimal and not longer
than 1.20 meters.
 Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.

 1 space per 1,000 square feet of gross

floor area for the first 10,000 square
feet, plus 1/2 per 2,000 square feet
Parking Slot floor area for the remaining space.
 Office area parking requirements shall
be calculated separately based on
office parking rates.

Table 6. Standard Dimensions

2.3 EXISTING AND FUTURE TRENDS IN PUBLIC MARKET DESIGNS

The most current developments in the field of public markets are thoroughly examined
in this section of the paper. Public markets, which are vibrant centers of business and
community, are always altering to accommodate customers', vendors', and urban planners'
shifting requirements and preferences. The following part offers a glimpse into the cutting-
edge concepts, eco-friendly procedures, and technology developments that have recently
developed and are reshaping public markets all over the world.

2.3.1 INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC MARKET DESIGNS

2.3.1.1 COVERED OPEN SPACE DESIGN

Traditional bazaars continue to thrive in nations like Turkey and
Morocco, offering a distinctive shopping experience with their winding streets,
and vibrant, colorful stalls (Smith & Garcia, 2019). Such bazaars are
renowned for their open space planning, carefully designed to create an
inviting and accessible atmosphere for customers. This approach ensures
that visitors feel genuinely welcomed and enjoy the convenience of easy
access to the various stalls and vendors.

21
 One public market that embodies this design approach is Istanbul’s
Famous Public Market namely the Grand Bazaar. As stated by Türkiye (2022),
this Public Market is the largest and oldest covered market in the world, which
dates back to the 15th century, covers a total area of 30.700 m 2. In order to
accommodate for its vast area and expected foot traffic, 20 entrances were
placed strategically across the market. Furthermore, a total of more than 4000
stalls were divided and aligned to accustom with the market’s 55 streets.

Figure 10. The Grand Bazaar

Figure 11. The bustling stalls of the Grand Bazaar

22
2.3.1.2 SUSTAINABLE MARKET DESIGN
Construction materials in the building industry have historically used a
significant number of natural resources and energy. Green building, which has
evolved over 30 years, is a management and technical strategy to make
building and construction more sustainable in terms of resources and energy.
So, the use of eco-friendly construction materials is crucial for making
buildings more sustainable by conserving resources and energy (Wang et al.,
2018).
Some countries, like Sweden and Denmark, have embraced modern,
sustainable market designs with eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient
lighting, and green roofs to promote environmental responsibility. According
to the International Trade Administration U.S. Department of Commerce
(2021), the country of Sweden plans on integrating a smart built environment
which encompasses a broad spectrum, spanning from eco-friendly
construction techniques to digital services. Key sub-sectors within this domain
include energy-efficient construction methods, materials, and systems, as well
as integrated technologies for measuring building performance and
automating smart homes and offices.

Figure 12. Östermalms Saluhall Public Market with its sustainable

design and materials.

Figure 13. Östermalms Saluhall Food Court

23
2.3.2 RECENT MATERIALS USED IN PUBLIC MARKET DESIGNS
This section delves into the contemporary materials that have been at the
forefront of public market designs in recent times. In the dynamic landscape of market
architecture, these innovative materials play a pivotal role in shaping both the
aesthetic appeal and functional efficiency of these communal spaces.
2.3.2.1 STAINLESS STEEL
In the early 20th century, metallurgists and engineers sought to
create a corrosion-resistant material; through a series of innovations and
advancements, stainless steel evolved into a versatile material, finding its
place in a variety of applications, particularly the food industry (Rothstein,
2019). The recent surge in the popularity of stainless steel can be attributed
to a multitude of compelling factors.

Figure 14. Stainless steel

 EXCEPTIONAL DURABILITY
One of the main benefits of stainless steel is its extraordinary
durability due to its composition of various alloys such as iron,
chromium, and other metals. This metal doesn't corrode and is
resistant to both the effects of the environment and regular use
because it keeps its integrity even when exposed to moisture and
oxygen. Additionally, due to its exceptional tensile strength, it resists
breaking or fracture under pressure and maintains its resilience (Jain,
2022).

 HYGIENIC PROPERTIES
Stainless steel has the distinctive property of being biologically
inert, which makes it an efficient antibacterial material, as Abimis
(2020) indicates. Contrary to other metals, stainless steel preserves
the food's natural color, flavor, and aroma without adding any
unfavorable flavors. Additionally, it doesn't emit any dangerous
substances that might jeopardize food safety, making it the go-to
choose in industries like healthcare and food processing where
cleanliness and hygiene are crucial.

24
 SUSTAINABILITY
According to the British Stainless-Steel Association (2023),
stainless steel outperforms many alternative materials in terms of
environmental performance due to its theoretical 100% recyclability
and prolonged lifespan. Stainless steel products are made with the
intention of being used for a long time; they frequently last for several
decades. This longevity reduces its environmental impact
significantly while also being consistent with sustainability initiatives.

 PLEASING VISUAL EFFECTS

Stainless steel has a timeless, smooth surface that has
remained incredibly popular in the materials market for many
generations. In addition to its timeless appeal, stainless steel is
available in a wide range of surface finishes to suit the varied tastes
and preferences of customers. Since there are so many options
available, including matte, glossy, brushed, engraved, embossing,
tinting, and even engraved finishes, stainless steel is a remarkably
adaptable and beautiful material. AQs stated by Aperam (2021),
stainless steel is frequently used by architects for applications like
building exteriors, interior design, and street furniture.

 LOW MAINTENANCE
Stainless steel is a convenient option for both consumer and
industrial items due to its low maintenance needs, typically involving
regular cleaning. As stated by Aalco Metals Limited (2023), stainless
steel forms a protective layer that is thinner than an apple peel,
ensuring that no metal ions can leach out and no external substances
can penetrate. However, it's important to note that this protective
layer can degrade and result in corrosion when exposed to highly
corrosive chemicals.
 RESISTANCE TO EXTREME CONDITIONS
Stainless steel is extremely flexible in a variety of contexts
due to its ability to withstand harsh temperatures, chemicals, and
environmental conditions. The advocates have established that
stainless steel is the best material for the stalls at Bankerohan Public
Market given the hot, tropical climate of the Philippines, where
temperatures typically range from 75°F to 91°F and almost ever go
below 73°F or over 94°F (Weather Spark, 2019).

25
2.3.2.2 ANTIMICROBIAL COATING
Antimicrobial coatings, as described by Sokol (2022), utilize
chemical agents to hinder the proliferation of disease-causing
microorganisms. In contrast to coatings primarily geared towards
preventing corrosion, antimicrobial coatings provide defense against
a broad spectrum of bacteria, mold, and mildew.
This technology has already been used in practice particularly
in the Agdao Farmer’s Public Market Rehabilitation. In the recent
report of Mancelita (2022), Newly shared images of the market reveal
a gleaming polyurethane floor finish with anti-microbial properties.
The project has reached the 75% completion mark in Phase 2 and is
expected to move forward with Phase 3.

Figure 15. Closeup of the anti-microbial polyurethane floor finish.

Figure 16. 2nd Floor View of the floor finish.

26
CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 RESULTS
For this certain section, the proponents will explore the various outcomes of the
thorough site analysis and visits, which have led to valuable insights and
recommendations.
3.1.1 RESULTS BASED ON OCULAR INSPECTION
The site visit to Bankerohan Public Market on August 29 - 30, 2023, yielded
significant insights and observations crucial to the proposed project. Through this
meticulous examination, the proponents gained an intimate understanding of the
market's current dynamics, its operational strengths, and the challenges it faces. This
section will unveil the invaluable findings from this site visit, shedding light on key
factors that will inform our project's development and strategies.

DOCUMENTATION FINDINGS
 This shot is the outer area
of the public market, and it
is highly congested with
traffic, lacking proper
pedestrian lanes, and
scattered with stalls
without clear organization.

 This chaotic scene poses

significant challenges for
both pedestrians and
motorists, making it
essential to implement
better traffic management
and organization to ensure
safety and ease of
movement.

 In this close-up view of the

outer area of the public
market adjacent to A.
Pichon St., the fruit stalls
are positioned dangerously
close to the street,
exposing them to pollution.

 The proximity to vehicular

traffic and its emissions
raises concerns about the
quality and safety of the
produce being sold.

27
 This other shot of the outer
part of the public market
that is adjacent to Rasay
St. shows where the city
veterinarian's office is
located.

 This site is also where the

livestock is at, the city vet it
is also adjacent to a
chapel.

 This shot shows the corner

of Datu Bago ext. and
Rasay St. where the
chapel and the staircase
for the supposed 2nd floor
of the fish market are.

 The second floor of the fish

section remains unused,
as the construction was
never completed.

 The operations office

appears outdated and
would hardly be
recognizable as an office
without the prominent
tarpaulin signage.

 Its appearance suggests

a need for renovation or
modernization to create a
more professional and
functional workspace.

28
 The disposal area lacks
proper segregation and is
simply piled up at the side
of the road.

 This haphazard waste

management approach
raises environmental and
cleanliness concerns,
indicating the need for a
more organized and
responsible waste
disposal system in the
area.

 The city vet's office,

although cramped, offers
some comfort with
windows and air
conditioning.

 Its proximity to the

livestock area is
convenient for
overseeing animal health,
making it a functional
space despite its limited
size.

 The city security office is

cramped and lacks
proper ventilation, which
is especially concerning
given its location within
the fish section.

 This setup could

potentially lead to odor
problems and discomfort
for the staff working
there.

29
  This shot of the
maintenance personnel
office appears
untrustworthy and in
need of maintenance
itself.

 The outdated and dirty

building raises concerns
about the overall
reliability and efficiency of
the maintenance services
it provides.

 This chapel is located at

the corner of Datu Bago
Ext. and Rasay St.

 This corner also apparently

serves as the parking area
for motorcycles, as many
motorcycles are parked in
front of it.

 The street has transformed

into an alley due to the
encroachment of informal
settling stalls.

 This unauthorized
occupation of public space
has significantly narrowed
the way, causing
congestion and potential
access issues.

30
 closer shot of the alley
parallel to Posadas St.
where the unauthorized
occupation of space is
evident.

 It is seen in the shot that

they have really occupied a
part of the supposed street.

 In this photo capturing the

fish section at the market,
it's pleasantly surprising
how the level of
organization and tidiness
are not bad. The neatly
arranged rows of fish,
well-kept displays, and
the absence of any
noticeable mess are all
commendable.
 However, the lack of
drainage and proper
functioning stalls are
noted.

 this disheartening shot of

the meat section at the
market, the disorder and
lack of hygiene strikes
immediately. It's
concerning to see the
evident disregard for
cleanliness and proper
storage, making this
section far from inviting.

 This is far from the

standards one would
expect in a marketplace,
and it raises serious
concerns about food
safety and hygiene
practices in this particular
section.

31
 In this overhead shot of
the fish section from the
second floor, a less-than-
ideal scene unfolds. The
tent roofs of the fish
section below appear
dusty and neglected,
which raises concerns
about cleanliness and
maintenance.

 The accumulation of dust

not only detracts from the
visual appeal but also
calls into question the
overall hygiene
standards.

 In this shot of the meat

section at the market,
there's a mixed
impression. While the
arrangement appears
reasonably organized,
and the cuts of meat seem
fresh and well-sorted,
there's still room for
improvement.

 Overall, it's not terrible,

but a bit more upkeep and
cleanliness would
certainly enhance the
appeal and hygiene of this
meat section.

 In this shot of the

vegetable section, it's
clear that congestion is a
significant issue. Vendors
have extended their stalls
onto the road, creating a
chaotic and potentially
hazardous situation for
both shoppers and
pedestrians.

 This overcrowding not

only disrupts the flow of
traffic but also poses
safety concerns.

32
 In this shot of the dry
goods section,
surprisingly, there isn't
much trash on the floor,
indicating a level of
cleanliness and
orderliness.

 The limited space may be

a challenge, but the
overall tidiness and
relatively peaceful
atmosphere contribute
positively to the shopping
experience.

 In this unsettling image of

the livestock area, there
are concerning hygiene
issues that can't be
overlooked.
 The storage area for the
chickens is visibly
unclean, with a
substantial accumulation
of feces, and the wooden
table is evidently
unsuitable for maintaining
cleanliness, as liquids and
waste appear to be
trapped.
 This lack of sanitation not
only affects the visual
appeal but also raises
serious concerns about
the health and safety of
both animals and potential
customers.

 In this other shot of the

vegetable section, the
energy is noticeable. The
colorful arrangement of
fresh produce creates a
visually stimulating spot,
and the bustling activity of
shoppers and vendors
adds to the lively
atmosphere.

33
  In this other overhead
shot of the fish section
from the second floor, the
view from this angle
exposes an even clearer
image of the mess and
dust on the tent roofs
below. It's evident that
cleanliness remains a
significant issue, with
debris and dust
accumulation
compromising the overall
hygiene of the area.

 This other shot of the

meat section is messy
and poorly organized, with
too many dry goods and
not enough meat.
Therefore, labels are
inaccurate, potentially
misleading customers
who expect a more
extensive selection.

 This other angle of the

livestock section reveals
an even more concerning
situation with unhygienic
and unsafe storage
conditions for the animals.
The lack of organization
intensifies these issues,
raising concerns about
the overall management
of this section.

Table 7. Ocular Inspection Findings

34
3.2 ANALYSIS
For this certain section, it will be revealed how the following analysis below shapes
the proposed project's future by highlighting the opportunities, challenges, and strategies.
These insights will serve as a guide for informed decision-making and successful project
implementation.
3.2.1 SITE ANALYSIS
This section of the research proposal delves into crucial elements that have a
big impact on the layout and usability of the site. The proponents will investigate the
exact coordinates of the site, the sun path, and the predominant wind directions, all
of which are crucial in determining the best orientation and layout for our project. For
the creation of a sustainable and peaceful environment that maximizes natural
resources and reduces energy consumption, it is crucial to comprehend these critical
factors.

Figure 17. Site Analysis

3.2.1.1 TECHNICAL SITE DESCRIPTION

DISTANCE
POINTS COORDINATES
(m)

1-2 N 49 ° 40' 31" W 103.00

2-3 S 36 ° 16' 21" E 144.00

3-4 S 56 ° 07' 32" W 110.00

4-1 N 39 ° 54' 19" W 157.00

Table 8. Technical Site Description

35
 3.2.2 SITE AND BUILDING S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS
S INTERNAL STRENGTHS W INTERNAL WEAKNESSSES
Location – The Lot of Bankerohan Market
is situated in a central and accessible
1 1
location within Davao City, making it
convenient for both vendors and customers.
Historical Significance – The market has a
rich history and cultural significance,
2 2
attracting tourists and visitors interested in
experiencing local traditions.
Variety of Goods – The market offers a
wide range of products, including fresh
3 produce, seafood, handicrafts, and local 3 facilities might deter potential customers
delicacies, providing a diverse shopping
experience.
Community Hub – It serves as a gathering
4 place for locals, fostering a sense of 4
community and social interaction.
Source of Livelihood – The project will
give opportunities to the local vendors to
5 5
showcase their products as well attract
more consumers.
O EXTERNAL OPPORTUNITIES T EXTERNAL THREATS
Modernization – Investing in infrastructure
improvements, like upgrading stalls,
1 creating better facilities, and enhancing the 1 convenient shopping options, drawing
overall aesthetics, can attract more
customers and vendors.
Tourism Promotion – Capitalizing on the
market's historical significance and local
2 2
charm can attract tourists seeking authentic
experiences.
Online Presence – Establishing an online
platform for pre-orders, deliveries, or virtual
3 3
tours can tap into the growing trend of
online shopping.
Culinary Events – Organizing food festivals
or cultural events in collaboration with local
4 4
vendors can draw larger crowds and
generate buzz.
International Recognition – With proper
execution of the design solutions, it would
5 gain recognition from international 5
architectural organizations and raise the
standards.
Table 9. Site and Building S.W.O.T. Analysis
Infrastructure – The market's
infrastructure might be outdated or
inadequate, potentially affecting the
shopping experience and vendor
operations.
Sanitation and Hygiene - Maintaining
cleanliness and hygiene standards in a
bustling market can be challenging, leading
to potential health concerns.
Limited Parking – Inadequate parking
who rely on private transportation.
Unloading & Loading zones – Wet and
Dry Goods being imported in the market by
trucks do not have a proper area for
distribution and disposal.
Reflection of Poverty – Instead of
showcasing the amalgam of Davao’s local
produce, the market reflects poverty
because of its current improper situation.
Competition – Nearby modern
supermarkets and malls might offer more
customers away from the traditional
market.
Changing Consumer Preferences –
Shifting preferences towards modern
shopping venues and online platforms
could lead to decreased footfall.
Economic Factors – Economic downturns
or fluctuations could impact consumers'
purchasing power, affecting the demand for
products in the market.
Regulations – Changing regulations
related to food safety, trade, or market
operations could pose challenges for
vendors to comply and adapt.
Gentrification – Urban development
projects might alter the area's landscape,
potentially displacing the market or
changing its character.
36
CHAPTER 4 THE SITE

4.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

In this section, the proponents of this project aim to utilize the formulated design
considerations to provide the utmost design solution. The provided considerations will
also help bring awareness to applying the important standards and requirements to the
project's design plan.

4.1.1 SANITATION STANDARDS

In order to provide a clean and workable public market, the proponents
wanted to address the following sanitation issues of the Bankerohan Public Market:

4.1.1.1 UNSANITARY TOILETS AND WORK STALLS

Based on observation, the toilets give off a bad smell, and dirt stains
can be seen at the corners of the toilet space. Aside from that, the toilet plan
must be revised and adhere to the requirements and standards. Regarding
the market stalls, the proponents observed that most are makeshift stalls
made from wood and tarpaulin, which are not advisable for a public stall. With
the given observation, the proponents have deliberated a solution for this
problem: changing the whole plan for the toilet with proper sanitary
precautions and ventilation and providing stainless steel market stalls used
for the vendors.

Figure 18. Inspiration for the Seafood (Wet) Section. Stainless steel
displays are used for sanitary and hygiene purposes.

Figure 19. Inspiration for the Public toilets. White Motif is used for
better lighting and symbolizes cleanliness.

37
 Figure 20. Inspiration for the food and Dry good Stalls outside the
Public Market. Sturdy materials such as Aluminum for a long-lasting usage
for the vendors.

4.1.1.2 NO PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL AREA

The Bankerohan Public Market does not provide a proper disposal

area for perishable goods. Simply, it was collected outside the vendor's area,
wherein it can obstruct the vehicles and pedestrians passing by. Given this
problem, the proponents have formulated a solution to strategically provide a
disposal area and equip a materials recovery facility (MRF) to segregate
biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and recyclable materials.

Figure 21. The proponents will draw inspiration from the Nestle Philippines
MRF. The proposed MRF will be divided into 3 groups that segregate the
recyclable, biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials.

4.1.2 ACCESSIBILITY
The Bankerohan Public Market is inaccessible, from main roads to
pathways. It burdens the community to access the market due to vehicle traffic,
improper circulation, and disregarding PWD access. With that problem, the
proponents wanted to consider the following:

38
 4.1.2.1 PWD ACCESS
The overall planning and design of the Bankerohan Public Market is not
PWD-friendly. No ramps or proper access to the market can be seen around the
market. Based on the article by Petinglay (2018) A certain building was inspected
by Antique Provincial Council on Disability Affairs (PCDA) to check for Disability
Access, and later discovered that the building was deficient in providing access
for PWD individuals. In this situation, it concludes that PWD access is not
prioritized in building plans. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate PWD
access into the design planning of the Bankerohan Public Market by means of
utilizing outdoor ramps to the building and PWD access for toilets and elevators.

Figure 22. Inspiration for the ramps for the curbside. It can be found
on drop-off areas and sidewalks.

Figure 23. Inspiration for the ramps near the public market entrance.

Figure 24. Inspiration for the design of the public toilets for PWDs.

39
 4.1.2.2 CIRCULATION AND TRAFFIC
In terms of the circulation and traffic of the area, main roads are
minimized because vendors are positioned outside the building. Other than that,
the inside of the Bankerohan Public Market is cramped due to small pathways.
Due to these instances, the proponents considered enlarging the pathways to
ensure clear circulation and access to the people.

Figure 25. Pathway inspiration from the Boston Public Market.

4.1.3 BUILDING STANDARDS

The existing Bankerohan Public Market building does not adhere to the current
building standards and requirements since it was built based on the previous building
standards. Moreover, proper areas for the electrical and mechanical equipment are
needed. The electrical sources are very exposed inside the meat section, a
hazardous problem that can cause danger to vendors and consumers. Based on the
Philippine Electrical Code (2023), buildings are required to dedicate an area for
services such as electrical rooms. To refine the situation, the proponents will provide
a space for electrical and mechanical use and will be strategically positioned to avoid
public exposure and hazards.

Figure 26. Interior inspiration for the electrical room.

40
 4.1.4 SUSTAINABILITY
An important consideration that needs to be addressed in this project is
sustainability. The proponents wanted to incorporate sustainable materials.
Regarding sustainable materials, the proponents considered using materials with
anti-corrosive properties, such as stainless-steel material used for the vendor stalls.
According to BS Stainless (2021), Stainless steel is known to be hygienic due to its
anti-corrosive properties and is effective among common bacteria and viruses.
Moreover, it can be easily cleaned and resistant to marks or stains, perfect for the
use of vendors.

Figure 27-28. Design Inspirations for the market stalls for meat, seafood, vegetable,
and fruit sections.
4.2 DESIGN CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY
This project proposal holds the statement from one of the famous architects, Daniel
Libeskind, an American-Polish Architect. The design philosophy will guide deliberate
quality ideas and principles for the project's design. The statement conveys the
importance of understanding one's context in the design process.

“You can’t build anything meaningful if you don’t understand the context in depth.
The context is extremely important, but the real context is not always apparent - very
often it is forgotten and hardly visible: the history of a place, the traditions of a place.”
- Daniel Libeskind, American-Polish Architect

The statement above implies that understanding the context of your design creates
a big impact. Creating a design solution does not only focus on creating a design based
purely on aesthetics but also on apprehending the context from history and traditions.
Understanding one's context is often not applied due to its lack of importance.
Architectural design goes beyond just designing. An architect's design will always have
a context behind it that leads to the architectural solution for a building.
Concerning revitalizing the Bankerohan Public Market, Davao City became the
center of the trading industry in 1976, from importing fruits to chocolates, Davao City's
agricultural products were imported nationwide (Davao City, 2020). Mainly, the trading
area was along the Davao River, where the earliest settlers lived and flourished their
way of life. The settlers called the trading "Duhwow," which implies a trading settlement
where their produce or forest goods are bartered for salt or commodities (Reyes, 2013).
With the use of the rich trading history of Davao City, the proponents wanted to
incorporate the historical context of trading of Davao City further to elevate the purpose
and meaning of the design.

41
4.3 PROJECT SPACE RELATIONSHIP
4.3.1 GENERAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Space requirements provide uniformity for collecting and documenting space
needs. These are based on headcounts, room standards, or area. These are known
as space standard. Since the proposed project is an education institution, a SHS
campus, it should be designed primarily to accommodate multiple organizational
models, foster the same level of cooperation, teaming, and sharing of professional
resources.
The project would be able to cater the students through arranging the spaces
to promote interaction and cooperation. With that said, the general space
requirements for the proposed Senior High School campus are as indicated:

Specific Space Requirements:

a. Parking Area
i. Guard House/s
ii. Public Market Parking Area
iii. Service Parking Area
iv. Truck and Vendor Parking Area

b. Vehicular Transportation Bay

i. PUJ and PUV Drop-off Area
ii. Taxi Drop-off Area
iii. Private Vehicle Drop-off Area

c. Eatery Compound
i. Food Stalls
ii. Restrooms

d. Market Building
i. Commercial Stalls
ii. Vendor Stalls
iii. Offices
iv. Restrooms
v. Storage Area
vi. Bagsakan Area
e. Auditorium
i. Lobby
ii. Stage
iii. Backstage
iv. Auditorium Storage Area

f. Outdoor Facilities
i. MRF and Waste Disposal Area
ii. Gardens
iii. Street Food Area

42
4.3.2 BUBBLE DIAGRAMS
This segment illustrates the arrangement and placement of spaces as well as
their relationship. On the diagrams, drawn bubbles (representing spaces) are made
and connected by various types of lines that indicate the type of relationship between
the spaces. These indicating lines are categorized based on their function and
meaning which are displayed in the figure below.

Table 10. Legend for Bubble Diagram

Figure 29. Ground Floor Bubble Diagram

43
Figure 30. Second Floor Bubble Diagram

Figure 31. Third Floor Bubble Diagram

44
4.3.3 SPACE MATRICES
The space matrix of each floor is represented by the figures below. An
analysis and display of the relationship between spaces is done using a space
matrix diagram. This illustrates whether spaces are either adjacent, nearby, or not
related to each other.

Table 11. Legend for Space Matrices

Figure 32. Ground Floor Bubble Diagram

45
Figure 33. Second Floor Bubble Diagram

Figure 34. Third Floor Bubble Diagram

46
4.4 DESIGN INTERPRETATIONS
In this section, the main focus will be the design interpretation, where the proponents
will delve into the creative process and meaning behind the project's aesthetic and
functional choices. By exploring the design inspirations, principles, and concepts that
have guided our vision, the proponents aim to provide a deeper understanding of how
form and function come together to shape a unique and purposeful architectural
endeavor.

4.4.1 SCHEMATIC SKETCHES

The main emphasis of this section will be the design interpretation, in which
the proponents explore the inspiration and significance of the project's aesthetic and
practical decisions. By exploring these concepts that have guided the proposed
vision, it is the aim to provide a deeper understanding of how form and function come
together to shape a unique and purposeful architectural endeavor.

Figure 35.

Figure 36. Front Elevation Concept

47
4.4.2 EVOLUTION OF FORMS
In this section, the proponents will unveil the progressive transformation of
the proposed project's form and design, providing a comprehensive view of how the
architectural concept has evolved step by step.

Figure 37. First Evolution Figure 38. Second Evolution

Figure 39. Third Evolution

Figure 40. Fourth Evolution

48
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