SISTERS OF MARY OF BANNEUX, INC.

Biga II, Silang, Cavite 4118

SECOND SEMESTER FINAL TERM EXAMINATION

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

General Instructions: Answer the 45-item multiple choice test in 90 minutes. Shade the circle that corresponds
to the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device or a tool that is used to collect and
analyze research data. constructs research instrument/s (LT-AK-FK)
A. Instrument C. Research Protocol
B. Instrumentation D. Survey Questionnaire

2. It is the process of grouping codes under larger unifying classifications. analyzes and draws out patterns and
themes with intellectual honesty (LT-AK-FK)
A. Comparison C. Themes Formation
B. Categorization D. Pattern Formulation

3. It is a way of organizing your data properly which should include all the information you need to readily
retrieve and identify the data such as the name, location, contact information and date of data collection.
Infers and explain patterns and themes from data (FK)
A. labeling C. pre-coding
B. codebook D. making decisions

4. This is the process of relating finding with pertinent literature. Relates the findings with pertinent literature
(FK)
A. metacognition C. meta-procedure
B. meta-analysis D. organization

5. It is an ‘outcome of coding, categorization and analytic reflection, not something that is, in itself, coded’.
draws conclusions from patterns and themes (FK)
A. Codes C. Themes
B. Categories D. Classifications

6. This is the part of the research paper which contain practical suggestions that will improve the situation or
solve the problem investigated in the study. formulates recommendations based on conclusions (FK)
A. Rationale C. Recommendations
B. Conclusion D. Summary of Finding

7. Which of the following skills is needed when organizing an interview for data collection? constructs research
instrument/s (LT-AK-CK)
A. Technical competence C. Interactive competence
B. Interview competence D. Knowledge about communication theories

8. Which type of coding should you do when you want to know what words, ideas, and concepts are constantly
recurring in your data? analyzes and draws out patterns and themes with intellectual honesty (LT-AK-CK)
A. Pattern coding C. Frequency coding
B. Focused coding D. Comparison coding

9. If you want to capture concepts on who, what, and where, what type of code will you use? Infers and explain
patterns and themes from data (CK)
A. Descriptive: Nouns C. In Vivo
B. Descriptive: Action D. Interpretations

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For items 10 and 11, analyze the corpus below:
Question: How would you describe your situation during the COVID-19 crisis?
Participant: I am not really sure how I am doing in this pandemic. What is important though is I am still
alive. I already exhausted all our finances. I came to a point that I borrowed money from someone. We
were able to manage even up to March. Last April, we did not yet feel the impact. When we reached May,
we were slowly realizing that we were getting out of cash. So, we had to withdraw money and then I felt
fear because I’d see how much is left in our bank account. By the time we reached June, we were slowly
looking for coins, whatever we found in our house. Then we just cleaned the house hoping we would find
cash or maybe we would suddenly remember that we had cash placed somewhere in the house. We were
looking for stuff we could sell but nobody is interested in buying those. This is how COVID affected us.
My husband is a freelancer. He had jobs before March but eventually our clients decided to let him go
because they could no longer afford. We had good income because of my husband’s freelance work but
everything stopped because of COVID. So, we have to deal with what we have. We also have to let go of
our staff. Now you really feel that you are tight on budget. In the past, I was not really extra frugal. I was
not extravagant, but I was not also very mindful of our supplies. But now, I mind even the last drop of our
shampoo. It is really difficult to be poor. I experienced this before when I left home when I was in college.
I left without my parents’ knowledge, and I did not have money at that time. I don’t want that to happen
again. My experience in the past helped me to be frugal. And now, my past experiences seem to slowly
happen again. This is really traumatic. I think about what we will have tomorrow. It really affected my
mental health. I begin to think to give everything up. I cannot work because I have a psychosocial
disability. Since March, I have not visited my doctors for consultation. The last time I bought my
medicine was last April, since then I could not buy because the drugstores no longer honor my
prescription (outdated). That is why at the beginning of this interview, I shared with you that it is good
that I am still alive because there were times that I really thought of not wanting to continue to live
anymore. Before, my husband would show his affection to me so that I will not think of those kinds of
things. But now, my husband seems to be giving up as well.
Economic Policy Research Institute (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Households in
the National Capital Region of the Philippines. UNICEF Philippines.

10. Which of the following literature corresponds to the economic aspect of the experiences of the participant?
relates the findings with pertinent literature (LT-AK-CK)
A. Several people who lost their jobs during the COVID-19 outbreak are already in a different job.
B. Companies have shifted to remote work and freelancing opportunities increased as this scheme is
more cost-effective.
C. The labor force had to accept shorter hours and reduced wages which happened in agreement between
employers and employees.
D. Middle to lower income adults are unable to pay their bills and have borrowed money from their
family or friends to meet their needs.

11. Which of the following literature is appropriate if you are to interpret the health problems experienced by
the participant during the pandemic? relates the findings with pertinent literature (LT-AK-CK)
A. Households with an adult living with a disability were more likely to report COVID-19 symptoms.
B. Public health is of critical importance now more than ever as the world continues to try to slow the
spread of COVID-19.
C. Access to health information among adults did not significantly change during the pandemic as most
people rely on the internet.
D. As the pandemic rapidly sweeps, adults, care providers and people with underlying health conditions
experienced degrees of stress, anxiety and suicidal ideation.

12. If you are to draw conclusions from the patterns you observe from the responses in bold in data 1, 2, and 3,
which of the following would be the most appropriate theme? draws conclusions from patterns and themes
(CK)
It was really good. There was a variety of activities, the overhead and information where they 1
talked about it, and the opportunity to practice the activities together. I liked it. The 5 hours went
really quickly. We had a good group, and felt very comfortable because everyone was open and
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 sharing. And the lunch was wonderful. Having lunch was a good idea.
Yes, the structure helped my grasp the information, and I enjoyed the group size and variety of
activities. 5.5 hours was good enough, and it went quickly. It all seemed to follow their outline,
2
and it gave the opportunity to listen and then practice and get to know other people, because I was
there by myself.
I think I would have gotten the same information either with the overheads and printouts, but the
interpersonal and opportunity to relate to other people and have back and forth and the ability to
ask questions was more personal and enjoyable. In a webinar, I don’t feel comfortable asking
3
questions to someone I don’t know, so the personal, face to face was better than if I did the webinar.
I imagine I would have gotten the same information, but it wouldn’t have been as enjoyable, and
without the activities and other people’s questions, I wouldn’t probably remember as much.
1. What was your overall impression of the training in terms of its usefulness to your work?

It is great because I do survey development and work with people that develop surveys. It was
4
really helpful. Afterward, I analyzed surveys and it made me wish I had attended the training
before, because now I know there’s better ways to do it. Yes, it has definitely met my
expectations.
2. Has your confidence level about designing or adapting surveys changed at all because of
what you learned in the training?

I think my confidence increased because before I just did it, and now I know the reason why I
should be doing such things. I am more confident in my abilities. I feel more knowledgeable.
The one trap I know to be very careful of the double-barreled questions and to use simpler
words in the surveys so it’s easily more understood. I also like the idea of putting similar kinds
of questions together, like putting yes/no questions together and putting multiple choice 5
questions together, and other formatting issues that make it pleasing to the eye and easy to
follow. The double barrel one is the one that I encountered in the past.

And another thing I’ve never done, and made me wish I had the training before I did a survey,
was that I would have known to field test the survey first to make sure that the questions are
clear and easily understood and you’re getting a clear idea of what their thoughts are instead of
things that can be ambiguous.

A. Participant Perception C. Participant’s Answers

B. Participant Satisfaction D. Participant’s Suggestions

13. How could a researcher provide an effective conclusion based on the patterns and themes that emerged from
the analysis? draws conclusions from patterns and themes (CK)
A. Suggest topics that could be further investigated.
B. Present new information and elaborate the findings of the study.
C. Give importance to the insignificant points of the results of the study.
D. Connect the findings to larger issues to show that the research contributes to a broader discussion.

14. Which of the following is true about the recommendation of a research paper? formulates recommendations
based on conclusions (CK)
A. Each recommendation should trace directly to a conclusion.
B. Recommendation summarizes the findings and interpretation of the paper.
C. Recommendation represent the contribution of the research to the knowledge.
D. Recommendation is where the researcher informs the readers what he has accomplished through the
research.
15. Which of the following is true about the recommendation part of a research paper? formulates
recommendations based on conclusions (LT-AK-CK)
A. It should trace directly to a conclusion.
B. It should contain the beneficiaries of the study.
C. It should contain the contributions made by the study.
D. It should summarize the findings and interpretations of a research paper.

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16. Which of the following questions will you consider when choosing the most appropriate qualitative research
design for your study? chooses appropriate qualitative research design (CT-MM-PK)
I. What will you record?
II. What is your aim/purpose?
III. What will you do with your findings?
IV. What are the pros and cons of this process?
V. What will be your role/presence in the study?
VI. What and whose permission will you need to gain information?
A. II and IV B. I and IV C. I and VI D. II and III

For items 17 - 18, refer to the given below.

Research Statement: The Effect of an English Teacher’s Teaching Style on Students’ Motivation
Assumption: If the English teacher's teaching style would fit in a class and is used consistently, then students
are motivated to learn.
Purpose of the Study: The main thrust of the study was to find out the effect of the English teacher's
teaching style on students' motivation.
Research Questions: This paper attempted to answer specific questions such as:
1. What is the effect of English teacher's teaching style using English as a Second Language Strategies
on student's motivation?
2. How does the English teacher's teaching style affect students' motivation?
3. What are some categories that make the English teacher’s teaching style effective in motivating
students?

17. Which sampling procedure is the most appropriate for the given study? describes sampling procedure and
sample (CT-MM-PK)
A. Quota sampling C. Stratified sampling
B. Cluster sampling D. Purposive sampling

18. What data collection and research instrument will best yield the needed data to answer the research
questions? constructs research instrument/s (CT-MM-PK)
A. direct observation and interaction with the subject
B. observation - describe experiences of phenomenon
C. clarify validity & reliability of data - primary sources, authenticity, biases
D. data collection - gain entrance to culture; immerse self in culture; acquire informants; gather data
through direct observation & interaction with subjects

19. Mark and his team wanted to replicate a study done by the previous batch of students to see whether the
instrument will yield the same results. Which type of research instrument should they use? constructs
research instrument/s (CT-MM-PK)
A. Adopted B. Adapted C. Plagiarized D. Modified

20. When conducting action research, which of the following are considered as the most valid and reliable
technique in collecting single source of data? constructs research instrument/s (CT-MM-PK)
A. Interview C. Triangulation
B. Observation D. Focus Group Discussion

21. What chronology of steps in data collection will best accomplish a case study? plans data collection and
analysis procedures (CT-MM-PK)
I. Interact with the subject.
II. Make a direct observation.
III. Choose a case study problem.
IV. Document and sort the interaction.
V. Analyze and make a write-up of the interaction.
A. III, II, I, IV, V B. I, II, III, IV, V C. III, I, II, V, IV D. I, III, V, II, IV

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22. Before collecting any research data, what ethical practice should every researcher observe? plans data
collection and analysis procedures (CT-MM-PK)
A. Inform the participants of the venue of the interview or focus group discussion.
B. Seek the permission of authorities (e.g., school administrators, teachers, parents) to conduct the data
collection.
C. Make the research participants sign a form informing them of the nature of the study, their rights as
participants, and the possible consequences of their participation.
D. See to it that the venue where the data collection will be conducted is well-ventilated and relaxing to
make the participants feel comfortable in answering the interview questions.

For items 23 – 24, refer to the data below.

Question: What does the term parent engagement mean to you?
Participant: 1Well it’s like being there, you know. 2Being supportive.
Question: Can you elaborate on what you mean by ‘being there’ and supportive?
Participant: 3Being engaged means that I take responsibility for raising my kid, not the school or anyone
else. 4I make it a point to know what is happening at school, you know in terms of the curriculum, deadlines,
homework, what teachers expect, what Sara should be working on to succeed. 5We work with Sara every
night on her homework. 6We check it. 7But beyond school stuff, being engaged also means knowing your
kid’s friend, and what your child is doing. 8I guess for me it’s hard to articulate because it’s so pervasive.
9
There’s no one thing, it’s really everything. 10School, after-school, what they’re watching on TV, who
they’re texting, what’s on their phone… monitoring their friends. 11Wow that’s a big one.

23. What type of code should be assigned to Datum 1? demonstrates understanding of drawing out patterns and
themes from data (CT-MM-PK)
A. belief systems C. descriptive: nouns
B. interpretations D. descriptive: actions

24. Which data would fall under ‘Belief Systems Code’? demonstrates understanding of drawing out patterns
and themes from data (CT-MM-PK)
A. Datum 8 B. Datum 9 C. Datum 10 D. All of the above

25. What is the correct order of the following elements when developing a codebook? analyzes and draws out
patterns and themes with intellectual honesty (CT-MM-PK)
I. Examples
II. Code Name
III. Code Definition
IV. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
A. I, III, II, IV B. I, III, IV, II C. II, III, IV, I D. II, III, I, IV

26. Which of the following is the correct order of making decision on what to code? analyzes and draws out
patterns and themes with intellectual honesty (CT-MM-PK)
I. First Coding Cycle
II. Preparing the documents
III. Formatting the documents
IV. Creating a hard copy of the documents
A. II, III, IV, I B. II, IV, III, I C. IV, III, II, I D. I, III, IV, II

27. Which of the following is the correct order of organizing and analyzing qualitative data? analyzes and draws
out patterns and themes with intellectual honesty (CT-MM-PK)
I. Creating Codes
II. Creating Themes
III. Creating Categories
A. I, II, III B. II, I, III C. III, I, II D. I, III, II

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28. What is the correct order of doing an interview with the participants? collects data through observation and
interviews (CT-MM-PK)
I. Introduce yourself.
II. Establish the project’s purpose.
III. Provide a brief description of the project.
IV. Establish how you will use the information.
V. Thank the interviewees for their participation.
A. I, V, III, II, IV B. V, I, II, IV, III C. III, IV, V, II, I D. IV, III, V, II, I

29. When using observation as one of your methods for collecting your data, which of the following should be
considered under this technique? collects data through observation and interviews (CT-MM-PK)
A. survey, video recording, photographs, and artifacts
B. questions, survey, video recording, photographs, and artifacts
C. written descriptions, video recording, photographs, and artifacts
D. questions, written descriptions, video recording, photographs, and artifacts

30. Based on the data below, what is the appropriate code for data 3? Infers and explain patterns and themes
from data (PK)
It was really good. There was a variety of activities, the overhead and information where they
talked about it, and the opportunity to practice the activities together. I liked it. The 5 hours went
1
really quickly. We had a good group, and felt very comfortable because everyone was open and
sharing. And the lunch was wonderful. Having lunch was a good idea.
Yes, the structure helped my grasp the information, and I enjoyed the group size and variety of
activities. 5.5 hours was good enough, and it went quickly. It all seemed to follow their outline,
2
and it gave the opportunity to listen and then practice and get to know other people, because I was
there by myself.
I think I would have gotten the same information either with the overheads and printouts, but the
interpersonal and opportunity to relate to other people and have back and forth and the ability to
ask questions was more personal and enjoyable. In a webinar, I don’t feel comfortable asking
3
questions to someone I don’t know, so the personal, face to face was better than if I did the webinar.
I imagine I would have gotten the same information, but it wouldn’t have been as enjoyable, and
without the activities and other people’s questions, I wouldn’t probably remember as much.
3. What was your overall impression of the training in terms of its usefulness to your work?

It is great because I do survey development and work with people that develop surveys. It was
4
really helpful. Afterward, I analyzed surveys and it made me wish I had attended the training
before, because now I know there’s better ways to do it. Yes, it has definitely met my
expectations.
4. Has your confidence level about designing or adapting surveys changed at all because of
what you learned in the training?

I think my confidence increased because before I just did it, and now I know the reason why I
should be doing such things. I am more confident in my abilities. I feel more knowledgeable.
The one trap I know to be very careful of the double-barreled questions and to use simpler
words in the surveys so it’s easily more understood. I also like the idea of putting similar kinds
of questions together, like putting yes/no questions together and putting multiple choice 5
questions together, and other formatting issues that make it pleasing to the eye and easy to
follow. The double barrel one is the one that I encountered in the past.

And another thing I’ve never done, and made me wish I had the training before I did a survey,
was that I would have known to field test the survey first to make sure that the questions are
clear and easily understood and you’re getting a clear idea of what their thoughts are instead of
things that can be ambiguous.

A. Frequency C. Feelings
B. Interpretations D. Belief Systems

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For items 31-40, analyze the transcript below:

31. Which word from the participant’s responses is under the feeling’s category? infers and explains patterns
and themes from data (CT-MM-PK)
A. exhausted B. extravagant C. fear D. frugal

32. Which of the following codes is appropriate if you are to code the reasons why the participant and her
husband do not have a source of income? infers and explains patterns and themes from data (CT-MM-PK)
A. assessment B. in vivo C. interpretation D. local causation

33. Which of the following themes can emerge in the late second cycle coding? infers and explains patterns and
themes from data (CT-MM-PK)
A. unemployment and depression
B. past experiences and disabilities
C. sources of income and COVID-19 pandemic
D. financial problems and mental health struggles

For item 34-36, analyze the text below:

It was really good. There was a variety of activities, the overhead and information where they
talked about it, and the opportunity to practice the activities together. I liked it. The 5 hours went
1
really quickly. We had a good group, and felt very comfortable because everyone was open and
sharing. And the lunch was wonderful. Having lunch was a good idea.
Yes, the structure helped my grasp the information, and I enjoyed the group size and variety of
activities. 5.5 hours was good enough, and it went quickly. It all seemed to follow their outline,
2
and it gave the opportunity to listen and then practice and get to know other people, because I was
there by myself.
I think I would have gotten the same information either with the overheads and printouts, but the
interpersonal and opportunity to relate to other people and have back and forth and the ability to
ask questions was more personal and enjoyable. In a webinar, I don’t feel comfortable asking
3
questions to someone I don’t know, so the personal, face to face was better than if I did the webinar.
I imagine I would have gotten the same information, but it wouldn’t have been as enjoyable, and
without the activities and other people’s questions, I wouldn’t probably remember as much.
5. What was your overall impression of the training in terms of its usefulness to your work?

It is great because I do survey development and work with people that develop surveys. It was
4
really helpful. Afterward, I analyzed surveys and it made me wish I had attended the training
before, because now I know there’s better ways to do it. Yes, it has definitely met my
expectations.
6. Has your confidence level about designing or adapting surveys changed at all because of
what you learned in the training?

I think my confidence increased because before I just did it, and now I know the reason why I
should be doing such things. I am more confident in my abilities. I feel more knowledgeable.
The one trap I know to be very careful of the double-barreled questions and to use simpler
words in the surveys so it’s easily more understood. I also like the idea of putting similar kinds
of questions together, like putting yes/no questions together and putting multiple choice 5
questions together, and other formatting issues that make it pleasing to the eye and easy to
follow. The double barrel one is the one that I encountered in the past.

And another thing I’ve never done, and made me wish I had the training before I did a survey,
was that I would have known to field test the survey first to make sure that the questions are
clear and easily understood and you’re getting a clear idea of what their thoughts are instead of
things that can be ambiguous.

34. If you are to interpret data 5, which of the following literature would best serve your purpose? Relates the
findings with pertinent literature (PK)
A. When a speaker brings vitality and enthusiasm to a lecture, people remain attentive and likely benefit
from the presentation.
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 B. Learning-by-doing is a concept in economic theory by which productivity is achieved through practice,
self-perfection and minor innovations.
C. Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an
idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a
guide for action.
D. None of the above.

35. If you are to interpret data 3, which of the following literature would best serve your purpose? Relates the
findings with pertinent literature (PK)
A. Interactive sessions provide workshop style interaction amongst the participants and the panelists.
B. When a speaker brings vitality and enthusiasm to a lecture, people remain attentive and likely benefit
from the presentation.
C. Learning-by-doing is a concept in economic theory by which productivity is achieved through practice,
self-perfection and minor innovations.
D. Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms an
idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a
guide for action.

36. If you are to interpret data 1 especially on the concept of variety of activities, which of the following
literature would best serve your purpose? Relates the findings with pertinent literature (PK)
A. Interactive sessions provide workshop style interaction amongst the participants and the panelists.
B. The use of different activities in learning sessions help learners learn various process in varying levels
of interaction and thinking.
C. Lectures are probably the best teaching method in many circumstances and for many students;
especially for communicating conceptual knowledge, and where there is a significant knowledge gap
between lecturer and audience.
D. Most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others, one forms
an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a
guide for action.
37. How do the reviewed literature help in developing themes in the coding process? relates the findings with
pertinent literature (CT-MM-PK)
A. Gap in the reviewed literature can be supported by the results of the analysis.
B. Established concepts and theories can be related to the themes formed in the process.
C. Literature can help researchers to develop emergent codes from the participants’ responses.
D. Established concepts and theories can explain the participants’ assumptions about the phenomenon.

38. If you are to draw conclusions from the patterns you observe from the responses in bold in data 1, 2, and 3,
which of the following would be the most appropriate theme? draws conclusions from patterns and themes
(CK)
A. Participant Perception C. Participant’s Answers
B. Participant Satisfaction D. Participant’s Suggestions

39. What would best conclude the data 1, 2, and 3? draws conclusions from patterns and themes (PK)
A. The participant is unsure of what he/she feels and thinks about the training.
B. The participant is satisfied with the activities, time allotment, and interactions in the training.
C. The participant is not satisfied with the activities, time allotment, and interactions in the training.
D. The participant suggests some improvement on the activities, time allotment, and interactions in the
training.

40. When developing a compelling conclusion drawn from patterns and themes of data, which of the following
should you consider? draws conclusions from patterns and themes (PK)
I. Recommend a specific course or courses of action that, if adopted, could address a specific
problem in practice or in the development of new knowledge.
II. Conclusions can be lengthy if necessary information are needed and details about your
methodology or results should also be included.
III. If your discipline encourages personal reflection, illustrate your concluding point with a
relevant narrative drawn from your own life experiences.

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 IV. Provide a "take-home" message in the form of a strong, succinct statement that you want the
reader to remember about your study.

A. I, II, III, IV C. I, III, and IV

B. I, II, and IV D. II, III, and IV

41. Which of the following should a researcher consider when developing a compelling conclusion drawn from
the patterns and themes of the data? draws conclusions from patterns and themes (CT-MM-PK)

I. Present new information which is not reflected in the results of analysis and cite its sources
correctly.
II. Recommend a specific course of action that could address a specific problem or develop
new knowledge.
III. Conclusions can be lengthy if more information is necessary and details about the
methodology should be included.
V. Give insights drawn from the findings of each problem, however, they should not come from
indirect implications.

A. I B. II and IV C. I II and IV D. II and IV

For items 42 – 44, read each research finding and choose the most appropriate recommendation for it.
formulates recommendations based on conclusions (CT-MM-PK)

42. There were enrolled students who spent no time on educational activities either by themselves or with a
parent in the previous 7 days.
A. Consider face-to-face classes because young children are least able to cope with remote learning.
B. Work with telecommunication companies to have access to educational websites that cost zero internet
load.
C. Schools are suggested to provide information and guidelines to parents on how they can support their
children’s learning.
D. Schools should consider postponing the academic year so students can have more time in coping with
the new normal of learning.

43. Nearly all respondents suffered severe financial consequences due to the crisis, suggesting that the effect of
COVID-19 on poor households may be far larger than expected.
A. The government should provide additional emergency social assistance.
B. The government should encourage the establishment of community pantries to help a lot of people.
C. The government should improve their household data to identify the families who need assistance.
D. The government should improve their virtual social registries for benefits such as PhilHealth and Social
Security System.

44. Pregnant women are receiving fewer maternal care check-ups and are less likely to take vitamins and tablets
due to lockdowns.
A. Hospitals should offer home health care services at an affordable price.
B. Barangay health workers should demonstrate their capacity to deliver doorstep health services.
C. Clear communication must be present on social programs including providing health care services to
people.
D. Consider a partial relaxation of lockdown restrictions to allow people to have access to healthcare
services.

45. When writing the recommendation part of your research paper, which of the following should you AVOID?
formulates recommendations based on conclusions (PK)
A. Must be logical, specific, attainable and relevant.
B. Should recommend anything that is not part of your study or not being mentioned in your findings.
C. Must present another topic which is very relevant to the present study that can be further investigated by
future researchers.
D. Should be addressed to persons, organizations, or agencies directly concerned with the issues or to those
who can immediately implement the recommended solutions.

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*** END OF EXAMINATION ***

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