a, lebanese american university school of engineering The il Engineering Profession 2erodits | ipsa scientia potestas est department of vil engineering ‘Saturday February 12074 | Frem Aud 205 FINAL, 00 0 10100 am: Open Book | FL 2013 1 Professional Engineering Ethics (25%) Please write T for true or F for false next to each of the following statements and retum the questions sheet with your answer booklet: 1. Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, must carefully consider the safety, health, and welfare of the publie. 2. Engineers may perform services outside of their areas of competence as long as they infor their employers or clients. 3. Engineers may issue subjective and partial statements if such statements are in writing and consistent with the best interests of their employers, clients, or the public. F 4, Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees] _ 5. Engineers shall not be required to engage in truthful acts when required to protect the public health, safety, and wolare 6. Engineers may not be required to follow the provisions of state or federal law when such actions could endanger or compromise their employer or their clients’ interests. = 7. engineers! judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or property, they shall notify their employers or clients and such other authority as may be appropriate. 8 Engineers may review but shall not approve those engineering documents that are in conformity with applicable standards. F 9. Engineers shall not reveal facts, data...information without the prior consent of the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Codes7~ 10. Engineers shall not permit the use of their names or associates in business ventures with any person or firm that they believe is engaged in fraudulent or dishonest enterprise, unless such enterprise or activity is deemed consistent with applicable state or federal law. T= 1. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code, following a period of 30 days during which the violation is not corrected, shall report thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information or assistance as may be required. 12. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or experience in the specific technical fields involved" ]— 13. Engineers shall not affix their signatures to plans or documents dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence, but may affix their signatures to plans or documents not prepared under their direction and control where they have a good faith belief that such plans or documents were competently prepared by another designated party. Note: Please vite clearly and legibly and let your work reflect only your personal effort =(CIE 434 Final Fall2013. 2 1A, 15. 17, 18. 19. 20. 21 2. 23, 24, Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of an entire project and shall sign and seal the engineering documents for the entire project, including each ‘technical segment of the plans and documents, - Engineers shall strive to be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements or testimony, with primary consideration for the best interests of the engineers’ clients or employers. ‘The engineers’ reports shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements, or testimony, which shall bear the date on which the engineers were retained by the clients to prepare the reports. = Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter.}— Engineers shall not issue statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical matters that aro inspired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have in the matters. J Engineers may not participate in any matter involving a conflict of interest if it could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their services. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties. “[~ Engineers shall not solicit but may accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in connection with the work for which they are responsible, if such compensation is fully disclosed = Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees of a governmental or qui ‘governmental body or department may participate in decisions with respect to services solicited ‘of provided by them or their organizations in private or public engineering practice as long as such decisions do not involve technical engineering matters for which they do not posses professional competence. Engineers shall not solicit nor accept a contract from a governmental body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member. ~~ Engincers shall not intentionally falsify their qualifications nor actively permit written misrepresentation of their or their associate's qualifications. Engineers may accept credit for previous work performed where the work was performed during the period the engineers were employed by the previous employer. Brochures or other presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall specifically indicate the work performed and the dates the engineers were employed by the firms. = Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, nor receive, either directly or indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by a public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing the award of & contract unless such contribution is made in accordance with applicable federal or state election campaign finance laws and regulations. = Engineers shall acknowledge their errors after consulting with their employers or clients. Note: Please write clearly and legibly and let your work reflect only your personal effort.(CIE 434 Final Fatl2013 3 2. Civil Engineering For A Sustainable Future (30%) With reference to the attached protocol signed between the AS answer the following questions: 2, CSCE and ICE (a) Define briefly the role of organizations like the ASCE, CSCE, and ICE, (b) What are the objectives of signing this protocol? (© Explain in your own words how the Adaptation of Infrastructure to Climate Change can be applied. Reconstruction of War Torn Ci (45%) With reference to the summary of the conference held in Beirut 10-14 November, 1997, answer the following questions: (a) What were the similar issues that emerged from the different case studies and situations discussed? (b) Looking back at the events that took place since the conference was held in Beirut, in 1997, did the issues related to the reconstruction of war torn cities lose their actuality or have they become more relevant to our contemporary world? (©) What are the challenges that the civil engineering profession faces during conflicts and in the reconstruction phase afterward? (@) Discuss how the challenges of reconstruction may/will affect your professional lives as young civil engineers graduating from LAU? Note: Please write clearly and legibly and let your work reflect only your personal effort.ieee cements CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE BACKGROUND ‘The American Society of Civil Engineers, the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering and the Institution of Civil Engineers believe that emerging global challenges over the last decade, including the financial crisis, population migration, and food and energy crises, have reinforced the need to secure and fulfil internationally agreed commitments to sustainable development. ‘The three organizations also believe that sustainable progress toward achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals is necessary to address water and food scarcity. For such commitments to be realized, critical infrastructure must be adapted to the impacts of climate change ame resilient to natural and man-made disasters. THE ROLE oF Civii. ENGINEERS ‘The three institutions commit to lead Internationally on the delivery of sustainable infrastructure. Civil engineers of the 21st century are called on to play 2 critical role in contributing to peace and security in an increasingly challenged world, Civil engineers have an obligation to protect cultural and natural diversity, and they are central to the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of infrastructure networks that underpin civil society and economic activity and protect human health and welfare. Emerging challenges have reinforced the key role of these networks in enabling global societal resilience. ‘Approximately 75% of the issues outlined in Agenda 23, the main action docurnent from the 1992 Earth Summit, involve engineering and technical issues. Action by civil engineers is essential. Society needs the skills of civil ‘engineers to attain sustainable development, yet civil engineers require global political will to enable them to apply their knowledge and expertise to appropriately adapt infrastructure to attain meaningful progress. While ASCE, CSCE, and ICE are committed to a civil engineering profession able to address the global challenge of, sustainable development, they recognize that engineers cannot deliver this vision on their own. Civil engineers must develop new skis for @ changing world, foster greater collaboration with other professionals, and promote multidisciptinary approaches. Chil engineers are committed to provide the tools and advice to governments and policymakers at national and supranational levels on the skills and infrastructure required for a sustainable future. ¢ ENGINEERING PRIORITIES AND ACTION Recognizing the central role of their profession in addressing global challenges, ASCE, CSCE, and ICE developed a Sustainable Development Protocol in 2006, agreeing to develop sustainable development strategies and action plans. This was followed in 2009 by a civil engineering and climate change protocol that further identified priorities for action by engineers. ‘The three organizations have since adopted and regularly reviewed action plans and undertaken a range of activities to advance sustainability in civil infrastructure. Progress in line with commitments is exemplified in adapting critical infrastructure, utilizing environmental accounting tools, addressing the water crisis and delivering ‘on the UN Millennium Development Goals. — oeROTOCOTE eae ENGINEERING FOR USTAINABLE FUTURE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS AND CosTs— ‘THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE The three organizations are comrmitted to improving methods for identifying and considering all of a project's environmental, social and economic costs and impacts throughout its life cycle. Practical approaches should be developed that would alter conventional accounting practices to factor in the direct and indirect environmental costs of a facility through its life-cycle of operations. CONDITION AND CAPACITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE Civil engineers create and maintain society's infrastructure. Recognizing this responsibility, ASCE, CSCE and ICE are committed to collecting data on infrastructure both nationally and, through collaboration, internationally to provide informed opinion on the condition and requisite capacity of infrastructure for sustainable development, ADAPTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE oO ‘To address climate change the engineering profession is applying the principles of sustainability, energy efficiency ‘and innovation to the design, construction, operation and maintenance of infrastructure. Engineers must develop Infrastructure capable of adaptation to the impacts of climate change. Engineers have relied upon historical date to design infrastructure. Such data is often incomplete and limites duration. Now they must develop design and operational practices to withstand climate conditions — both extremes and gradual changes. They must accommodate increased uncertainties because the data about future climate will never be as precise as the historical data, This creates a challenge to existing infrastructure design approaches and practices. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS ASCE, CSCE and ICE support the internationally agreed upon development goals contained in the Millennium Declaration as they apply to Improving the quality of people’s lives around the world through science and ‘engineering, The three organizations will work with each other and with domestic and international organizations to engage engineers in addressing the needs of the poor through capacity building and the development of sustainable and appropriate solutions to poverty By helping meet the goals of the Millennium Declaration, the engineering profession contributes to a world where all people have access to the knowledge and resources to meet their basic human needs and promote sustainable development. included are such areas as water supply and sanitation, food production and processing, housing and construction, energy, transportation and communication, income generation, and employment creation.uur uunten on 8 CIVIL ENGINEERING FOR ete Via F038 se aennlle 3 COMMITMENTS ‘Within the following areas of leadership with respect to sustainable infrastructure, ASCE, CSCE, ICE commit to: ‘© Collaborating on their national sustalnable infrastructure action plans. '* Encouraging engineers to engage in building sustainable engineering capacity in the developing world and continuing to work with national development organizations such USAID — US Agency for International Development, DFID - UK Department of Foreign International Development and CIDA — Canadian International Development Agency and other related assistance organizations. ‘Working through national representatives to coordinate civil engineering views within the World Federation of Engineering Organizations to enable WFEO to influence programs on sustainable infrastructure and communities in conjunction with UNESCO, the United Nations, the World Bank, International finencial institutions and other bodies. Signed by: Andrew Wl. Herrmann, PE, SECB, Richard Coackley, BS, CEng, FICE, Randy Pickle, Eng, FCSCE, FEC ASCE ccweM, FCIWEM President President President Canadian Society for Cit American Society of Cuil Engineers Institution of Gil Engineers (CE) Engineering (CSCE) (asceyPost-war THe University fork RECONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT Unrr (PRDU) ‘The Kings Manor York YOITEP =a,— reconstruction of ' Foc (44) 1004453849 Ema iaasl@york ac uke ‘Wie is /fov rer york ack war-torn cities “SYNOPSIS OF AW INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE BEIRUT 10-14 NOVEMBER 1997 ‘Organised by the Inlomational Urion of Architects Programme ‘Reconstruction of War-torn Giles’ and the Order of Engineers and Archiecis Bein Fin Banh 2 Most: fom London io te sei of etn om Wats oJerul, from the cites in Europe to the cities of Africa, from Vielnam to Cambodia, everywhere, Director after the ravages of war comes the necessity for reconstruction. As one of the organisers said Sellan Boakat at the beginning of this conference: ‘half a century after World War Il, it seems relevant '- Se MA DPhil (York) MICD evaluate the on-going reconstruction efforts with regard to past experiments, wher® « contnbutions have brought forth a diverse scope of answers. Such an assessment may a. Sara ‘us to uncover a number of parameters and guiding principles behind successful achievemen; hes Cockburn that wl help ws to avoid najor ororsin he Fate : Rogar This Conference included tre dy Seminar, an open debate forum, and guided sady “oti Amine tours io down Bert Tipo and the ancient ly of Dybios, The seminar vas opened BY Teint the dance Pie Minter Eagar in the presonce of Amen Selay Drenthe TE Cet cain) Onder of fagincen and Architects and Vass gatas Setar General of UIA Fenty five ofthe roe than 200 pertiprts gave pretation of tr profesional experienc It or evil vious aspects of econstacton, un anrformation oe cata hentage oc air Gavin We (war and te imonediae a wel fate impact onthe inhabitant sectumish ‘The seminar comprised six sessions: Session One was devoted to the question of Modernity and Heritage. Among the main issues was the case of Warsaw, presented by Bogdan Wyporek - former President of the Polish Town Planners Society ~ who was involved in the reconstruction of the city after World War I. Christa Aue ~ member of the Stadt Forum Berlin from 1991-96 — reviewed the relationship between ‘modernity and heritage in the various plans for the city, from the frst reconstruction plans of the late 19405 to current projects. The ‘The PROU specaiesin the esearch, consultancy and trining of profesional in mason Teatan erciect Francesco Vercia auc pone aera that tragic events, such ae destruction Coron erection prowked by war, determine 2 number of incomes and pat-oar reaery nd eri The one-year MA in Pro-wer ery Sta poe PARTE accessibi, professionally "ARTICIPANTS ren aldpary Aue Slo ie Onn gm ad Act tn sey eget sac a in hint ogni Recrseroneiwero toon he sf Cis Ane An D/P» Sli Bat reco, ADU, UK + Nal eum Sng hk of ‘tose fannie te no ne eee cig Dt The PRU fons part of To Echucr‘nrleuus bein of Disk Pe Be Se User Pe Hew Este Moe Uninet of Yrksiy ote | Feta Ra eA Dat Kamal Hanon at» Nan Hay A campus blo Pe Figs [Su anes welts Tees Dagny an ly Na = One Nam amor, ¢ meal ung ‘rc ban = uj Ret PRDU, UK =m Nata ayer, tare» oe Nr Cote for bv Kee me a ee es ae yea | of gent Upueds = Hai Ngo Trang Mannce, Vist * biel de Soli-Merals Desvtor, School of Arcttectare, Barelesa ® srciteceal importance, ‘lowe Vgelonty eden of Uh: Par Henna Vena leno Sct suc olVee» Dale ‘nd amine y the Yotlnanlns ls eae ey, fan * Bogan Wypore Pace Nese Deparment of Archeology Pee = TeOFDAL ISSUE9 + HERRUAR 1995transformations in the urban and architectural realm that could create new aesthetic values. The Lebanese architect and planner Jad Tabet discussed the recurrent theme of heritage preservation in all reconstruction experiences. Session Two focused on the problem of Continuity and ‘Mutations. Among the main speakers, Ibrahim al Dakkak reviewed the impact of spatial transformations on the dty of Jerusalem, Barnabus Nawangwe discussed the spatial ‘tations provoked by wars in Africa, and the Lebanese sociologist Nabil Beyhumn explored the concept of social fabric ‘as related to urban fabric. ‘Session Three dealt with the problem of Infrastructure and ‘Urban Environment, Nicholas Bullock presented the case of London, stressing the conflicual relationship betwreen private! ‘and public interests, Viadimir Belooussov gavean overview of the various experiences of reconstruction in former Soviet Union after World War Il, while the Lebanese architect and planner, Oussama Kabbani, emphasised the role of public space in shaping the urban environment, taking the reconstruction of Beirut Central District as a case study. ‘Session Four was devoted to the question of General Planning, ‘and Specific Urban Projects. Spanish architect Manuel de Sola- ‘Morales argued that although general ideas are a prerequisite for any project, these ideas do not necessarily appeat in large scale planning. Sometimes itis in specific limited projects that ‘complex problems find their solution. The issue of cities divided along ethnic lines, and the associated challenges that impose onto reconstruction, was explored by Tajma Kurt from ‘Mostar, while Miretta loannidou laid stress on the Integration ‘of war refugees in Cyprus. Lebanese economist Kamal ‘Hamdan explained the economic policy of reconstruction in Lebanon and the priority given to the sole reconstruction of infrastructures. (Gis hat we ee ddd aloms eh ies by war (ike Mostar pleted hoo) ‘oes anes halen floes x erecta plane, Session Five tackled the issue of Imported Technologies, versus Local Know-how. Sultan Barakat highlighted the ‘opportunities and limitations related to foreign aid, and the ‘need to balance donor priorities with on-site priorities for ppost-disester assistance. Rifat Chadigi discussed the matter of ‘Technology and Society, whilst the Lebanese architect Rahif Fayad addressed the problem of globalisation versus identity Session Six centred on the problems of the Mechanisms and. Modalities related to the implementation of reconstruction projects, Daniele Voldman reviewed the various mechanisms devised in the reconstruction of French cites after WWI. Joe Nasr focased on transformations and continuity in the lot pattems of France and Germany after WWI Sami Nahas and Georges Comm both discussed the case of the reconstruction of Beirut Central District and the problems pertaini ing to issues of real estate and means of financing reconstruction projects Several keynote speakers also participated in the seminar: Plerre Vago, Henri Fdde and Bahaeddine Bset It emerged that a number of simi situation. Reconstruction, Inevitabl) economically 2 process of financing, socially the rehabilitation of a population affected by wae and culturally x issues ran through each, uis into. question 4 the attempt at reconciling opposing demands between preserving cultural heritage and implement transformations, The participants used the plenary sessions to ing urban discuss the specific role of architects in the context of global market strategies, where decisions are often taken regardless of local and regional consideration, focusing, in particular on the ‘economy and reconstruction in Lebanon. Reconstruction and traditional construction methods, globalisation and their identity were the subjects of the greatest concerns for the Lebanese participants at the conference, especially now that reconstruction of their capital is in full ow. CONCLUSIONS ‘At the end of the discussions in the open debate forum, the participants came up with the following conclusions: + A plee forthe consideration of physical reconstruction to bpetarried out inthe context ofa national plan which would determine the distribution of resources. and_ growth between regions and beween urban and rural ares. ‘+A plea to consider reconstruction not asa ‘one-off project, but as the start of 2 process of insttutionalising the regulation of the city for sustainable development and of representing the interests of the community 95. 2 whole ‘+ A.concern to preserve, as much as possible, the coherence of the social fabric as a basis for any reconstruction project. ‘+ A-concem to contol the density and form of development ‘and to restrain the rights of the individual to develop their ‘own land in defiance ofthe interests ofthe community; the role of public authorities being to initiate, fellow up and control the implementation of reconstruction plans entrusted to various actors. + A call to launch public participation as an absolute necestity in any planning process. | information, consultation and partnerships are major elements of public participation, which should precede and accompany each, Step of the reconstruction process so as to prevent any demagogic distortion ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ie Sontibuton of The Latenee Company for the Dev Teourgy © Macks fae anes Zhen apace * Rh Sealng Engine * Mosawae Ede Compsny. ‘evkond 1SSE9 + FEBRUARY 1998 ‘cwsacon a Dei Cesta ti SOLADERE » Anode of rks Greate ginning Copan) «Dar A anda, Shat acess + Sfemcnied Consulting Engines (ACE) * Ras El hoary Pane “This teminas would not have Boe posse without the gents nance lopment | ly an ISN TS968 r JEngineers, inthe fulfilment of thelr professional dulles, must carefully consider the safety, health, and welfare of te publi [Engineers may perform services outside of ther areas of competence as long as they inform their employers or cts Engineers may sue subjective and paral statements # such statements are in wiling and consistent wih the best Interests of thei employers, cients, or the publi. Engineers shall ac for each employer or client as faithful agents or rustees. Engineers shall not be required to engage in truthful acis when required to protect the public heal, safety, and wetfare.- Engineers may not be requied to follow the pravisions of state or federal law when such actions could endanger or compromise their amployer or their cen’ interests. ; Wenginco's judgment is overruled under citcumstances that endanger Ife or propery, they shall notify their employers oF clients and such other authorty as may be appropriate Engineers may review bul shall not approve those engineering documents that are in centormity wth applicable stand ‘Engineers shall not reveal facts, data..hformation without the prior consent ofthe cient or employer except as authorized or required by law or ths Code. TEngiveers shal not permit fe use oftheir names or associates in business ventures with any person or rm that they believe engaged i fraudulent or dishonest enterprise, unless such enterprise or acviy is deemed consistont with appticabe state oF federel aw. ‘Engineors having Knowledge of any alleged violation ofthis Cade, fallawing a period of 30 days during which the violation Is not rected, shall report thereon to epproptiate professional bodies an, when relevant, also to pubic suthorties, and ‘cooperate with the proper authorties in urishing such information or assistance as may be required. ‘Enghwers shal undertake assignments only when gualfad by education or experience inthe specific technical elds involved. ‘Engineers shall not afix their signatures lo plans or documents dealing with subject matter i which they lack competence, but may affix thelr signatures fo plans or documents not prepared under ther drection and controtwhere they havo a good faith bee that such plans or documents were competent prepared by another designated party ‘Engineers may eccept assignments and aesume responsibilty for coordination of an entire project and shat sign and seal the engineering documents for the entie project, incuding each technical segment ofthe plans and documents. ‘Engineers shall strive to be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements or testimony, with primary ‘consideration forthe best mlerests ofthe engineers’ cients or employers, The engineers reports shal include al relevant and pertinent information in such reports etatements, or testimony, which shall bear the date on which the engineers were retained by the clients to prepare the reports. [Engineers may express publicly techaical opinions that ere founded upon knowledge ofthe facts and competence in the subject matter ‘Engineers shall not issue statements, criciems, or arguments on technical matters that are inspired opal for by Interested parties, unless thay have prefaced their comments Dy explicitly identying the interested parties on whose behalf they are speaking and revealing the existence of any intoast the engineers may have in the matters Engineers may not parfcipate in any matter involving a confict of interest It could influence or appeer to influonce their judgment or the qualty oftheir services. Engingers shall nt accept compensation, financial or athorwise, from more than one party for services on the same project, or for services pertaining fo the same project, unless the circumstances are ful disclosed and agreed to by all Interesied partes. Engineers shall not solic but may accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, fom outside ‘agers in connection with the work for which they are responsible, such compensation i fll dsclosed. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees of a governmental or quast-governmental body or dopertment may participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their organizations in private fr buble engineering practice as long as such decisions do not invlve technical engineering mattors for which they do not posses professional compotence. Engineers shall ot sick nar accept a contrac from a governmental body on which a principal or ofier oftheir organization serves as a member Engineers shall not intentional falsity ther qualifications nor actively perm written misrepresentation of thir ot thle associate’: qualifications. Engineers may accept ereds for pravious work performed where the work was performed during the peried the engineers were employed by the previcus amployer. Brochures or ater presentations incident tothe solitaon of ‘Employment shal specifcaly indicate the work performed and the dates the engineers were employed by he firms. Engineers shall not oe, give, soc, nor receive, other crecty or ncrectly, any contribution to infuence the award of a contract by a public authori, or which may be reasonably construed by the public as having the effector intent of influencing the award ofa contract unless such contibution is made in accordance wih applicable federal or state election campeign finance laws and regulations. Enginoors shall acknowledge ther errors after consulting with their employers or clients 26. False- see NSPE Code of Ethics 11, 21. False coe NSPE Code of Ethics 12. 28, False-see NSPE Code of Ethics 13. 29, True see NSPE Code of Ethics 1.4. 30, False- see NSPE Code of Ethics 15. Bt. Fale see NSPE Code of Ethics 16. 32, True- see NSPE Code of Ethios 11a 3a. False- soe NSPE Code of Ethic I1.b 34. True see NSPE Code of Ethie IL. 38. False -see NSPE Code of Ethios I.1.4 436. False -see NSPE Code of Ethics I.1.2.(7, pte) Csi Ya ry ( ) p Ca / Zs fash A Ont A Stet ws he > * Ae 7 ee fsb Cina behingHee Lp Sbum Loo © soy) ae” if Bile? Cal taal ¢ bhaaachhs By beck ye