Offshore - Appointed Person Lifting New

Appointed Person – Offshore Lifting Operations
TUV SUD MIDDLE EAST

ABU DHABI – UAE
1
Appointed Person - Offshore Lifting Operations
ADMINISTRATION
The delegates need to fill in the relevant

information in the attendance sheet provided.
TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C
2
Who we are & what services we offer ?
Mr.
Participants are Requested for brief Self introduction with

regards to their background of professional experience
and qualifications

3
Course:
This course is suitable for supervisors and managers •

with responsibility for Offshore Lifting Operations.
Overview
This course will give you an understanding of the
Appointed Person’s responsibilities and how to fulfill
them.
Course structure
Observe Local Regulations and Codes of Practice•
Follow safe systems of work including method statements•
Advanced Rigging & Slinging•
Lift Categorization•
Take personal responsibility•
Describe different types of offshore cranes and associated •
terminology
Understand crane documentation•
Knowledge of Offshore Crane Operations and Offshore Crane •
inspection.
Understand Offshore crane stability, duty charts and safety •
devices
Knowledge of International standards like BS, ASME, DIN etc•
Recognize the role of Appointed Person•
Preparation of lifting plans•
Risk Assessment•
Carry out Offshore Lifting Operations, as per approved Lift • 4
TOPICS COVERED
SECTION Description of topics Day Slide Number
1 1.1 Terms and Definitions used 8 - 22
1. 2 Duties and Responsibilities 23 - 30
TEA BREAK
1.3 Legal Requirement 31 -44
1.4 Rigging and Slinging 1

45 - 145
LUNCH BREAK
1.5 Dos AND Don’ts 146 – 152
TEA BREAK
1.6 Video Illustrations 153

5
TOPICS COVERED (contd..)
2 1. Types of offshore cranes 154 – 160
2. Inspection of offshore cranes 161 – 179
3. Operation Manual & Log book 180
4. Proximity Hazards 181 – 186
TEA BREAK
5. Working with offshore cranes 187 – 208
6. Crane Set-up 209 – 218
7. Poor Rigging Practices1 219 – 217
8. Load Rating chart 2 218 – 219
9. Lifting Areas Diagram 220
LUNCH BREAK
10. The Range Diagram 221
11. Rated Capacity Indicator 222
12. Tandem Lift 223 – 225
TEA BREAK
13. Video Illustration 226

6
TOPICS COVERED (contd…)

3 3.1 Risk Assessment 228 – 239

3.2 Lifting Plan 240 – 241
TEA BREAK
3.3 Types of OffshoreLifting Operations 242 – 245
3.4 Method Statement 3 246 - 247
LUNCH BREAK
3.5 Lifting Data Table & Sling Tension Calculation 248 – 250
3.6 Video Illustration 251
TEA BREAK
3.7 Practical Training-Scenario Practice ( CASE STUDY) 252
4 4.1 Practical Training-Scenario Practice ( CASE STUDY)(Cont.) 253
LUNCH BREAK
4.2 Examination 4 254
TEA BREAK
5 5.0 Appendices 255 - 303
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SECTION-1
1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

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1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)
Appointed Person
Person nominated by the management to be in overall control of Offshore Offshore Lifting
Operations in his area, he shall be qualified and trained and be competent to prepare the Lift plan
and supervise the specific Offshore Offshore Lifting Operations.
Approved
Approved by ADMA-OPCO
Area Authority
Department in charge of the area where the lift is to be performed.
Asset Owner
Entity that owns lifting equipment. ADMA-OPCO, Supplier or Contractor.
Cargo Carrying Unit (CCU)

Equipment with dedicated corner fittings used in lifting and transportation of
materials/equipment to and from offshore

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Certification
In the context of this document, certification refers to the process whereby
lifting equipment is certified by the responsible Classification Society, Statutory
Authority or
other Competent Third Party body deemed to be acceptable by ADMA-OPCO
Certified Visual Inspection

Inspection of lifting equipment accompanied by certification or approved
documentation. The inspection must be signed by a suitably qualified person.
It typically includes visual, dimensional, ultrasonic, magnetic particle testing, as
well as opening up and dismantling or any other such means as considered
necessary by the Inspector.
CoG Shift Factor (CGSF)

For 2-Hooks (Hooks on the same Vessel); the individual gross weight of each
hook shall be multiplied by (CoG Shift Factor) and (Tilt Factor) to account of
increased loads due to tolerances of the elevation in the Crane’s Hooks.
10
Consequence Factor (CSF)

Additional factor of safety of magnitude related to the consequence of failure,
over and above working stress design safety factor, applied to main members of
the structure being lifted in the design for Offshore Offshore Lifting Operations.
Contingency Factor (CTF)

A Factor in which the Calculated Weight of Load shall be multiplied with in order
to determine the Actual Net Weight of Load.
Contractor
Is the Company contracted to undertake the works of a Project and is
accountable to ADMA-OPCO's or its nominated representative.
Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF)

Factor that is applied to the static loads to account for acceleration induced
additional forces (Impact and Acceleration).

11
Equipment Container
Enclosure or frame designed specifically for lifting a particular item of equipment or containing permanent
fixtures such as a workshop. Typically is a conversion of an international container. The container with
contents remains at a constant mass and center of gravity. Would normally have dedicated rigging attached
via pad eyes. Includes drilling support equipment, welding units, air compressor
units and workshops
Engineer
A graduate engineer or preferably a Member of the Institute of Engineers, or recognized equivalent that is
competent and has adequate experience to assure that the technical requirements of this standard are met.
Engineered Lift
Any lift requiring additional assurance above that normally in place for operational lifting.
GROSS Weight
The maximum permissible combined weight of a cargo container and its contents i.e. GROSS
WEIGHT = TARE WEIGHT + PAY LOAD
Headroom
The maximum vertical distance between the item to be lifted and the point of suspension of the hoisting
machine, eg between the lifting eyes and the underside of runway beams

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Initiator
Person who requests a lift.
Inshore Lift
A lift performed to or from a free floating or anchored vessel in a sheltered still water
environment e.g. jetty lifts to/ from a supply boat, near shore lifts vessel to vessel.
Inspection
Inspection is defined as a detailed visual examination and other such measures
considered necessary by an Inspector to determine the condition of the lifting
equipment. Inspection includes visual, dimensional,
ultrasonic, magnetic particle testing, opening up and dismantling or any other such
means as considered necessary by the Inspector. Refer to the definitions of ‘Certified
visual inspection’ and ‘Thorough visual inspection’ for application of the inspection
measures.
Inspector
The term inspector is used to describe any person carrying out inspection of
lifting equipment. In all cases, the inspector shall have experience and
training suitable to the inspection being performed. Where inspections
referred to in this document require specific qualifications, these have been
given in the appropriate section.
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1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (contd..)
Device
An item equipped with mechanical means for moving or placing a freely
suspended load.
Lifting Equipment
This term encompasses all lifting devices and lifting gear.
Lifting Gear
An item of equipment for use with a lifting device for lifting people, equipment or
materials. The item is designed to be detachable from the crane, includes both rigging,
and lifted equipment. Points on a structure such as Pad-eyes and trunnions to which
rigging is attached.
Dedicated lifting equipment that is permanently attached to a cargo container or CCU.
Lifting Supervisor
Refer to Appointed person definition, except the duties of Preparing a Lift Plan.

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Limit State Design

Limit state design is the approach, which ensures that the effect of loads does not
exceed the available resistance for various ‘limit states’ such as
serviceability, operations, fatigue, transport and extreme events.
Line Manager
The person accountable for the operation and management of lifting equipment under
his/her control. For Contractor owned equipment the Line Manager is the Contractor’s
representative. For a Project, the Line Manager is the Project Manager.
Manufacturer.
The named Manufacturer in the ADMA-OPCO Purchase Order. The term "Manufacturer"
as used in this Standard includes all Manufacturers and sub-suppliers of equipment
covered by this Standard.
MODU Code
Modular Offshore Drilling Unit Code.

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Net Weight
The maximum permissible weight of the contents of a container/ skip.
Offshore Container
Container designed for the movement of equipment or cargo to and from
offshore installations. These containers are also suitable for Offshore use
and include all types of open and enclosed containers, skips, baskets,
waste bins & bulk fluid tanks etc.
Offshore Lift
A lift performed to or from a vessel in an open sea environment within
operational envelopes, (maximum significant wave heights are typically 5
feet) e.g. from vessel to vessel, platform to/ from vessel.
On-Platform Lift
A lift performed entirely onboard a fixed offshore platform. (e.g. from
platform deck to deck - NOT to or from the platform)

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Offshore Lift
A lift performed to or from a vessel in an open sea environment within operational
envelopes, (maximum significant wave heights are typically 6 feet) e.g. from vessel to vessel,
platform to/ from vessel)
On-Platform Lift
A lift performed entirely onboard a fixed offshore platform. (e.g. from platform deck to deck
- NOT to or from the platform
Offshore Lift
A lift performed entirely on land. (e.g. from land to land)
Outfitting Members
Those elements of lifted equipment necessary to complete the functional requirements of
the unit, e.g.
equipment and services supports, doors or gates and general functional items.
Performing Authority
Is the person performing and monitoring the lift e.g. Lifting Supervisornel, rigger, crane
operator, technician and contractors

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Personnel Lift
A lift involving the transportation of personnel.
Primary Load Bearing Member

Those structural elements of lifted equipment considered to be directly carrying loads from the
Pad-eyes and participating in the overall integrity of the unit, e.g. beams connected to pad eyes,
corner columns, and main members.
Quality Assurance
All those planned and systematic actions (QA) necessary to ensure quality i.e. to provide
adequate confidence that a product or service will be fit for its intended purpose.
Quality Manual
A Document setting out the general quality policies, procedures and practices of an organization.
Quality Management System

The structure organization, responsibilities, activities, resources and events that together provide
organized
procedures and methods of implementation to ensure the capability of the organization to meet
quality
requirements.

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Quality Plan
A document prepared by the Contractor/Vendor setting out the specific quality practices,
resources and activities relevant to a particular project.
Quality System.
The structure organization, responsibilities, activities, resources and events that together
provide organized procedures and methods of implementation to ensure the capability of
the organization to meet quality requirements.
Responsible Person
The person(s) who is deemed accountable for completing activities associated with lifting
equipment and their operation.
SPA (Single Point Authority)

Refer to the definition of SPA in Section 5.6 of this Document. ADMAOPCO representative in
charge of coordinating the lift e.g. ZWSC, USSC Crane Supervisor etc

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Safe Working Load (SWL)

The maximum GROSS load which may be imposed for a specific use in order to allow an
adequate margin of safety. The SWL may equal but shall never exceed the WLL.
Skew Load Factor (SKL)

The factor by which the load on any lift point or pair of lift points and rigging is multiplied
to account
for sling length mis-match in a statically indeterminate lift.
Secondary Load Bearing Members

Those elements of lifting equipment that are not considered as PrimaryMembers and
participate only in the local strength of the unit. E.g. Internal floor members, vertical
members other than corner posts or those not connected to pad eyes, and wall or floor
plates.
Sling Angle
The angle the sling makes with the Vertical.
Sub Sea Lift

A lift in which the lifted load is intended to be partially or fully submerged
in a body of water.

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Tare Weight
The weight of an empty container or the weight of a lifting beam or lifting frame, complete
with dedicated components
Testing
Testing in the context of inspection is that testing shall be carried out periodically by a
responsible person, in conjunction with inspection, at periods defined by this document.
Tilt Factor (TF)

For 2-Hooks (Hooks on the same Vessel); the individual gross weight of each hook shall be
multiplied by (CoG Shift Factor) and (Tilt Factor) to account of increased loads due to
tolerances of the elevation in the Crane’s Hooks.
Tonne (t)
For the purposes of this document, one Tonne shall be interpreted as 1000 kilograms
which is equal to 2204 lbs.
TPA
Is the Company contracted to undertake the Third Party Inspection & Verification Tasks
(TPA) on behalf of ADMA-OPCO.

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Vendor
The named Manufacturer or Supplier in the ADMA-OPCO Purchase Order.
The term “Vendor” as used herein includes all Manufacturers and subsuppliers
of equipment covered by this Document.
Working Load Limit (WLL)

The maximum GROSS load which may be applied under general conditions of
use.
Working Stress Design

Design philosophy that compares stresses induced by design loads to allowable
stresses calculated as a percentage of material yield stress.
Yaw Factor (YF)

For a 2-hook lift, with 2 slings to each hook, the load to each lift point shall be
multiplied by a yaw factor, to account for tolerances in lift radii of the 2 hooks.

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1.2 Duties and Responsibilities

Appointed Person
* Responsible for ensuring the correct and safe implementation of any lift, with the training,
Practical and theoretical knowledge for the categorization of that particular lift.
* Lift Plans Preparations, Review, Approve, Endorse and Execution
The Appointed Person has operational control of the lift and:

a. Is designated as being in charge of planning, coordinating, controlling and executing the lift;
b. Selecting the correct crane and accessories for the specific task;
c. Prepare the lift plan and ensure the required controls are in place;
d. Ensures that the lifting equipment is maintained, examined and appropriate for use;
e. Checks that load integrity and stability are satisfactory;
f. Ensures that people involved are competent for performing their task, aware of the task and
procedures to be followed, and aware of their responsibilities;
g. Ensure competent supervisor available should the Appointed Person delegate his duties of part
thereof to others;
h. Ensure all necessary test certificates and other documents are available;
i. Ensure all other statutory requirements and any necessary work permits are in place;
j. Identify all hazards and restricted areas;
k. Emergency Procedures in case of damage or impairment to the crane during operation, and for
safe recovery of the crane to a holding location on the installation;
.
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1.2 Duties and Responsibilities

Appointed Person ( contd…)
l. Ensuring that the person directing crane movements (Signaller / Banksman) is readily identifiable
to the crane operator by wearing high visibility clothing or distinguishing markings;
m. Ensuring that the workplace is provided with adequate lighting for night lifting;
n. Briefs people involved in or affected by the lift;
o. Ensures the lift is carried out following the plan. Suspends the lift if changes or conditions (eg,
wind) occur that would cause a deviation from the plan;
p. Monitors the performance of all involved personnel to ensure that adequate standards of
performance are maintained;
q. Manages any special issues such as language barriers and new/inexperienced staff;
r. Checks that there is no deviation from standards for routine lifts;
s. Shall allow for concurrent or simultaneous operations that may affect or be affected by the lift, eg,
helicopter operations, ballast control, other cranes.
* The Appointed person can delegate his duties to competent personnel,

however the responsibility is still with the Appointed Person.
.
* The Appointed person has the authority to stop operations where danger is
likely to arise if operations continue.
h.
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1.2 Duties and Responsibilities (contd..)
Crane Operator
➢Be responsible for operate the specific type of lifting equipment only for which
he is trained and assessed.
➢Perform routing daily inspections/ pre operational checks and function testing
of equipment they operate to demonstrate operational readiness of the
equipment.
➢Duly complete all required operation logs, pre-use inspection

procedures and checks.
➢Ensure the lifting equipment is within the testing and inspection intervals
by examination of the periodic recertification tags and/ or documentation.

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➢ Crane Operator
➢ Not engage in any other activity that might divert the attention, while
engaged in the operation of the equipment.
➢ Assess the stability of the ground/equipment and environmental

conditions are within operational procedures and tests the
communication system.
➢ Observe and note other activities within the load/equipment operating

area to avoid the development of any foreseen hazards.
➢ Warn the personnel in the area of load/equipment movement.
➢ Not knowingly operate the faulty and defective equipment.

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Crane Operator
➢Be responsible for reporting the defects noted during the operation of
the equipment to the maintenance focal person to schedule the
required service. Notify the service department to schedule the routine
service when service intervals are approaching.
➢ Be responsible to take the actions to avoid dangerous operation

including stopping operations.
➢Crane operator shall be responsible to control the crane operations

as per approved lifting plan.
➢Crane operator shall only respond to the Instruction(signal) given by

the banksman/ approved signaler, how ever he shall follow the
emergency signal from any one at the site in case of emergency

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Crane Operator
➢ Shall verify that the lifted personnel wear the required PPE for the lift.
➢ Be responsible to secure the equipment at the end of each working

shift.

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Rigger or Slingers
➢Be responsible for the selection of the correct lifting arrangement in
accordance with the planned lifting operations.
➢Check the lifting equipment being used is in good condition, certified

for use, correctly color coded, and of sufficient capacity tom carry out
the lift.
➢ Be responsible for attaching and detaching to and from the crane.
➢Ensure that no load is to be lifted where the weight is not stated or

unknown.
➢Be aware of any obstructions within the crane radius and working
area.
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Rigger or Slingers
➢Ensure all hands are free of lifting accessories and stand clear
before the load strain is taken.
➢ Ensure at all times that the load is under complete control by the use
of taglines, or whatever assistance that is deemed necessary.
➢Clearly indicate to the crane operator where the load has to be

moved to or placed and, where possible, he shall follow each load to its
destination.
➢ Warn the other personnel in the area of movement of the load.
➢Stop the lifting operation if anything out of the ordinary occurs and
check that it is safe to continue the operation, solely direct the lifting
and loading activities and operations.
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Rigger or Slingers
➢ Observe and note other activities within the crane’s operating area to
avoid the development of any unforeseen hazards.
➢Ensure that the crane hook is positioned above load centre signaling
to the crane operator
➢Ensure that no personnel standing near the load already positioned,

when other load will be lifted to reposition.
➢ Ensure that the escape route is identified.
➢Check no personnel are beneath the load whilst lifting is in progress.

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Banks man or Signaller

➢Be responsible for directing the movement of the crane/load using
the designated signaling method.
➢Coordinate the lifting movements and maintain radio-and/ visual

communication with the operator and persons close to the load and
stand in a place where he can see the load and crane operator can
clearly see him.
➢When radio system being used as means of communication; crane

operator shall agree with the banksman and rigger for the frequency
channel during tool box talk.
➢ Wear high visibility clothing to identify him from other personnel.
➢ Not perform the duty of rigger while performing the role of banksman.
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RIGGER LEVELS FOR LIFT CATEGORIES
LIFT CATEGORY
Rigger Routine Non-Routine Non-Routine Non-Routine

Level Simple Complicated Complex
1 √ x x x
2 √ √ x x
3 √ √ √ √

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1.3 Legal Requirements
1. OSHAD - CoP 34.0
2.The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999.
3. Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

(LOLER).
4.Provision and use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

(PUWER).
5. UAE Ministerial Order No. 32, Year 1982 (Article 20)
6. LIMS- ANDNC OFFSHORE STANDARD for Lifting Operations

Reg: AO-IG-L-MS- 001 REV.1 dated Mar 2021

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1.3 Legal Requirements(contd..)
1. OSHAD CoP 34.0
Developed by the Building and Construction Sector Regulatory Authority as the primary Competent
Authority for this topic to set the minimum mandatory requirements.
Applies to all employers within the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Applies to the use of all types of lifting equipment and lifting accessories in accordance with
the definitions laid out in this section.
Establishes the requirements and standards so that the risks associated with the use of lifting
equipment and lifting accessories are assessed, that control measures are implemented in
accordance with the hierarchy of controls and that control measures are taken to prevent injury,
illness and disease to persons who might be exposed to risks arising from those activities.

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2.The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999-
This Regulation comes under the Health and Safety at Work Act-1974 of,
UK and makes responsible, employees and operatives in the following
main duties:
-Employers will have their personnel trained to use equipment which they
use in the normal course of their work.
-Employees will undergo any such training/s or Instruction required by the
employer.
-Operatives should only use equipment for which they are trained and to
use it in a manner in which they have been trained.

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3.Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER).
-Are set of regulations created under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 -
-Aimed to make working life safer for everyone using and coming into contact with lifting
equipment: employers and employees, contractors and others.
-They are issued with Approved Code of Practices ( Acop) for better understanding.
-Almost all lifting equipment are covered under LOLER, including lifting equipment for -
Lifting personnel
-It contains 17 Sections covering essentially, definitions, Responsibilities of employees,
employers, Organization of Lifting Operations, Marking, Thorough Examination,
Reporting & Record keeping of all Lifting equipment.
-...

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4.Provision and use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER)
-Are set of regulations created under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 -
-Aimed to make working life safer for everyone using and coming into contact with
equipment: employers and employees, contractors and others.
-They are issued with Approved Code of Practices ( Acop) for better understanding.
-The Regulations deal with the work equipment and machinery used every day in
workplaces: factories, offices, shops, hospitals, construction sites, farms – wherever
equipment and machinery is used at work. -
-It contains 30 Sections covering essentially , the suitability of equipment, Responsibility

of employers, Maintenance , Inspection, Specific risks, training, control systems and
Marking of equipment.

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-Regarding determination of the ways and means to protect employees against occupational
hazard
-There are several Articles covering various Occupations & Activities
- Article 20 speaks about cranes AND LIFTING EQUIPMENT, as below:-

The following shall be noted regarding lifting and pulling machines and tools: -
A. cranes and lifts for men and materials shall be of sound construction and manufacture,
regularly maintained and checked by a qualified technician at least once every 1 2 months.
B. The areas where lifts are fitted shall be fenced in such a way as to prevent access or egress
whilst moving. Doors should hot be able to be opened whilst in motion.
C. The maximum capacity of machine or lift shall be displayed in a prominent position.
D. An employee may not be asked to carry loads above his capacity, and in any case no load
shall exceed 50kg. per man and 20kg per woman, and where possible mechanical lifting
equipment shall be used.
E. Chains ropes wire ropes and other lifting equipment shall be continuously and completely
maintained and checked by a competent technician at least once every 6 months

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LIMS- ANDNC OFFSHORE STANDARD for Lifting Operations
Ref: AO-IG-L-MS- 001 REV.1 dated March 2021
The objective of the LIMS is to:
a. Assure compliance with the Integrity Management Policy.
b. Define applicability to all ADNOC Offshore Divisions involved in and carrying out
lifting operations.
c. Assure compliance with UAE legislation, shareholder and international
Standards.
d. Define the process (standards, practices and procedures) and records, which
shall
be complied with, to provide lifting operations safety, lifting equipment integrity
management and integrity assurance.
e. Define the lifting operations process to which all lifting operations shall comply.
f. Define PEOPLE and their roles and responsibilities including Contractors.
g. Define the CRITICAL RECORDS which shall be documented as part of the lifting
operations integrity management process.
h. Define the Lifting Equipment systems including Lifting Accessories.
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1.4 RIGGING AND SLINGING
41

CHAPTER 1: Legislations
1. OSAHD - CoP 34.0
2.The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999.
3. Lifting Operations & Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998

(LOLER)
.
4.Provision and use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998
(PUWER).

6. LIMS-ADNOC OFFSHORE
42
CHAPTER 2: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF RIGGER (Cont…)

• The Rigger should inspect all the lifting accessories to be used,
prior to and after, every usage.
•The Rigger is responsible for attaching & detaching the load to &
from the crane.
• The Rigger is also responsible for the selection of the correct lifting
arrangement in accordance with planned Offshore Lifting Operations
and to check them prior to the use.
• Ensure, Initiate and directing the safe movement of the crane and
load.
• Trained to use correct lifting accessories and able to understand
the lifting procedures and check the correct colour code.
• Physically, medically and mentally fit (have a good eye sight, hearing,
knowledge, etc.) and capable of handling lifting gears/equipment.
43

CHAPTER 2: DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF RIGGER (Cont)
• Ensure at all times that the load is under complete control by the
use of tag lines.
• To be able to provide necessary signals for crane operators as per

standard signals.
• To establish weights and centre of gravity.
• Able to balance loads and visualize clearances, distances and

heights.
• Ensure that no personnel beneath the load and escape route is

identified.
• Observe and note other activities within the vicinity of lifting

operation to avoid the occurrence of any unforeseen hazards.
44

CHAPTER 4: GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (Cont…)
* Always wear protective clothing

* Always wear gloves when slinging and
change them when they are damaged or
worn out
* A lot of material you will be handling Will
either be rough or sharp. Always watch
for these hazards
* Never exceed the SWL of Lifting tackle
45

CHAPTER 4.1 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (Cont)
HANDS OFF POLICY...
Do not Touch a load, sling, or wire line whilst it is suspended and there is •
tension in the rigging
Do not Put hands under suspended load or near rotating equipment•
Do not Use hands for guiding loads, near moving parts or moving hoist wires, •
unless it is safe to do so with the load being below chest level and at a safe
distance.
All pinch points should be identified and avoided.•
Always consider mechanical means instead of using your hands. •
If any job requires hand placement it must be supervised and risk assessed. •
“START WITH 10 FINGER AND FINISH WITH 10 FINGERS “

46

CHAPTER 4.2 GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS (Cont)
CRANE OPERATOR / RIGGER should consider the following before lifting:
Crane boom is set at the correct Angle and the Hoist line/s are vertical ✓
over the load to be lifted.
Clear sight of the load (as far as practical). ✓
Tag lines are of adequate length, size and tangle free. ✓
Dedicated “Banks man” ✓
Clear load travel path ✓
Ensure lifting capacities are never exceeded. ✓
Examine all lifting equipment visually before each lift ✓
Approved & understood slinging practices (if in doubt ask) ✓
Third party equipment complete with valid color coded lifting gear (e.g. ✓
slings shackle, etc.) & certificates.
“Responsible person “ for a lift is the person operating the controls

(i.e. Crane Operator for a crane or Winch Operator for a Winch)
47

CHAPTER 5: UNSAFE WORKING AND ACCIDENTS
* Unsafe Working and Accidents Results from:
* Lack of training or Knowledge
* Poor maintenance
* Correct equipment not being available
* Misuse of equipment
* Hurry to get the job done/Shortcut

48

CHAPTER 6: SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
Effectively Communicated:
Planning and suitable offshore cranes •

Maintenance and testing of equipment •
Supervision of work •
Test certificates and documents •
Prevention of unauthorised use •
Safety of all persons •
49

CHAPTER 7: LIFTING OPERATION ACCIDENTS
50

CHAPTER 7. LIFTING OPERATION ACCIDENTS (Cont)
51

52

53

CHAPTER 8. LIFTING EQUIPMENT
Lifting APPLIANCES - Any mechanical device capable of raising
or lowering a load.
Mobile Crane Tower Crane Crawler Crane
54

CHAPTER 9. LIFTING ACCESSORIES
Chain Sling
Wire Rope Sling

55

CHAPTER 9. LIFTING ACCESSORIES (Cont)
Eyebolt Turnbuckle
56

Shackle Webbing Sling

57

Hook Master link

58
Plate Clamp Beam Clamp

59
Lifted Equipment Types
CCU’s:
Container Racks
60
Skid mounted Equipment
61
CCU’s:
Basket Boxes Waste Skip
62

CHAPTER 10: COLOUR CODE
Colour Code - A method of marking lifting gears (i.e
paint, cable ties, etc.) to give a visual indication of its
certification status and validity. This Colour should be
changed once every six months.
Green July 2016, 2018, White 2017, 2019, 2021…..

2020…..
Orange Jan 2016, 2018, Blue July 2017, 2019,

2020 ….. 2021…..
63

CHAPTER 11: WLL AND SWL
WLL (WORKING LOAD LIMIT)
The maximum load which an item of lifting equipment -
is designed to raise, lower or suspend.
The WLL as determined by the manufacturer must -
NEVER be exceeded.
SWL (SAFE WORKING LOAD)
The maximum load (as certified by a competent -
person) which an item of lifting equipment may raise,
lower or suspend under particular service conditions
(e.g. The SWL can be Lower than the WLL).
The SWL as determined by the competent person must -
NEVER be exceeded.
SWL = Mode Factor x WLL

64

CHAPTER 12. THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY (Cont…)
Centre of Gravity
THE CENTRE OF THE LOAD

BY ITS WEIGHT
OR
THE POINT OF BALANCE OF
THE LOAD
NOTE :
If the slinging points of the load are not clearly marked then a
trial lift should be made by slowly lifting the load just clear of
the ground, then check that the load is balanced, secured and
will not tip over. 65

CHAPTER 13: WIRE ROPE SLING (Cont…) Core
Wire
What is a Wire Rope?
King
– Wire rope is made of steel wires laid Wire
together to form a strand. These strands
are laid together to form a rope, usually
around a central core of either fibre or
Strand
wire.
Wire Rope Core:
FC - Fibre Core, is composed of manila, sisal
or jute or synthetic fiber
Steel Core (IWRC – WSC), has several Wire Rope
advantages over the fibre core (i.e it helps
resist rope crushing and in extreme heat
situations).
dia
66
Appendix-12

13.1 WIRE ROPE MARKING (Cont)
Wire Rope Identification: (Hard Stamping,
Engraving, Name Plate/Tag, etc.,)
Identification Mark•
Safe Working Load (SWL) or WLL•
Wire Rope Diameter•
Wire rope type•
Date of Manufacture•
Multi-leg (Rated range of angles)•
1

13.2 WIRE ROPE TERMINATION (Cont) Wire Rope Eye Type:
Thimble Eye Mechanical

Swaged
Soft Eye Mechanical

Swaged
68

13.2 WIRE ROPE TERMINATION (Cont) Wire Rope Eye Type:
Pressed Thimble Eye Flemish Soft Eye
Pressed Soft Eye Hand Spliced Eye
Spelter Socket Wire Rope Clips

Appendix-12
13.3 TYPES OF WIRE ROPE SLING(Cont)
Single leg Two leg Three leg Four leg
Grommet Sling
Soft Eye
Thimble
1

13.4 WIRE ROPE CONSTRUCTION (Cont)
Basic Strand Construction:
1. Ordinary 2. Seale 3. Filler 4. Warrington
71
13.5 HOW TO MEASURE WIRE ROPE DIAMETER (Cont)

Wire rope is measured across its diameter at its widest point.•
Measure across the crowns, not the flats.•
Correct Method Incorrect Method
72
Appendix-12
13.7 CALCULATION OF SAFE WORKING LOAD (Cont)
The Safe Working Load of wire rope sling can be calculated by the following
formula.
SWL = M.B.L.
S.F.
Where :
= Wire Rope Minimum Breaking Load M.B.L.
= Safety Factor S.F.
= Wire rope S.W.L.
The Safety Factor for the wire rope is 5:1. Remarks:
Example:
A sample of 1” dia steel wire rope has a M.B.L. →
of 40Tonnes. Determine the S.W.L.
Answer:
SWL = _40_ = 8Tons
5
SWL = 8Tons 1
Appendix-12
13.8 WIRE ROPE INSPECTION
The person who use the wire rope sling shall inspect it prior any
usage for any of the unacceptable conditions listed below:
SWL & ID No. shall be marked clearly as per manufacturer’s •

specification and check if the wire rope with third party inspection
certificate. Do not use the wire rope if SWL is not visible or if the
wire without third party inspection certificate.
Check if the wire rope has one or more of these defects: •
Broken wires.•
Wear : 10% of wire rope diameter•
Corrosion: •
- check for loss flexibility which indicates internal corrosion
- reject if surface pitting occurs.
kinking crushing, Abrasion, core collapse, Bird caging or •
knotting.
Heat damage: reject when electric arcing or weld splatter •
damage found. 1
Appendix-12
13.8 WIRE ROPE INSPECTION (Cont)
of Wire Rope:
Broken wires on the crowns Abrasion
Metal Fatigue Birdcaging

1
Appendix-12
Defects of Wire Rope:
Abrasion
Broken Wires
Flattened portion Broken wires on the valleys

1
Appendix-12
External wear Enlargement
Waviness Strand protrusion 1

Appendix-12
Basket Deformation Kink
Heat Damage External Corrosion
1
Appendix-12
Damaged slings shall be destroyed if one of the following cases:
1. 6 randomly distributed broken outer wires in a length of 6 x dia meter,

2. 14 randomly distributed broken wires in a length of 30 x dia meter.
3. 3 adjacent broken outer wires in one strand
4. Wear : the nominal diameter is reduced by 10 %
5. Sever localized abrasion or scraping;
6. Kinking, crushing, bird-caging or any other damage causing distortion;
7. Evidence of heat damage
8. End attachments are cracked, deformed or excessively worn;
9. Bent or opened hooks;

10. Sever corrosion
1
Appendix-12
13.9 WIRE ROPE CARE AND PROPER USAGE (Cont)
Wire Rope Care:

Protected from sharp •
Bends
Protected from Cutting •

edges (i.e. burlap padding,
wood blocking)
Overloading shall be •
avoided
Sudden dynamic loading •

(create momentary overload
1
sufficient to break the sling)
Appendix-12
SOFTENERS
Using slings across sharp •
edges of a load is a major
reason for their failure. To avoid
cutting or deforming the sling,
always use softeners or
padding to round out the edge.
Steel pipe and wood blocks of
sufficient strength make
excellent softeners.
When using softeners with •

wire rope slings in a choker
hitch, the contact surface
should be at least six rope
diameters. 1
Appendix-12
HANDLING THE LOAD
All Load should be placed on •
blocks, and slings must never be
pulled under a load while the load
is resting on the slings.
This can cause severe damage to •

the sling, and there is a risk of the
load toppling.
Note:
- When possible, slings should be
pulled from under the load by
hand.
- When they are pulled out by
crane, personnel should stand
clear 1
Appendix-12
13.10 WIRE ROPE STORAGE (Cont)
Wire Rope Storage:
Slings should be stored in •

racks (preferably vertical)
Clean and remove as much •

dirt and abrasive grit as
possible and re-lubricate
wire rope
Never leave on the ground•
Never expose to water, •

welding sparks, chemicals,
etc. 1
Appendix-12
13.11 WIRE ROPE SLING CAPACITY CHART (Cont)
SIZE
DIA 0-90° 90° - 120° 0-90° 0-90° 90° - 120°
10mm ( 3/8”) 1.0 T 1.4 T 1.0 T 2.1 T 2.1 T 1.5 T
13mm (1/2”) 2.2 T 3.0 T 2.2 T 4.6 T 4.6 T 3.3 T
16mm ( 5/8”) 3.3 T 4.6 T 3.3 T 6.9 T 6.9 T 4.6 T
19mm ( ¾”) 4.7 T 6.5 T 4.7 T 9.8 T 9.8 T 7.0 T
22mm (7/8”) 6.3 T 8.8 T 6.3 T 13.2 T 13.2 T 9.4 T
25mm (1”) 8.8 T 12.3 T 8.8 T 18.4 T 18.4 T 13.2 T
28mm (1.1/8”) 10.5 T 14.7 T 10.5 T 22.0 T 22.0 T 15.7 T
32mm (1.1/4”) 13.1 T 18.3 T 13.1 T 27.5 T 27.5 T 19.3 T
35mm (1.3/8”) 15.0 T 21.0 T 15.0 T 31.5 T 31.5 T 22.5 T
38mm (1.1/2”) 18.5 T 25.9 T 18.5 T 38.8 T 38.8 T 27.7 T
44mm (1.3/4”) 25.0 T 35.0 T 25.0 T 52.5 T 52.5 T 37.5 T
52mm (2”) 35.0 T 49.0 T 35.0 T 73.5 T 73.5 T 52.5 T 1

Appendix-12
13.12 STRESSES PER SLING LEG (Cont)
500 lbs.
500 lbs.
Sling Angle Stresses per
With Vertical Sling Leg
Per 1000
lbs.
1000 lbs.
Total Load 1000 lbs.
0 500
5 502
10 508
15 518
20 532
25 552
30 577
35 610
40 653
45 707
1000 lbs. 50 778 1000 lbs.
30° 55 872
60 1000
80 2880
1
Appendix-12
13.13 SLING BASIC HITCHES (Cont)
1
Appendix-12
13.13 SLING BASIC HITCHES (Cont)
Wire rope sling basic hitches:
Straight pull (1) (2) Choke hitch (3) Basket hitch (4) Basket hitch
M=1.0 M=0.8 Max. 90° M=1.4 parallel M=2.0
1
Appendix-12
13.13 SLING BASIC HITCHES(Cont)
Figure 1. BASKET HITCH Pipe length 1 mtr max
NOTE 1: The total load that may be

lifted when the included angle does Figure 2. SIMPLE CHOKE
not exceed 90° is 1.4 x that marked on HITCHOTE: The total load that may
the sling. be lifted doesn’t exceed
NOTE 2: A basket hitch should be 0.8 x that marked on the sling.
used when the sling is passed through
part of the load is balanced on the 1
sling.
Appendix-12
Figure 5. TWO SINGLE LEG SLING USED IN

BASKET HITCH
NOTE: The total that may be lifted provided that
no included angle exceeds 90° is marked on the
single sling.
Total SWL = SWL of single leg x 1.4 x 1.4 1
Appendix-12
-Two wraps each side-
-Each sling capacity equal to -
the full load to be lifted
-Odd number of pipes to be
lifted ,to reduce the contact
angle Tag line
-location of the hitch, to be 25%
of total length from each end
(X)
-Length of the sling to be equal
to the length of pipe in between
the two hitches and twice the
circumference of the hitch
-Tag line length to be calculated
as per the height requirement
(L = 1.5 X H) X Y X
-Avoid excess tag lines falling
behind the rigger
.-Attach tag line to sling, not
load Tag line
1
Appendix-12
1.4 RIGGING AND SLINGING Because of their flexibility, they tend to mold ➢
CHAPTER 14: SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS (Cont…) themselves to the shape of the load.
Synthetic Webbing Sling .
Often good protection for machine •

parts
Non-Sparking & can be used safely •
in explosive atmosphere
Light Weight & Very Elastic (reduce •
shock loading)
Ability to hug the load closer and •
this prevent for material from
slippage
Synthetic Web Slings do not •
damage or crush loads
They are not minimize twisting and •
spinning during lifting
They do not rust and thus will not •
stain
Synthetic web slings are not •
affected by moisture and certain
1
chemicals
Appendix-12
14.1 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING COLOUR LABEL (Cont)
themselves to the shape of the load.
Synthetic Webbing Sling Colour Label: .
Textile slings are manufactured Polyamide (nylon) •

from three man-made fibres;
- Green
Polyamide (nylon) - immune to the
effects of alkalis, but is attacked by
acids Polyester •
Polyester - resistant to acids but - Blue

damaged by alkalis
Polypropylene - affected by acids or Polypropylene •

alkalis but is damaged by solvents,
tars, paints etc. - Brown
1
Appendix-12
14.1 A. SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING RESISTANCE (Cont)
- .
Webbing Resistance Resistance to Effect of Resistance Storage under

Material to Acids Alkali Water to solvents/ open sun
Paint
Tar
Poly x √ 10% √ x
Amide reduction
(Nylon) in WLL
Poly ester √ x None √ x
Poly √ √ None x x
Propylene
1
Appendix-12
14.2 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING MARKING (Cont)
Webbing Sling Marking: (Colour label)
Working Load Limit •
(WLL) or SWL
Length•
Sling Material•
Grade of Any fittings•
Manufacture Name•
CE Mark•
1
Appendix-12
14.3 TYPE OF SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS (Cont)
Flat Polyester Webbing Sling .
STANDARD EYE-AND-EYE SLINGS
TAPERED EYES
1
Appendix-12
14.3 TYPE OF SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLINGS (Cont)
Roundsling/ (Endless Sling) .
1
Appendix-12
14.4 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING CHART CAPACITY (Cont)
Webbing Sling Chart Capacity, Etc.,
1
Appendix-12
14.5 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING EXAMINATION (Cont)
Synthetic webbing slings must be removed from service if any of the

following defects exist:
Cuts, gouges, badly abraded spots. •

Seriously worn surface fibers or yarns. •
Considerable, filament or fiber breakage along the line where •
adjacent strands meet.
Particles of broken filament or fibers inside the rope between the •
strands.
Discoloration or harshness that may mean chemical damage or •
excessive exposure to sunlight.
Knots in any part of the sling. •
Melting or charring on any part of the sling. •
Excessive pitting or corrosion, or cracked, distorted or broken fittings. •
Any other visible damage that causes doubt as to the strength of the •
sling.
1
Appendix-12
Defects of Webbing Sling
Acid or Caustic Burn
Cut
Edge Cut
1
Appendix-12
Melting or Charring
Abrasions
Puncture
1
Appendix-12
Weld Splatter
Broken or Worn
Stitches
Damaged Eye
1
Appendix-12

Embedded Material
Tensile Break
Missing or
Eligible Tag
1
Appendix-12

UV Degradation
Red Core Yarn
Knot
1
Appendix-12
Crushed Webbing
Snag
Damage
Hardware
1
Appendix-12
14.6 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WEBBING SLINGS
1)Only use slings which are clearly coded as to the safe working
load, and make sure the load to be moved is within the limits of
the sling.
2)Inspect each sling before use. Do not use a sling which is

frayed, chafed, cut, torn or otherwise has signs of abrasion or
damage. Do not use a sling which has been weakened or
softened by chemical contact.
3)Never repair a flat webbing sling. Never repair a round sling

with a damaged outer cover.
4)Do not allow the sling to twist during lift.
1
Appendix-12
14.6 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WEBBING SLINGS
5)Never overload the equipment.
6)Position the sling correctly. The sling must not be placed round
sharp edges. Do not let it slide over corners or along edges.
7)Use protective edge covers on any sharp or abrasive
surfaces. Position the sling correctly to ensure easy removal
after use.
8)Do not drag the goods in a sling.
9) Keep slings away from alkalis and acids.
10) When lifting heavy cargo with more than one sling, remember
to distribute the total weight evenly where possible.
1
Appendix-12
14.7 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING CARE
Webbing Sling Care:
Protected from sharp •

Edges
Protected from Cutting •

edges (i.e. burlap padding,
wood blocking)
1
Appendix-12
14.8 SYNTHETIC WEBBING SLING STORAGE
Webbing Sling
Storage:
Slings should be properly •

stored in hanging position or
rolled and placed in a rack
Clean and remove dirt•
1
Appendix-12
CHAPTER 15: CHAIN SLINGS
.
Chain Sling
* Chainslings are the

heaviest type of slings
* More rugged and

flexible
*Less shock resistant
than wire rope or
braided slings
*Less liable to damage
than slings or other
materials 1
Appendix-12
15.1 MARKING
Chain Sling Identification: (Name Plate/Tag, etc.,)

Safe Working Load (SWL) •
or WLL
Length•
Chain Diameter•
Length•
Material Grade•
Multi-leg •
(Rated range of angles)
1
Appendix-12
15.1 MARKING (Cont)
Safe Working Load (Name Plate/Tag, etc.,)
1
Appendix-12
15.2 CHAIN SLING ASSEMBLY/COMPONENTS (Cont)
.
1
Appendix-12
15.3 TYPES OF CHAIN SLINGS(Cont)
.
1
Appendix-12
15.4 CHAIN SLING EXAMINATION (Cont)
The chain should articulate freely•
No signs of Bending and twisting •
No signs Distortion to the chain, master link •
or any other fittings
No signs of nicks, cracks, corrosion or •
chemical attack
Hooks should no signs of opening or •
distortion
Safety latches/catches should be •
undamaged and operate freely
Marking should be clear and legible•
1
Appendix-12
15.4 CHAIN SLING EXAMINATION (Cont)
1
Appendix-12
15.5 SAFE USE OF CHAIN SLING(Cont)
Impact loading: do not jerk the load when lifting or lowering ➢

the sling. This increases the actual stress on the sling.
Do not drag chains.➢
Do not splice a chain by inserting a bolt between two links. ➢
Do not shorten a chain with knots or by twisting. ➢
Do not force a hook over a link. ➢
Do not use homemade connections. Use only attachments ➢
designed for the chain.
Do not heat treat or weld chain links: the lifting capacity wilL ➢
be reduced drastically.
1
Appendix-12
15.5 SAFE USE OF CHAIN SLING(Cont)
The hook must
not be inserted
into one of the
chain links, and
like other type
slings, sharp
corners of the
load must be
padded.
Do not shorten a chain

with knots or by twisting
ALWAYS
Ensure the chain is free from twists before loading. .1
Use within the rated loads. .2
Secure redundant legs back in the master link to avoid .3
snagging when travelling the load.
1
Appendix-12
CHAPTER 16: SHACKLE (Cont…)
SHACKLE INFORMATION/MARKING
Manufacturers logo
Vertical Hitch only
With 1 No Single sling.
Diameter of
SWL Stamp WLL Shackle
Normally marked
as WLL (Working
Load Limit)
When pin screwed

In without no gap
Screw threads must be
good fit without any defects 118
1
Appendix-12
16.1 TYPE OF SHACKLE (Cont)
Bow Shackle Dee Shackle .
Screw Screw
Pin type Pin type
Bow Dee
Shackle Shackle
Nut and Nut and

Bolt type Bolt type
Bow Dee
Shackle Shackle
1
Appendix-12
Because of their flexibility, they tend to mold ➢
.
16.2 SAFE USE OF SHACKLE (Cont)
1
Appendix-12
16.2 SAFE USE OF SHACKLE(Cont)
.
1
Appendix-12
.
1
Appendix-12
Wrong .
Wrong
1
Correct
Appendix-12
Shackles should not be used in a 16.2 SAFE USE OF SHACKLE(Cont)
manner that imposes a side loading .
unless specifically permitted by the
manufacturer. In general this means
that the shackle body should take the
load along the axis of its centreline.
Side loading reduces shackle capacity,
(05-45º) 30%
(46-90º) 50%
Do not go over 90º
Never replace a
shackle pin with
a bolt.
1
Appendix-12
16.3 PROPER USAGE OF SHACKLE (Cont) themselves to the shape of the load.
.
Proper Set up of Shackle in the Hook
1
Appendix-12
16.4 SHACKLE EXAMINATION (Cont) themselves to the shape of the load.
Before use, shackles must be inspected visually by a competent person. .

If any of the following conditions exist, the shackle must be removed from
service.
Absence of capacity or identifying marks. ➢

Bent or distorted pin and/or body. ➢
Nicks, gouges or cracks. ➢
Heat or chemical damage. ➢
Body spread. ➢
Shoulder of pin is not flush with shackle body. ➢
Reduction in diameter of pin and/or body by ➢
more than 8%.
For original dimensions, tolerances, and procedures
for making alterations and repairs, consult the shackle
manufacturer. Any shackle that has been altered or
repaired must be removed from service if manufacturer
procedures have not been followed.
1
Appendix-12
16.4 SHACKLE EXAMINATION (Cont) themselves to the shape of the load.
Examples of Damages that can occur in Shackles .
1
Appendix-12
16.5 SHACKLE STORAGE (Cont)
.
1
Appendix-12
CHAPTER 17: EYEBOLTS (Cont…)
Eyebolt Marking
Working Load Limit (WLL) or SWL•
Quality Marking symbol ‘M’ enclosed •

in a circle
Thread Identification •
M denotes ISO metric threads, coarse series. (i.e M20) NOTE:
BSW denotes BS Whitworth threads. (i.e. ½ BSW)
UNC to denote unified coarse threads. (i.e ¾ UNC)
1
Appendix-12
17.1 EYEBOLTS TYPE (Cont)
Type of Eyebolts:
Dynamo Eyebolt •
Suitable for axial lifting only-
The most basic in design and the -
most limited in use
A ring sitting on top of the shank -
and has only a small collar
Eye will bend if side loaded -
occurred
The eye is large enough to accept -
a hook of the same capacity 130
1
Appendix-12
Type of Eyebolts:
Collar Eyebolt•
The general purpose eyebolt -
Many thread diameters -
The eye is larger than the -
Dynamo pattern and is blended to
the collar in one plane
-Not large enough for direct
connection to a hook (i.e shackle
might be used to other
components) 131
1
Appendix-12
Type of Eyebolts:
Eyebolt with link•
Can be applied at an angle to the -
axis and/or the plane of the eyes
The link is designed to accept a -
hook of the same capacity
They have a small, squat, eye -
which is blended into the collar in
all directions
A link is fitted to allow articulation -
and connection with other lifting
components 132
1
Appendix-12
CHAPTER 18: TURNBUCKLE (Cont…)
Turnbuckles
Should be of alloy steel and • Various turnbuckle
should not be welded.
attachments are indicated
The safe working load • in illustration:
depends on the diameter of the
threaded portion.
If vibration is present, it is •
important to lock the frame of
the end fitting.
Do not use jam nuts on •
turnbuckles which do not
come equipped with them.
They add to the load on the
thread. 133
1
Appendix-12
18.1 TURNBUCKLE SWL, CHART (Cont)
Turnbuckles Safe Working Load

Stock Jaw, Eye, Stub, Hook End
Diameter End Fittings Fitting
(Inches) (Pounds) (Pounds)
¼ 500 400
5/16 800 700
3/8 1,200 1,000
½ 2,200 1,500
5/8 3,500 2,250,
¾ 5,200 3,000
7/8 7,20 4,000
1 10,000 5,000
1¼ 15,200 5,000
1½ 21,400 7,500
1¼ 28,000
Note: The safe working load depends on the diameter of the 134
1
threaded portion.
Appendix-12
CHAPTER 19: HOOKS, LINKS AND FITTINGS (Cont…)
1
Appendix-12
19.1 SAFE USE OF HOOK (Cont)
Correct
Incorrect
1
Appendix-12
Correct
Incorrect
1
Appendix-12
Incorrect
Correct
Incorrect
Incorrect 1
Appendix-12
19.2 EXAMINING HOOK (Cont)
Examining Hook
Check excessive
wear & deformation
on hook eye
Check for cracks

Check operation
or twisting (10°)
of safety latch
Check for distortion and

Sign of throat opening up
Check for wear & (5% not to exceed 1\4 in)
WLL is clearly marked
1

CHAPTER 21: HAND SIGNALS FOR CONTROLLING CRANE OPERATIONS
140
SLINGING PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 20: SLINGING PROCEDURES
1. Assessing the weight of the load
2. Checking the route or path
3. Select your lifting material
4. Inspection of lifting materia
5. Centre of Gravity
6. Controlling the Load

141

CHAPTER 21: REVIEW - PRIMARY BASICS OF RIGGING
Determine the weight of the load. •

Determine the centre of gravity of the load •
Determine the type of slings and rigging equipment best suited •
for the type load.
Properly inspect all rigging equipment prior to application. •
Apply a hitch that will hold and control the load. •
Protect the rigging equipment from sharp, unyielding surface. •
Protect the load, if necessary, from being damaged by the •
rigging equipment.
Check out the hoisting devices to assure its limitations will not •
be exceeded.
Know load movements and location prior to lifting the load. •
Maintain load control from start of the lift to completion. •
Keep all personnel clear of suspended loads. •
Use proper hand signals during load movements. •
142

CHAPTER 22: REVIEW - ACTIONS THAT LEAD TO AN ACCIDENTS
Operating equipment without proper training and authorization. •

No securing equipment or work space against unexpected •
movement, as in shoring up a trench.
Operating equipment at any speed, without regard •
recommendations.
Not signaling or warning your co-workers of heavy equipment •
movement or other potentially dangerous situations.
Disconnecting hazard lights and audible warning devices. •
Using tools and equipment even if you know they’ re not working •
properly.
Ignoring safety assessment procedures, especially checklist. •
Avoiding or delaying calibration, repair, adjustment, or any •
scheduled services on your tools and equipment.
Hitching a ride on heavy moving equipment. •
Ignoring body position recommendations appropriate for the task. •
Initiating horseplay on the job site. •
Not wearing PPE •
143
1.5 Dos AND Don’t’s
Assume all power sources are electrically energized (“hot” or “live”) until
you have absolutely reliable information to the contrary.
When operating in the vicinity of power lines, have the power company cut
off the power and ground lines. Obey the following rules, at all times,
whether the power is cut off or not.

144
1.5 Dos AND Don’t’s (contd..)
Be sure everyone is clear of the crane

and work area before making any lifts.

145
Use only slings or other

rigging devices rated for
the job and use them
properly. Never wrap
the hoist cable around
load.
Check all tackle,

hardware, slings before
use. Refuse to use
faulty equipment

146
Don’t smoke while performing battery maintenance.
Disconnect the grounded battery clamp first when removing a

battery and connect it last when installing battery.
Before charging a battery, consult the battery manufacturer’s instruction.
Avoid battery acid contact with the skin and eyes. If accidentally contacted,
flush area with water and consult a doctor immediately.
147
1.5 Dos AND Don’t’s Be

(contd..)
careful when checking the
coolantlevelhutdBown
Be careful when checking the coolant level. Shut down
the
engine and allow the radiator time to cool before
removing the radiator cap.
Unless authorized and approved by Grove Manufacturing

Company, do not may any modifications, alterations,
or changes to a crane, which could in any way effect its
original design. Such action invalidates all warranties and
capacity charts, and makes the owner/user liable to any
resultant accidents.
Keep the crane properly maintained and adjusted at all

times. Shut down the crane while making repairs or
adjustments.
Keep your fingers away from potentially hazardous

areas. Keep brakes properly adjusted. Keep brake
linings free of oil and grease. Do not over lubricate the
bearings or brake anchor pins. Refer to the Safety
Manual 148
The only protection afforded by a link that which obtained below the link
electrically downstream, provided the link has kept clean and free of
contamination and is periodically (right before use) tested for its dielectric
integrity.

149
Never handle wire rope with bare

hand/s hands.

150
Misuse •
Abuse •
Neglect •
151
1.6 VIDEO ILLUSTRATION

152
PART 2- Offshore cranes

153
PART 2- Mobile cranes

COURSE CONTENTS:
1.Types of Mobile cranes
2. Inspection of Mobile cranes
3.Operation manual & Log Book
4.Proximity Hazards
5.Working with Offshore cranes
6.CRANE Set up ( Around 50% of world wide hazards)
7.Poor Rigging Practices
8. Load Rating chart
9.Lifting Areas diagram
10.The Range Diagram
11.Rated Capacity Indicator
12.Tandem lifting
13. Video Illustration
14.Case Study

154
Types of Mobile Cranes
o All
o Rough
Terrain
Crawler
Truck Terrain
Crane
Mounted
Mounted Crane
Crane
Crane
155
Mobile Cranes Components
156
Mobile Cranes Components
Boom Pendant Cables
A- Frame Hoist Wire
Main Hook Block

Counterweights
Lattice boom
Aux. Hook
Crawler Plates
Operator Cabin
Turntable , Slewing circle 157

Engine Compartment
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL INSPECTION OF offshore cranes:

Walk Around Inspection:
A. Inspection of Crawler tracks 1.Look for Slack in tracks.
Manufacturer’s manual provides
allowable limits
2. Look for broken pads, links, etc
Needs replacement.
B. Fasteners/Pins at critical
locations

158
2. PRE-OPERATIONAL INSPECTION OF offshore cranes:(contd..)
c. Visual inspection of Boom sections
Lower the boom to inspect for bent lattices.

See that chords are straight from foot to
point. Ensure that members are not
insecure, broken, or bent

159
D. Hoist unit
-Check boom and drum hoists for spooling

on drums. The wire rope should lay neatly
on all drums.
-Look for broken wires, wire rope

termination, mounting, leakages, rope
guide, waiviness of rope etc

160
E. AUTOMATIC RATED CAPACITYINDICATOR(RCI)
1.Check if Indicator is operational.

2.Check for external damage to Indicator
Components.
3.Check to see if all Digit’s are legible.
4. Check Calibration of unit with known
weights & by measuring the Radius.
5. Check all Sirens Warning Lights & Alarms
are functioning
correctly.
6. Check all Limit Switches & cutout’s are
function correctly.
7. Check Radius/Angle Indicator (where fitted)
8. Variation of +/- 2.5% for all Offshore cranes
except +/- 5.0% for floating cranes.

161
F. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:
1.Check Battery condition, Electrolyte level etc.
2. Check that there are no broken or loose Wires.
3. Ensure all lights operate correctly.
4. Ensure all Audible alarms operate normally.
5. Ensure all limits operate correctly.

162
G. LOAD HOOK
1.Visually inspect the load hook for
signs of wear or cracking.
2.Make sure there is no twist OR
stretch more than permitted by
the manufacturer
3.Inspect the safety latch to ensure
it is in good working
condition
4.Hooks with threads and nuts need
to have threads inspected
periodically

163
H. HOIST ROPES/DRUMS AND WINCHES

1. Check hoist ropes for excessive wear and damage e.g. Broken wires, kinks
or corrosion beyond permissible limits
2. Check all hoist ropes for proper lubrication.
3. Check that all rope guide rollers turn freely and are free from wear or
defects.
4. Check if the hoist rope “spools” onto the drum correctly.
5. Check all hoist rope terminations and anchor points for wear, cracks, bends
and broken wires.
6. Check the Hoist Drum for wear, distortion and fracture.
7. Check he Hoist Drum drive unit for oil leaks, backlash and general wear.
8. Check the Hoist brake for correct adjustment.
9. Check the Hoist Drum Rope anchor points for loose bolts and pins.
10. Check that there is no slack rope or buried turns on the Hoist Drum.
11. Minimum wraps of wire is available on full out reach.
( 7 nos min - LIMS requirement)

164
J. SHEAVES AND HOOK-BLOCK

1.Check that all sheaves are free to turn on their
shafts.
2. Check that all sheaves are free from excessive
wear and defects.
3. Check that the load hook is free from wear and
that all securing bolts and pins are fitted.
4. Check that the Load Hook is free from
fractures.
5. Check that the hook block cheek plates are
secured correctly & free from
Damage
6. Measure the wear in sheaves using sheave
gauge & check against manufacturer’s
tolerance.

165
K. SLEW TABLE :
1. Excessive wear of pinions, gear wheels and
bearings.
2. Cracks at welded joints.
3. Distortion of the main slew table.
4. Jib or Boom is free of defects and is straight.
5. Excessive wear in the boom foot pivot pin.
6. Cracked or damaged boom rest support
brackets.
7. Worn or missing wear pads.
8. Undue effort, noise or vibration during normal
operations.
9.Malfunctioning of limits e.g. Slew, Over hoist and
Luffing.
10.Correct operation of audible warning device
during swing.
11. Wear in slew bearing to measured periodically
and verified against manufacturer’s tolerance
levels.

166
L. TELESCOPIC BOOM
1. Check boom box section for wear
dents, damage etc.
2. Check wear pads for missing
pads or excessive/wear
3. Check rope guide rollers & sheaves
for signs of wear or damage
4. Check boom foot pin for signs of
wear.
5. Check telescoping cylinder for
smooth operation & signs of oil
leaks.
6. Check for signs of any
unauthorised repairs by welding
or
otherwise.
Manufacturer’s tolerance to be
referred for acceptance.
167
M. Wire Rope Inspection:

-Look for broken wire ropes. Wear,
bends, kinks, waviness, bird cages,
terminations, corrosion, increase or
decrease in diameter, etc
-Signs of fatigue
-Internal corrosion
-Refer to the relevant Standards for
Rejection criteria
-It is important to REMOVE the wire -

rope from service after certain period
of time, as stipulated in the
Manufacturer’s manual.
How ever ADNOC OFFSHORE requires -
the wire rope to be changed every 5
years from the Date of Installation,
depending on the age of crane

168

Anti-2 Block system
N. Limit Switches
-Ensure that all limits switches, i.e.
- Over load cut off,

- Boom up and Boom down extremes,
- Anti -2 block, etc
-Are all functioning properly
Verified by Operator prior to EVERY SHIFT By:

a) Moving Boom IN/OUT (telescopic Boom)
b) Moving Boom UP/DOWN &
c) Moving Hook UP/DOWN
Collision of blocks without Anti-2 blocks

169
O. Limit Switches Inspect the following for their effective functionality

-Motion limiter
Upper limiter that automatically stops the motion to prevent the hook and anything
attached to it from coming into contact with the boom head/ A Frame
Lower limiter that automatically stops the lowering motion to ensure that the minimum
turns of rope on the drums (7 nos)
-Slack rope preventer

offshore cranes, which have a slewing limitation due to the crane layout and/or
crane position on the vessel, shall be equipped with a slewing preventer stopping
the
motion before the slewing limitation is reached.
-Slewing limiter
offshore cranes, which have a restricted slewing range, due to the vessel or the
platform layout, shall be equipped with a slewing limiter, which automatically
stops the slewing motion when the limit is reached
170
P. Protection Systems Inspect the following for their effective functionality

1.Emergency Load Release System (ELRS)
-activation by the crane operator, only.

-when activated, will allow the hoist wire rope(s) to be pulled away from the drums
by releasing the hoist brakes and reducing the winch tension.
2. Emergency operation
In case of power failure, means shall be provided for a controlled slew, luff down
and load lowering operation.
3.Emergency stop
Shall be equipped with an emergency stop system

171
Q. Lifting personnel: Inspect the following for their effective functionality
-The rated capacity shall not exceed 50 % of the rated capacity for lifting of loads
- mechanically and operationally independent secondary brake, with separate

control circuits.
- mechanical “brake” , Where cylinders are used for luffing, folding or telescoping,
-shall be equipped with a manual key selection switch for the purpose of lifting
personnel with a warning light “ON” while Lifting personnel
-the ELRS shall be overridden i.e. it shall be impossible that the ELRS is activated
- secondary power supply system and independent control system for all main
functions (i.e. hoist, luff and slew) to be operated in the event of failure of the
primary system
172
R. Indicators: Inspect the following for their effective functionality
Rated Capacity Indicators:

for all load hoists giving continuous display to the crane operator of the actual hook load and
the radius/outreach with an accuracy of ± 2.5 % full scale reading.
Slack rope indicator

detects slack wire rope at the hoisting and luffing winches and gives a visual and/or an
acoustic signal to the crane operator.
Indicator for drum motion

In case drum NOT visible to Operator, crane shall be equipped with an indicator, such that
the crane operator is continuously informed of direction and speed of the
hoist drum rotation.
Indicator for failures in the power system

automatically monitor the power system and indicate at the control station any detectable
failures affecting the operation of the crane

173
S. Indicators (contd..) : Inspect the following for their effective functionality
Indicator for failures in the control system

automatically monitor the control system and indicate at the control station any detectable
failures affecting the operation of the crane
Wind speed indicator

wind speed indicator that provides a continuous visual readout at the control station.
Crane inclinometer
A read-out of the vessel's inclination to display the inclination to the crane operator,
Slewing torque indicator

a slew torque indicating device giving continuous information of the actual slew moment to
the crane operator( on moving vessels)

174
T. Controls : Inspect the following for their effective functionality
-Inspect all the control functions of the crane to be satisfactory and always
double check, if in dought.
Any abnormal sound is an indication of some defect that needs attention.

175
3. Operation Manual & Log Book

A copy of Operational Manual should be
placed in the crane cabinet for reference
purposes always.
It provides basic information related to
parameters, precautions, guidance,
assembly/disassembly, etc that are vital for
Safe Offshore Offshore Lifting Operations.
Crane Log Book is Updated by the
Operator OR maintenance and be reviewed
and endorsed by the Supervisor.
It should cover:
-Daily Pre-Shift Inspection
-Periodic Maintenance Records and
-Walk Around Inspection
This document will always remain with the

unit.
176
4. Proximity Hazards
Offshore cranes frequently operate in high risk environments in close proximity to
people OR other equipment.
It is essential that such factors are to be taken into account by the Lifting
Supervisor, while preparing a Lift plan for any lifting Operation OR thorough
Examination to eliminate or control these hazards within acceptable limits
specified in their HSE requirements.
Examples of PROXIMITIES
-nearby structures,
- other offshore cranes, other equipment, Stacked goods etc -
- Helicopter Operations-
- danger to and from underwater piping-
- danger to or from underwater work activities such as Divers & people on deck
-Lifting/Dropping of load from/ to off Deck surface
- Areas close to Airport

177
4. Proximity Hazards(contd..)
Nearby structures/Other offshore
cranes/Goods/Barge Leg
(A)Where practicable, the crane path/Swing Area should
be clearly defined by marking to ensure that it is kept
free from obstruction, and a clearance of not less than
600 mm should be arranged between any part of the
crane and any obstacle.
Where it is not reasonably practicable to
achieve this clearance, effective precautions should be
taken to prevent access to any trapping hazards.
(B) Where goods are regularly stacked near a crane,

boundary lines for the stacking of goods should be
permanently marked on the ground
(c) Secure by barricade and post signage

178
Helicopter Operations:
Ensure that the crane function does NOT
interfere with the safety of Helicopter
landing/take off.
There should be an announcement to ALERT the
Operator in case of landing and take off.
During helicopter operations, crane activities that

may affect such operations shall cease. The Crane
Driver / Operator shall secure the boom in the boom
rest and vacate the cab for the duration of the
operation.
Underwater Services:
The danger to or from underwater services, such as
gas mains or electric cables, piping etc should not be
overlooked.
Precautions should be taken to ensure crane
Operations are clear of these.
179
Personnel working around /Divers:
Ensure sufficient clearance is ensured by Identifying
the area of work OR barricading them to ensure the
safety of personnel around Offshore Lifting
Operations, on Deck and under water

180
Stacked goods and Rigging team around load
-A very limited space available for moving

the load over the deck with a minimal .
clearance between the stacked loads.
- Rigging personnel, who are working very

close to the load movement of crane for
engaging/ disengaging lifting gears are
additional proximity.
A proper Training, a TBT should be done to

plan these activities safely.

181
Plant area with a hazardous area classification (Zone 0, 1 or 2) where ignition
sources are subject to close control:
Areas that are hazardous, so far as flammable gases and vapours are concerned,
are classified according to the probability of occurrence of explosive
concentrations of gas or vapour.
These classifications, called zones, are as follows:
Zone 0 -- a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is continuously present or for

long periods;
Zone 1 -- a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is likely to occur in normal

working;
Zone 2 -- a zone in which a flammable atmosphere is unlikely to occur except

under abnormal conditions and then only for a short time.

182
5. WORKING WITH offshore cranes
offshore cranes have a potential of HIGH RISK of

injury to personnel, damage to the property
involved, hence it is important to follow a
systematic approach in safely dealing with these
equipment / operations.
It:
-is important to properly resource, plan and
organize Offshore Lifting Operations
-requires a person or people with sufficient
competence to be involved at each step
-requires people should have sufficient theoretical
and practical knowledge of the work and Boom
equipment in question, collapse
-requires knowledge and commitment to the
requirements of the law, standards and COP.
- Is essential that , for complex and high-risk
operations, the planning and organization should
be extensive and meticulous
183
5. WORKING WITH offshore cranes(contd..)

184
FIVE BASIC ASPECTS THAT SHOULD BE ENSURED FOR SAFE

OPERATIONS OF CRANE:
1. Lifting Appliance capacity should be sufficiently higher than the Gross Load.
Ensured by following Load chart & Lifting Area Diagram
2. Lifting Appliance is SAFE for lifting

Ensured by a Pre-shift examination by the Operator
3. Lifting Accessories capacity should be sufficienty higher than the Gross load.
Ensured by the Rigging team
4. Lifting Accessories are SAFE to be use for lifting

Ensured by the Rigging team
5. CG is located and crane hook is alligned above CG ; the crane is SET on a firm
Deck / ground.
Ensured by both Operator and Rigging team

185
The following few actions necessary for successfully managing crane/

Offshore Lifting Operations
1. Selection of appropriate Lifting Appliances and Lifting Accessories

2.Planning a Lift ( Preparation of a Lift Plan)
3. Qualified Personnel involved in Offshore Lifting Operations
4. Safe System of WORK (SSOW)
5. Preventive Maintenance of all lifting equipment
6. Inspection by Operator during each shift
7. Periodic Examination of lifting equipment
8. Addition Safety Requirements in Offshore lifting.
9. Following the vessel, swing control & catching the wave.

186
5. WORKING WITH offshore cranes(cond..)

1.Selection of appropriate Lifting Appliances and Lifting Accessories:
offshore cranes are available in a number of forms and the characteristics of the various
machines should be considered in relation to the job requirements.
Having decided upon the type of crane and knowing the overall requirements involved, a
crane that will safely meet all the requirements of the planned lift should be selected.
Points to be considered in making the selection include the following:

(a) weights, dimensions and characteristics of loads;
(b) operational speeds, radii, heights of lifts and areas of movement;
(c) number, frequency and types of Offshore Lifting Operations;
(d) length of time for which the crane will be required or anticipated life expectancy for a
permanently installed crane;
(e) site; ground and environmental conditions, or restrictions arising from the use of existing
buildings;
(f) space available for crane access, erection, travelling, operation and dismantling;
(9) any special operational requirements or limitations imposed

187
5. WORKING WITH offshore cranes(cond..)

1.Selection of appropriate Lifting Appliances and Lifting Accessories:

188
2.Planning a Lift ( Preparation of a Lift Plan)
-The lifting plan defines how the lifting operation will be performed and
identifies the necessary equipment and personnel resources.
-The information contained in a lift plan is governed by the complexity of the

lifting operation. Proper planning for Offshore Lifting Operations, whether for
Routine,
Simple, Complicated or Complex lifts, is essential to prevent incidents
The Lifting Plan should basically include -

A. Method statement
B. Rigging Plan
C. Task Risk Assessment (TRA)
D Sequence of events AND
E. Contingency Plan
NOTE: Detailed Lift Plan is covered in other section of this course.
189

3. Qualified Personnel involved in lifting operations
-Selection of well trained, experienced and

Certified personnel essential for safe Offshore
Lifting Operations
-Minimum qualifying requirements to be stipulated
for the selection of personnel.
If the job is related to certain project, the Code of
Practice of that Project SHALL govern these
requirements.
For example CP 113 Rev.1a –Aug 2014 for all
ADMA related projects
-Knowledge on Principals of
* Following the vessel
* Swing Control
* Catching the wave
190

3. Qualified Personnel involved in Offshore Lifting Operations (contd..) Swing Right to con
Right movement
* Catching the wave * Swing Control
Swing Left to control
Lift on Crest Left movements
Following the vessel

The crane Operator should follow the
location of supply load for
Drop on trough Loading/Unloading

191

4.Safe System of WORK (SSOW)
A safe system of work is a formal procedure which results from systematic examination of
a work in order to identify all the hazards.
It deﬁnes safe methods of working which eliminate those hazards OR minimize the RISKS
associated with them.
To achieve and maintain a safe system of work for the implementation of a permit system
several conditions need to be met and these should include the following:
- allocation of responsibilities for coordinating, monitoring, issuing, receiving, clearing and
cancelling permits to work;
- clear identification of the crane and its associated plant and apparatus;
- effective means of isolation and making it safe from all sources of danger;
- secure means of retaining any keys, fuses or other devices essential for maintaining the
isolation of plant and apparatus;'
- demarcation of, and any special precautions taken to maintain, a safe working area
.
192
5.Preventive Maintenance of lifting equipment
-One of the major elements that contribute to the Safe Operations using any
equipment is a well managed PREVENTIVE MAINTAINANCE PROGRAMME.
-This is achieved by implementing a well thought Lifting Equipment

Management system ( LEMS)
-It is a Management system that governs the well being of all lifting equipment,
the maintenance programme, their status of certification and provides a brief
history.
-Lifting Supervisorshould establish a LEMS

193
6. Inspection by Operator during each shift

-It is the duty of all Operators and Riggers to perform inspection of the
lifting equipment prior to every usage during each shift
-They will be held responsible for any

failure of these equipment
-An Inspection check list is normally provided by the company, to

document such inspection, especially for the lifting
appliances.
-Operators are advised to STOP their lifting activity, if they find any
defects that may result in its unsafe condition.

194

7. Periodic Examination of lifting
equipment
-Legal requirements call for a Thorough
Examination of all Lifting equipment by a competent
Person.
-Lifting Supervisor shall ensure that all offshore

cranes and other Lifting appliances and accessories
are certified by a competent authority, approved by
the Project owners.
-Thorough Examination & Certification is essential

- During Initial examination
-Every 12 months max, for Lifting appliances
(except for man riding offshore cranes, which is
valid for 6 months)
-Every 6 months max, for Lifting accessories
-After Relocation of offshore cranes following a
Dismantling
-After any incident/accident
195

8. Addition Safety factor in Offshore Lifting Operations:
-To cater for dynamic loading during offshore Lifting Operations the
minimum Factor of for CCU lifting set slings shall be 5:1 safety
-Lifting of persons during daylight only & he design factor of load hoist wire
rope when handling personnel shall not be less than 10:1
-Crane Capacity shall be divided by 2 when Lifting personnel in comparison

to lifting materials
- the minimum diameter of wire rope used in lifting sets shall be 13mm
-minimum master link dimensions shall be 270mm x 140mm
-Refer to Tb 1 of BS EN 12079-2, for Minimum required Working Load Limit

of the lifting set for lifting a container

196
8. Addition Safety factor in Offshore Lifting Operations:( contd..)

The following Factors shall be considered in planning any Complex Lift:
a. Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF).

b. Contingency Factor (CTF).
c. Skew Load Factor (SKL).
d. Yaw Factor (YF).
e. CoG Shift Factor (CGSF).
f. Tilt Factor (TF).
g. Consequence Factor (CSF).
If any of the above Factors of Safety cannot be determined accurately for loads
up to and including 100 t, then the Crane’s Capacity shall be deducted by 15%
(Use 85% of Maximum Crane’s Capacity) in case of Single Crane Lift and each
Crane Capacity shall be deducted by 25% (Use 75% of Each Maximum Crane’s
Capacity in case of Tandem Lift “More than One Crane”)

197

a. Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF).
Factor that is applied to the static loads to account for acceleration induced
additional forces (Impact and Acceleration).
b. Contingency Factor (CTF).

A Factor in which the Calculated Weight of Load shall be multiplied with in
order to determine the Actual Net Weight of Load
c. Skew Load Factor (SKL).

The factor by which the load on any lift point or pair of lift points and
rigging is multiplied to account for sling length mis-match in a statically
indeterminate lift.

198

d. Yaw Factor (YF).
For a 2-hook lift, with 2 slings to each hook, the load to each lift point
shall be multiplied by a yaw factor, to account for tolerances in lift radii
of the 2 hooks.
e. CoG Shift Factor (CGSF).

f. Tilt Factor (TF).


199
9. Consequence Factor (CSF).

Additional factor of safety of magnitude related to the consequence of failure,
over and above working stress design safety factor, applied to main members of
the structure being lifted in the design for Offshore Lifting Operations.

200
When offshore cranes are deemed approved for lifting personnel, the following criteria applies:
a. The Factor of Safety required for lifting personnel by a crane shall be higher than that for lifting normal
loads “Normally 2:1”.
b. The crane selected to lift personnel shall have a configuration in the Rated Capacity Indicator(RCI) for
“Personnel Lifting” which is of at least twice the minimum rated capacity for Material Lifting.
c. offshore cranes and lifting accessories used to lift persons, should undergo a thorough examination
by a competent person prior to usage and at least once every 6 months by a TPIA unless the competent
person specifies a shorter interval.
d. offshore cranes, when used for lifting personnel, shall be equipped with brakes that are operable
under all load conditions.
e. The brakes should be automatically applied when the drive is in the ‘OFF’ or ‘NEUTRAL’ position, and,
upon failure of the power supply to the motor and/or control device.
f. Any gearbox should be of constant mesh type.
g. Clutches or other means of disengaging the drive train are prohibited for personnel Offshore Lifting
Operations unless a fail-safe interface exists such that it is not possible to disengage the clutch when the
drive train is in motion or there is a load on the hook.
h. Free fall operation is not permitted.
i. A second brake should be provided for emergency use by the operator, located as near to the winch
as possible.
j. The crane should be fitted with an emergency stop in close proximity to Crane Operator.

201

When offshore cranes are deemed approved for lifting personnel, the following
criteria applies: ( CONTD..)
k. In the event of failure to re-start the prime mover, it should be

possible to readily recover the carrier by manual means.
l. The crane should be equipped with a motion control system that
brings motion to rest automatically when the controls are released.
m. The crane should be equipped with power lowering.
n. Load bearing hydraulic cylinders should be fitted with a device
to stop movement in case of hose rupture or pipe fracture.
o. The crane control system should be able to provide a smooth
transition of the carrier.
p. The travelling speed of the carrier should be limited to a
maximum of 0.5 m/s on all motions.
q. The crane should be fitted with an anemometer or other device
to monitor in-service wind speeds.
r. The wind speed shall not exceed 20 knots (10 m/s) when lifting
personnel or as per Crane Manufacturer’s recommendations.
s. Significant Wave Height 1.5 m.
t. Lifting of persons during daylight only.

202
RESTRICTED ACCESS
-Will the lifting operation interfere

with Others?
- Are barricades or danger

warning
lights required?
-Are barricades or danger warning

lights available?

203
Understanding the effect of factors which

STANDING BELOW THE influence the crane’s lifting capacity
LOAD

204
6. CRANE SET UP
-Follow Crane manufactures instruction to BALLAST the barge/vessel to maintain

Stability for specific lift.
-The rules change when offshore cranes are placed on a ship or barge. offshore
cranes mounted on unstabilized, non-jacked ships can create a major problem.
-As a barge mounted crane lifts a load, the barge will push down into the water
creating list or trim, causing the crane to become unlevel.
-Special load charts are available that compensate for up to 5°. Additional ballasts or
counterweight are required to level the barge so as not to exceed the 5° allowance
-For crawler offshore cranes on Barge/vessles, crane manufacture limitation SHALL

be followed in terms of tilt angles and relevant capacities.
-This calls for a special care, attention, Additional safety factors, Additional controls,
indicators , Limit switches and finally a detailed Risk Assessment while deciding on
Offshore Offshore Lifting Operations over floating members.
205
6. CRANE SET UP (contd..)
DECK CONDITION
-If set on a Deck, will it support the crane?
-Will mats or cribbing be required
-Is the crane Properly secured to the Deck?
- Is the Classification body approves this

Operations

206
6. CRANE SET UP(contd..)

Lifting Area
Crane Operator should refer to a lifting area diagram, to verify that his set
up is in meeting its requirements , as certain areas around the crane may
have less capacity OR even may NOT be permitted to
lift.
Range Diagram
Crane Operator should refer to a Range diagram, to verify that his crane
can reach the areas, with respect to height of the location to drop the load
and if any interference of boom with other units around it.
Note: Details discussed in later sections

207
7. POOR RIGGING/LIFTING PRACTICES

IN CORRECT METHIDS OF USING SHACKLES

208

IN CORRECT METHIDS OF USING HOOKS

209
Tag line near the leg-

(Tripping Hazard)
Note: Wind the excess rope

and hold in one hand

210
CG
CG
Hook NOT above the CG of the load

211
CHOKE LIFT-
-Large contact angle between the pipes
and pipe and the sling causing a sharp
reduction in the overall lifting capacity.
-Ensure ODD number of pipes to be

lifted, to reduce the contact angle
between the pipes and the sling.
Higher contact angles drastically

REDUCE the SWL of the sling.

212

213

214
8. Load Rating chart
-Load Rating chart is a document supplied along with the crane which provides the
details of crane’s lifting capacities in different crane configurations.
-The RCI (Rated Capacity Indicator) is programmed & calibrated to function based on
this load rating chart.
-Load rating charts are based on a combination of crane components in place,

such as;
-counterweights by number and location on the crane,
jibs stowed/erected,
-number of boom section (lattice inserts), hooks blocks OR other fittings.
- the capacity can vary greatly based on which telescoping sections are
deployed
-The Operator has to verify its accuracy during every shift.

215
8. Load Rating chart(contd..)

Off shore pedestal crane

216
9. Lifting Areas Diagram

-A lifting area diagram shows the areas,
the crane is permitted to Operate around
its circumference & permitted loads for
lifting.
-Different type of offshore cranes will

have different lifting capacities different
locations.
-Operator has to review this diagram and

verify allowable load limits.
-Outreach: Is the distance from the lifted

load to the nearest point of contact with
the crane structure(outrigger / lower
structure)

217
10. The Range Diagram

Range diagram provide details of crane’s out reach in vertical & horizontal
directions.
Each crane is equipped with this diagram
This is essential for an Lifting Supervisorto select the correct type of crane
suitable to perform his lifting job assignment during his Lift Plan.

218
11. Rated Capacity Indicator (RCI)

-RCI are designed for use on all types of offshore cranes
-are installed and integrated as per the load chart of the

crane.
-Alarm when reaching 90% SWL and cut off by 110%SWL
- The indication includes, Specific load lifted, the
maximum load that can be lifted, geometric limits on
boom length, angle, number of falls, AND operating
radius, wind speed, Levelling etc
-Overload limiter is CONNECTED with the RCI.

This technology improves the Safety of the equipment by
warning the operator within time and hence by averting
possible mishaps.
-RCI need to be verified against the Load chart prior to

each shift by the Operator.
-A maximum of 5% variation is permitted for Floating
offshore cranes; 2.5% for Pedestal offshore cranes as per
BS EN 13852 OR as per crane Manufacturer
requirements.
-Annual / Biannual verification by TPI ;
-Calibration by the Manufacture
219
12 . Tandem Lifting
-Tandem lifts are Lifts involving two or more

offshore cranes to perform Offshore Lifting
Operations.
-They are complex operations requiring

considerable skill , experience and
planning.
-They fall under a Lift category of -
Non Routine complex
-Multiple crane lifts (or tandem lifts) must -

be planned and carried out under a Lifting
Supervisor’s supervision.
-All offshore cranes have to perform a

synchronized lift while supporting the
load, by step by step guidance on
individual crane operations, provided
extensively in the LIFT PLAN
220
12 . Tandem Lifting(contd..)
The level of risk associated with tandem
lifting is regarded as greater compared to
single lifts, due to
-Human factors.
-Synchronization requirements of both -
crane movements
- lateral forces acting on the crane boom, -
additional or side loads, unequal load
sharing or overturning moments.
- Lifting at unequal speeds-
-Modern instrumentation provides a

facility of One crane Operator controlling
movements of both offshore cranes,
reducing the
risk of human error factors.
-Systems like Tandem lift Assistant,

help position the boom tip correctly to
avoid lateral movements of load, over
turning moments & speed deviations..
221
12 . Tandem Lifting(contd..)
Main factors to be considered when planning Tandem Lifting:
- Weight of the load

- Centre of gravity
- Weight of the liftinggear
- Capacity of the liftinggear-
- Synchronization of crane motions
- Instrumentation
- Supervision
Note:-
When all the factors can not be accurately evaluated, an appropriate down rating
should be applied to all the offshore cranes involved.
The down rating may have to be 25 % or more.

222
13. Video Illustration
VIDEO ILLUSTRAION

223
3.1 RISK ASSESSMENT

• Risk assessment is the process of identifying and
evaluating a hazard to determine the level of action
required to reduce a risk to an acceptable level.
• It is nothing more than a careful examination of

what in the workplace could cause harm to people,
so that we can weigh-up whether the department
has taken enough precautions or are required to
take additional precautions, to prevent harm
occurring.
TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C 2244
3.1 RISK ASSESSMENT (contd..)
What is a Hazard?
• A Hazard is anything that has

the potential to cause harm,
e.g. chemicals, electricity,
working up a ladder.
• Using a crane, forklift …….


What is a Risk?
• The Risk is the likelihood that the hazard will cause harm
and the severity of the consequence.
• For Example:
• If you are cleaning the oven with corrosive cleaner
without using gloves or apron there is a great risk of being
harmed.
• If you wear all protective clothing and gloves and adhere
to all safety precautions the risk is low.
• If you change the chemical to a safer type and adhere to
all precautions the risk will be even lower.
• Five Steps to Risk Assessment:

1. Look for the hazards.
2. Decide who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide whether the
existing precautions are adequate or
whether more should be done.
4. Record your findings.
5. Review your assessment and revise it if
necessary.
1. Hazard Identification
• Walk around the workplace and look afresh at what could
reasonably be expected to cause harm.
• Previous Accident Reports.
• Brainstorming
• Knowledge of Employees
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Manufacturers Instruction Books
• Ask, “What If ….?”

1. Hazard Identification (contd.)

List of few Common Hazards
• Slipping/tripping hazards • Electricity (poor wiring)
(poorly maintained floors • Ejection of material (from
or stairs). plastic moulding)
• Fume (from welding) • Chemicals (battery acids)
• Dust (from grinding) • Pressure systems (steam
• Manual handling boilers).
• Poor lighting
• Temperature
2- Who Might Be Harmed and How

• Generally it will be staff occupying the workplace.
• Attention must be paid to:
• Visitors
• Contractors
• Cleaning staff
• Maintenance staff
• Inexperienced staff

3- Assessment of the Risk

For the hazards listed, do the precautions already taken:
1. Meet the standards set by the legal requirement?
2. Comply with a recognized industry standard?
3. Represent good practice?
4. Reduce risk as far as reasonably practicable?

3- Assessment of the Risk (contd.)

Likelihood:
• Likelihood: The chance of an event (which may cause injury or
harm to person) actually occurring.
• Very Likely: Could happen Frequently
• Likely: Could happen occasionally
• Unlikely: Could happen, but only rarely.
• Highly Unlikely: Could happen but probably never will.


Exposure:
• When evaluating the likelihood of an accident, a factor that will modify
the likelihood category, is exposure.
• Exposure:
• Is a measure of how often or how long a person is actually exposed to a
hazard, some examples are:
Very Rare: Once per year or less.
Rare: A few time per year.
Unusual: Once per month.
Occasional: Once per week
Frequent: Daily
Continuous: Constant


Consequences:
Consequence is a measure of the expected severity should an accident occur.
1. Fatal : Death
2. Major Injuries: Normally irreversible injury or damage to health
requiring extended time off work.
3. Minor Injuries: Typically a reversible injury or damage to health needing
several days away from work to recover.
4. Negligible Injuries: Would require first aid and may need the reminder of
the work period or shift off before being able to return to work.

➢When making a risk assessment all the aspects of likelihood and

consequences should be taken into consideration.
➢Involves assessment of risk rating, for example: HIGH, MEDIUM, or LOW
➢The interrelated parameters of likelihood and consequences can easily be

presented on the simple matrix.


Consequence Likelihood
Very Likely Unlikely Highly

Likely Unlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
Major High High Medium Medium

Injuries
Minor High Medium Medium Low
Injuries
Negligible Medium Medium Low Low
Injuries





Risk Rating Semi-Quantitatively:
This approach uses numerical values to assess risk.

Multiply the likelihood X Consequence.
1 – 6 may be acceptable
7 – 14 the risk should be reduced
15 – 25 Task must not proceed or further control measures put in
place to reduce risk

ADNOC Incident Potential Matrix (IPM)

4- Recording of Assessment Findings

• Formal written record.
• Any suitable form.
• Where the risk is considered to be low, either from
experience or from the calculation of risk rating, this
must be stated in the form and no further action is
then required.
• If the risk is deemed to be medium or high, the
further action needed to control that risk must be
clearly stated on the risk assessment form.

5- Monitoring and Review

• To review the assessment periodically.
• The introduction of new machines, substances
or people into the work place may introduce
new risks or change the category of an existing
risk from low to medium or high.
• Only when there is a significant change.

Risk Control:
• When a risk assessment has identified a
hazard as having unacceptable risks we have
to put in place control measures to eliminate
the risk or reduce the risk to an acceptable
level.


HIERARCHY OF CONTROL:
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Engineering Control
5. Administrative Control
6. Provide Personal Safety Devices.

1. Elimination
• The most satisfactory method of dealing with a
hazard is to eliminate it.
• Transporting an explosive called Anfo
(ammonium nitrate + diesel oil).
• Both are safe in isolation but when mixed they
become unstable.
• The dangers of long distance transport can be
eliminated by not mixing them until they are on site.

2- Substitution:
• Substituting dangerous process or substance
with one that is not as dangerous.
• Example:
Water based paints rather than those contain
lead.

3- Isolation:
• Separate or isolate the hazard from people
• A guard is placed over a piece of moving
machinery.
• A fence with gate around machines.


4- Engineering Control
• Fixing local ventilation system to remove
harmful fumes.
• Fixing dust collector with proper filters.
• Fixing proper shock absorber to reduce noise.
• Ilumination / A/C

3.2 LIFTING PLAN

The Lifting Plan should include:
a. unique identification number for the specific task, categorization and authorization.
b. Description of Lift.
c. Engineering Drawings: Shall mention Plan & Elevation show the Crane Position
&Rigging Plan before & after Lift and clearly marked to scale.
d. Detailed List of all Lifting Equipment &Accessories required the availability of Valid
Certification and instructions to check it at site prior to the lift.
e. Load information: Net weight, Gross Weight, load integrity, centre of gravity, stability, the
lift suspension points, Dimensions of Load, Height of Lift and Maximum Radius.
f. In Complex Lifts; the Net Weight taken by the Crane(s) shall be known accurately within
+/- 2%.
g. In Complex Lifts; a Certificate from an ADMA Approved TPIA shall be granted for the
Load being lifted and Certificate to be issued accordingly.
h. Crane Information with Load Chart and Lifting Configurations.
i. Assessment for Crane and Load Access & Egress Points to determine load-bearing
capability of the site and the consultation of geologist “if required” and the required Lifting
Position.
j. Detailed safe operating limits of the lifting equipment.

3.2 LIFTING PLAN(contd..)
The Lifting Plan should include: (contd..)
k. Hazard identification and lifting Risk Assessments. (TRA)

l. Slinging difficulties, Top Heavy Loads, Sharp Edge Loads and other Hazards.
m. A method statement that identifies the sequence of steps during the lift including Contingency
Plan.
n. Consideration of the placement of lifting equipment, plus potential consequences of catastrophic
failure or unintended motion of the load or equipment, with particular attention to areas where
people congregate.

Table 1 (CP 113) “Lift Plan Preparation, Review, Approve, Endorse and Execute”


LIFTING PLAN TEMPLATE-ADMA
Contd…
LIFTING PLAN TEMPLATE-ADMA (contd…)
Contd…
TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C Contd…2554




APPENDIX-D: ( CP 113 )
LIFTING JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CHECKLIST & TASK RISK ASSESSMENT
Contd…
APPENDIX-D: ( CP 113 ) ( contd..)

LIFTING JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CHECKLIST & TASK RISK ASSESSMENT

TASK RISK ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE- ADMA CP 113


3.3 Categories of Lift

-:ROUTINE CRANE OPERATIONS:-

261
3.3 Categories of Lift(contd..)

-:NON ROUTINE-SIMPLE CRANE OPERATIONS:-

262

-:NON ROUTINE-COMPLICATED CRANE OPERATIONS:-

263

-:NON ROUTINE-COMPEX CRANE OPERATIONS:-

264
3.4 Method Statement

•Method statement is a document prepared by the Appointed person for each
lifting Operation.
• It is one of the major element of Safe System of Work (SSOW)
•It describes how a lifting Operation should be carried out, including any
contingency plan if the Operation becomes interrupted because of weather
change, break doun, etc.
•Briefing of all personnel invloved in the lifting Operaion to ensure that the
SSOW described in the Method statement in effectively communicated, prior to
any lift.
•The lifting supervisor ensures that the Lifting Operation is carried out in
accordance with the Approved Method statement.

265
3.4 Method Statement

It includes step-by-step description of the SSOW for the entire lifting Operation
and should include at least the following, but NOT limited to:
a. Schedule of Responsibilities
b. Full details of the crane
c. Details of Lifting Accessories
d. Name of the appointed person
e. Name of the Lifting Supervisor
f. A complete plan including the sequence of Operations,(from site preparation,
arrival on site, any erection, positioning of crane, lifting & placing of load,
dismantling of crane, moving off site
g. Ground condition, access.
h. Safe means of access and egress
i. Details of the steps to be taken to eliminate danger to personnel NOT
involved in the Offshore Lifting Operations.
•A consultation from all concerned is essential prior to finalization.

266
3.5 LIFTING DATA TABLES & Sling Tension Calculation
A. LIFTING DATA TABLES

A. LIFTING DATA TABLES (Cont.)

A. LIFTING DATA TABLES (Cont.)

A. Sling Tension Calculation

3. 5 LIFTING DATA TABLES & Sling Tension Calculation
A. Sling Tension Calculation (Cont.)






3.6 VIDEO ILLUSTRATION

3.7 Practical Training-Scenario

Practice (CASE STUDY)





SECTION-4
4.1 Practical Training-Scenario

Practice (CASE STUDY- contd..)






SECTION-4
4.2 EXAMINATION

Appendix-1
D:d Ratio
Bending Ratios D:d

Typical minimum bending ratios (sheave or drum dia : rope dia) provided
by some industry standards are as follows:

290
Appendix-2
Determining Load Weight
Estimating the weight of the load by using tables of weights
Material Weight in KG per cubic Notes :
meter In some cases, these figures are average .1
Aluminum 2700 only and the actual weight may vary
according to the particular composition /
Brass 8500 water content , etc.
Brick 2100 All figures have been rounded for .2
convenience of use.
Coal 1450
When dealing with hallow body , check .3
Copper 8800 whether it contains anything and whether
Concrete 2400 any such contents are liable to move
Iron-steel 7700
Lead 11200 Imperial / Metric Conversion
Oil 800
1 ton = 1016 kg = 2240 lb
Paper 1120 1 Tonne = 1000 kg = 2204.6 lb
Water 1000 US ton = 909 kg = 2000 lb
Wood 800

291
Appendix-5
Slings Hitches
The method in which a sling is rigged or attached to a load is referred to as a

‘“HITCH".
The weight and shape of the load will largely determine which type of slings and
hitches are used.

292
Appendix-6
Determining Load Weight Volumes of Common Shapes
Volume of Cylinders
r V = pi X r² x H
R= Radius
H=Height
H pi = 3.14

293
Appendix-7
Volume of Rectangular
V=LxWxH
H
H = Height
W = Width
L = Length
W
L

294
Appendix-7(CONTD..)
Volume of Thick Walled Pipes
V =pi x (r²1- r²2) x L

L
r1= Outer Radius
r2= Inner Radius
L= Length
r1 pi = 3.14
r2

295
Appendix-7(CONTD..)
Volume of Thin Walled Pipes
V= pi x D X L x T
L
D= Diameter
L= Length
T= Thickness
pi = 3.14
T
D

296
Appendix-7(CONTD..)
Volume of Sphere
V=4/3 x pi x r³

297
Appendix-8
WLL of Webbing Slings Based on the Hitch

298
Appendix-8 (CONTD..)
WLL of Webbing Slings Based on the Hitch

299
Appendix-9
Wind Speed
All Lifting
Machines are
designed to
operate in
maximum wind
speed conditions
which should be
marked on the
machine.
Operation in
wind speeds
above this
maximum can
cause instability
and should not
be permitted.

300
Appendix-10
Wire Rope Grades
Wire rope manufacturers have many different grades to meet the varying
demands for strength and toughness.
Grade 120/130 and 130/140 Extra Improved Plow (EEIPS)
This rope is used when special installations require maximum rope strength,
such as mine shaft hoisting. (About 10% stronger than Extra Improved Plow).
Grade 115/125 Extra Improved Plow (EIPS)
This rope is used when the need for higher breaking strength is required. The
bending quality of this rope is not as good as Improved Plow (about 15%
stronger than Improved Plow).
Grade 110/120 Improved Plow (IPS)
This is the most commonly used wire rope. It has good wear resistance, a high
fatigue factor and high tensile strength.
Grade 100/110 Plow
Has lower tensile strength but can be used when strength is secondary to wear
resistance.

301
Appendix-10(CONTD..)
Wire Rope Grades
Grade 90/100 Mild Plow

This rope has high fatigue resistance but is lower in tensile strength. Applications
for this rope are limited.
Galvanized Finish
Most wire rope manufacturers supply all grades of rope with several types of
galvanized finish. Each type of galvanizing has limits concerning wire diameter
and also tensile strength. These limits are often not shown in catalogues due to
the changes and improvements with research and new technology.
Corrosion Resistant Wires
Chromium-nickel steel alloyed ropes are usually made of type 302 or type 305
alloy. Both types have military applications.

302
Definition of Abbreviations
Grade:
IPS- Improved Plow Steel Core:
EIPS - Extra Improved Plow Steel IWRC - Wire Rope Core
GIPS - Galvanized Improved Plow Steel FC - Fibre Core
EEIPS - Extra, Extra Improved Plow Steel Fibre - Hemp or Poly Core
EEEIPS - Extra, Extra, Extra Improved Plow Steel Poly - Polypropylene Core
Construction:
FW - Filler Wire Lay:
WS - Warrington Seale RRL - Right Regular Lay
SFW - Seale Filler Wire RLL - Right Lang Lay
RR - Rotation Resistant LRL - Left Regular Lay
W - Warrington LLL - Left Lang Lay
S - Seale RAL - Right Attended Lay
LAL - Left Attended Lay

303
Characteristics of Wire Rope
Strength
The final characteristics of the made up rope depend on several factors:
Number and size of the wires in a strand. (1
Way the wires in a strand are twisted. (2
Lay Flexibility
Way the strands are laid up. (3
Number of strands in the rope. (4
Tensile strength of the wires. (5
Material of the core around which the strands are laid up. (6
But what are the most important characteristics???
Wear
Elongation
Resistance
304
Classification of Wire rope
A typical description of a wire rope would be:

300 meters, ½” Diameter, 6x 25 Filler, Preformed, Improved Plow Steel Wire Rope,
IWRC, Lang lay
The length of wire rope is ordered or recorded in meters 300 meters: •

12 mm Diameter: The nominal diameter of the rope is given in millimeter •
The first numeral is the number strands in the rope (6) of wires in 6 x 25:•
each strand (25). The word “Filler” indicates the pattern of wires
in the strand.
A type of process assuring that each strand of the rope is Preformed:•
performed to helical shape it will assume in the finished rope.
Improved Plow Steel (IPS): signifies the grade of steel used in the wires. •
Independent Wire Rope Core, indicates the type of core IWRC:•
Indicates the direction of the strands and the wires in the strand Lang lay:•

Appendix-11(contd..)
Wire Rope Anchorage
proper method of locating rope anchorage point on a plain drum

306
Appendix-11 (CONTD..)
Wire Rope Anchorage
proper method of locating rope anchorage point on a plain drum

307
Fleet Angle
Fleet Angle
When spooling rope onto a drum, it is generally recommended
that the fleet angle is limited to between 0.5° and 2.5°.
At the sheave the fleet angle should be limited to 2.5° for grooved drums
and 1.5° for plain drums, and when using rotation-resistant ropes,
the fleet angle should be limited to 1.5°.

308
Wedge socket
The tail length should be a minimum of 6 rope diameters for standard rope and
20 rope diameters for rotation resistant rope but in either ease, it should not be
less than 6 inches.
Single Grip, Single Saddle Wire Rope Clamp Double Grip, Double Saddle
(One Single Saddle with U-bolt) Wire Rope Clamp (Two
Separate Saddles with U-Bolt)

309
Wedge Socket
VIOLATION This type of wire rope clip (single

grip, single saddle) will transfer the
weight of the load to the dead end of
the load line.
Attach the wedge socket directly to

the load ball without the use of a
shackle.

310
Sheave Sizes Appendix-11(contd..)
If the rope sheave breaks, it shall not

be possible for the rope to slip off the
sheave shaft.
Rope grooves on rope sheaves
should have a groove radius of (0,52
to 0,56) x nominal rope diameter
The depth of the grooves shall
not be less than 1,4 x nominal rope
diameter.

311
Sheave Sizes Appendix-11(contd..)
Boom-hoisting sheaves shall have ❑

pitch diameters of not less than 15
times the nominal diameter of the
rope used.
Load-hoisting sheaves shall have ❑
pitch diameters not less than 18 times
the nominal diameter of the rope
used.
Load block (lower) sheaves shall ❑
have pitch diameters not less than 16
times the nominal diameter of the
rope used.

312
Appendix-12
Crane Wire Rope Inspection
CRANE WIRE ROPE

DISCARD CRITERIA

313
Visible broken wires

314
Crane Wire Rope Inspection Visible broken wires
Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in single-layer and parallel-closed ropes, signalling discard of rope

315
Appendix-12(contd…)
Crane Wire Rope Inspection Visible broken wires
Number of wire breaks, reached or exceeded, of visible broken wires
occurring in rotation-resistant rope, signalling discard of rope

316
Decrease in rope diameter

317
Decrease in rope diameter:
If there is an obvious local decrease in diameter, such as that
caused by failure of a core or rope centre, the
rope shall be discarded

318
Waviness:
The rope shall be discarded if, under any condition, either of the following
conditions exists:
a) on a straight portion of rope, which never runs through or around a sheave or
spools on to the drum, the gap between a straightedge and the underside of the
helix is 1/3 × d or greater;
b) on a portion of rope, which runs through a sheave or spools on to the drum, the
gap between a straightedge and the underside of the helix is 1/10 × d or greater.

319
Waviness:

320
Local increase in rope diameter:
If the rope diameter increases by 5 % or more for a rope with a steel core or 10 %
or more for a rope with a fiber core during service, the reason for this shall be
investigated and consideration given to discarding the rope

321
Wire protrusion

322
Core protrusion – Single-layer rope

323
Strand protrusion or distortion

324
Flattened portion

325
Kink (positive)

326
Kink (negative)

327
Basket deformation

328
External corrosion

329
Protrusion of inner rope of rotation-resistant rope

330
Kink

331
Flattened portion

332
Internal corrosion

333
Appendix-13
WLL of Chain Slings Based on the Hitch

334

335

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Appointed Person – Offshore Lifting Operations

TUV SUD MIDDLE EAST

The delegates need to fill in the relevant

Who we are & what services we offer ?

Participants are Requested for brief Self introduction with

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

This course is suitable for supervisors and managers •

1 1.1 Terms and Definitions used 8 - 22

1. 2 Duties and Responsibilities 23 - 30

1.4 Rigging and Slinging 1

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

TOPICS COVERED (contd…)

3 3.1 Risk Assessment 228 – 239

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Cargo Carrying Unit (CCU)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Certified Visual Inspection

CoG Shift Factor (CGSF)

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Consequence Factor (CSF)

Contingency Factor (CTF)

Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (contd..)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Limit State Design

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Primary Load Bearing Member

Quality Management System

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

SPA (Single Point Authority)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Safe Working Load (SWL)

Skew Load Factor (SKL)

Secondary Load Bearing Members

Sub Sea Lift

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Tilt Factor (TF)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.1 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ( contd..)

Working Load Limit (WLL)

Working Stress Design

Yaw Factor (YF)

TÜV SÜD Middle East L.L.C

1.2 Duties and Responsibilities

The Appointed Person has operational control of the lift and:

1.2 Duties and Responsibilities